Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related Agencies (THUD) Appropriations for FY2024

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Transportation, Housing and Urban

Development, and Related Agencies (THUD)

Appropriations for FY2024

Updated June 26, 2024

Congressional Research Service

https://crsreports.congress.gov

R47687

SUMMARY

Transportation, Housing and Urban

Development, and Related Agencies (THUD)

Appropriations for FY2024

The House and the Senate Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related

Agencies (THUD) Appropriations subcommittees are charged with providing annual

appropriations for the Department of Transportation (DOT), the Department of Housing and

Urban Development (HUD), and certain related agencies. This report tracks the progress of the

FY2024 THUD appropriations legislation.

R47687

June 26, 2024

Maggie McCarty,

Coordinator

Specialist in Housing Policy

Jennifer J. Marshall

Analyst in Transportation

Policy

The FY2024 appropriations process began with the release of the President’s Budget request to

Congress on March 9, 2023. For the agencies that comprise the THUD budget, it proposed the

following:

•

$27.9 billion in discretionary funding for DOT, which is 3.1% less than enacted for FY2023. The budget

also included $79.4 billion in mandatory funding, for an overall DOT total of $107.3 billion (+0.8%

compared to FY2023). (DOT will also receive an additional $36.8 billion outside the FY2024 appropriation

process from Division J of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act [IIJA].)

•

$70.6 billion in net budget authority—which accounts for savings from offsetting receipts and collections,

which is 21% more than the comparable FY2023 non-emergency total and 14% more when accounting for

the emergency funding for regular program activities. In terms of gross appropriations (not accounting for

offsets or rescissions), there is $73.3 billion in gross new appropriations for HUD, which is 7.0% more than

enacted for FY2023. However, the FY2023 appropriations law also included $3.6 billion in emergency

funding to support regular HUD program activities. When accounting for those funds, the FY2024 request

is 1.6% more than FY2023.

•

$453 million for the THUD related agencies, 7.9% more than FY2023.

As a part of the negotiations over a debt limit increase, Congress adopted discretionary spending caps intended to reduce

overall spending relative to FY2023 via the Fiscal Responsibility Act (P.L. 118-5). No budget resolution was adopted in

FY2024, but that debt limit agreement served to structure the FY2024 process. The THUD subcommittee’s initial spending

allocations for FY2024 (or 302(b) allocations) were set 25.3% below FY2023 in the House and 0.9% above FY2023 in the

Senate (excluding emergency funding).

On July 24, the House Appropriations Committee reported its FY2024 THUD appropriations bill, following subcommittee

markup on July 12. H.R. 4820, as reported, proposed $144.6 billion in total funding—$65.2 billion in discretionary

funding—for THUD in FY2024, including the following:

•

$21.6 billion in discretionary funding for DOT, which is 24.9% less than FY2023. H.R. 4820 also included

$79.3 billion in mandatory funding, for an overall DOT total of $100.9 billion (-5.1% compared to

FY2023).

•

$68.2 billion in net budget authority for HUD, which is an increase of 17.3% above the comparable

FY2023 non-emergency total and a 10.4% increase when accounting for emergency funding for regular

program operations. Excluding savings from offsets and rescissions, H.R. 4820 proposed $71.5 billion in

gross appropriations to fund HUD’s programs and activities; that is an increase of 4.3% above the FY2023

non-emergency total and a 0.9% decrease when accounting for emergency funding provided in FY2023 for

regular program operations.

•

$452 million for the THUD related agencies, 7.8% more than FY2023.

A rescission of $25.0 billion in funding from the Department of the Treasury’s Internal Revenue Service

(IRS).

Floor consideration of H.R. 4820 began on November 6, following Rules Committee action on November 2; proceedings

were suspended without resolution on November 7.

