U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congressional research reportMay 25, 2023
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U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected
Congressional Votes Since 1982
Updated May 25, 2023
Congressional Research Service
https://crsreports.congress.gov
RL31693
SUMMARY
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected
Congressional Votes Since 1982
RL31693
May 25, 2023
Barbara Salazar Torreon
Senior Research Librarian
This report summarizes selected congressional roll call votes related to instances in which U.S.
Armed Forces have been sent abroad in potentially hostile situations. These votes reflect the type
of congressional actions that observers maintain bear directly on issues affecting policy and the
Carla Y. Davis-Castro
funding of troops abroad, often in the context of the War Powers Resolution, continued presence
Senior Research Librarian
or withdrawal of troops, and the “use of force.” The cases of Lebanon (1982-1983), Grenada
(1983), Panama (1989), the Persian Gulf War (1990-1991), Somalia (1992-1995), Haiti (19931996), Bosnia (1992-1998), Kosovo (1999), the terrorist attack against the United States (2001)
(including the use of U.S. Armed Forces in Afghanistan), and the use of U.S. Armed Forces
against Iraq (2002-2003) and Iraq and Afghanistan (2001-Present) are examined, as are the revolution in Libya and its
aftermath, the uprising and war in Syria, and military action against the self-proclaimed Islamic State (or ISIS or ISIL). The
roll call votes that are available online (since 1990 in the House and 1989 in the Senate) are hyperlinked in the text.
Congressional Research Service
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Contents
Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1
Report Content ................................................................................................................................ 1
Lebanon (1982-1983) ...................................................................................................................... 2
Grenada (1983) ................................................................................................................................ 3
Panama (1989)................................................................................................................................. 4
Persian Gulf War (1990-1991)......................................................................................................... 4
Somalia (1992-1995) ....................................................................................................................... 6
Haiti (1993-1996) ............................................................................................................................ 8
Bosnia (1992-1998) ....................................................................................................................... 12
Kosovo (1999) ............................................................................................................................... 18
Terrorist Attack against the United States Legislation (2001-Present) .......................................... 22
Use of Force against Iraq (2002-2003) .......................................................................................... 24
War in Iraq and Afghanistan (2001-present) ................................................................................. 27
Revolution and Aftermath in Libya ............................................................................................... 51
Uprising and Armed Conflict in Syria ........................................................................................... 53
Military Action against the Islamic State (ISIS, ISIL) .................................................................. 54
Hostilities in Yemen ...................................................................................................................... 57
Sources Consulted ......................................................................................................................... 59
Contacts
Author Information........................................................................................................................ 59
Congressional Research Service
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Introduction
The President and Congress have historically played different roles when sending U.S. troops into
hostile situations. The President has the power under Article II, Section 2, of the Constitution to
use the Armed Forces to repel attacks. Congress under Article I, Section 8, has the power to
declare war and raise and support the Armed Forces. The War Powers Resolution1 was enacted to
ensure that the President and Congress share decisions where U.S. troops may become involved
in hostilities.
This sharing of power has often resulted in controversy, particularly when troops are sent into
situations where there has not been a formal declaration of war. In most instances, Congress has
used its legislative prerogatives through funding mechanisms or declarations of policy either to
affirm or to place limits on presidential action. In three instances since 1982, Congress has
authorized the use of military force in advance of hostilities: the Persian Gulf War (1991),
military operations in Afghanistan (2001), and the “use of force against Iraq” resolution (2002).
In each case, however, the President has maintained that while he may have sought congressional
consultation and support, the President has the constitutional authority as Commander in Chief to
use force, including the Armed Forces of the United States, to protect U.S. national security
interests. Additionally, the executive branch has long viewed congressional enactment of defense
appropriations bills as de facto authorization for operations funded under those measures,
although Congress has often included provisions stating that no separate authorization for the use
of force is implied by the appropriation of funds.2
Related CRS products
[Archived] CRS Report RL31133, Declarations of War and Authorizations for the Use of Military
Force: Historical Background and Legal Implications, by Jennifer K. Elsea and Matthew C.
Weed
CRS Report R42699, The War Powers Resolution: Concepts and Practice, by Matthew C. Weed.
CRS Report R42738, Instances of Use of United States Armed Forces Abroad, 1798-2022, by
Barbara Salazar Torreon and Sofia Plagakis.
Report Content
This report describes the congressional debate that often surrounds the issue of employing the
U.S. military abroad. Initially written in response to a congressional request for a list of votes on
this topic from 1982-1992, this report has been updated as needed since that time. The floor votes
included are those directly related to the use and funding of U.S. troops abroad, often in the
context of the War Powers Resolution, or to their continued presence or withdrawal.
The laws, bills, and resolutions below are listed in the chronological order of the votes that were
held. Links to the actual roll call votes are provided, when available (since 1990 in the House and
1989 in the Senate). These links include each Member’s yea or nay vote.
In some cases, House or Senate votes are voice votes, and, thus, no roll call vote exists.
Moreover, the ultimate disposition of amendments listed in the report (i.e., whether such
amendments were incorporated into any final law) may not be self-evident. Some amendments
1 P.L. 93-148, November 7, 1973. For more detailed contextual and legislative history information, see CRS Report
R42699, The War Powers Resolution: Concepts and Practice, by Matthew C. Weed.
2 See Authorization for Continuing Hostilities in Kosovo, 24 Op. O.L.C. 327, 332.
Congressional Research Service
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U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
may appear as considered; some may have been further amended during subsequent proceedings
or in conference; some may have been deleted in conference when one chamber receded from
that amendment. In other instances, only one chamber of Congress may have voted on a
particular measure; for example, a House or Senate simple resolution is a measure that expresses
nonbinding opinions on policies or issues and is effective only in the chamber in which it is
proposed. It does not require concurrence by the other chamber or approval by the President.
Lebanon (1982-1983)
On September 29, 1982, President Reagan deployed 1,200 marines to serve as part of a
multinational observer force to restore the sovereignty of the Lebanese government. By March
30, 1984, the mission had ended.
Related CRS products
CRS Report R44759, Lebanon: Background and U.S. Relations, by Carla E. Humud.
Congress
98th
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
S. 639
(P.L. 98-43)
Lebanon
Emergency
Assistance Act of
1983
Requires the President to seek statutory authority
for any substantial expansion of U.S. participation in
the multinational peacekeeping force in Lebanon.
Measure passed in
Senate
May 20, 1983
(voice vote)
Measure passed in
House
June 2, 1983
276-76
(vote #153)
H.J.Res. 364
Multinational Force
in Lebanon
Resolution
To provide statutory authority under the War
Powers Resolution for continued U.S. participation
in the multinational peacekeeping force in Lebanon
for up to 18 months after enactment.
Measure passed in
House
September 28, 1983
270-161
(vote #356)
H.Amdt. 395 to
H.J.Res. 364
Long substitute amendment requires the President
to invoke the War Powers Resolution by the end of
November, or at the end of any month thereafter,
unless President certifies to Congress that a ceasefire was in effect and being observed by all parties,
and that significant progress was being made in
negotiations to broaden the base of Lebanese
government.
Rejected in House
September 28, 1983
158-272
(vote #360)
S.J.Res. 159
(P.L. 98-119)
Multinational Force
in Lebanon
Resolution
Authorizes the President to maintain U.S. Armed
Forces in Lebanon as part of a multinational
peacekeeping force for 18 months; determines that
the requirements of §4(a)(1) of the War Powers
Resolution became operational on August 29, 1983.
Measure passed in
House
September 29, 1983
253-156
(vote #370)
Measure passed in
Senate
September 29, 1983
54-46
(vote #274)
S.Amdt. 2231 to
S.J.Res. 159
Baker motion to kill the Byrd amendment stating
that U.S. Marines in Lebanon became engaged in
hostilities on August 29, 1983, requiring the
President to submit report to Congress under
Agreed to in Senate
September 29, 1983
55-45
(vote #269)
Congressional Research Service
Votes
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U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
§4(a)(1) of the War Powers Resolution concerning
hostilities, and extending for 60 days from
enactment of the resolution the President’s
authority to keep U.S. forces in Lebanon.
S.Amdt. 2228 to
S.J.Res. 159
Baker motion to kill the Pell amendment to
authorize the U.S. Marines to remain in Lebanon
for an additional six months instead of 18.
Agreed to in Senate
September 29, 1983
62-38
(vote #270)
S.Amdt. 2239 to
S.J.Res. 159
Baker motion to kill the Tsongas amendment
stating that a purpose of the deployment of U.S.
Marines in Lebanon was “maintain a secure area
from which the Government of Lebanon can
restore full control.”
Agreed to in Senate
September 29, 1983
56-42
(vote #271)
S.Amdt. 2240 to
S.J.Res. 159
Baker motion to kill the Levin amendment stating
that “actual or imminent hostilities involving U.S.
armed forces” began on August 29, 1983.
Agreed to in Senate
September 29, 1983
54-45
(vote #272)
S.Amdt. 2233 to
S.J.Res. 159
Baker motion to kill Eagleton amendment to allow
the U.S. to take such “defensive measures as may
be appropriate” to protect the multinational
peacekeeping force in Lebanon rather than
“protective” measures; would require the President
to report to Congress periodically on the results of
efforts to secure removal of all foreign forces from
Lebanon.
Agreed to in Senate
September 29, 1983
66-34
(vote #273)
H.Amdt. 494 to
H.R. 4185
Department of
Defense
Appropriations for
FY1984
Long amendment to prohibit funds for deployment
of U.S. Armed Forces participating in the
multinational peacekeeping force in Lebanon after
March 1, 1984.
Rejected in House
November 2, 1983
153-274
(vote #441)
Grenada (1983)
On October 25, 1983, President Reagan sent U.S. Marines and Army troops to Grenada in order
to protect American lives and restore law and order at the request of the Organization of Eastern
Caribbean States. All U.S. troops were removed from Grenada by December 15, 1983.
Congress
98th
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
S.Amdt. 2462 to
H.J.Res. 308
(P.L. 98-161)
Joint resolution
increasing the
statutory limit on
the public debt
Hart amendment to invoke the War
Powers Resolution with respect to
American military involvement in Grenada.
Agreed to in Senate
October 28, 1983
64-20
(vote #321)
Senate receded on inclusion
of amendment in conference
committee consideration (H.
Rpt. 98-566)
H.J.Res. 402
Declared that the requirements of §4(a)(1)
of the War Powers Resolution became
operative on October 25, 1983, when U.S.
Armed Forces were introduced into
Grenada.
Measure passed in House
November 1, 1983
403-23
(vote #437)
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U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Panama (1989)
On December 20, 1989, President George H.W. Bush deployed 14,000 U.S. military forces to
Panama in order to protect American lives, restore Panamanian democracy, and apprehend
General Manuel Noriega. Congress did not immediately react to the situation, as the 101st
Congress, first session had ended on November 22, 1989; the second session of the 101st
Congress did not begin until January 23, 1990. The 14,000 U.S. troops were removed from
Panama by February 13, 1990.
Related CRS products
CRS In Focus IF10430, Panama: An Overview, by Mark P. Sullivan.
[Archived] CRS Report RL30981, Panama: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S.
Relations Through 2012, by Mark P. Sullivan.
Congress
101st
Bill and
Title
H.Con.Res.
262
Description and Comments
Votes
Expresses sadness over the loss of U.S. soldiers’ lives as a
result of Operation Just Cause and commends the
President for his efforts to provide for the early return of
the remaining U.S. troops from Panama.
Measure agreed to in
House
February 7, 1990
389-26
(vote #12)
Persian Gulf War (1990-1991)
On August 2, 1990, Iraqi troops invaded Kuwait, seized its oil fields, ousted the Kuwaiti
leadership, installed a new government in Kuwait City, and massed troops on the Saudi Arabian
border. On August 9, President Bush reported that he had deployed U.S. troops to the region.
Legislation in late 1990 (101st Congress, second session) focused on imposing sanctions against
Iraq, in seeking the withdrawal of Iraqi forces from the area, and in supporting the President in
carrying out the provisions of the relevant United Nations Security Council resolutions. On
January 12, 1991 (102nd Congress, first session), the Congress authorized the “use of force”
against Iraq in advance of the outbreak of hostilities with Iraq on January 16.
Related CRS products
CRS Report RS21513, Kuwait: Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy, by Kenneth Katzman.
Congress
101st
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
S.Res. 318
Resolution to
condemn Iraq’s
invasion of Kuwait
“Commends the President for his initial actions and
urges the President to act immediately, using
unilateral and multilateral measures, to seek the full
and unconditional withdrawal of all Iraqi forces from
Kuwaiti territory .... involving air, sea, and land
forces as may be needed to maintain or restore
international peace and security in the region.”
Measure agreed to in
Senate
August 2, 1990
97-0
(vote #211)
H.J.Res. 658
United States
Policy on Iraqi
Aggression
Resolution
Supports the deployment of U.S. Armed Forces to
the Persian Gulf region and expresses appreciation
to such forces.
Measure passed in
House
October 1, 1990
380-29
(vote #394)
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U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
101st
S.Con.Res. 147
Supports continued action by the President to deter
Iraqi aggression and to protect American lives and
interests in the region.
Measure agreed to in
Senate
October 2, 1990
96-3
(vote #258)
102nd
H.J.Res. 77
(P.L. 102-1)
Authorization for
Use of Military
Force Against Iraq
Resolution
Joint resolution to authorize the use of United
States Armed Forces pursuant to United Nations
Security Council Resolution 678.
Measure passed in
House
January 12, 1991
250-183
(vote #9)
H.Con.Res. 32
Finds that the Constitution vests all power to
declare war in the Congress. Declares that any
offensive action against Iraq must be explicitly
approved in advance by the Congress.
Measure agreed to in
House
January 12, 1991
302-131
(vote #7)
H.Con.Res. 33
Authorizes the continued use of American military
force to enforce the United Nations economic
embargo against Iraq, to defend Saudi Arabia from
direct Iraqi attack, and to protect American forces
in the region. Declares that (1) the Constitution
requires the President to obtain authorization from
the Congress before initiating new offensive military
action or waging war against Iraq or Iraqi forces and
(2) the Congress does not rule out the enactment
at a later time of a declaration of war or other
congressional authorization for the use of force.
Measure rejected in
House
January 12, 1991
183-250
(vote #8)
S.J.Res. 1
Authorizes the use of American military force to
enforce the United Nations economic embargo
against Iraq, defend Saudi Arabia from direct Iraqi
attack, and protect American forces in the region.
Declares that (1) the Constitution vests all power
to declare war in the Congress and (2) the
Congress will expeditiously consider any
presidential request for a declaration of war or for
authority to use military force against Iraq.
Measure rejected by
Senate
January 12, 1991
46-53
(vote #1)
S.J.Res. 2
Authorization for
Use of Military
Force Against Iraq
Resolution
Authorizes the President to use U.S. Armed Forces
against Iraq pursuant to United Nations Security
Council Resolution 678.
Measure passed in
Senate
January 12, 1991
52-4
(vote #2)
H.R.3261
This bill repeals the January 14, 1991, resolution the
Authorization for the Use of Military Force against
Iraq (P.L. 102-1).
Bill passed in House
after motion to
suspend the rules and
pass certain bills and
agree to resolution
June 29, 2021
366 - 46
(vote #191)
117th
Congressional Research Service
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U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Somalia (1992-1995)
On December 10, 1992, President George H.W. Bush reported that he had deployed U.S. troops
into Somalia on December 8, in response to United Nations Security Council Resolution 794,
which authorized the Secretary General to “use all necessary means to establish as soon as
possible a secure environment for humanitarian relief operations in Somalia” and to provide
military forces for accomplishing this mission. U.S. troops were deployed to assist United
Nations Forces in Somalia (UNOSOM) throughout 1993 and 1994, ending on March 3, 1995.
Related CRS products
CRS In Focus IF10155, Somalia, by Lauren Ploch Blanchard.
CRS Report R45428, Sub-Saharan Africa: Key Issues and U.S. Engagement, coordinated by
Tomás F. Husted.
Congress
103rd
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
S.J.Res. 45
Joint resolution authorizing the use of U.S. Armed
Forces in Somalia pursuant to United Nations
Security Council Resolution 794 providing for a
secure environment to deliver relief supplies into
Somalia. The House reported version authorized U.S.
troops under the War Powers Resolution, but
terminated such authorization at the earlier of (1) end
of one year from date of enactment of the act unless
extended by Congress; or (2) expiration of the
United Nations-led force in Somalia.
Measure passed in
Senate
February 4, 1993
(voice vote)
Measure passed in
House
May 25, 1993
243-179
(vote #183)
H.Amdt. 66 to
S.J.Res. 45
Gilman substitute amendment to reduce from one
year to six months authorization for U.S. participation
and to delete the section of the bill complying with
the War Powers Resolution.
Rejected in House
May 25, 1993
179-248
(vote #179)
H.Amdt. 67 to
S.J.Res. 45
Roth amendment to end the U.S. troop authorization
and financial aid in Somalia on June 30, 1993.
Rejected in House
May 25, 1993
127-299
(vote #180)
H.Amdt. 68 to
S.J.Res. 45
Solomon amendment to commend U.S. Armed
Forces for establishing a secure environment for
humanitarian relief in Somalia.
Agreed to in House
May 25, 1993
425-0
(vote #181)
H.Amdt. 68 to
S.J.Res. 45
Separate vote at request of Walker on amendment
adopted by Solomon in Committee of the Whole to
commend U.S. forces for establishing a secure
environment for humanitarian relief in Somalia.
Agreed to in House
May 25, 1993
419-0
(vote #182)
S.Amdt. 790 to
S. 1298
National Defense
Authorization Act
for Fiscal Year
1994
Byrd amendment to the Byrd amendment expressing
sense of Senate that the President should outline
goals, objectives, and duration of deployment of U.S.
troops in Somalia and report to Congress by October
15, 1993; President should ask for and receive
congressional authorization for continued deployment
in Somalia by November 15, 1993; U.S. participation
would terminate if Congress failed to authorize such
continued involvement.