Congressional Research Service

THUD Appropriations: FY2024

On July 20, the Senate Appropriations Committee reported its FY2024 THUD appropriations bill, S. 2437. The text of that

bill was incorporated into a three-bill package (H.R. 4366) and passed by the full Senate on November 1, 2023. It proposed

$167.5 billion in total regular funding—including $88.1 billion in regular discretionary budget authority—as well as $10.8

billion in emergency funding for THUD in FY2024. It included the following:

•

$28.0 billion in non-emergency net discretionary funding for DOT, which is 2.7% less than FY2023, but

30% more than H.R. 4820. Including mandatory funding, the overall proposed DOT total was $107.4

billion (1.0% more than FY2023 and 6.4% more than H.R. 4820). Additionally, the Senate bill proposed

$469 million in emergency discretionary funding for regular program operations at the FAA.

•

$59.7 billion in net budget authority for HUD, which is 2.6% more than FY2023 and 12.4% less than H.R.

4820. Excluding savings from offsets and rescissions, S. 2437 proposed $62.7 billion in gross regular (nonemergency) appropriations for HUD, a decrease of 8.6% relative to FY2023 and a decrease of 12.4%

relative to H.R. 4820. As in FY2023, S. 2437 proposed additional emergency-designated funding ($10.4

billion) to support HUD’s regular program activities. When accounting for these emergency funds, S. 2437

included $73.0 billion in gross appropriations for HUD in FY2024, which is 1.2% more than FY2023 and

2.1% more than H.R. 4820.

• $438 million for the THUD related agencies (4.3% more than FY2023; 3.2% less than H.R. 4820).

Because full-year appropriations were not enacted before the start of the fiscal year, Congress passed and the President signed

a series of a continuing resolutions (CRs) to fund the government—including those agencies typically funded under the

THUD bill. These CRs generally funded agencies at their FY2023 levels, with some anomalies addressing technical budget

issues. (Several CRs also extended the federal aviation program’s authorization, which was scheduled to expire on October 1,

2023.)

On March 9, 2024, the FY2024 Consolidated Appropriations Act was signed into law (P.L. 118-42), following passage by

the House on March 6 and the Senate on March 8. The law provides FY2024 funding for six bills, including THUD (Division

F). It contains the following:

•

$27.0 billion in non-emergency net discretionary funding for DOT, which is 6.1% less than FY2023, about

25% more than was proposed in the House Appropriations Committee bill, and 3.5% less than was

proposed by the Senate. Including mandatory funding, the overall DOT total is $106.4 billion (essentially

equal to FY2023).

•

$62.1 billion in regular (non-emergency) net budget authority for HUD, which is 6.7% more than FY2023,

about 9% less than proposed by the House Appropriations Committee, and 4% more than proposed by the

Senate. This net total reflects $67.7 billion in gross regular (non-emergency) appropriations for HUD

(which is a decrease of 1.1% relative to FY2023) and $5.7 billion in savings from offsets and rescissions.

The amount of savings from offsets and rescissions is 47% less than FY2023, but more than double what

was estimated for the House Appropriations Committee and Senate bills, as a result of scoring instructions

from the Budget committees. Additionally, as in FY2023 and proposed in the Senate, the final law provides

emergency funding ($8 billion) to support HUD’s regular program activities. When accounting for these

emergency funds, the law provides $75.7 billion in gross appropriations for HUD in FY2024, which is 5%

more than FY2023, nearly 6% more than the House Appropriations Committee bill, and 3.7% more than

the Senate.

•

$428 million for the THUD related agencies (1.9% more than FY2023, 5.4% less than H.R. 4820, and 2.3%

less than the Senate).

Congressional Research Service

THUD Appropriations: FY2024

Contents

FY2024 Budget Process .................................................................................................................. 1

Statutory Budget Enforcement in FY2024 ................................................................................ 1

Procedural Budget Enforcement in FY2024 ............................................................................. 2

FY2024 THUD Appropriations Process .......................................................................................... 3

President’s Budget..................................................................................................................... 3

House Action ............................................................................................................................. 4

Senate Action ............................................................................................................................ 4

Continuing Resolutions ............................................................................................................. 5

Final Action ............................................................................................................................... 5

Department of Transportation.......................................................................................................... 7

Major Differences Between House and Senate Proposed Funding ......................................... 12

Additional Funding for FY2024 Provided in the IIJA ............................................................ 13

Department of Housing and Urban Development ......................................................................... 14

Overview ................................................................................................................................. 14

FY2024 HUD Appropriations ................................................................................................. 15

Selected FY2024 HUD Appropriations Topics ....................................................................... 19

Declining FHA Receipts ................................................................................................... 19

Emergency-Designated Funding for Rental Assistance Renewals ................................... 20

Program Eliminations and Reductions in H.R. 4820 ........................................................ 21

General Provisions ............................................................................................................ 22

THUD Related Agencies ............................................................................................................... 24

Figures

Figure 1. Rental Assistance Renewal Funding .............................................................................. 21

Tables

Table 1. FY2024 THUD 302(b) Suballocations in Context ............................................................ 3

Table 2. THUD Appropriations by Bill Title, FY2023-FY2024...................................................... 6

Table 3. Department of Transportation, FY2023-FY2024 Detailed Appropriations ....................... 8

Table 4. FY2024 DOT Budget Authority by Administration and Source ..................................... 13

Table 5. Department of Housing and Urban Development,

FY2023-FY2024 Detailed Appropriations ................................................................................. 15

Table 6. THUD Related Agencies, FY2023-FY2024 Detailed Appropriations ............................ 25

Contacts

Author Information........................................................................................................................ 26

Congressional Research Service

THUD Appropriations: FY2024

he House and the Senate Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and Related

Agencies (THUD) Appropriations subcommittees are charged with providing annual

appropriations for the Department of Transportation (DOT), the Department of Housing

and Urban Development (HUD), and certain related agencies.

This report describes action on FY2024 annual appropriations for THUD, including detailed

tables for each major agency and a brief overview of selected issues.

FY2024 Budget Process

Appropriations for DOT, HUD, and the related agencies typically funded in the THUD bill

happen in the context of the broader annual congressional appropriations process. That process

generally begins with the submission of the President’s budget request, followed by adoption of

congressional spending limits (generally, in a budget resolution) that set the overall level of

spending for that fiscal year’s appropriations bills. From there, the subcommittees of the House

and Senate Committees on Appropriations generally begin action on each of the 12 appropriations

bills. While each bill reported out of the Appropriations Committee may receive floor

consideration individually, in recent years it has been more common for bills to be considered in

combination with one another in consolidated or omnibus appropriations acts.

The President’s budget request for the upcoming fiscal year is due to be submitted to Congress by

the first Monday in February. The President’s budget request for FY2024 was submitted on

March 9, 2023, about five weeks after it was due. It was preceded by the enactment of FY2023

full-year annual appropriations (P.L. 117-328) on December 29, 2022, about three months into the

fiscal year. The delay of the budget submission allowed the FY2023 funding amounts in the

budget materials generally to reflect the annual appropriations as enacted in late December.1

For FY2024, the discretionary spending levels in appropriations measures are enforceable by both

statutory and procedural means. Statutory budget enforcement is through the discretionary

spending limits in the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (BBEDCA;

P.L. 99-177), as amended. These statutory limits are enforced through sequestration, which is

largely across-the-board reductions made to the category of spending that is in excess of the limit

(defense or nondefense), to eliminate the excess spending.2 Procedural budget enforcement is

primarily associated with the budget resolution, which provides a process for the House and

Senate to agree on budgetary targets ahead of consideration of spending and revenue legislation.

These targets are enforced through points of order.

Statutory Budget Enforcement in FY2024

The statutory limits on discretionary spending that were in effect for the FY2024 funding cycle

were enacted as part of the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 (FRA; P.L. 118-5) on June 3, 2023.3

(Prior to the FRA, statutory limits on discretionary spending had been in effect between FY2012

1 On May 9, the President submitted amendments to the FY2024 budget that included changes to the language, but not

the amounts, requested for specified HUD and DOT accounts. See budget amendments package at

https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/FY_2024_Budget_Amendment_Corrections_5-9-23.pdf.

2 The Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 also contains procedures by which these limits might be temporarily or

permanently adjusted in the case of a continuing resolution. For a summary of these adjustments, see CRS Insight

IN12168, Discretionary Spending Caps in the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023, by Grant A. Driessen and Megan S.

Lynch.

3 CRS Insight IN12168, Discretionary Spending Caps in the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023, by Grant A. Driessen

and Megan S. Lynch.