Agreed to in Senate
September 9, 1993
90-7
(vote #252)
Congressional Research Service
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U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
H.R. 2401
(P.L. 103-160)
National Defense
Authorization Act
for FY1994
Adoption of National Defense Authorization Act for
FY1994 including text of Byrd Amendment (S.Amdt.
790 to S. 1298) as §1512.
Measure passed in
House
September 29, 1993
268-162
(vote #474)
Measure passed
Senate
October 6, 1993
(voice vote)
H.Amdt. 319 to
H.R. 2401
Gephardt amendment requiring the President to
report to Congress by October 15, 1993, on goals,
objectives, and duration of U.S. Armed Forces in
Somalia and expressing sense of Congress that the
President should seek congressional authorization by
November 15, 1993, for continued deployment in
Somalia.
Agreed to in House
September 28, 1993
406-26
(vote #463)
H.Amdt. 319 to
H.R. 2401
Separate vote at request of Walker on Gephardt
amendment (see above) adopted in the Committee of
the Whole.
Agreed to in House
September 29, 1993
405-23
(vote #472)
Spence motion to recommit bill to House Armed
Services with instructions to report back with
amendment requiring the President to certify that it is
vital and necessary to protect U.S. national interests
before placing U.S. troops under control of a foreign
national on behalf of the United Nations.
Rejected in House
September 29, 1993
192-238
(vote #473)
§8151 states the purposes for which Congress
approves of the use of U.S. forces in Somalia.
Conference report
agreed to in House
by voice vote on
November 10, 1993;
agreed to in Senate
on same date
88-9
(vote #368)
Thurmond motion to kill McCain amendment
(S.Amdt. 1043) to prohibit funding of U.S. military
operations in Somalia except for withdrawal of all U.S.
troops.
Agreed to in Senate
October 15, 1993
61-38
(vote #313)
S.Amdt. 1042 to
H.R. 3116
Byrd amendment to prohibit funding of U.S. military
operations in Somalia after March 31, 1994, except
for limited purposes if the President requests and
Congress authorizes an extension; requires U.S.
forces to be under command of U.S. commanders.
Agreed to in Senate
October 15, 1993
76-23
(vote #314)
H.Con.Res. 170
Concurrent resolution directing the President
pursuant to §5(c) of the War Powers Resolution to
remove U.S. Armed Forces from Somalia by January
31, 1994.
Measure agreed to in
House
November 9, 1993
(voice vote)
H.Amdt. 384 to
H.Con.Res. 170
Gilman amendment to change deadline for removal of
U.S. troops in Somalia from March 31, 1994, to
January 31, 1994.
Agreed to in House
224-203
November 9, 1993
(vote #555)
H.R. 3116
(P.L. 103-139)
Department of
Defense
Appropriations for
FY1994
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U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
H.Amdt. 385 to
H.Con.Res. 170
Hamilton substitute amendment to change deadline
for removal of U.S. troops back to March 31, 1994,
from January 31, 1994; substituted by Gilman.
Agreed to in House
226-201
November 9, 1993
(vote #556)
H.R. 3759
(P.L. 103-211)
Emergency
Supplemental
Appropriations
Act for FY1994
Chapter 3 of the Act appropriates funds for
Department of Defense operations in Somalia, Bosnia,
Iraq, and Haiti.
Measure passed in
House
February 3, 1994
337-74
(vote #13)
Measure passed
Senate
February 10, 1994
85-10
(vote #45)
H.Amdt. 424 to
H.R. 3759
Frank amendment to delete $1.2 billion for
peacekeeping and humanitarian assistance in Somalia,
Bosnia, Iraq, and Haiti.
Rejected in House
February 3, 1994
158-260
(vote #8)
S.Amdt. 1453 to
H.R. 3759
Feingold amendment to eliminate $1.2 billion for
peacekeeping operations in Somalia, Bosnia, Iraq, and
Haiti.
Rejected in Senate
February 10, 1994
19-76
(vote #40)
H.R. 4650
(P.L. 103-335)
Department of
Defense
Appropriations for
FY1995
§8135 “None of the funds appropriated by this Act
may be used for the continuous presence in Somalia
of United States military personnel, except for the
protection of United States personnel, after
September 30, 1994.”
Measure passed in
Senate
August 11, 1994
86-14
(vote #282)
Agreed to in House
September 29, 1994
327-86
(vote #446)
S.Amdt. 2538 to
H.R. 4650
Kempthorne amendment prohibiting funds from
supporting the continued presence of U.S. troops in
Somalia after September 30, 1994.
Agreed to in Senate
August 10, 1994
54-44
(vote #278)
Haiti (1993-1996)
On October 20, 1993, President Bill Clinton reported that U.S. ships had begun enforcing a
United Nations embargo against Haiti. On September 19, 1994, President Clinton had deployed
1,500 troops to Haiti to restore democracy; that level was ultimately increased to over 20,000. By
March 21, 1995, U.S. troops were reduced to under 5,300 and incorporated into the United
Nations Multinational Force in Haiti. By September 21, 1995, they were reduced to under 2,500
personnel. U.S. troops ended their deployment to Haiti by April 17, 1996.
Related CRS products
CRS Report R45034, Haiti’s Political and Economic Conditions, by Maureen Taft-Morales.
[Archived] CRS Report RL32294, Haiti: Developments and U.S. Policy Since 1991 and Current
Congressional Concerns, by Maureen Taft-Morales and Clare Ribando Seelke.
Congressional Research Service
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U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
CRS In Focus IF12182, Haiti: Political Conflict and U.S. Policy Overview, by Clare Ribando
Seelke and Maureen Taft-Morales.
Congress
103rd
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
H.R. 3116
(P.L. 103-139)
Department of
Defense
Appropriations for
FY1994
§8147 states sense of Congress that funds
appropriated by the Act should not be
obligated or expended for U.S. military
operations in Haiti unless Congress has
authorized such operations in advance or under
certain conditions, including the President
submitting a required report to Congress.
Conference report
(including Mitchell
amendment, see below)
agreed to in House by
voice vote on
November 10, 1993;
agreed to in Senate on
same date
88-9
(vote #368)
S.Amdt. 1072 to
H.R. 3116
Helms amendment to prohibit funding any U.S.
military operations in Haiti unless Congress
explicitly authorizes such action or the
President certifies to Congress that U.S.
citizens are in danger.
Rejected in Senate
October 21, 1993
19-81
(vote #321)
S.Amdt. 1074 to
H.R. 3116
Dole amendment expressing sense of Congress
that Congress should authorize all U.S. military
operations in Haiti unless U.S. citizens are in
imminent danger or that the President reports
that such deployment is justified by U.S.
national security interests.
Agreed to in Senate
October 21, 1993
98-2
(vote #322)
H.R. 3759
(P.L. 103-211)
Emergency
Supplemental
Appropriations Act
for FY1994
Chapter 3 appropriates funds for Department
of Defense operations in Somalia, Bosnia, Iraq,
and Haiti.
Measure passed in
House
February 3, 1994
337-74
(vote #13)
Measure passed in
Senate
February 10, 1994
85-10
(vote #45)
H.Amdt. 424 to
H.R. 3759
Frank amendment to delete $1.2 billion for
peacekeeping and humanitarian assistance in
Haiti, Bosnia, Somalia, and Iraq.
Rejected in House
February 3, 1994
158-260
(vote #8)
S.Amdt. 1453 to
H.R. 3759
Feingold amendment eliminating $1.2 billion for
peacekeeping operations in Haiti, Bosnia,
Somalia, and Iraq.
Rejected in Senate
February 10, 1994
19-76
(vote #40)
H.R. 4301
National Defense
Authorization Act for
FY1995
House engrossed measure did not include the
Goss amendment (H.Amdt. 574).
Measure passed in
House
June 9, 1994
260-158
(vote #226)
H.Amdt. 575 to
H.R. 4301
Substitute amendment to the Goss amendment
(see below) sought to express the sense of
Congress that the U.S. should not attack Haiti
except in a case of a clear and present danger.
Rejected in House
May 24, 1994
191-236
(vote #196)
H.Amdt. 574 to
H.R. 4301
Goss amendment expressing sense of Congress
that the United States with the Organization of
Agreed to in House
May 24, 1994
Congressional Research Service
9
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
American States and the United Nations should
establish a safe haven for Haitian refugees on Ile
de la Gonâve; establish legitimate Haitian
administration to govern; the President should
not undertake any military action against Haiti
unless it presents a clear and present danger to
the United States.
223-201
(vote #197)
H.Amdt. 574 to
H.R. 4301
Separate vote at request of Dellums on the
amendment offered by Goss, previously voted
on at roll call vote #197 above.
Rejected in House
June 9, 1994
195-226
(vote #224)
H.R. 4426
(P.L. 103-306)
Foreign Operations,
Export Financing, and
Related Programs
Appropriations for
FY1995
Mitchell amendment (S.Amdt. 2118) was
included in the Senate engrossed version of the
bill. The conference agreement on the Act
removed the Senate language (H. Rept. 103633).
Measure passed in
Senate
July 15, 1994
84-9
(vote #203)
S.Amdt. 2117 to
H.R. 4426
Gregg amendment to prohibit military action in
Haiti unless the operations are authorized in
advance by Congress or U.S. citizens are in
imminent danger or the President reports that
such deployment is justified by U.S. national
security.
Rejected in Senate
June 29, 1994
34-65
(vote #172)
S.Amdt. 2118 to
H.R. 4426
Mitchell amendment expressing sense of
Congress that Congress should authorize all
U.S. military operations in Haiti unless U.S.
citizens are in imminent danger or the
President reports that such deployment is
justified by U.S. national security.
Agreed to in Senate
June 29, 1994
93-4
(vote #173)
H.R. 4624
(P.L. 103-327)
Department of
Veterans Affairs
Appropriations for
FY1995
Measure passed in
Senate
August 4, 1994
86-9
(vote #262)
S.Amdt. 2445 to
H.R. 4624
Dole amendment expressing sense of Senate
that United Nations Security Council
Resolution 940 did not constitute authorization
for deployment of U.S. forces in Haiti under
the Constitution or the War Powers
Resolution.
Agreed to in Senate
August 3, 1994
100-0
(vote #254)
H.R. 4606
(P.L. 103-333)
Departments of
Labor, Health and
Human Services, and
Education
Appropriations for
FY1995
McCain motion to kill Specter amendment
(S.Amdt. 2460) barring the President from
deploying U.S. troops to restore legitimately
elected Haitian government unless authorized
by Congress, unless vital to national security
interests, or to protect lives of U.S. citizens.
Agreed to in Senate
August 5, 1994
63-31
(vote #263)
H.Con.Res. 290
Concurrent resolution commending the
President and the special delegation to Haiti;
supporting U.S. Armed Forces in Haiti;
Measure agreed to in
House
September 19, 1994
Congressional Research Service
10
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
supporting an orderly withdrawal of U.S. forces
as soon as possible.
353-45
(vote #424)
S.Res. 259
Resolution expressing sense of the Senate
supporting U.S. forces in Haiti; commending the
special delegation led by former President
Carter; supporting lifting of economic sanctions
on Haiti; supporting prompt and orderly
withdrawal of all U.S. forces.
Measure agreed to in
Senate
September 21, 1994
94-5
(vote #301)
S.J.Res. 229
(P.L. 103-423)
Joint resolution
regarding United
States policy toward
Haiti
Joint resolution expressing sense of Congress
for a prompt and orderly withdrawal of all U.S.
forces from Haiti as soon as possible; requires
President to submit reports to Congress on
the scope and duration of U.S. mission in Haiti.
Measure passed in
Senate
October 6, 1994
91-8
(vote #323)
Measure passed in
House
October 7, 1994
(voice vote)
H.J.Res. 416
Limited Authorization
for the United Statesled Force in Haiti
Resolution
Joint resolution expressing sense of Congress
that all U.S. troops should be promptly and
orderly withdrawn from Haiti as soon as
possible; President should have sought
congressional approval before deployment of
troops; requires the President to submit
statement of national security objectives of
Operation Uphold Democracy within seven
days of enactment.
Measure passed in
House
October 7, 1994
236-182
(vote #500)
H.Amdt. 922 to
H.J.Res. 416
Gilman amendment expressing sense of
Congress that President should not have
ordered U.S. troops to occupy Haiti and should
immediately begin the safe and orderly
withdrawal of all U.S. forces; provides for
consideration of joint resolution to be
introduced January 21, 1995, which if enacted,
would prohibit continued use of U.S. troops in
Haiti within 30 days.
Rejected in House
October 6, 1994
205-225
(vote #497)
H.Amdt. 923 to
H.J.Res. 416
Dellums amendment expressing sense of
Congress that all U.S. troops should be
promptly and orderly withdrawn from Haiti;
President should have sought congressional
approval before deploying troops; requires
President to submit to Congress within seven
days of enactment a statement on national
objectives of Operation Uphold Democracy
and monthly progress reports.
Agreed to in House
October 6, 1994
258-167
(vote #498)
H.Amdt. 924 to
H.J.Res. 416
Torricelli amendment authorizing the presence
of U.S. troops in Haiti until March 1, 1995,
unless President determines and certifies to
Congress that continued presence is essential
to protect U.S. citizens or vital to national
security interests.
Rejected in House
October 7, 1994
27-398
(vote #499)
Congressional Research Service
11
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Bosnia (1992-1998)
The civil war in the former Yugoslav Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina resulted in U.S. military
participation in various efforts over several years to halt the fighting. The United States
participated in both United Nations and NATO actions without explicit congressional
authorization. Beginning in 1992, the United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 770,
which called on all nations to take “all measures necessary” to facilitate the delivery of
humanitarian assistance to Sarajevo. On August 11, 1992, the Senate passed S.Res. 330, which
urged the President to work for such a resolution and pledged funds for participation, but also
said that no U.S. military personnel should be introduced into hostilities without clearly defined
objectives.
On the same day, the House passed H.Res. 554, which urged the Security Council to authorize
measures, including the use of force, to ensure humanitarian relief. As the conflict in Bosnia
continued and escalated over the next several years, U.S. troops were sent to participate in NATO
and United Nations peacekeeping missions. Consequently, leaders in Congress began calling for
greater congressional involvement in decisions.
In 1994, for example, the Senate passed S. 2042, which called for the United States to end
unilaterally its arms embargo with Bosnia; the Senate also passed an amendment to S. 2042
which stated that no ground combat troops should be deployed to Bosnia unless previously
authorized by Congress. The House did not act on the measure. With the signing of the Dayton
Peace Agreement for Bosnia on December 14, 1995, NATO took over the ground operation from
UNPROFOR (United Nations Protection Force). Consequently, in late 1995, over 20,000 U.S.
combat troops were sent to Bosnia as part of the NATO-led peacekeeping force. In December
1995, Congress considered and voted on a number of bills and resolutions, but the House and
Senate could not come to consensus on any single measure. In 1996, President Clinton agreed to
provide up to 8,500 ground troops to participate in the NATO-led follow-on force in Bosnia
termed the Stabilization Force (SFOR).
Subsequent efforts by both the House and Senate to require the President to either limit funding
for the Bosnia operations or to bring the troops home did not succeed. On March 18, 1998, for
example, the House defeated by a vote of 193-225 H.Con.Res. 227, which would have directed
the President to remove U.S. Armed Forces from the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina, pursuant
to Section 5(c) of the War Powers Resolution.
On July 22, 2002, President Bush reported to Congress that U.S. Armed Forces contributions to
SFOR in Bosnia-Herzegovina were approximately 2,400 personnel. U.S. troops ended their
mission in Bosnia-Herzegovina when SFOR was replaced by the European Union Force (EUFOR
Althea) in 2004. The following table includes legislation of what was introduced and voted on
during the 102nd Congress-105th Congresses (1992-1998).
Related CRS products
CRS Report R45691, Bosnia and Herzegovina: Background and U.S. Policy, by Sarah E.
Garding.
[Archived] CRS Report RS21774, Bosnia and the European Union Military Force (EUFOR):
Post-NATO Peacekeeping, by Julie Kim.
[Archived] CRS Report 96-723, Bosnia Implementation Force (IFOR) and Stabilization Force
(SFOR): Activities of the 104th Congress, by Julie Kim.
Congressional Research Service
12
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
102nd
103rd
103rd
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
S.Res. 330
Expresses the sense of the Senate that the
President should call upon the United
Nations to authorize all means, including
multinational military action, to ensure the
flow of humanitarian relief in BosniaHerzegovina and to gain access for U.N. and
International Red Cross personnel to refugee
and war camps.
Measure agreed to in
Senate
August 11, 1992
74-22
(vote #186)
S.Amdt. 2925 to
S.Res. 330
Warner amendment to express the Senate’s
support for six measures by the
Administration to help resolve Balkan Crisis
as stated by President Bush on August 6.
Agreed to in Senate
August 10, 1992
90-5
(vote #184)
S.Amdt. 2929 to
S.Res. 330
Stevens amendment to express the sense of
the Senate that the United States will provide
necessary funds for U.S. participation in
humanitarian and multilateral military action
in Bosnia-Herzegovina as mandated by the
United Nations.
Agreed to in Senate
August 11, 1992
82-13
(vote #185)
H.R. 3116
(P.L. 103-139)
Department of Defense
Appropriations Act,
1994
Making appropriations for the Department of
Defense for the fiscal year ending September
30, 1994. Includes Mitchell amendment
below as §8146.
Measure passed in
House
September 30, 1993
325-102
(vote #480)
Senate agreed to
conference report
November 10, 1993
88-9
(vote #368)
S.Amdt. 1073 to
H.R. 3116
Mitchell amendment to express the sense of
Congress that none of the funds in the bill
should be used to deploy U.S. troops in
Bosnia-Herzegovina unless authorized by
Congress, except for humanitarian missions
started before October 20, 1993.
Agreed to in Senate
October 20, 1993
99-1
(vote #320)
S. 2042
A bill to remove the United States arms
embargo of the government of BosniaHerzegovina.
Measure passed in
Senate
May 12, 1994
(voice vote)
S.Amdt. 1696
to S. 2042
Mitchell amendment directs the President to
seek agreement of NATO allies to terminate
the international arms embargo on the
Government of Bosnia-Herzegovina, direct
the President to seek a U.N. Security
Council resolution to terminate the arms
embargo and authorize U.S. air power to
implement NATO exclusion zones and to
protect U.N. forces, but prohibit the
deployment of U.S. ground combat forces
without congressional authorization.