Congressional Research Service

THUD Appropriations: FY2024

and FY2021, but had expired at the end of FY2021.4) The FRA amended the BBEDCA to provide

limits on defense discretionary (all spending under budget function 050) and nondefense

discretionary (all other spending) for FY2024 and FY2025.5 Nearly all of the funding in the

THUD bill is subject to the nondefense limit. The statutory limit on nondefense discretionary

spending for FY2024 is $703.65 billion. This is a $40.2 billion (-5%) reduction relative to

FY2023 enacted nondefense discretionary funding, when accounting for Congressional Budget

Office (CBO) scorekeeping, and prior to any adjustments to the limits pursuant to BBEDCA

authorities.6

Procedural Budget Enforcement in FY2024

The budget resolution process dates back to the Congressional Budget Act of 1974. It is used each

year to impose a limit on total discretionary spending available to the appropriations committees

(commonly referred to as a 302(a) allocation) and, subsequently, limits on spending under the

jurisdiction of each appropriations subcommittee (referred to as 302(b) suballocations).7

As of the cover date of this report, there was no House or Senate action on a FY2024 budget

resolution. For the purposes of providing 302(a) allocations and budgetary aggregates for the

consideration of FY2024 appropriations, as well as other matters that would have been

traditionally associated with the budget resolution, the FRA directed the Chairs of the House

Budget Committee and Senate Budget Committee to enter those amounts into the Congressional

Record as soon as practicable. These were published in the Senate on June 21, 2023, but were not

published in the House.8

Generally, the next step in the appropriations process is for each of the appropriations committees

to adopt suballocations from the total amount allocated to them. These 302(b) suballocations

provide a limit on current-year (i.e., FY2024) appropriations within each subcommittee’s

jurisdiction and incorporate any applicable scorekeeping adjustments made by CBO.9 On June 15,

2023, the House Appropriations Committee voted to report its initial suballocations for all 12

bills, including THUD (33-27).10 Subsequently, the Senate Appropriations Committee voted to

4 These limits were initially established in 2011 by the amendments made by the Budget Control Act of 2011 (BCA;

P.L. 112-25) to the BBEDCA, but they were subsequently revised several times over the course of their effectiveness.

For a summary of these changes, see CRS Insight IN11148, The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2019: Changes to the BCA

and Debt Limit, by Grant A. Driessen and Megan S. Lynch.

For further information, see CRS Insight IN12183, The FRA’s Discretionary Spending Caps Under a CR: FAQs, by

Drew C. Aherne and Megan S. Lynch .

These calculations are based on the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), Report on the Status of Discretionary

Appropriations, FY2023, U.S. Senate, February 10, 2023, https://www.cbo.gov/system/files?file=2023-02/FY2023Senate-2022-12-23.pdf. CBO tabulates a slightly different amount of funding using House conventions in CBO, Report

on the Status of Discretionary Appropriations, FY2023, U.S. House of Representatives, February 10, 2023,

https://www.cbo.gov/system/files?file=2023-02/FY2023-House-2022-12-23.pdf. For more information, see CRS

Insight IN12183, The FRA’s Discretionary Spending Caps Under a CR: FAQs, by Drew C. Aherne and Megan S.

Lynch.

7 For further information, see CRS Report 98-815, Budget Resolution Enforcement, by Bill Heniff Jr.

8 “Budget Enforcement Levels,” Congressional Record, daily edition, vol. 169, no. 108 (June 21, 2023), pp. S2180-

S2181.

9 Such suballocations are commonly revised throughout the appropriations process to reflect changing budgetary

priorities.

10 The House Appropriations Committee suballocations have not yet been formally reported, but have been published

by the House Appropriations Committee at https://appropriations.house.gov/sites/republicans.appropriations.house.gov/

files/documents/FY24%20House%20Subcommittee%20Allocations%206.13.23_0.pdf.

Congressional Research Service

THUD Appropriations: FY2024

report its suballocations on June 22, 2023 (15-13);11 they were subsequently amended several

times.12

Table 1 shows the suballocation to the THUD Subcommittees, compared to the applicable

FY2023 enacted level, the President’s FY2024 budget request, and FY2024 enacted figures.

Table 1. FY2024 THUD 302(b) Suballocations in Context

(dollars in billions)

THUD

Regular

Discretionary

Net Budget

Authority

FY2022

Enacted

FY2023

Enacted

President’s

FY2024

Request

House

FY2024 302(b)

Senate

FY2024 302(b)

FY2024

Enacted

81.038

87.332

98.876

65.208

97.484a

89.484

Sources: The FY2022 Enacted amounts are from CBO, Report on the Status of Discretionary Appropriations,

Fiscal Year 2022, House of Representatives, as of July 28, 2022, https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/2022-08/

FY2022-House-2022-07-28.pdf. The FY2023 Enacted amounts are from CBO, CBO Estimate for Divisions A

through N of H.R. 2617 (as modified by S.A. 6552), the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023, December 21,

2022, https://www.cbo.gov/publication/58872. The FY2024 House Appropriations Committee initial

suballocations are as published at https://appropriations.house.gov/sites/evo-subsites/republicansappropriations.house.gov/files/documents/FY24%20House%20Subcommittee%20Allocations%206.13.23_0.pdf.

The latest FY2023 Senate Appropriations Committee suballocations as of the date of this report were as

published in S.Rept. 118-169, but have been adjusted to account for the $10.371 billion in emergency spending

not subject to spending caps. The FY2024 enacted comes from the CBO score of the Consolidated

Appropriations Act, https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/2024-03/

Consolidated%20Appropriations%20Act%202024.pdf. See Table 2 for President’s Budget amount.

Notes: Amounts reflect current-year discretionary budget authority subject to spending limits. Emergency

appropriations and mandatory funding, which do not count against discretionary spending limits, are excluded.

a. Total appears to include amounts designated for an emergency requirement, which, in the Senate bill,

totaled $10.371 billion.

FY2024 THUD Appropriations Process

The following summarizes FY2024 appropriations actions; Table 2 tracks FY2024 THUD

funding at the bill title level.

President’s Budget

As noted earlier, the President’s Budget request to Congress was submitted on March 9, 2023. For

the agencies that comprise the THUD budget, it proposed the following:

•

$27.9 billion in discretionary funding for DOT, which is 3.1% less than enacted

for FY2023. The budget also included $79.4 billion in mandatory funding, for an

overall DOT total of $107.3 billion (+0.8% compared to FY2023). (DOT will

also receive an additional $36.8 billion outside the FY2024 appropriation process

from Division J of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act [IIJA].)

11 S.Rept. 118-45.

12 S.Rept. 118-57, S.Rept. 118-69, S.Rept. 118-78, S.Rept. 118-98, S.Rept. 118-108, S.Rept. 118-162, S.Rept. 118-169.

Congressional Research Service

THUD Appropriations: FY2024

•

$70.6 billion in net budget authority—which accounts for savings from offsetting

receipts and collections, which is 21% more than the comparable FY2023 nonemergency total and 14% more when accounting for the emergency funding for

regular program activities. In terms of gross appropriations (not accounting or

offsets or rescissions), there is $73.3 billion in gross new appropriations for

HUD, which is 7.0% more than enacted for FY2023. However, the FY2023

appropriations law also included $3.6 billion in emergency funding to support

regular HUD program activities. When accounting for those funds, the FY2024

request is 1.6% more than FY2023.

$453 million for the THUD related agencies, 7.9% more than FY2023.

House Action

On July 24, 2023, the House Appropriations Committee reported its FY2024 THUD

appropriations bill, following subcommittee markup on July 12. H.R. 4820, as reported, proposed

$144.6 billion in total funding—$65.2 billion in discretionary funding—for THUD in FY2024,

including the following:

•

$21.6 billion in discretionary funding for DOT, which is 24.9% less than

FY2023. H.R. 4820 also included $79.3 billion in mandatory funding, for an

overall DOT total of $100.9 billion (-5.1% compared to FY2023).

$68.2 billion in net budget authority for HUD, which is an increase of 17.3%

above the comparable FY2023 non-emergency total and a 10.4% increase when

accounting for emergency funding for regular program operations. Excluding

savings from offsets and rescissions, H.R. 4820 proposed $71.5 billion in gross

appropriations to fund HUD’s programs and activities; that is an increase of 4.3%

above the FY2023 non-emergency total and a 0.9% decrease when accounting

for emergency funding provided in FY2023 for regular program operations.