Agreed to in Senate
May 10, 1994
50-49
(vote #110)
S.Amdt. 1695
to S. 2042
Dole amendment to require the President to
terminate the U.S. arms embargo of BosniaHerzegovina upon receipt of a request from
that government for assistance in its right of
self-defense and to prohibit interference with
Agreed to in Senate
May 12, 1994
50-49
(vote #111)
Congressional Research Service
13
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
the transfer of conventional arms by the
executive branch. The amendment also
states that nothing in the amendment shall be
interpreted as an authorization for the
deployment of U.S. forces.
104th
H.R. 2076
Departments of
Commerce, Justice, and
State, the Judiciary, and
Related Agencies
Appropriations Act,
1996
Making appropriations for the Departments
of Commerce, Justice, and State, the
Judiciary, and related agencies for the fiscal
year ending September 30, 1996, and for
other purposes. Gregg amendment
(S.Amdt. 2842) included in enrolled bill as
§409.
Measure passed in
House
July 26, 1995
272-151
(vote #585)
Measure passed in
Senate
September 29, 1995
(voice vote)
House adopted
conference report
December 6, 1995
256-166
(vote #841)
Senate adopted
conference report
December 7, 1995
50-48
(vote #591)
Vetoed by President
December 19, 1995
House failed to override
veto
January 3, 1996
240-159
(vote #4)
104th
S.Amdt. 2842 to
H.R. 2076
Gregg amendment to express the sense of
the Senate that U.S. troops should not be
deployed to Bosnia-Herzegovina unless
Congress approves deployment or
temporary deployment is necessary to
evacuate U.N. peacekeeping forces from
imminent danger, to undertake air rescue
operations, or to provide humanitarian
supplies.
Agreed to in Senate
September 29, 1995
94-2
(vote #479)
H.Res. 247
Expresses the sense of the House that of
Representatives relating to the deployment
of the U.S. armed forces on the ground in
the territory of the Republic of BosniaHerzegovina is not a prerequisite to enforce
a peace agreement.” Gilman motion to
suspend the rules and adopt the resolution
that a successful outcome for the Bosnia
peace talks should not assume the
deployment of U.S. troops, and that any
deployment should be authorized by
Congress.
Measure agreed to in
House
October 30, 1995
315-103
(vote #745)
H.R. 2606
To prohibit the use of funds appropriated to
the Department of Defense from being used
for the deployment on the ground of U.S.
Measure passed in
House
November 17, 1995
Congressional Research Service
14
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
Armed Forces in the Republic of BosniaHerzegovina as part of any peacekeeping
operations, or as part of any implementation
force, unless funds for such deployment are
specifically appropriated by law.
243-171
(vote #814)
Measure rejected in
Senate
December 13, 1995
22-77
(vote #601)
H.R. 2770
To prohibit federal funds from being used for
the deployment on the ground of U.S.
Armed Forces in the Republic of BosniaHerzegovina as part of any peacekeeping
operations, or as part of any implementation
force.
Measure rejected in
House
December 13, 1995
210-218
(vote #856)
H.Res. 302
Relating to the deployment of the U.S.
Armed Forces in and around the territory of
the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina to
enforce the peace agreement between the
parties to the conflict. The House has
“serious concerns and opposition” to the
President’s policy to deploy U.S. ground
troops to Bosnia and that the U.S.
government should be “impartial and
evenhanded with all parties” in the conflict as
necessary ... to assure the safety” of U.S.
troops.
Measure agreed to in
House
December 13, 1995
287-141
(vote #857)
S.Con.Res. 35
A concurrent resolution expressing the
opposition of the Congress to President
Clinton’s planned deployment of United
States ground forces to Bosnia while also
expressing congressional support for the U.S.
troops ordered by the President to help
implement the Bosnia peace agreement.
Measure rejected in
Senate
December 13, 1995
47-52
(vote #602)
H.Res. 306
Expressing the sense of the House of that
while some Members of Congress have
questions and concerns about the
deployment of U.S. Armed Forces to Bosnia,
the House unequivocally supports the men
and women of the U.S. Armed Forces
serving there.
Measure rejected in
House
December 14, 1995
190-237
(vote #858)
104th
S.J.Res. 44
A joint resolution expressing support for
U.S. troops in Bosnia and reservations about
the deployment of such troops. The measure
would also limit the deployment to
“approximately one year” and require the
President to limit the use of U.S. troops in
Bosnia to the enforcement of the military
provisions of the peace agreement and
provide an exit strategy from Bosnia that
would include an international effort to
achieve a military balance in Bosnia by arming
the federation of Bosnia.
Measure passed in
Senate
December 14, 1995
69-30
(vote #603)
105th
H.R. 1119
(P.L. 105-85)
National Defense
Conferees included agreed upon provisions
on Bosnia-Herzegovina as Subtitle A of Title
XII. Text of Buyer amendment (H.Amdt.
Measure passed in
House,
June 25, 1997
Congressional Research Service
15
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
105th
105th
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 1998
203) was not included as adopted by the
House.
304-120
(vote #236)
Measure passed in
Senate
July 11, 1997
(unanimous consent)
House adopted
conference report
October 28, 1997
286-123
(vote #534)
Senate adopted
conference report
November 6, 1997
90-10
(vote #296)
H.Amdt. 204 to H.R.
1119
Hilleary substitute amendment to the Buyer
amendment to prohibit the obligation of
funds for ground deployment of U.S. troops
in Bosnia after December 31, 1997, unless
the President submits a report to Congress
requesting an extension of funding. The
Hilleary amendment would require the
extension to be approved by a joint
resolution of Congress and would permit
deployment for an additional 180 days or
until June 30, 1998.
[Appears as Amendment No. 9, printed in
Part 1 of H.Rept. 105-137]
Rejected in House
June 24, 1997
196-231
(vote #233)
H.Amdt. 203 to H.R.
1119
Buyer amendment to prohibit funding for
U.S. ground troops in Bosnia after June 30,
1998.
[Appears as Amendment No. 8, printed in
Part 1 of H.Rept. 105-137]
Agreed to in House
June 24, 1997
278-148
(vote #234)
S. 936
National Defense
Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 1998
(§1083) Expresses the sense of Congress
that U.S. troops “should not participate in a
follow-on force in Bosnia and Herzegovina
after June 1998.”
Measure passed in
Senate
July 11, 1997
94-4
(vote #173)
H.R. 2266
(P.L. 105-56)
Department of Defense
Appropriations Act,
1998
Making appropriations for the Department of
Defense for the fiscal year ending September
30, 1998, and for other purposes. §8132 of
the enrolled bill/conference report would cut
off funding for U.S. troops in Bosnia after
June 30, 1998, but would permit the
President to request further funding.
Provision was not affected by line item veto.
Measure passed in
House
July 29, 1997
322-105
(vote #338)
Measure passed in
Senate
July 29, 1997
(unanimous consent)
House agreed to
conference report
September 25, 1997
56-65
(vote #442)
Congressional Research Service
16
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
Senate agreed to
conference report
September 25, 1997
93-5
(vote #258)
P.L. 105-56 Line item
veto by the President
October 21, 1997
105th
105th
H.Con.Res. 227
Bosnia and Herzegovina
U.S. Troop Removal bill
Directed the President, pursuant to §5(c) of
the War Powers Resolution, to remove U.S.
Armed Forces from the Republic of BosniaHerzegovina.
Measure rejected in
House
March 18, 1998
193-225
(vote #58)
S.Amdt. 2316 to
Treaty 105-36
Protocols to the NATO
Treaty of 1949 on
Accession of Poland,
Hungary, and Czech
Republic
Craig amendment to add language to the
resolution of ratification that would require
Congress and the President to enact
legislation specifically authorizing the
continued deployment of U.S. troops in
Bosnia before the United States ratifies the
NATO expansion treaty.
Rejected in Senate
April 30, 1998
20-80
(vote #110)
S.Amdt. 2328 to
Treaty 105-36
Protocols to the NATO
Treaty of 1949 on
Accession of Poland,
Hungary, and Czech
Republic
B. Smith amendment to add language to the
resolution of ratification that would require
both houses of Congress to vote on
legislation, prior to ratification of NATO
expansion, that would authorize continued
U.S. troop deployments to Bosnia.
Rejected in Senate
April 30, 1998
16-83
(vote #116)
H.R. 3616
(P.L. 105-261)
Strom Thurmond
National Defense
Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 1999
Frank motion to recommit the bill to the
National Security Committee with
instructions to report it back with an
amendment that no funds appropriated for
the Department of Defense for FY1999 may
be used for the deployment of U.S. Armed
Forces in the Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina
after December 31, 1998, unless a law has
been enacted that explicitly authorizes the
deployment of such Armed Forces.
Rejected in House
May 21, 1998
167-251
(vote #182)
S. 2057
National Defense
Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 1999
To authorize appropriations for FY1999 for
military activities of the Department of
Defense and for other purposes.
Includes amended version of Thurmond
amendment.
Measure passed in
Senate
June 25, 1998
88-4
(vote #181)
S.Amdt. 2975 to S.
2057
Thurmond amendment to express the sense
of Congress that U.S. ground forces should
not remain in Bosnia indefinitely, and that the
President should work with NATO to
withdraw U.S. forces “within a reasonable
period of time.”
Agreed to in Senate
June 24, 1998
90-5
(vote #170)
S. 2132
Department of Defense
Appropriations Act,
1999
Making appropriations for the Department of
Defense for the fiscal year ending September
30, 1999 and for other purposes.
Indefinitely postponed in
Senate
July 30, 1998
(unanimous consent)
Congressional Research Service
17
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
McCain motion to table (kill) the Hutchison
amendment (S.Amdt. 3413) that would
require the President to reduce U.S. combat
forces in Bosnia to 6,500 by February 2,
1999, and by 5,000 by October 1, 1999.
Votes
Agreed to in Senate
July 30, 1998
68-31
(vote #249)
Kosovo (1999)
On March 24, 1999, President Clinton ordered U.S. military forces to begin air strikes against the
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) in cooperation with the NATO-led
operation. The strike was ordered in response to Yugoslavia’s campaign of violence against ethnic
Albanians in the province of Kosovo. On June 3, 1999, Yugoslavia agreed to a peace plan calling
for withdrawal of Yugoslav forces from Kosovo to include an international peacekeeping force.
On June 10, 1999, NATO air strikes were halted, and Yugoslav forces withdrew their military
forces from Kosovo by June 20, 1999.
Congress, while not authorizing directly, and in advance, this military action, introduced and
voted on several legislative measures related to deployment of U.S. military forces for combat or
peacekeeping in the Balkan region. The House adopted H.Con.Res. 42 on March 11, 1999, which
authorized the President to send troops as peacekeepers; the Senate passed a non-binding
resolution (S.Con.Res. 21) on March 23, 1999, that expressed the sense of Congress that the
President was authorized to conduct military air operations in cooperation with NATO allies
against Yugoslavia. However, the House later defeated the Senate resolution, on April 28, 1999.
Other House or Senate votes sent conflicting signals in addressing funding related to troop
deployments in the region, declaration of war issues, and executive and congressional roles in
sending U.S. military forces abroad. The following legislation is representative of what was
introduced and voted on in the 106th Congress.
Related CRS products
CRS Insight IN11180, Kosovo’s Election: Early Results May Signal Major Changes, by Sarah E.
Garding.
[Archived] CRS Report R44979, Kosovo: Background and U.S. Relations, by Vincent L. Morelli.
[Archived] CRS Report R44955, Serbia: Background and U.S. Relations, by Vincent L. Morelli
and Sarah E. Garding.
[Archived] CRS Report RL31053, Kosovo and U.S. Policy: Background to Independence, by
Julie Kim and Steven Woehrel.
[Archived] CRS Report RL30127, Kosovo Conflict Chronology: September 1998-March 1999, by
Julie Kim.
Congress
106th
Bill and Title
H.Res. 103
Congressional Research Service
Description and Comments
Votes
Provides for consideration of the concurrent
resolution, H.Con.Res. 42, regarding the use of
U.S. Armed Forces as part of a NATO
peacekeeping operation implementing a Kosovo
peace agreement. Motion to order the previous
question (thus ending debate and the possibility of
amendment) on adoption of H.Res. 103.
Measure agreed to in
House
March 11, 1999
218-201
(vote #46)
18
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
106th
106th
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
H.Con.Res. 42
Peacekeeping
Operations in
Kosovo Resolution
A concurrent resolution authorizing the President
to deploy U.S. Armed Forces personnel to Kosovo
as part of a NATO peacekeeping operation
implementing a Kosovo peace agreement, subject
to certain limitations.
Measure agreed to in
House
March 11, 1999
219-191
(vote #49)
H.Amdt. 24 to
H.Con.Res. 42
Gejdenson amendment to add language concerning
authorization and deployment of U.S. Armed
Forces to Kosovo including a declaration of policy
relating to an interim agreement to end the conflict
and limit U.S. Armed Forces personnel that may be
part of a NATO peacekeeping operation to not
more than 15 percent.
Agreed to as
amended by voice
vote
H.Amdt. 25 to
H.Con.Res. 42
Fowler amendment to Gejdenson amendment to
limit the deployment of U.S. Armed Forces to
Kosovo and to not authorize the President to
deploy ground forces as part of a NATO
peacekeeping operation.
Rejected in House
March 11, 1999
178-237
(vote #48)
H.Amdt. 26 to
H.Con.Res. 42
Gilman amendment to Gejdenson amendment to
authorize deployment of U.S. Armed Forces to
Kosovo and require the President to submit
reports to Congress including a statement outlining
the national interest at risk; specifying resources
required; percentage of U.S. participation; and exit
strategy before ordering any deployments.
Agreed to by voice
vote.
S. 544
Emergency
Supplemental
Appropriations Act
for Fiscal Year 1999
An original bill making emergency supplemental
appropriations and rescissions for recovery from
natural disasters, and foreign assistance, for the
fiscal year ending September 30, 1999, and for
other purposes. March 23, 1999: Cloture motion
(thus limiting debate) on the Lott amendment
(S.Amdt. 124) to the Hutchison amendment
(S.Amdt. 81) to prohibit the use of funds for
military operations in Yugoslavia unless Congress
enacts specific authorizations in law for the
conduct of those operations.
Cloture motion
rejected in Senate
March 23, 1999
55-44
(vote #55)
Measure passed in
Senate
March 23, 1999
(voice vote)
S.Con.Res. 21
A concurrent resolution authorizing the President
of the United States to conduct military air
operations and missile strikes against Yugoslavia.
Measure agreed to in
Senate
March 23, 1999
58-41
(vote #57)
Measure rejected in
House
April 28, 1999
213-213
(vote #103)
H.Res. 130
Expresses the support of the House of
Representatives for the members of the U.S.
Armed Forces who are engaged in military
operations against Yugoslavia.
Measure agreed to in
House
March 24, 1999
424-1
(vote #71)
H.R. 1141
(P.L. 106-31)
1999 Emergency
A bill making emergency supplemental
appropriations for the fiscal year ending September
30, 1999, and for other purposes—provides $15
billion for Central American humanitarian relief, aid
Measure passed in
House
March 24, 1999
Congressional Research Service
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U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
Supplemental
Appropriations Act
to Jordan, U.S. farmer assistance, and U.S. military
and humanitarian operations in the Balkans.
220-211
(vote #70)
Measure passed in
Senate, as amended,
in lieu of S. 544
March 24, 1999
(voice vote)
House adopted
conference report
May 18, 1999
269-158
(vote #133)
Senate adopted
conference report
May 20, 1999
64-36
(vote #136)
H.Res. 151
Provides for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1569)
to prohibit the use of funds appropriated to the
Department of Defense from being used for the
deployment of ground elements of the U.S. Armed
Forces in Yugoslavia unless that deployment is
specifically authorized by law; for consideration of
the concurrent resolution (H.Con.Res. 82)
directing the President, pursuant to §5(c) of the
War Powers Resolution, to remove U.S. Armed
Forces from their positions in connection with the
present operations against Yugoslavia; for
consideration of the joint resolution (H.J.Res. 44)
declaring a state of war between the United States
and the Government of Yugoslavia; and for
consideration of the concurrent resolution
(S.Con.Res. 21) authorizing the President of the
United States to conduct military air operations
and missile strikes against Yugoslavia.
Measure agreed to in
House
April 28, 1999
213-210
(vote #99)
H.R. 1569
Military Operations
in the Federal
Republic of
Yugoslavia Limitation
Act of 1999
A bill to prohibit the use of funds appropriated to
the Department of Defense from being used for
the deployment of ground elements of the U.S.
Armed Forces in Yugoslavia unless that deployment
is specifically authorized by law.
Measure passed in
House
April 28, 1999
249-180
(vote #100)
H.Con.Res. 82
A concurrent resolution directing the President,
pursuant to §5(c) of the War Powers Resolution,
to remove U.S. Armed Forces from their positions
in connection with the present operations against
Yugoslavia.
Measure rejected in
House
April 28, 1999
139-290
(vote #101)
H.J.Res. 44
A joint resolution declaring a state of war between
the United States and the government of
Yugoslavia.
Measure rejected in
House
April 28, 1999
2-427
(vote #102)
S.J.Res. 20
A joint resolution authorizing the President to use
all necessary force and other means, in concert
with the U.S. allies, to accomplish U.S. and NATO
objectives in Yugoslavia.
Motion to table
agreed to in Senate
May 4, 1999
Congressional Research Service
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U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
78-22
(vote #98)
106th
H.Res. 159
“Provides for consideration of the bill (H.R. 1664)
making emergency supplemental appropriations for
military operations, refugee relief, and humanitarian
assistance relating to the conflict in Kosovo ... for
the fiscal year ending September 30, 1999, and for
other purposes.”