$452 million for the THUD related agencies, 7.8% more than FY2023.

A rescission of $25.0 billion in funding from the Department of the Treasury’s

Internal Revenue Service (IRS).

Floor consideration of H.R. 4820 began on November 6, following Rules Committee action on

November 2; proceedings were suspended without resolution on November 7.

Senate Action

On July 20, the Senate Appropriations Committee reported its FY2024 THUD appropriations bill,

S. 2437. The text of that legislation was incorporated into a three-bill spending package and

passed by the full Senate on November 1 (H.R. 4366). It included $167.5 billion in total regular

funding—including $88.1 billion in regular discretionary budget authority—as well as $10.8

billion in emergency funding for THUD in FY2024. It proposed the following:

•

$28.0 billion in non-emergency net discretionary funding for DOT, which is

2.7% less than FY2023, but 30% more than H.R. 4820. Including mandatory

funding, the overall proposed DOT total was $107.4 billion (1.0% more than

FY2023 and 6.4% more than H.R. 4820). Additionally, the Senate bill proposed

$469 million in emergency discretionary funding for regular program operations

at the FAA.

Congressional Research Service

THUD Appropriations: FY2024

•

$59.7 billion in net budget authority for HUD, which is 2.6% more than FY2023

and 12.4% less than H.R. 4820. Excluding savings from offsets and rescissions,

S. 2437 proposed $62.7 billion in gross regular (non-emergency) appropriations

for HUD, a decrease of 8.6% relative to FY2023 and a decrease of 12.4% relative

to H.R. 4820. As in FY2023, S. 2437 proposed additional emergency-designated

funding ($10.4 billion) to support HUD’s regular program activities. When

accounting for these emergency funds, S. 2437 included $73.0 billion in gross

appropriations for HUD in FY2024, which is 1.2% more than FY2023 and 2.1%

more than H.R. 4820.

$438 million for the THUD related agencies (4.3% more than FY2023; 3.2% less

than H.R. 4820).

Continuing Resolutions

Because full-year appropriations were not enacted before the start of the fiscal year, Congress

passed and the President signed a series of continuing resolutions (CRs) to fund the

government—including those agencies typically funded under the THUD bill—until final

enactment of full-year appropriations.

•

The first CR extended funding through November 17, 2023 (P.L. 118-15). It

generally funded agencies at their FY2023 levels, with some anomalies

addressing technical budget issues. The CR also extended the federal aviation

program’s authorization, which was scheduled to expire on October 1, 2023,

through December 31, 2023. That date was further extended, through March 8,

2024, by the Airport and Airway Extension Act of 2023, Part II (P.L. 118-34).

A second CR was enacted on November 16, 2023 (P.L. 118-22). It extended the

term of the prior CR through January 19, 2024, for four appropriation bills,

including THUD; and through February 2, 2024, for the remaining eight bills.

A third CR was signed into law on January 19, 2024, which extended funding for

four appropriations bills, including THUD, through March 1, 2024; and for the

remaining eight bills through March 8, 2024 (P.L. 118-35).

The fourth and final CR was signed into law on March 1, 2024 (P.L. 118-40). It

extended funding for THUD and the three other bills with funding slated to

expire that day through March 8, 2024 (and the remaining eight bills through

March 22, 2024).

Final Action

On March 9, 2024, the FY2024 Consolidated Appropriations Act was signed into law (P.L. 11842), following passage by the House on March 6 and the Senate on March 8. The law provides

full FY2024 funding for six bills, including THUD (Division F). It contains the following:

•

$27.0 billion in non-emergency net discretionary funding for DOT, which is

6.1% less than FY2023, about 25% more than was proposed in the House

Appropriations Committee bill, and 3.5% less than was proposed by the Senate.

Including mandatory funding, the overall DOT total is $106.4 billion (essentially

equal to FY2023).