Measure agreed to in
House
May 6, 1999
253-171
(vote #116)
H.R. 1664
(P.L. 106-51)
Kosovo Emergency
Supplemental
Appropriations bill
“A bill (as introduced) making emergency
supplemental appropriations for military
operations, refugee relief, and humanitarian
assistance relating to the conflict in Kosovo ... for
the fiscal year ending September 30, 1999, and for
other purposes—provided $13.1 billion relating to
Kosovo operations and other purposes (Kosovorelated supplemental funding was ultimately
removed from this legislation and included in H.R.
1141).”
Measure passed
House as amended
May 6, 1999
311-105
(vote #120)
H.Amdt. 68 to
H.R. 1664
Obey amendment to provide the President’s
funding request for military operations in Kosovo,
etc.
Rejected in House
May 6, 1999
164-260
(vote #118)
H.Amdt. 76 to
H.R. 1664
Istook amendment to prohibit funding for the
implementation of any plan to invade Yugoslavia
with ground forces, except in time of war.
Rejected in House
May 6, 1999
117-301
(vote #119)
S. 1059
(P.L. 106-65)
National Defense
Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 2000
To authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2000 for
military activities of the Department of Defense,
for military construction, and for defense activities
of the Department of Energy, to prescribe
personnel strengths for such fiscal year for the
Armed Forces, and for other purposes.
Measure passed in
Senate as amended
May 27, 1999
92-3
(vote #154)
Measure passed in
House, in lieu of H.R.
1401
June 14, 1999
(voice vote)
House adopted
conference report
September 15, 1999
375-45
(vote #424)
Senate adopted
conference report
September 22, 1999
(voice vote)
S.Amdt. 383 to
S. 1059
Specter amendment to direct the President,
pursuant to the U.S. Constitution and the War
Powers Resolution, to seek approval from
Congress prior to the introduction of ground
troops from the U.S. Armed Forces in connection
with the present operations against Yugoslavia or
funding for that operation will not be authorized.
Motion to table
agreed to in Senate
May 25, 1999
52-48
(vote #145)
S.Amdt. 406 to
B. Smith amendment to prohibit, effective October
1, 1999, the use of funds for military operations in
Motion to table
agreed to in Senate
Congressional Research Service
21
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
106th
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
S. 1059
Yugoslavia unless Congress enacts specific
authorization in law for the conduct of those
operations.
May 26, 1999
77-21
(vote #151)
H.R. 1401
National Defense
Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 2000
“A bill to authorize appropriations for fiscal years
2000 and 2001 for military activities of the
Department of Defense ... and for other purposes.”
Measure passed in
House
June 10, 1999
365-58
(vote #191)
H.Amdt. 160 to
H.R. 1401
Souder amendment to prohibit any FY2000 funding
for military operations in Yugoslavia.
Rejected in House
June 10, 1999
97-328
(vote #187)
H.Amdt. 161 to
H.R. 1401
Skelton amendment to delete language which
prohibits any funding for combat or peacekeeping
operations in Yugoslavia after September 30, 1999;
retains language which requires the President to
request supplemental appropriations in order to
conduct combat or peacekeeping operations in
Yugoslavia.
Agreed to in House
June 10, 1999
270-155
(vote #189)
Terrorist Attack against the United States
Legislation (2001-Present)
On September 11, 2001, terrorists attacked the United States with a coordinated series of aircraft
hijackings and suicide crashes into populated buildings. Two airplanes crashed into the twin
towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, causing their complete destruction. Another
airplane crashed into the Pentagon near Washington, DC, and a fourth airplane crashed in
southwestern Pennsylvania (near Shanksville) after passengers attempted to take control of the
aircraft in order to prevent it from crashing into an important symbol of democracy and freedom,
perhaps in the Washington, DC, area. Over 3,000 people lost their lives in these terrorist attacks.
Consequently, on September 14, 2001, Congress passed a joint resolution, which “authorizes the
President to use all necessary and appropriate force against those nations, organizations, or
persons he determines planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred
on September 11, 2001, or harbored such organizations or persons, in order to prevent any future
acts of international terrorism against the United States by such nations, organizations, or
persons.” It further states that the act is intended to constitute specific statutory authorization
within the meaning of the War Powers Resolution. President George W. Bush signed the joint
resolution into law on September 18, 2001. On October 9, 2001, President Bush reported in a
letter to Congress that U.S. Armed Forces had begun combat action in Afghanistan against the Al
Qaeda terrorists and their Taliban supporters starting at 12:30 p.m. (EDT) on October 7, 2001.
Related CRS products
CRS Report R43983, 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force: Issues Concerning Its
Continued Application, by Matthew C. Weed.
Congressional Research Service
22
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
107th
115th
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
H.J.Res. 64
Authorization for Use of Military
Force
Joint resolution to authorize the use of United
States Armed Forces against those responsible
for the recent (September 11, 2001) attacks
launched against the United States.
Measure
passed in
House
September
14, 2001
420-1
(vote #342),
House tabled,
September
14, 2001
H.R. 3338
(P.L. 107-117)
Department of Defense and
Emergency Supplemental
Appropriations for Recovery
from and Response to Terrorist
Attacks on the United States
Act, 2002
Department of Defense and Emergency
Supplemental Appropriations for Recovery
from and Response to Terrorist Attacks on
the United States Act, 2002—Appropriates
funds for FY 2002 for emergency expenses to
respond to the September 11, 2001, terrorist
attacks on the United States.
Measure
passed in
House
November
28, 2001
406-20
(vote #458),
December 7,
2001
passed/agreed
in Senate by
voice vote
December
20, 2001
Conference
report agreed
to in House
408-6 (Vote
# 510) and
agreed to the
Senate 94-4
(vote # 380)
S.J.Res. 23
(P.L. 107-40)
Joint resolution to authorize the use of U.S.
Armed Forces against those responsible for
the recent (September 11, 2001) attacks
launched against the United States.
Measure
passed in
Senate
September
14, 2001
98-0
(vote #281),
House passed
without
objection,
September
14, 2001
S.Amdt. 871 to S.Amdt.
1003 to H.R. 2810
Paul amendment would repeal the
Authorization for the Use of Military Force
Against Iraq Resolution of 2002 (P.L. 107243).
Motion to
table S.Amdt.
871 agreed to
in Senate
61-36
September
13, 2017
(vote #195)
Congressional Research Service
23
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
118th
Bill and Title
S.316
Description and Comments
Votes
A bill to repeal the authorizations for Use of
Military Force against Iraq in P.L. 102-1 and
the Use of Military Force Against Iraq
Resolution of 2002 in P.L.107–243.
Passed Senate
without
amendment
March 29,
2023
66 - 30
(vote # 77)
Use of Force against Iraq (2002-2003)
On October 10, 2002, after several days of debate, the House passed H.J.Res. 114, which
authorized the use of military force against Iraq. The Senate had considered its own measure,
S.J.Res. 45, beginning on October 3, but indefinitely postponed it, and instead passed H.J.Res.
114 on October 11, 2002. As enacted into law, the joint resolution provides authorization for the
use of military force against Iraq and expresses support for the President’s efforts to
(1) strictly enforce through the United Nations Security Council all relevant Security Council
resolutions regarding Iraq; and
(2) obtain prompt and decisive action by the Security Council to ensure that Iraq abandons its
strategy of delay, evasion, and noncompliance and promptly and strictly complies with all
relevant Security Council resolutions.
In addition, it authorizes the President to use the U.S. Armed Forces to (1) defend U.S. national
security against the continuing threat posed by Iraq; and (2) enforce all relevant Security Council
resolutions regarding Iraq. It directs the President, prior to or as soon as possible (but no later
than 48 hours) after exercising such authority, to make available to the Speaker of the House of
Representatives and the President pro tempore of the Senate his determination that
(1) reliance on further diplomatic or peaceful means alone will not achieve the above
purposes; and
(2) acting pursuant to this joint resolution is consistent with the United States and other
countries continuing to take necessary actions against international terrorists and terrorist
organizations, including those who planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist
attacks of September 11, 2001.
It declares that this section is intended to constitute specific statutory authorization for use of the
Armed Forces, consistent with the requirements of the War Powers Resolution. Finally, it requires
the President to report to Congress at least every 60 days on matters relevant to this resolution.
The war with Iraq (Operation Iraqi Freedom) began on March 19, 2003, with an aerial attack
against a location where Iraqi President Saddam Hussein was suspected to be meeting with top
Iraqi officials. U.S. and British troops entered Iraq on March 20, 2003, and while the invasion
encountered resistance, particularly in its early stages, U.S. forces had largely gained control of
Baghdad by April 9, 2003. The northern cities of Kirkuk and Mosul fell shortly afterward, and on
April 14, 2003, U.S. troops entered Tikrit, Saddam’s birthplace and the last major population
center outside coalition control. On April 15, 2003, President George W. Bush declared that “the
regime of Saddam Hussein is no more.”
Congressional Research Service
24
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
107th
107th
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
H.J.Res. 114 (P.L.
107-243)
Joint resolution to authorize the use of United
States Armed Forces against Iraq.
Measure passed House in
October 10, 2002
296-133
(vote #455)
Measure passed Senate
October 11, 2002
77-23
(vote #237)
H.Amdt. 608 to
H.J.Res. 114
B. Lee amendment that would urge the
President to work through the United
Nations to ensure that Iraq is not developing
weapons of mass destruction, and to urge the
use of peaceful means to resolve the issue,
including the resumption of weapons
inspections.
Rejected in House
October 10, 2002
72-355
(vote #452)
H.Amdt. 609 to
H.J.Res. 114
Spratt amendment to authorize the U.S.
military to support any new U.N. Security
Council resolution that orders the
elimination, by force if required, of Iraq’s
weapons of mass destruction, long-range
missiles, and the means of producing such
weapons. The President would be required to
seek congressional authority before using
military force against Iraq without such a U.N.
resolution.
Rejected in House
October 10, 2002
155-270
(vote #453)
Kucinich motion to recommit the bill to the
House International Relations Committee
with instructions that it be reported back with
language that would require the President,
prior to the use of force, to report to
Congress on the effect of war with Iraq,
including estimates of its impact on the U.S.
economy, Iraqi citizens, and international
stability.
Rejected in House
October 10, 2002
101-325
(vote #454)
Joint resolution to authorize the use of United
States Armed Forces against Iraq.
Indefinitely postponed by
Senate
October 11, 2002
(unanimous consent)
McCain motion to table the Graham
amendment (S.Amdt. 4857) to the
Lieberman substitute amendment (S.Amdt.
4856). The Graham amendment would
authorize the use of force against Iraq and five
terrorist organizations. It would require the
Administration to report to Congress that
diplomatic options have been exhausted no
later than 48 hours after action has begun.
The President would be required to report to
Congress at least every 60 days.
Agreed to in Senate
October 9, 2002
88-10
(vote #231)
Byrd amendment to the Lieberman substitute
amendment (S.Amdt. 4856). The Byrd
amendment would provide for the
termination of congressional authorization of
the use of force 12 months after the
resolution’s enactment, unless the President
Rejected in Senate
October 10, 2002
31-66
(vote #232)
S.J.Res. 45
107th
S.Amdt. 4869 to
S.J.Res. 45
Congressional Research Service
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U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
certifies that an extension is necessary and
Congress does not pass a joint resolution
disapproving of the extension.
107th
108th
Motion to invoke cloture (thus limiting
debate) on the Lieberman substitute
amendment (S.Amdt. 4856) that would
authorize the use of force against Iraq and
require the Administration to report to
Congress that diplomatic options have been
exhausted no later than 48 hours after
military action has begun. The President also
would be required to submit a progress
report to Congress at least every 60 days.
Agreed to in Senate
October 10, 2002
75-25
(vote #233)
S.Amdt. 4868 to
S.J.Res. 45
Byrd amendment to the Lieberman substitute
amendment (S.Amdt. 4856). The Byrd
amendment would clarify that any
authorization of the use of force against Iraq
would not alter the constitutional authority of
Congress to declare war. It also would clarify
that no additional authority not directly
related to a clear threat of imminent, sudden,
and direct attack on the United States be
granted to the President unless Congress
authorizes it.
Rejected in Senate
October 10, 2002
14-86
(vote #234)
S.Amdt. 4862 to
S.J.Res. 45
Levin amendment to the Lieberman substitute
amendment (S.Amdt. 4856). The Levin
amendment would authorize the use of force
against Iraq if it failed to comply with a new
U.N. resolution that demanded unrestricted
access for U.N. weapons inspectors in Iraq
and authorized the use of military force by
U.N. members to enforce the resolution.
Congress could return to session at any time
to promptly consider proposals related to
Iraq if the U.N. failed to adopt such a
resolution.
Rejected in Senate
October 10, 2002
24-75
(vote #235)
S.Amdt. 4865 to
S.J.Res. 45
Durbin amendment to the Lieberman
substitute amendment (S.Amdt. 4856). The
Durbin amendment would authorize the use
of military force to cover an “imminent
threat” by Iraq’s weapons of mass destruction,
rather than a “continuing threat” by Iraq.
Rejected in Senate
October 10, 2002
30-70
(vote #236)
S.Res. 95
A resolution commending the President and
the Armed Forces of the United States of
America in the conflict against Iraq.
Measure agreed to in
Senate
March 20, 2003
99-0
(vote #61)
H.Con.Res. 104
A concurrent resolution expressing the
support and appreciation of the nation for the
President and the members of the Armed
Forces who are participating in Operation
Iraqi Freedom.
Measure agreed to in
House
March 21, 2003
392-11
(vote #83)
Congressional Research Service
26
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
115th
S.Amdt. 871 to
S.Amdt. 1003 to
H.R. 2810
National Defense
Authorization Act,
FY 2018
Paul amendment would repeal the
Authorization for Use of Military Force
Against Iraq of 2002 (P.L. 107-243).3
Motion to table S.Amdt.
871 agreed to in Senate
61-36
Sept. 13, 2017
(vote #195)
116th
H.R.2500
National Defense
Authorization Act
for Fiscal Year 2020
§1270W “The Authorization for Use of
Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002
(P.L. 107-243) is repealed.”
Passed in House
July 12, 2019
220 - 197
(vote #473)
H.Amdt.555
to H.R.2500
An amendment numbered 424 printed in Part
B of House Report 116-143 to repeal the
Authorization for Use of Military Force
Against Iraq Resolution of 2002 (P.L. 107243).
On agreeing to the Lee
(CA) amendment (A049),
agreed to by House
July 12, 2019
242 - 180
(vote #464)
War in Iraq and Afghanistan (2001-present)
U.S. military operations against Al Qaeda and Taliban forces in Afghanistan proceeded pursuant
to the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force from October 2001 onward. U.S. military
operations in Iraq proceeded pursuant to the 2002 Authorization for Use of Military Force in Iraq
from March 2003 onward. On March 25, 2003, President George W. Bush requested $74.8 billion
in the FY2003 Emergency Supplemental for the ongoing military operations in Iraq, postwar
occupation, reconstruction and relief in Iraq, and international assistance to countries contributing
to the war in Iraq or the global war on terrorism. The cost of the continued U.S. presence in
Afghanistan and additional funds for homeland security were also included. H.R. 1559, enacted
into law as P.L. 108-11 on April 16, 2003, provided $78.49 billion in funding for these purposes.
The Senate passed H.R. 1559 in lieu of its version, S. 762, by unanimous consent.
On September 17, 2003, President Bush formally requested an additional $87 billion for the
ongoing military operations and for reconstruction assistance in Iraq, Afghanistan, and elsewhere.
H.R. 3289 (FY2004 supplemental appropriations for Iraq, Afghanistan, and the global war on
terrorism) was enacted into law as P.L. 108-106 on November 6, 2003, providing $87.5 billion in
funding. The House approved the conference agreement by a roll call vote on October 31, 2003,
and the Senate approved the conference agreement by voice vote on November 3, 2003. Earlier,
on October 17, 2003, the Senate had approved its own version of the measure, S. 1689, but
vitiated its passage and returned the bill to the Senate Calendar.
Related CRS products
CRS In Focus IF10404, Iraq, by Christopher M. Blanchard.
CRS Report R45025, Iraq: Background and U.S. Policy, by Christopher M. Blanchard.
3 "$692.1 Billion Defense Authorization Increases ‘End Strength,’ Adds Warships," CQ Almanac 2017, 73rd ed.,
Washington, DC: 2018, at http://library.cqpress.com/cqalmanac/cqal17-1942-108525-2911672. See text: “One of the
most contentious debates during the bill's consideration was over Paul's amendment that would have phased out the
2001 and 2002 Authorizations for the Use of Military Force. While the Senate voted, 61-36, to table (or kill) Paul's
amendment, the Senate's vote was its first on an AUMF in 15 years.”
Congressional Research Service
27
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
CRS Report R45818, Afghanistan: Background and U.S. Policy, by Clayton Thomas.
CRS In Focus IF10604, Terrorist Groups in Afghanistan, by Clayton Thomas.
[Archived] CRS Report R41070, Al Qaeda and Affiliates: Historical Perspective, Global
Presence, and Implications for U.S. Policy, coordinated by John W. Rollins
Congress
108th
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
H.R. 1559
(P.L. 108-11)
Emergency Wartime
Supplemental
Appropriations Act,
2003
A bill making emergency wartime
supplemental appropriations for the fiscal
year ending September 30, 2003, and for
other purposes.
Measure passed in
House
April 3, 2003
414-12
(vote #108)
Measure passed in
Senate in lieu of S. 762
April 7, 2003
(unanimous consent)
House adopted
conference report April
12, 2003
(voice vote)
Senate adopted
conference report April
12, 2003
(unanimous consent)
S. 762
Supplemental
Appropriations Act to
Support Department of
Defense Operations in
Iraq for Fiscal Year 2003
An original bill making supplemental
appropriations to support Department of
Defense operations in Iraq, Department
of Homeland Security, and related efforts
for the fiscal year ending September 30,
2003, and for other purposes.
Measure passed in
Senate
April 3, 2003
93-0
(vote #125)
Cochran motion to table the Hollings
amendment (S.Amdt. 479) that would
express the sense of the Senate that the
President should submit a report to the
Senate Finance Committee on a plan to
raise revenues to offset the funds in the
bill spent on the war with Iraq.
Motion agreed to in
Senate
April 3, 2003
79-18
(vote #121)
S.Amdt. 455 to S.
762
Kohl amendment to appropriate $600
million for food assistance to the people
of Iraq.
Agreed to in Senate
April 3, 2003
67-26
(vote #124)
H.R. 3289
(P.L. 108-106)
Emergency
Supplemental
Appropriations Act for
Defense and for the
Reconstruction of Iraq
and Afghanistan, 2004
A bill making emergency supplemental
appropriations for defense and for the
reconstruction of Iraq and Afghanistan
for the fiscal year ending September 30,
2004, and for other purposes.
Measure passed in
House
October 17, 2003
303-125
(vote #562)
Measure passed in
Senate with an
amendment
October 17, 2003
(unanimous consent)
House adopted
conference report
October 31, 2003
Congressional Research Service
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U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
298-121
(vote #601)
Senate adopted
conference report
November 3, 2003
(voice vote)
108th
H.Amdt. 409 to H.R.
3289
Obey amendment to provide funds for
quality of life enhancements for U.S.
servicemembers.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
October 16, 2003
200-226
(vote #546)
H.Amdt. 407 to H.R.
3289
Obey amendment to transfer $3.6 billion
in Iraq reconstruction funds for quality of
life enhancements for U.S.
servicemembers.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
October 16, 2003
209-216
(vote #547)
H.Amdt. 410 to H.R.
3289
Waxman amendment to reduce Iraqi
funding in the bill for the importation into
Iraq of petroleum products by $250
million.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
October 16, 2003
197-224
(vote #548)
H.Amdt. 411 to H.R.
3289
Kirk amendment to strike the provision
of the bill that would allow
noncompetitive contracts to be reported
to Congress seven days after the contract
has been awarded in certain
circumstances; executive agencies would
be required to inform Congress of “nobid” contracts before they are offered.
Agreed to in Committee
of the Whole
October 16, 2003
405-20
(vote #549)
H.Amdt. 415 to H.R.
3289
Holt amendment to strike $900 million
from the bill for importing petroleum
products into Iraq.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
October 16, 2003
169-256
(vote #551)
H.Amdt. 421 to H.R.
3289
Sanchez amendment to bar the Secretary
of Defense from carrying out military
construction projects in excess of $1.5
million outside Iraq without prior
notification to Congress.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
October 16, 2003
128-295
(vote #552)
H.Amdt. 422 to H.R.
3289
Kind amendment to reduce
reconstruction funds for Iraq in the bill by
50%.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
October 17, 2003
156-267
(vote #553)
H.Amdt. 423 to H.R.
3289
Stupak amendment to increase military
pay in the bill by $265 million to cover
$1,500 bonuses for each servicemember
in Iraq and Afghanistan in FY2004.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
October 17, 2003
213-213
(vote #554)
H.Amdt. 431 to H.R.
3289
Sherman amendment to require
competitive bidding procedures for all
Agreed to in Committee
of the Whole
October 17, 2003
Congressional Research Service
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U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
Bill and Title
Votes
government contracts relating to Iraq’s
oil infrastructure.
248-179
(vote #557)
Obey motion to instruct House
conferees to insist on provisions in the
Senate bill that would structure $10
billion of the $20.3 billion in
reconstruction aid to Iraq in the form of
loans subject to certain conditions (and
for other purposes).
Motion agreed to in
House
October 21, 2003
277-139
(vote #567)
Obey motion to recommit the
conference report to the conference
committee with instructions that it be
reported back to the House with
provisions that would put half the
reconstruction aid to Iraq in the form of
loans (and for other purposes).
Motion rejected in the
House
October 31, 2003
198-221
(vote #600)
S. 1689
Emergency
Supplemental
Appropriations for Iraq
and Afghanistan Security
and Reconstruction Act,
2004
An original bill making emergency
supplemental appropriations for Iraq and
Afghanistan security and reconstruction
for the fiscal year ending September 30,
2004, and for other purposes.
Measure passed in
Senate
October 17, 2003
87-12
(vote #400)
S.Amdt. 1794 to
S. 1689
Byrd amendment to eliminate $15.2
billion of the $20.3 billion allocated for
Iraqi reconstruction efforts. The
remaining $5.1 billion would be used for
security, including public safety
requirement, national security, and justice
purposes.
Rejected in Senate
October 1, 2003
38-59
(vote #371)
S.Amdt. 1795 to
S. 1689
McConnell amendment to express the
sense of the Senate thanking U.S. troops
serving in Iraq and Afghanistan and
extending condolences to the families of
those who have been killed or injured.
Agreed to in Senate
October 2, 2003
98-1
(vote #372)
S. 1689
Stevens motion to table the Biden
amendment (S.Amdt. 1796) that would
offset Iraqi reconstruction costs by
eliminating income tax cuts enacted in
2001 for the top 1% of earners.
Motion agreed to in
Senate
October 2, 2003
57-42
(vote #373)
Stevens motion to table the Leahy
amendment (S.Amdt. 1803) that would
remove the Coalition Provisional
Authority in Iraq from Defense
Department control and place it under
the jurisdiction of the State Department
within 60 days after the bill’s enactment.
Motion agreed to in
Senate
October 2, 2003
56-42
(vote #374)
Stevens motion to table the Dodd
amendment (S.Amdt. 1817) that would
spend an additional $322 million on
battlefield clearance and safety equipment
for U.S. troops in Iraq. The money would
Motion agreed to in
Senate
October 2, 2003
49-37
(vote #376)
H.R. 3289
108th
Description and Comments
Congressional Research Service
30
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
be offset by a reduction in Iraqi
reconstruction funds.
108th
108th
Division I of the Bingaman amendment
(S.Amdt. 1830) would authorize the
Defense Department to award the Iraqi
Liberation Medal to any person who
served in any capacity in the Armed
Forces in Southwest Asia in connection
with “Operation Iraqi Freedom.”
Rejected in Senate
October 14, 2003
47-48
(vote #378)
Stevens motion to table the Stabenow
amendment (S.Amdt. 1823) that would
reduce the amount provided for Iraqi
reconstruction by $5.03 billion and
redirect that funding for domestic
programs. Also would express the sense
of the Senate that Congress should
consider an additional $5.03 billion in
funding for Iraqi reconstruction during
the fiscal 2005 budget and appropriations
process.
Motion agreed to in
Senate
October 14, 2003
59-35
(vote #379)
Stevens motion to table the Dorgan
amendment (S.Amdt. 1826) that would
strike $20.3 billion in appropriations for
Iraqi reconstruction funds and require
the President to direct the head of the
Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq to
establish an Iraq Reconstruction Finance
Authority to collateralize “the revenue
from future sales of oil extracted in Iraq.”
Motion agreed to in
Senate
October 14, 2003
57-39
(vote #380)
Stevens motion to table the Reed
amendment (S.Amdt. 1834) that would
authorize an additional 10,000 in Army
personnel. Additional personnel would be
required to be trained, incorporated into
an appropriate force structure, and used
for constabulary duty such as military
police and light infantry. It would also
require that $409 million be made
available from the Iraqi Freedom Fund to
fund the additional personnel.
Motion rejected in
Senate
October 14, 2003
45-52
(vote #382)
S.Amdt. 1846 to
S. 1689
Byrd amendment to require the Coalition
Provisional Authority (CPA) to report to
Congress quarterly on the costs related
to reconstruction activities and the
revenue provided by foreign nations and
international organizations. It would also
require the Comptroller General to
conduct an ongoing audit of the CPA to
evaluate the reconstruction and security
activities in Iraq. (Title II of H.R. 3289
[P.L. 108-106] established the CPA
Office of Inspector General).
Agreed to in Senate
October 15, 2003
97-0
(vote #383)
S.Amdt. 1806 to
S. 1689
Graham amendment to express the sense
of Congress that the removal of the
government of Iraq under Saddam
Agreed to in Senate
October 15, 2003
Congressional Research Service
31
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
Bill and Title
Votes
Hussein has enhanced the security of
Israel and other U.S. allies. It was not
included in the final measure, H.R. 3289.
95-2
(vote #384)
Stevens motion to table the Byrd
amendment (S.Amdt. 1818) that would
appropriate $5.1 billion in security
funding immediately and up to $5 billion
for Iraqi reconstruction funding before
April 1. The remaining $10.2 billion in
reconstruction funding could be released
after April 1 as part of a separate
appropriations bill—but only if the United
Nations had adopted a new resolution
authorizing a multinational military force
under U.S. leadership in Iraq, with U.N.
leadership in political and economic
reconstruction. The President would also
be required to provide a detailed
reconstruction plan that includes an
estimated schedule for the transfer of
sovereignty to the Iraqi people and the
withdrawal of troops.
Motion agreed to in
Senate
October 16, 2003
57-42
(vote #385)
Stevens motion to table the Lautenberg
amendment (S.Amdt. 1868) that would
prohibit the use of Iraqi reconstruction
funds for any contact or financial
agreement with an entity that pays
deferred compensation to the President,
Vice President, or a Cabinet-level official,
or any entity in which the President, Vice
President, or Cabinet-level official holds
options to purchase more than 1,000
shares of stock.
Motion agreed to in
Senate
October 16, 2003
65-34
(vote #386)
S.Amdt. 1874 to
S. 1689
McConnell amendment to express the
sense of the Senate that the Secretary of
Defense should issue necessary
regulations to implement and begin
awarding the Global War on Terrorism
Medal to members of the Armed Forces
serving in Operation Iraqi Freedom,
Operation Enduring Freedom, and
Operation Noble Eagle.
Agreed to in Senate
October 16, 2003
97-1
(vote #387)
S.Amdt. 1876 to
S. 1689
Nickles amendment to express the sense
of the Senate that all countries that hold
debt from loans for the former Iraqi
regime of Saddam Hussein should be
urged to forgive their debt. (§2215(b) of
H.R. 3289 [P.L. 108-106] includes
reporting requirements on Iraqi debt).
Agreed to in Senate
October 16, 2003
98-0
(vote #388)
S.Amdt. 1871 to
S. 1689
Bayh amendment to provide a total of
$10.3 billion as a grant to rebuild Iraq,
including $5.1 billion for security and $5.2
billion for reconstruction costs. The
remaining $10 billion would be
structured as a loan to be converted to a
Agreed to in Senate
October 16, 2003
51-47
(vote #389)
S. 1689
108th
Description and Comments
Congressional Research Service
32
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
grant if 90% of all bilateral debt incurred
by the former Iraqi regime of Saddam
Hussein has been forgiven by other
countries (and for other related
purposes).
Conferees did not include the measure in
the conference report on H.R. 3289
(P.L. 108-106).
S.Amdt. 1837 to
S. 1689
Durbin amendment to require that a
federal employee who takes leave
without pay in order to perform certain
service as a member of the uniformed
service or the National Guard, be
reimbursed for the difference between
their salary and the pay and allowances
they receive while on duty.
Agreed to in Senate
October 17, 2003
96-3
(vote #390)
S. 1689
Stevens motion to table the Daschle
amendment (S.Amdt. 1854) that would
require the President to certify that
future appropriations which exceed the
amount in the bill are equal to or
exceeded by contributions by the
international community. The
requirement could be waived if the
President provides a report to Congress
that determines the funding serves U.S.
national security interests.
Motion agreed to in
Senate
October 17, 2003
55-44
(vote #391)
Stevens motion to table the Landrieu
amendment (S.Amdt. 1859) that would
require the President to direct the head
of the Coalition Provisional Authority in
Iraq to establish an Iraq Reconstruction
Finance Authority. The Authority would
be required to obtain financing for the
reconstruction of Iraq’s infrastructure
through the issuance of securities and
loans and by collateralizing future
revenue from its oil reserves.
Motion agreed to in
Senate
October 17, 2003
52-47
(vote #392)
S.Amdt. 1843
to S. 1689
Boxer amendment to reimburse
servicemembers who paid for meals
while hospitalized as a result of injuries
or illness while in combat or training
since September 11, 2001.
Agreed to in Senate
October 17, 2003
99-0
(vote #393)
S. 1689
Stevens motion to table the Corzine
amendment (S.Amdt. 1882) that would
establish a 12-member independent,
bipartisan commission to examine and
report on the role of policymakers in the
development and use of intelligence
related to Iraq and Operation Iraqi
Freedom. The amendment would
authorize $5 million for the commission.
Motion agreed to in
Senate
October 17, 2003
67-32
(vote #395)
Stevens motion to table the Byrd
amendment (S.Amdt. 1819) that would
Motion agreed to in
Senate
108th
Congressional Research Service
33
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
limit the use of reconstruction funds for
certain programs and projects, reduce
reconstruction funding by $1.65 billion,
and reallocate the funds to other
purposes, such as destroying
conventional weapons in Iraq and
accelerating reconstruction in
Afghanistan.
October 17, 2003
51-47
(vote #396)
Stevens motion to table the Byrd
amendment (S.Amdt. 1886) that would
prohibit the use of funds in the bill for the
involuntary deployment overseas for
Operation Iraqi Freedom of members of
the National Guard and Reserves who
have been involuntarily deployed for six
months or more during the past six
years.
Motion agreed to in
Senate
October 17, 2003
82-15
(vote #397)
Stevens motion to table the Byrd
amendment (S.Amdt. 1888) that would
strike a provision in the bill that allows
the President to reallocate funds for the
reconstruction of Iraq and insert a
provision that would require the
President to seek additional funding in
subsequent appropriations bills.
Motion agreed to in
Senate
October 17, 2003
49-46
(vote #398)
Stevens motion to table the Brownback
amendment (S.Amdt. 1885) that would
decrease the amount in the bill for Iraqi
reconstruction by $600 million and
increase the amount available to the Iraqi
Civil Defense Corps by $50 million (and
for other purposes).
Motion agreed to in
Senate
October 17, 2003
55-43
(vote #399)
H.Res. 557
Commends the members of the U.S.
Armed Forces and Coalition forces for
liberating Iraq and expresses its gratitude
for their valiant service.
Agreed to in House
March 17, 2004
327-93
(vote #64)
H.Res. 627
Condemns abuse of persons in in U.S.
custody in Iraq and expresses
appreciation to the members of the U.S.
Armed Forces who have served, or are
serving, in Operation Iraqi Freedom.
Agreed to in House
May 6, 2004
365-50
(vote #150)
S. 2400
(P.L. 108-375)
Ronald W. Reagan
National Defense
Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 2005.
Authorizes the Secretary, during FY2005
through 2009, to increase as necessary by
up to 30,000 the end strength authorized
for the Army to support the Army’s
operational mission in Iraq and
Afghanistan and to achieve Army
transformational reorganization
objectives. Requires a fiscal year’s budget
to be amended to reflect any such
increase. Authorizes supplemental
appropriations of $25 billion for the
Department of Defense for FY2005, to
be available only for activities in support
Measure passed in
Senate
June 23, 2004
97-0
(vote #146)
Congressional Research Service
34
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
of operations in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Allocates such funds among specified
military department and defense-wide
accounts. Allows such authorization only
to the extent that a budget request is
transmitted from the President to
Congress that includes a designation of
the requested amount as an emergency
and essential to support activities in such
countries. Provides certain transfer
authority limits. Directs the Secretary to
report monthly to the defense and
appropriations committees on the use of
such authorized funds.
108th
S.Amdt. 3260
to S. 2400
Warner amendment to authorize
appropriations for the Department of
Defense for FY2005, $25 billion, to be
available only for activities in support of
operations in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Agreed to in Senate
June 2, 2004
95-0
(vote #106)
S.Amdt. 3379
to S. 2400
Biden amendment to provide funds for
the security and stabilization of Iraq by
suspending a portion of the reduction in
the highest income tax rate for individual
taxpayers.
Rejected by Senate
June 17, 2004
44-53
(vote #130)
H.Res. 691
Expresses gratitude to the U.S. Armed
Forces for their ongoing valiant service to
their country; offers continued support
to the U.S. Armed Forces; and reaffirms
that the U.S. Armed Forces operating in
Iraq after June 30, 2004, will remain
under the full authority and control of
their American commanders.
Measure agreed to in
House
June 25, 2004
352-57
(vote #319)
H.R. 4613
(P.L. 108-287)
Department of Defense
Appropriations Act,
2005.
Appropriates additional funds, to be
designated for overseas contingency
operations, to the Department of
Defense for military personnel, operation
and maintenance, and procurement
(including National Guard and reserve
equipment).
Byrd amendment (S.Amdt. 3502)
included as §8135.
Measure passed in
House
June 25, 2004
410-12
(vote #418)
Byrd amendment to express the sense of
the Senate that any request for funds for
a fiscal year for an ongoing military
operation overseas, including operations
in Afghanistan and Iraq, should be
included in the annual budget of the
President; and that any funds provided
for such a military operation should be
provided in appropriations Acts for such
fiscal year through appropriations to
specific accounts set forth in such acts.
Agreed to in Senate
June 24, 2004
89-9
(vote #147)
S.Amdt. 3502 to H.R.
4613
Congressional Research Service
Measure passed Senate
July 22, 2004
96-0
(vote #163)
35
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
109th
109th
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
H.R. 4200
(P.L. 108-375)
Ronald W. Reagan
National Defense
Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 2005
Authorizes the Secretary of Defense,
during FY2005 through 2009, to increase,
by up to 30,000 for the Army and 9,000
for the Marine Corps, the end strength
authorized to support operational
missions in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Authorizes, during FY2005, the use of up
to $300 million from the Department of
Defense O&M funds to provide funds for
the Commanders’ Emergency Response
Program for enabling military
commanders in Iraq to respond to urgent
humanitarian relief and reconstruction
requirements, and for a similar program
to assist the people of Afghanistan.
Measure passed in
House
October 9, 2004
359-14
(vote #528)
H.R. 1268
(P.L. 109-13)
Emergency
Supplemental
Appropriations Act for
Defense, the Global
War on Terror, and
Tsunami Relief, 2005
Provides funds for ongoing military
operations in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Expresses the sense of the Senate that (1)
any request for funds for a fiscal year
after 2006 for an ongoing military
operation overseas, including those in
Afghanistan and Iraq, should be included
in the annual budget of the President
submitted to Congress; (2) the President
should submit to Congress an
amendment to the 2006 budget setting
forth detailed cost estimates for such
operations; and (3) any funds for such
purposes should be provided in
appropriations Acts through
appropriations to specific accounts.
Requires additional information
concerning such operations, including
Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi
Freedom, to be included in reports
required under both the Emergency
Supplemental Appropriations Act for
Defense and for the Reconstruction of
Iraq and Afghanistan, 2004, and the
Department of Defense Appropriations
Act, 2005.
Includes Byrd amendment (S.Amdt.
464) as §1024, expressing sense of the
Senate.
Conference report
adopted by House
May 5, 2005
368-58
(vote #161)
S.Amdt. 464 to H.R.
1268
Byrd amendment that states that it is the
sense of the Senate that any request for
funds after FY2006 for an ongoing
military operation overseas, including
operations in Afghanistan and Iraq, should
be included in the President’s annual
budget.
Agreed to in the Senate
April 18, 2005
61-31
(vote #96)
H.Amdt. 214 to H.R.
1815
Woolsey amendment to express the
sense of Congress that the President
should develop a plan for the withdrawal
of U.S. military forces from Iraq and
Rejected in House
May 25, 2005
128-300
(vote #220)
Congressional Research Service
Votes
Senate agreed to
conference report by
unanimous consent
October 9, 2004
Conference report
adopted by Senate
May 10, 2005
100-0
(vote #117)
36
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
109th
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
National Defense
Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 2006
submit this plan to the congressional
defense committees.
H.Res. 383
Commends U.S. and coalition forces for
liberating the Iraqi people from the
repressive regime of Saddam Hussein and
for their ongoing efforts in support of
Iraq’s freedom and stability.
Measure agreed to in
House
July 27, 2005
426-0
(vote #438)
S. 1042
National Defense
Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 2006
Authorizes emergency supplemental
appropriations to the Department of
Defense for FY2006 for operations in
Iraq, Afghanistan, and the global war on
terrorism.
Measure passed in
Senate
November 15, 2005
98-0
(vote #326)
S.Amdt. 2518 to S.
1042
Warner amendment to clarify and
recommend changes to the policy of the
United States on Iraq. States that
calendar year 2006 should be a period of
significant transition to full Iraqi
sovereignty, with Iraqi security forces
taking the lead for the security of a free
and sovereign Iraq, thereby creating the
conditions for the phased redeployment
of U.S. forces from Iraq, and that U.S.
military forces should not stay in Iraq any
longer than required.
Amendment was amended in conference
(see H.Rept. 109-360) and included as
§1227 of H.R. 1815 (P.L. 109-163).
Agreed to in Senate
November 15, 2005
79-19
(vote #323)
S.Amdt. 2519 to S.
1042
Levin amendment to clarify and
recommend changes to the policy of the
United States on Iraq. States that
calendar year 2006 should be a period of
significant transition to full Iraqi
sovereignty, with Iraqi security forces
taking the lead for the security of a free
and sovereign Iraq, thereby creating the
conditions for the phased redeployment
of U.S. forces from Iraq, and that U.S.
military forces should not stay in Iraq
indefinitely.
Rejected in Senate
November 15, 2005
40-58
(vote #322)
H.Res. 571
Expresses the sense of the House of
Representatives that the deployment of
U.S. forces in Iraq be terminated
immediately.
Measure rejected in
House
November 18, 2005
3-403
(vote #608)
H.Res. 612
Expresses the commitment of the House
of Representatives to achieving victory in
Iraq.
Measure agreed to in
House
December 16, 2005
279-109
(vote #648)
H.R. 2863
Department of Defense
Appropriates additional funds, to be
designated for contingency operations
related to the global war on terrorism.
Measure agreed to in
House
December 19, 2005
Congressional Research Service
37
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
Bill and Title
Appropriations Act,
2006
H.R. 4939
(P.L. 109-234)
Emergency
Supplemental
Appropriations Act for
Defense, the Global
War on Terror, and
Hurricane Recovery,
2006
H.R. 5122
(P.L. 109-364)
John Warner National
Defense Authorization
Act for Fiscal Year 2007
Congressional Research Service
Description and Comments
Votes
Authorizes amounts for operations in
Iraq and Afghanistan to be used for the
purchase of heavy and light armored
vehicles. Allows operation and
maintenance funds appropriated in this
title to be used to provide supplies,
services, transportation, and other
logistical support to coalition forces
supporting military and stability
operations in Iraq and Afghanistan.
308-106
(vote #669)
Prohibits the use of funds under this title
to establish permanent U.S. military bases
in Iraq, or to exercise U.S. control over
Iraqi oil infrastructure or resources.
Makes emergency supplemental
appropriations to the Department of
Defense for: military personnel;
operation and maintenance; the
Afghanistan Security Forces Fund; the
Iraq Security Forces Fund; the Iraq
Freedom Fund; the Joint Improvised
Explosive Device Defeat Fund;
procurement; research, development,
test and evaluation.
Expresses the sense of the Senate that (1)
any request for funds for a fiscal year
after 2007 for ongoing military operations
in Afghanistan and Iraq should be
included in the annual budget of the
President submitted to Congress; (2)
such request should include a detailed
justification of anticipated uses of the
funds; and (3) any funds provided in a
fiscal year for ongoing military operations
overseas should be provided in
appropriations Acts through
appropriations to specific accounts.
Measure passed House
March 16, 2006
348-71
(vote #65)
Title XV authorizes estimated future
emergency supplemental appropriations
for the Department of Defense for
FY2007 to provide funds for additional
costs due to Operation Iraqi Freedom
and Operation Enduring Freedom.
Measure passed in
House
May 11, 2006
396-31
(vote #145)
Measure passed in
Senate (with
amendment)
June 22, 2006
(unanimous consent)
Conference report
adopted by House
September 29, 2006
398-23
(vote #510)
Conference report
adopted by Senate
Measure agreed to in
Senate
December 21, 2005
93-0
(vote #366)
Measure passed in
Senate
May 4, 2006
77-21
(vote #112)
House adopted
conference report
June 13, 2006
351-67
(vote #257)
Senate adopted
conference report
June 15, 2006
98-1
(vote #171)
38
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
September 30, 2006
(unanimous consent)
109th
110th
H.R. 5631
(P.L. 109-289)
Department of Defense
Appropriations Act,
2007
Title IX authorizes the Secretary of
Defense to use specified Operations &
Maintenance funds to support U.S.
military operations in Iraq and
Afghanistan.
Measure passed in
House
June 20, 2006
407-19
(vote #305)
Measure passed in
Senate (amended)
September 7, 2006
98-0
(vote #239)
Conference report
adopted by House
September 26, 2006
394-22
(vote #486)
Conference report
adopted by Senate
September 29, 2006
100-0
(vote #261)
H.Res. 861
Declares that it is not in the national
security interest of the United States to
set an arbitrary date for withdrawal or
redeployment of United States Armed
Forces from Iraq.
Measure agreed to in
House
June 16, 2006
256-153
(vote #288)
S.Amdt. 4320
to S. 2766
John Warner National
Defense Authorization
Act for Fiscal Year 2007
Levin amendment expressing the sense of
Congress that the President should begin
phased redeployment of United States
forces from Iraq in 2006.
Rejected in Senate
June 22, 2006
39-60
(vote #182)
S.Amdt. 4442
to S. 2766
John Warner National
Defense Authorization
Act for Fiscal Year 2007
Kerry amendment to require the
redeployment of United States Armed
Forces from Iraq by July 1, 2007.
Rejected in Senate
June 22, 2006
13-86
(vote #181)
H.R. 1
(P.L. 110-53)
Implementing the 9/11
Commission
Recommendations Act
of 2007
(§2041) The United States shall
vigorously support the government of
Afghanistan by providing increased
assistance and the continued deployment
of U.S. troops as long as the Afghan
government supports such U.S.
involvement.
Measure agreed to in
House
January 9, 2007
299-128
(vote #15)
Passed Senate with an
amendment by
unanimous consent
July 9, 2007
Conference report
agreed to in Senate
July 26, 2007
85-5
(vote #284)
Congressional Research Service
39
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
Conference report
agreed to in House
July 27, 2007
371-40
(vote #757)
S.Con.Res. 2
Expresses the sense of Congress that it is
not in the U.S. national interest to
deepen its military involvement in Iraq,
particularly by increasing the U.S. military
presence in Iraq.
Failure to invoke cloture
in Senate
February 1, 2007
0-97
(vote #43)
S. 470
Expresses the sense of Congress that the
Senate disagrees with the plan to
augment U.S. forces in Iraq by 21,500 and
that Congress should not take any action
that endangers U.S. military forces in the
field.
Failure to invoke cloture
in Senate February 5,
2007
49-47
(vote #44)
H.Con.Res. 63
Disapproving of the decision of the
President announced on January 10, 2007,
to deploy more than 20,000 additional
United States combat troop to Iraq.
Measure agreed to in
House
February 16, 2007
246-182
(vote #99)
S. 574
Expresses the sense of Congress that
Congress and the American people will
continue to support and protect U.S.
Armed Forces members who are serving
in Iraq; Congress disapproves of
President Bush’s decision announced on
January 10, 2007, to deploy over 20,000
additional U.S. combat troops to Iraq.
Failure to invoke cloture
in Senate
February 17, 2007
56-34
(vote #51)
S.J.Res. 9
Directs the President to begin the phased
redeployment of U.S. forces from Iraq
within 120 days of enactment of this joint
resolution with the goal of redeploying by
March 31, 2008, all U.S. combat forces
from Iraq.
Measure rejected in
Senate
March 15, 2007
48-50
(vote #75)
S.Res. 107
Declares that the President and Congress
should not take any action that will
endanger U.S. Armed Forces; and will
provide necessary funds for training,
equipment, and other support for troops
in the field.
Measure agreed to in
Senate
March 15, 2007
96-2
(vote #76)
S.Con.Res. 20
Expresses the sense of Congress that
Congress should not take any action that
will endanger U.S. military forces in the
field, including the elimination or
reduction of funds for troops in the field.
Agreed to in Senate
March 15, 2007
82-16
(vote #77)
H.R. 1591
U.S. Troop Readiness,
Veterans’ Care, Katrina
Recovery, and Iraq
Accountability
Makes emergency supplemental
appropriations for the Department of
Defense for FY2007 for contingency
operations directly related to the global
war on terror.
Measure passed in
House
March 23, 2007
218-212
(vote #186)
Congressional Research Service
40
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
Bill and Title
Appropriations Act,
2007
110th
Description and Comments
Votes
Prohibits any funds from being obligated
or expended by the U.S. government to
establish any military installation or base
for the permanent stationing of U.S.
Armed Forces in Iraq.
Prohibits funds from being used to deploy
any unit of the Armed Forces to Iraq
unless the chief of the military
department concerned has certified that
such unit is fully mission capable.
Prohibits funds from being used to
initiate, execute, or continue any order
that has the effect of extending the
deployment for Operation Iraqi Freedom
of any unit of the Army, Army Reserve,
or Army National Guard beyond 365
days; or Marine Corps or Marine Corps
Reserve beyond 210 days.
Outlines specified determinations,
relating to actions of the government of
Iraq, which must be made by the
President to Congress on or before July
1, 2007. Requires that, if the President
fails to make any of the determinations,
the Secretary of Defense shall commence
the redeployment of U.S. Armed Forces
from Iraq no later than such date, with a
goal of completing such redeployment
within 180 days. Requires that, if the
President makes all such determinations,
the Secretary shall commence such
redeployment no later than October 1,
2007, with a goal of completing that
redeployment within 180 days.
Makes funds immediately available to plan
and execute a safe and orderly
redeployment.
Measure passed in
Senate
March 29, 2007
51-47
(vote #126)
S.Amdt. 643
to H.R. 1591
To strike language that would tie the
hands of the Commander-in-Chief by
imposing an arbitrary timetable for the
withdrawal of U.S. forces from Iraq.
Rejected in Senate
March 27, 2007
48-50
(vote #116)
H.R. 1591
Motion to instruct House conferees to
include language insisting on Housepassed provisions concerning
redeployment of U.S. troops in Iraq and
restrictions on their use in Iraq after
redeployment.
Motion agreed to
April 19, 2007
215-199
(vote #235)
H.R. 2237
Requires the Secretary of Defense to
commence the redeployment of U.S.
forces deployed in Iraq and prohibits any
funds from being used to further deploy
U.S. forces to Iraq after completion of
the redeployment.
Measure failed of
passage in House
May 10, 2007
171-255
(vote #330)
H.R. 2206
(P.L. 110-28)
Makes emergency supplemental
appropriations for the Department of
Measure passed in
House
Congressional Research Service
Conference report
adopted by House
April 25, 2007
218-208
(vote #265)
Conference report
adopted by Senate
April 26, 2007
51-46
(vote #147)
House failed to override
veto
May 2, 2007
222-203
(vote #276)
41
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
110th
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
U.S. Troop Readiness,
Veterans’ Care, Katrina
Recovery, and Iraq
Accountability
Appropriations Act,
2007
Defense for FY2007. Requires the
President to direct the orderly
redeployment of U.S. forces from Iraq if
the components of the Iraqi government
reach a consensus directing a
redeployment of U.S. Forces. Makes
findings regarding progress in Iraq,
establishes benchmarks to measure
progress, and requires related reports.
Prohibits any funds from being obligated
or expended by the U.S. government to
establish any military installation or base
for the permanent stationing of U.S.
Armed Forces in Iraq.
May 10, 2007
221-205
(vote #333)
Measure passed in
Senate by voice vote
May 17, 2007
Motion to concur in
House amendments
agreed to in Senate
May 24, 2007
80-14
(vote #181)
S.Amdt. 1098 to
S.Amdt. 1097, H.R.
1495
Water Resources
Development Act of
2007
Directs the President to commence the
redeployment of U.S. forces from Iraq
within 120 days. No funds may be
obligated or expended to continue the
deployment in Iraq of members of the
U.S. Armed Forces after March 31, 2008.
Failure to invoke cloture
in Senate
May 16, 2007
29-67
(vote #167)
S.Amdt. 1134 to H.R.
1495
Water Resources
Development Act of
2007
Requires the President to withhold
funding for military operations in Iraq if
the Iraqi government fails to meet certain
benchmarks. The President could waive
the requirement by submitting a written
justification to Congress.
Failure to invoke cloture
in Senate May 16, 2007
52-44
(vote #168)
H.R. 1585
National Defense
Authorization Act for
Fiscal Year 2008
Amends the Warner Act to make
permanent the prohibition on the
establishment of permanent military
installations in Iraq. Authorizes
appropriations for the Department of
Defense for FY2008 to provide additional
funds for Operations Iraqi Freedom and
Enduring Freedom.
Measure passed in
House
May 17, 2007
397-27
(vote #373)
Passed Senate with an
amendment
October 1, 2007
92 – 3
(vote #359)
House agreed to
conference report
December 12, 2007
370-49
(vote #1151)
Senate agreed to
conference report
December 14, 2007
90-3
(vote #433)
H.Amdt. 186 to H.R.
1585
Andrews amendment to forbid funds
authorized in the bill for the Iraq and
Afghanistan wars from being used to plan
a contingency operation in Iran.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
May 16, 2007
202-216
(vote #364)
Congressional Research Service
Votes
42
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
110th
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
H.Amdt. 187 to H.R.
1585
DeFazio amendment states that no prior
law authorizes the use of military force
against Iran, and prohibits the use of
funds authorized in the Act or any other
law from being used to carry out military
action against Iran unless specifically
authorized by Congress or in the case of
a national emergency caused by a direct
attack by Iran on the United States.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
May 16, 2007
136-288
(vote #365)
S.Amdt. 2012 to
S.Amdt. 2011 to H.R.
1585
Webb amendment specifies minimum
periods between deployment of units and
members of the Armed Forces for
Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation
Enduring Freedom.
Failure to invoke cloture
in Senate
July 11, 2007
56-41
(vote #241)
S.Amdt. 2032 to
S.Amdt. 2011 to H.R.
1585
Hagel amendment to limit the length of
deployment of members of the Armed
Forced for Operation Iraqi Freedom.
Rejected in Senate
July 11, 2007
52-45
(vote #243)
S.Amdt. 2078
to H.R. 1585
Graham amendment to express the sense
of Congress that the time between
extended operational deployments of
members of the Armed Forces should be
no less than 12 months for regular forces
and no less than 5 years for reserve
forces.
Rejected in Senate
July 11, 2007
41-55
(vote #244)
S.Amdt. 2087 to
S.Amdt. 2011 to H.R.
1585
Levin amendment to mandate a
drawdown and redeployment of U.S.
forces in Iraq, with certain exceptions, by
the end of April 2008, with redeployment
beginning within 120 days of enactment.
Failure to invoke cloture
in Senate
July 18, 2007
52-47
(vote #252)
S.Amdt. 2924 to
S.Amdt. 2011 to H.R.
1585
Feingold amendment to require
redeployment of most U.S. troops from
Iraq beginning within 90 days of
enactment, and bars use of funds for
deployment of U.S. servicemembers to
Iraq after June 30, 2008, with certain
exceptions.
Rejected in Senate
September 20, 2007
28-70
(vote #345)
S.Amdt. 2898 to
S.Amdt. 2011 to H.R.
1585
Levin amendment to require reduction of
U.S. forces in Iraq within 90 days of
enactment and within nine months of
enactment, the transition of U.S. forces in
Iraq to a limited presence for certain
specified types of missions.
Rejected in Senate
September 21, 2007
47-47
(vote #346)
H.R. 2956
Directs the Secretary of Defense to
commence the reduction of the number
of Armed Forces in Iraq beginning within
120 days and complete the reduction and
transition to a limited presence in Iraq by
no later than April 1, 2008.
Measure passed in
House
July 12, 2007
223-201
(vote #624)
H.R. 2929
Declares that it is the policy of the
United States not to establish any military
installation or base providing for the
Measure passed in
House
July 25, 2007
Congressional Research Service
43
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
110th
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
permanent stationing of U.S. Armed
Forces in Iraq.
399-24
(vote #717)
H.R. 3159
Prohibits any unit of the regular Armed
Forces from being deployed for
Operation Iraqi Freedom unless the
period between the most recent previous
deployment and a subsequent
deployment is equal to or longer than the
period of the most recent previous
deployment. Expresses the sense of
Congress that the optimal minimum
period between such deployments should
be equal to or longer than twice the
period of the most recent previous
deployment.
Measure passed in
House
August 2, 2007
229-194
(vote #796)
H.R. 3222
Department of Defense
Appropriations Act,
2008
(§8113) “None of the funds appropriated
or otherwise made available by this or
any other Act shall be obligated or
expended by the United States
Government ... to establish any military
installation or base for the purpose of
providing for the permanent stationing of
United States Armed Forces in Iraq.”
(§8116) “Any request for funds for a fiscal
year after FY2008 for an ongoing military
operation overseas, including operations
in Afghanistan and Iraq, shall be included
in the annual budget of the President for
such fiscal year as submitted to
Congress.”
Measure passed in
House
August 5, 2007
395-13
(vote #846)
Passed in Senate with
amendment by voice
vote
October 3, 2007
Conference report
agreed to in House
November 8, 2007
400-15
(vote #1064)
Conference report
agreed to in Senate by
voice vote
H.R. 3087
A bill to require the Secretary of Defense
to submit to the congressional defense
committees a report describing the status
of planning for redeployment of U.S.
forces from Iraq. Report to be due within
60 days of enactment and every 90 days
thereafter.
Motion to suspend the
rules and pass the bill
agreed to in House
October 2, 2007
377-46
(vote #927)
H.R. 4156
Iraq War Supplemental
Appropriations
A provision would require U.S. troops to
begin withdrawing from Iraq within 30
days of enactment and most troops to be
withdrawn by December 15, 2008.
Motion to recommit the
bill to committee with
instructions it be
reported back
immediately after
striking troop
withdrawal provisions
rejected in House
November 14, 2007
192-231
(vote #1107)
Measure passed in
House
Congressional Research Service
44
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
110th
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
November 14, 2007
218-203
(vote #1108)
Failure to invoke cloture
in Senate November 16,
2007 53-45
(vote #411)
By unanimous consent,
it was agreed to raise
the majority
requirement for
adoption of the
amendment to 60 votes.
Amendment 3875 was
subsequently withdrawn.
S.Amdt. 3874 agreed to
in Senate
December 18, 2007
70-25
(vote #439)
S.Amdt. 3875 rejected in
Senate
December 18, 2007, 2471
(vote #437)
By unanimous consent,
it was agreed to raise
the majority
requirement for
adoption of the
amendment to 60 votes.
Amendment 3876 was
subsequently withdrawn.
Rejected in Senate
December 18, 2007
50-45
(vote #438)
S.Amdt 3875 to
S.Amdt. 3874 to H.R.
2764
Omnibus
Appropriations for
FY2008
Feingold amendment would require
phased redeployment of U.S. troops from
Iraq within 90 days after enactment and
bar use of funds for deployment nine
months after enactment, with certain
specified exceptions. Amendment 3874
would replace the $31 billion in funding
for the Afghanistan war included in the
bill with $70 billion available for
unrestricted use in conducting the wars
in Iraq and Afghanistan.
S.Amdt. 3876 to
S.Amdt. 3874 to H.R.
2764
Omnibus
Appropriations for
FY2008
Levin amendment expressed the sense of
Congress that the missions of U.S.
Armed Forces in Iraq should be of a
more limited nature, with the goal of
transition to full Iraqi control by the end
of 2008. Amendment would replace $31
billion in funding for the Afghanistan war
included in the bill with $70 billion
available for unrestricted use in
conducting the wars in Iraq and
Afghanistan.
S. 2633
Troop Redeployment
from Iraq
A bill forbidding the use of funds for
deployment of U.S. troops in Iraq, with
specified exceptions, 120 days after
enactment.
Cloture on motion to
proceed to measure
invoked
February 26, 2008
70-24
(vote #33)
Motion to proceed to
consideration
subsequently withdrawn
H.R. 2642
(P.L. 110-252)
Supplemental
Appropriations
Motion to concur with Senate
amendments with House amendment no.
2. Would require withdrawal of troops
from Iraq within 30 days of enactment,
with a goal of full withdrawal of combat
troops by December 2009. Would
require Congress to authorize any U.S.-
Motion agreed to in
House
May 15, 2008
227-196
(vote #329)
Congressional Research Service
45
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
Iraqi agreement committing U.S. forces.
Would prohibit deployment of any units
not rated as fully mission-capable, subject
to Presidential waiver. Would prohibit
interrogation techniques not authorized
in the Army Field Manual, and would
prohibit establishment of a permanent
base in Iraq. (Note: only prohibition on
permanent base in Iraq appears in public
law).4
H.R. 2642
(P.L. 110-252)
Supplemental
Appropriations
Motion to concur in the House
amendments to Senate amendment to
House amendments to Senate
amendment to the bill making
supplemental appropriations for wars in
Iraq and Afghanistan, which included a
provision barring the establishment of
permanent U.S. bases in Iraq.5
Motion agreed to in
Senate, clearing the bill
for the President
June 26, 2008
92-6
(vote #162)
111th
Note: From
the 111th
Congress
forward, votes
on simple
funding or
authorization
for overseas
contingency
operations in
Iraq and
Afghanistan
have not been
included.
H.Amdt. 262 to H.R.
2647
National Defense
Authorization Act for
FY2010
McGovern amendment to require the
Defense Department to submit a report
to Congress no later than December 31,
2009, presenting an exit strategy for U.S.
Armed Forces conducting the war in
Afghanistan.
Amendment rejected in
the Committee of the
Whole
June 25, 2009
138-278
(vote #453)
111th
H. Con Res. 248
Afghanistan Troop
Withdrawal
Concurrent resolution would direct the
President to withdraw U.S. forces from
Afghanistan within 30 days of adoption,
or by December 31, 2010, if the
President determines that withdrawal
within 30 days cannot be safely
accomplished.
Rejected in House
March 10, 2010
65-356
(vote #98)
H.R. 4899
Supplemental
Appropriations Act,
2010
Fourth portion of a divided question,
consisting of a House amendment that
would limit military funding for
Afghanistan to activities related to the
protection and safe withdrawal of U.S.
troops and civilian and military personnel.
Motion to concur in
Senate amendments
with House
amendments rejected in
House
July 1, 2010
100-321
(vote #432)
Fifth portion of a divided question,
consisting of a House amendment to
4 “President Prevails on War Funding,” CQ Almanac 2008, 64th ed., Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly, 2009,
at. http://library.cqpress.com/cqalmanac/cqal08-1090-52021-2174742.
5 Ibid.
Congressional Research Service
46
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
112th
112th
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
require the President to present a new
National Intelligence Estimate on
Afghanistan to Congress by January 31,
2011, and also a plan for the
redeployment of U.S. forces from
Afghanistan by April 4, 2011.
Motion to concur in
Senate amendments
with House
Amendments rejected in
House
July 1, 2010
162-260
(vote #433)
H. Con. Res. 301
Pakistan Troop
Withdrawal
Concurrent resolution would direct the
President to remove U.S. Armed Forces
from Pakistan within 30 days of adoption,
or by December 31st, 2010, if the
President determines that this could not
be accomplished safely within 30 days.
Rejected in House
July 27, 2010
38-372
(vote #473)
H.Amdt. 93 to
H.R. 1
Disaster Relief
Appropriations Act,
2013
Nadler amendment would require that
no more than $10 billion be used for U.S.
military operations in Afghanistan.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
February 18, 2011
98-331
(vote #91)
H.Amdt. 257 to
H. Con. Res. 34
FY2012 Budget
ResolutionCongressional
Progressive Caucus
substitute
Grijalva substitute amendment assumes
the end of emergency supplemental
appropriations for overseas contingency
operations beginning in 2013, consistent
with U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan
and Iraq.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
April 15, 2011
77-347
(vote #274)
H.Amdt. 327 to H.R.
1540
National Defense
Authorization Act for
FY2012
Amash amendment would strike bill
section that would “affirm” that the U.S.
is engaged in armed conflict with al
Qaeda, the Taliban, and their associates,
and that those forces threated the U.S.
and its citizens. Would also affirm the
authorization for use of military force in
Afghanistan and the authority to detain
“belligerents” until hostilities end.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
May 26, 2011
187-234
(vote #361)
H.Amdt. 330 to H.R.
1540
National Defense
Authorization Act for
FY2012
Chaffetz amendment would require the
Secretary of Defense to begin a phased
withdrawal of U.S. forces operating in
Afghanistan, except for those involved in
small, targeted counterterrorism
missions. Would require a withdrawal
plan to be submitted to Congress by the
Secretary within 60 days of enactment.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
May 26, 2011
123-294
(vote #364)
H.Amdt. 385 to H.R.
2017
Continuing
Appropriations Act,
2012
Sherman amendment would bar the use
of funds in the bill to contravene the War
Powers Resolution.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
June 2, 2011
208-213
(vote #394)
H.Amdt. 414 to H.R.
2055
Sherman amendment would bar the use
of funds in the bill to contravene the War
Powers Resolution
Adopted in Committee
of the Whole
Congressional Research Service
47
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
112th
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
Consolidated
Appropriations Act,
2012
Included as §8129 in engrossed version of
H.R. 2055 (P.L. 112-74)
June 13, 2011
248-163
(vote #415)
H.Amdt. 525 to H.R.
2219
Department of Defense
Appropriations Act,
2012
Lee amendment would reduce funding of
overseas contingency operations and aid
to Afghanistan and Pakistan by $33 billion,
with the aim of reducing funding for the
war in Afghanistan.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
July 7, 2011
97-322
(vote #502)
H.Amdt. 526 to H.R.
2219
Department of Defense
Appropriations Act,
2012
Garamendi amendment would reduce
funding of overseas contingency
operations and aid to Afghanistan and
Pakistan by $20.9 billion, with the aim of
reducing funding for the war in
Afghanistan.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
July 7, 2011
133-295
(vote #503)
H.Amdt. 528 to H.R.
2219
Department of Defense
Appropriations Act,
2012
Nadler amendment would reduce funding
for the Army’s maintenance and
operations account for overseas
contingency operations by $15 million,
and increase it by the same amount, with
the aim of requiring that at least $15
million be used for insulating forward
operating bases in Afghanistan.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
July 7, 2011
174-251
(vote #504)
H.Amdt. 529 to H.R.
2219
Department of Defense
Appropriations Act,
2012
Poe amendment would direct a $1 billion
reduction from a fund to reimburse allies
for support in the Afghanistan war. Funds
would be transferred to the bill’s
spending reduction account.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
July 7, 2011
131-297
(vote #505)
H.Amdt. 530 to H.R.
2219
Department of Defense
Appropriations Act,
2012
Lee amendment to eliminate the $5
billion in funding for the Overseas
Contingency Operation Transfer Fund
and move those funds to the bill’s
spending reduction account.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
July 7, 2011
114-314
(vote #506)
H.Amdt. 553 to H.R.
2219
Department of Defense
Appropriations Act,
2012
Sherman amendment would prohibit the
use of funds in the bill to contravene the
War Powers Resolution.
Included as §8129 in engrossed version of
H.R. 2055 (P.L. 112-74)
Adopted in Committee
of the Whole
July 7, 2011
316-111
(vote #518)
H.Amdt. 567 to H.R.
2219
Department of Defense
Appropriations Act,
2012
Flake amendment to reduce funding for
the Overseas Contingency Operations
Transfer Fund by almost $3.6 billion.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
July 8, 2011
118-295
(vote #526)
S.Amdt. 1064 to S.
1867
National Defense
Authorization Act for
FY2012
Paul amendment would repeal the 2002
authorization for use of military force
against Iraq.
Rejected in Senate
November 29, 2011 3067
(vote #211)
Congressional Research Service
48
U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
S.Amdt. 1274 to S.
1867
National Defense
Authorization Act for
FY2012
Sessions amendment would clarify that
the President retains the option to detain
persons captured under authority of the
2001 authorization for use of military
force in Afghanistan until the end of the
conflict.
Rejected in Senate
December 1, 2011
41-59
(vote #217)
H.Amdt. 1103 to
H.R. 4310
National Defense
Authorization Act for
FY2013
Lee amendment would limit the use of
funds provided for operations in
Afghanistan to the purpose of facilitating
a safe and orderly withdrawal.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
May 17, 2012
113-303
(vote #264)
H.Amdt. 1414 to
H.R. 5856
Department of Defense
Appropriations Act,
2013
Lee amendment would reduce funding for
overseas contingency operations by $20.8
billion and would limit the use of funds
provided for operations in Afghanistan to
the purpose of facilitating a safe and
orderly withdrawal. The reductions
would not apply to Defense Health
Program, Drug Interdiction and CounterDrug Activities, Defense, Joint Improvised
Explosive Device Defeat Fund, Office of
the Inspector General.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
July 18, 2012
107-312
(vote #485)
H.Amdt. 1430 to
H.R. 5856
Department of Defense
Appropriations Act,
2013
Garamendi amendment would reduce
funding in the Overseas Contingency
Operations account by almost $12.7
billion. Reductions would not to apply to
the Afghanistan Security Forces fund, the
Defense Health Program, Drug
Interdiction and Counter-Drug ActivitiesDefense, Joint Improvised Explosive
Device Defeat Fund, or the Office of the
Inspector General.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
July 19, 2012
137-278
(vote #494)
112th
S.Amdt. 3096 to S.
3254
National Defense
Authorization Act for
FY2013
Merkley amendment would express the
sense of Congress that security
operations in Afghanistan should be
transferred to the Afghan government by
mid-summer 2013 and that combat
operations by U.S. forces should end no
later than December 31, 2014.
Amendment was amended in conference
(see H. Rept. 112-705) and included as
§1226 of H.R. 4310 (P.L. 112-239).
Adopted in Senate
November 29, 2012 6233
(vote #210)
113th
H.Amdt. 34 to H.
Con. Res. 25
FY2014 Budget
ResolutionCongressional
Progressive Caucus
Substitute
Grijalva substitute amendment would
assume, among other assumptions, the
elimination of funding for overseas
contingency operations after FY2015.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
March 20, 2013
84-327
(vote #85)
H.Amdt. 36 to H.
Con. Res. 25
Van Hollen substitute amendment would
assume, among other assumptions, no
funding for overseas contingency
operations after FY2014.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
March 20, 2013
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U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
FY2014 Budget
ResolutionHouse Democratic
substitute
113th
Votes
165-253
(vote #87)
H.R. 1960
National Defense
Authorization Act for
FY2014
As amended, contains a provision stating
that it is U.S. policy that the President
shall transfer combat operations from
U.S. forces to Afghanistan by the end of
2013 and complete an accelerated
transition of military and security
operations by the end of 2014.
Passed in House
June 14, 2013
315-108
(vote #244)
H.Amdt. 149 to H.R.
1960
National Defense
Authorization Act for
FY2014
McGovern amendment would require
that the accelerated transition of combat
operations from U.S. forces to the
Afghan government be completed no
later than the end of 2013, and the
accelerate transition of military and
security operations by the end of 2014.
Also would express the sense of
Congress that if the President determines
the presence of U.S. troops is necessary
in Afghanistan beyond the end of 2014,
Congress should vote to authorize such
deployment no later than June 2014.
Included with clarifying amendment as
§1222 of H.R. 3304, P.L. 113-66.
Adopted in the
Committee of the
Whole
June 13, 2013
305-121
(vote #226)
H.Amdt. 171 to H.R.
1960
National Defense
Authorization Act for
FY2014
Van Hollen amendment would reduce the
amount authorized for the Overseas
Contingency Operations account by
$5.04 billion and specify that the savings
be used for deficit reduction.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
June 14, 2013
191-232
(vote #240)
H.Amdt. 392 to H.R.
2397
Department of Defense
Appropriations Act,
2014
Mulvaney amendment would reduce the
Overseas Contingency Operations
account by $3.5 billion. National Guard
and Reserve funding would not be
affected.
Adopted in Committee
of the Whole
July 24, 2013
215-206
(vote #403)
H.Amdt. 407 to H.R.
2397
Department of Defense
Appropriations Act,
2014
Schiff amendment would bar funding from
the bill for the use of military force after
December 31, 2014, pursuant to the
2001 Authorization for Use of Military
Force (P.L. 107-40).
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
July 24, 2013
185-236
(vote #410)
H.Amdt. 613 to H.
Con Res. 96
FY 2015 Budget
ResolutionCongressional Black
Caucus Substitute
Moore substitute amendment setting
budget priorities, including ending
spending from the Defense Department
Overseas Contingency Operations
account.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
April 9, 2014
116-300
(vote #172)
H.Amdt. 614 to H.
Con. Res. 96
Grijalva substitute amendment setting
budget priorities, including the
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
April 9, 2014
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U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
114th
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
FY 2015 Budget
ResolutionCongressional
Progressive Caucus
Substitute
elimination of funding for Overseas
Contingency Operations after FY 2015.
89-327
(vote #173)
H.Amdt. 680 to H.R.
4435
Howard P. “Buck”
McKeon National
Defense Authorization
Act for FY 2015
Schiff amendment to suspend the 2001
Authorization for Use of Military Force
(AUMF) effective 12 months from the
bill’s date of enactment
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
May 22, 2014
191-233
(vote #237)
H.Amdt. 908 to H.R.
4870
Department of Defense
Appropriations Act,
2015
Lee amendment to bar the use of any
funds for combat operations in Iraq.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
June 19, 2014
165-250
(vote #325)
H.Amdt. 912 to H.R.
4870
Department of Defense
Appropriations Act,
2015
Lee amendment would prohibit the
obligation or expenditure of any funds
under the bill pursuant to the 2002
Authorization for Use of Military Force
Against Iraq Resolution (P.L. 107-243).
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
June 19, 2014
182-231
(vote # 326)
H.Amdt. 922 to H.R.
4870
Department of Defense
Appropriations Act,
2015
Lee amendment would bar the use of
funds for any military operations under
the 2001 Authorization for Use of
Military Force after December 31, 2014.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
June 19, 2014
157-260
(vote # 330)
H.Amdt. 928 to H.R.
4870
Department of Defense
Appropriations Act,
2015
Lee amendment to prohibit use of funds
in the bill for combat operations in
Afghanistan.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
June 20, 2014
153-260
(vote #332)
H. Con. Res. 105
Iraq Combat Prohibition
Resolution to prohibit the President from
deploying or maintaining U.S. Armed
Forces in a sustained combat mission in
Iraq without specific statutory
authorization.
Adopted July 25, 2014
370-40
(vote #452)
H.Amdt. 1036 to
H.R. 4909
National Defense
Authorization Act for
FY 2017
Ellison amendment would strike
provisions in the bill urging the President
to expand the mission in Afghanistan.
Failed on passage
May 18, 2016
131-292
(vote #212)
Revolution and Aftermath in Libya
The 2011 uprising against Libyan dictator Muammar Qadhafi prompted calls for Western military
assistance to the rebels, initially in the form of a no-fly zone to prevent regime aircraft from
attacking rebel forces and civilians. As the revolt progressed, air strikes were conducted by U.S.
and NATO forces against regime targets under Operation Odyssey Dawn and Operation Unified
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U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Protector. The Qadhafi government was overthrown and Qadhafi himself was killed, leading to
the lifting of strict regime political control in Libya but also to an uncertain security environment
in which rival militias competed in the absence of any strong central authority. U.S. military
operations began in March 2011 and ended in October 2011. A September 11, 2012, armed attack
on a U.S. diplomatic compound in Benghazi, Libya resulted in the deaths of four Americans,
including the U.S. ambassador.
Related CRS products
CRS In Focus IF11556, Libya and U.S. Policy, by Christopher M. Blanchard.
CRS Report RL33142, Libya: Transition and U.S. Policy, by Christopher M. Blanchard.
Congress
112th
112th
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
H.Amdt. 333 to H.R.
1540
National Defense
Authorization Act for
FY2012
Conyers amendment would bar the use of
authorized bill funds from being used to
deploy, establish, or maintain U.S. Armed
Forces or contractors in Libya unless their
purpose is to rescue a servicemember from
imminent danger.
Adopted in Committee
of the Whole
May 26, 2011
416-5
(vote #366)
H. Res. 292
Use of Ground Forces
in Libya
Resolution would direct the transmission of
certain documents to the House and direct
the President to submit a report on military
activities in Libya within 14 days. It states
that no “compelling rationale” for U.S.
action in Libya has been provided, that
Armed Forces should be used only to
defend and advance U.S. national security
interests, and that ground forces should not
be deployed in Libya unless to rescue
servicemembers in imminent danger.
Adopted by House
June 3, 2011
268-145
(vote #411)
H. Con. Res. 51
Libya Troop
Withdrawal
Would direct the President, pursuant to the
War Powers Resolution, to withdraw U.S.
forces from Libya within 15 days of
adoption.
Rejected by House
June 3, 2011
148-265
(vote #412)
H. J. Res. 68
Libya Use of Force
Authorization
Provides a one-year authorization for the
limited use of military force in support of
NATO’s mission in Libya. States the
opposition of Congress to the presence of
U.S. forces on the ground in Libya, except
to protect U.S. officials or rescue troops.
Directs the President to provide regular
briefings and consultation to Congress.
Rejected by House
June 24, 2011
123-295
(vote #493)
H.Amdt. 542 to H.R.
2219
Department of Defense
Appropriations Act,
2012
Cole amendment would prohibit the use of
funds in the bill for training, equipping,
advising, or otherwise supporting groups or
individuals engaged in military activities in
Libya unless they are part of a nation’s
official armed forces.
Adopted in Committee
of the Whole
July 7, 2011
225-201
(vote #513)
H.Amdt. 543 to H.R.
2219
Department of Defense
Appropriations Act,
2012
Amash amendment to bar use of funds in
the bill to fund the use of military force in
Libya.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
July 7, 2011
199-229
(vote #514)
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U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
H.Amdt. 544 to H.R.
2219
Department of Defense
Appropriations Act,
2012
Rigell amendment would bar funds from
being used for Operation Odyssey Dawn
and Operation Unified Protector.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
July 7, 2011
176-249
(vote #515)
H.Amdt. 555 to H.R.
2219
Department of Defense
Appropriations Act,
2012
Gohmert amendment would bar the use of
funds in the bill to support military
operations, including those of NATO and
the United Nations, in Libya and Libyan
airspace.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
July 7, 2011
162-265
(vote #520)
H.Amdt. 579 to H.R.
2219
Department of Defense
Appropriations Act,
2012
Kucinich amendment would bar the use of
funds in the bill for military actions in Libya
unless they take place under a declaration of
war against Libya pursuant to Article I of the
Constitution.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
July 8, 2011
169-251
(vote #530)
Uprising and Armed Conflict in Syria
What began as protests, then an internal armed uprising in Syria in 2011 became a broader
conflict, with various factions of Syrian rebels and foreign fighters joined in combat with each
other as well as with the forces of the Assad regime, itself aided by fighters from outside Syria. In
summer 2013 the Obama Administration announced that the U.S. intelligence community had
determined “with high confidence” that the Assad regime had used chemical weapons attacks
against its own people, resulting in mass casualties. The United States has been providing
nonlethal materiel support to selected opposition groups, and a congressionally authorized U.S.
train-and-equip program continues. See section below, “Military Action against the Islamic State
(ISIS, ISIL).”
Related CRS products
CRS Report RL33487, Armed Conflict in Syria: Overview and U.S. Response, by Carla E.
Humud.
CRS In Focus IF11080, Syria Conflict Overview: 2011-2021, by Carla E. Humud.
Congressional Research Service
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U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
113th
H.Amdt. 162 to
H.R. 1960
National Defense
Authorization Act for
FY2014
Gibson amendment to strike a provision in
the bill that would express the sense of
Congress that the Syrian conflict poses a
threat to the national security interests of
Israel and that the President should
consider options leading to the removal of
President Assad and plan for rendering
assistance to forces fighting the Assad
regime.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
June 14, 2013
123-301
(vote #234)
116th
H. Con. Res. 77
Directing the
President to remove
United States Armed
Forces from the Syrian
Arab Republic that
have not been
authorized by
Congress.
Directs the President to remove the
Armed Forces from Syria, except for those
engaged in operations against al Qaeda or
associated forces, unless a declaration of
war or specific authorization is enacted.
Rule H. Res. 739
passed in the House,
which allowed the Rules
Committee to discharge
H. Con. Res. 77
December 4, 2019
225-196
(vote #646)
118th
H.Con.Res.21
Directing the
President to remove
the United States
Armed Forces from
Syria.
Directs the President, pursuant to §5(c) of
the War Powers Resolution, to remove
the United States Armed Forces from
Syria within 180 days.
Failed of passage/not
agreed to in House
March 8, 2023
103-321
(vote #136)
Military Action against the Islamic State (ISIS, ISIL)
One group rose to prominence in the fighting against the Assad regime: the self-proclaimed
“Islamic State,” also known as ISIS (Islamic State in Iraq and Syria) and ISIL (Islamic State in
Iraq and the Levant). A lineal descendant or continuation of the insurgent group al-Qaeda in Iraq,
some of its senior operatives gained experience fighting American forces in Iraq. Particularly
noted for sophisticated online media releases and extremely brutal tactics, the Islamic State in its
self-released videos showed numerous massacres and beheadings, including those of a number of
captured Westerners. It made significant territorial gains in Syria and also in Iraq, where its forces
captured refineries and banks, thereby acquiring a self-financing capacity. The Iraqi military
suffered high personnel losses through casualties and desertions, and enormous losses of materiel.
After a series of online releases depicting the beheadings of American captives of the Islamic
State, and in the wake of the success of the Islamic State campaign in Iraq and Syria, President
Obama authorized a program of aid to anti-Islamic State forces, particularly the Iraqi military and
the Kurds. In cooperation with a coalition of allies, he ordered air strikes designed to assist Iraqi
and Kurdish forces battling the Islamic State and degrade Islamic State military capabilities.
The Islamic State has suffered extensive territorial losses in the combined campaign and today
controls far less territory in Syria and Iraq than at the height of its power, but the potential for
terrorist acts committed by Islamic State foreign fighters returning to their countries of origin is a
matter of concern for antiterrorism and police authorities.
Related CRS products
CRS In Focus IF10328, The Islamic State, by Carla E. Humud.
Congressional Research Service
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U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
CRS Report R43612, The Islamic State and U.S. Policy, by Christopher M. Blanchard and Carla
E. Humud.
CRS Report R43760, A New Authorization for Use of Military Force Against the Islamic State:
Issues and Current Proposals, by Matthew C. Weed.
CRS In Focus IF10604, Terrorist Groups in Afghanistan, by Clayton Thomas.
Congress
113th
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
H.Amdt. 1141 to
H.J. Res. 124
Continuing
Appropriations
Resolution, 2015
McKeon amendment to authorize the
training and equipping of “appropriately
vetted” Syrian rebel groups to defend
against Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS)
attacks. Amendment would bar use of the
amendment to justify sending U.S. Armed
Forces into hostile situations and would
require the President to report to
Congress under the War Powers
Resolution any use of U.S. Armed Forces
abroad. Authority for the training and
equipping provisions would expire
December 11, 2014, or earlier if
replacement defense authorization
legislation is enacted.
Adopted by House
September 17, 2014
273-156
(vote #507)
H.R. 3979
National Defense
Authorization Act for
FY 2015
Motion to concur in the Senate
amendment to the House amendment to
the bill, which includes authorization for
the appropriation of an additional $5.1
billion in funding for opposition to the
Islamic State in Iraq and Syria.6
Motion agreed to in
House
December 4, 2014
300-119
(vote #551)
Motion to concur in House amendment to
Senate amendment to the bill, which
authorizes the appropriation of $5.1 billion
in funding for opposition to the Islamic
State in Iraq and Syria.
Motion agreed to in
House
December 12, 2014
89-11
(vote #325)
Motion to concur in the Senate
amendment to the bill with a House
amendment that includes funding for
operations against the Islamic State as well
as other counterterrorism operations.
Motion agreed to in
House
December 11, 2014
219-206
(vote #563)
H.R. 83
Fiscal Year 2015
Omnibus
Appropriations
Motion to concur to the House
amendment to the Senate amendment to
the bill, which includes funding for
operations against the Islamic State, as well
as other counterterrorism operations.
114th
Votes
H.R. 1735
Among its provisions, bill authorizes $715
million for aid to Iraqi forces fighting ISIL,
but requires that 25% of those funds be
Motion agreed to in
House
December 13, 2014
56-40
(vote #354)
Passed in House
May 15, 2015
6 CRS Report R43788, Defense: FY2015 Authorization and Appropriations, by Pat Towell. See Figure 1. OCO
Funding for Operations in Iraq and Afghanistan in the Notes: “The FY2015 column does not reflect the November 10,
2014, request for an additional $5 billion to combat the Islamic State.”
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U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Congress
114th
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
National Defense
Authorization Act for
FY 2016
provided directly to Kurdish Peshmerga
and quasi-independent Sunni forces. Also
authorizes $600 million for training and
equipping Syrian opposition forces. This
language is not included in final version.
269-151
(vote #239)
H. Amdt. 479 to
H.R. 2685
Department of
Defense
Appropriations Act,
2016
Schiff amendment would prohibit use of
funds for Operation Inherent Resolve
against the Islamic State in absence of a law
authorizing use of military force against the
Islamic State after March 31, 2016.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
June 11, 2015
196-231
(vote #346)
H. Amdt. 482 to
H.R. 2685
Department of
Defense
Appropriations Act,
2016
Lee amendment would prohibit
expenditure or obligation of funds under
the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military
Force after December 31, 2015.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
June 11, 2015
157-270
(vote #347)
H. Amdt. 484 to
H.R. 2685
Department of
Defense
Appropriations Act,
2016
Lee amendment would bar use of funds
pursuant to the Iraq Authorization for Use
of Military Force of 2002.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
June 11, 2015
165-264
(vote #348)
H. Amdt. 1033 to
H.R. 4909
National Defense
Authorization Act for
FY 2017
Lee amendment to repeal the 2001
Authorization for Use of Military Force 90
days after enactment of this Act.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
May 18, 2016
138-285
(vote #210)
H. Amdt. 1215 to
H.R. 5293
Department of
Defense
Appropriations Act,
2017
McGovern amendment would bar funds
for operations of U.S. Armed Forces in
Iraq or Syria until enactment of an
authorization for the use of military force
for such operations.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
June 16, 2016
135-285
(vote #329)
H. Amdt. 1216 to
H.R. 5293
Department of
Defense
Appropriations Act,
2017
Lee amendment to require a specific
Authorization for Use of Military Force for
anti-ISIL operations by April 30, 2017.
Rejected in Committee
of the Whole
June 16, 2016
146-274
(vote #330)
H.Amdt. 1214 to
H.R.5293
Department of
Defense
Appropriations Act
for FY 2017
Gabbard amendment to prohibit use of
funds for the Syria Train and Equip
Program.
Failed to pass in House
June 16, 2016
135-283
(vote #328)
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U.S. Armed Forces Abroad: Selected Congressional Votes Since 1982
Hostilities in Yemen
Beginning in March 2015, Saudi Arabia and a coalition of partner countries (including the United
Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Kuwait, Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Senegal, and Sudan) engaged in
conflict in Yemen against the Ansar Allah/Houthi movement and followers of the late president of
Yemen, Ali Abdullah Saleh. The United States has been providing logistical and intelligence
support, for a time including air-to-air refueling. Refueling operations ended in early November
2018.7 Civilian casualties in the conflict have been a matter of concern and congressional debate,
along with humanitarian conditions in general in Yemen.
Related CRS Products
CRS Report R43960, Yemen: Civil War and Regional Intervention, by Jeremy M. Sharp.
.
Congress
115th
115th
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
S.J.Res. 54
Removal of U.S. forces
from hostilities in
Yemen not authorized
by Congress
Motion to table a motion to discharge
Senate Foreign Relations Committee from
further consideration of the resolution
Motion to table agreed
to in Senate
March 20, 2018
55-44
(vote #58)
Motion to discharge Senate Foreign
Relations Committee from further
consideration of the resolution
Motion to discharge
agreed to in Senate
November 28, 2018
63-37
(vote #250)
Motion to proceed to consideration of
S.J.Res. 54
Agreed to in Senate
December 12, 2018
60-39
(vote #261)
Point of order that amendments offered
under 50 U.S.C. 1546a be germane to the
underlying joint resolution to which they
are offered.
Well taken in Senate
December 12, 2018
96-3
(vote #262)
S.Amdt. 4080 to
S.J.Res. 54
Young amendment to clarify that this
resolution prohibits U.S. Armed Forces
from refueling non-United States aircraft
conducting missions as part of the ongoing
civil war in Yemen.
Agreed to in Senate
December 13, 2018
58-41
(vote #263)
S.Amdt. 4096 to
S.J.Res. 54
Cornyn amendment to provide that
nothing in the joint resolution shall be
construed to influence or disrupt any
military operations and cooperation with
Israel.
Agreed to in Senate
December 13, 2018
99-0
(vote #264)
S.Amdt. 4098 to
S.J.Res. 54
Cotton amendment to clarify that the
requirement to remove U.S. Armed Forces
Not agreed to in Senate
7 “Trump Administration to end refueling of Saudi-coalition aircraft in Yemen conflict,” Washington Post, November
10, 2018.
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Congress
Bill and Title
Description and Comments
Votes
does not apply to forces engaged in
operations to support efforts to disrupt
Houthi attacks against locations outside of
Yemen, such as ballistic missile attacks,
unmanned aerial vehicle attacks, maritime
attacks against United States or
international vessels, or terrorist attacks
against civilian targets.
December 13, 2018
45-54
(vote #265)
S.Amdt. 4090 to
S.J.Res. 54
Cornyn amendment to require a report
assessing risks posed by ceasing support
operations with respect to the conflict
between the Saudi-led coalition and the
Houthis in Yemen.
Agreed to in Senate by
voice vote
December 13, 2018
S.Amdt. 4095 to
S.J.Res. 54
Cornyn amendment to require a report
assessing the increased risk of terrorist
attacks in the United States if the
Government of Saudi Arabia were to cease
Yemen-related intelligence sharing with the
United States.
Agreed to in Senate by
voice vote
December 13, 2018
S.Amdt. 4097 to
S.J.Res. 54
Cotton amendment to clarify that the
requirement to remove United States
Armed Forces does not apply to the
provision of materials and advice intended
to reduce civilian casualties or further
enable adherence to the Law of Armed
Conflict.
Request for unanimous
consent not agreed to
by voice vote
December 13, 2018
S.J.Res. 54, as
Amended
A joint resolution to direct the removal of
U.S. Armed Forces from hostilities in the
Republic of Yemen that have not been
authorized by Congress.8
Passed in Senate with
amendments
December 13, 2018
56-41
(vote #266)
H.Con.Res. 81
Collins asked for unanimous consent that
the provisions of §7 of the War Powers
Resolution (50 U.S.C. 1546) shall apply to
H.Con.Res. 81 not earlier than
November 2, 2017, but on the same terms
that would have adhered on October 13,
2017. Agreed to without objection.
House agreed without
objection
November 11, 2017
H.Res. 599
Denounces the conduct of activities in
Yemen and areas affected by the conflict
that are inconsistent with the laws of
armed conflict, including the deliberate
targeting of civilian populations or the use
of civilian human shields, inter alia.
Agreed to in House
November 13, 2017
366 - 30
(vote #623)
H.Res. 1176
Providing for consideration of the
conference report to accompany the bill
(H.R. 2) to provide for the reform and
continuation of agricultural and other
programs of the Department of
Agreed to in House
December 12, 2018
206 - 203
(vote #432)
8 "Key Senate and House Votes in 2018," CQ Almanac 2018, Washington, DC: CQ-Roll Call, Inc., 2019, at
http://library.cqpress.com/cqalmanac/cqal18-2028-110984-2932253. See section on Senate Vote 266 Yemen.
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