$62.1 billion in regular (non-emergency) net budget authority for HUD, which is

6.7% more than FY2023, about 9% less than proposed by the House

Appropriations Committee, and 4% more than proposed by the Senate. This net

Congressional Research Service

THUD Appropriations: FY2024

•

total reflects $67.7 billion in gross regular (non-emergency) appropriations for

HUD (which is a decrease of 1.1% relative to FY2023) and $5.7 billion in

savings from offsets and rescissions. The amount of savings from offsets and

rescissions is 47% less than FY2023, but more than double what was estimated

for the House Appropriations Committee and Senate bills, as a result of scoring

instructions from the Budget committees. Additionally, as in FY2023 and

proposed in the Senate, the final law provides emergency funding ($8 billion) to

support HUD’s regular program activities. When accounting for these emergency

funds, the law provides $75.7 billion in gross appropriations for HUD in

FY2024, which is 5% more than FY2023, nearly 6% more than the House

Appropriations Committee bill, and 3.7% more than the Senate.

$428 million for the THUD related agencies (1.9% more than FY2023, 5.4% less

than H.R. 4820, and 2.3% less than the Senate).

Table 2. THUD Appropriations by Bill Title, FY2023-FY2024

(dollars in millions)

FY2024

Request

FY2024

House

Comm.

106,349a

107,252

100,915

107,366b

106,365

Discretionary

28,735a

27,850

21,574

27,964b

26,987c

Mandatory

77,614

79,402

79,342

79,402

79,378

58,178d

70,573

68,217

59,689e

62,069f,c

420

453

452

438

428

-25,035

164,946e

178,278

144,550

167,493g

168,862f

Total Discretionary

87,332e

98,876

65,208

88,091g

89,484f

Total Mandatory

77,614

79,402

79,342

79,402

79,378

Emergency Appropriations

9,640h

10,840i

8,000j

Additional Appropriations (DOT, IIJA)

36,811

FY2023

Enacted

Title I: DOT

Title II: HUD

Title III: Related Agencies

Title IV: General Provisions

THUD Total

FY2024

Senate

FY2024

Enacted

Sources: FY2023 Enacted, FY2024 President’s Request, and FY2024 House figures are taken from the

Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 118-154, as well as congressional

budget justifications. FY2024 Senate figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority

table, as published in S.Rept. 118-70. Final FY2024 enacted figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of

New Budget Authority tables published in the Explanatory Statement accompanying H.R. 4366 as passed the

House and the Senate, as well as the text of the Explanatory Statement and bill, all available in the March 5, 2024,

Congressional Record for Division F. IIJA appropriations taken from S.Rept. 118-70 accompanying S. 2437, “Other

Appropriations.” Some figures have been adjusted for comparability.

Notes: Values may not sum to totals or exactly match source materials because of rounding. Totals include both

discretionary budget authority and contract authority (a type of mandatory budget authority provided to DOT

that is not included in the bill’s discretionary budget authority figure). Amounts noted as “emergency” are

excluded when calculating total funds countable towards 302(b) allocation.

a. Excludes $1.107 billion in supplemental appropriations designated as an emergency requirement provided by

Division N of P.L. 117-328, shown under “Emergency Appropriations” later in this table.

b. Excludes $469 million in appropriations designated as emergency spending in the bill, shown under

“Emergency Appropriations” later in this table.

Congressional Research Service

THUD Appropriations: FY2024

Section 549 of Division C of P.L. 118-47 amended the FY2024 THUD appropriations act to rescind from

unobligated balances $1 million from HUD’s Community Development Fund account (Economic

Development Initiatives grants) and to increase funding for DOT’s Transit Infrastructure Grants by $1

million. Those adjustments are not reflected in this table.

Excludes $2 billion in emergency disaster Community Development Block Grant Disaster Recovery

(CDBG-DR) funding provided by P.L. 117-180 and $6.623 billion in supplemental funding for HUD provided

in Division N of P.L. 117-328, shown under “Emergency Appropriations” later in this table.

Excludes $10.371 billion in appropriations designated as emergency spending in the bill, shown under

“Emergency Appropriations” later in this table.

Excludes $8 billion in appropriations designated as emergency spending in the bill, shown under “Emergency

Appropriations” later in this table.

Excludes $10.840 billion in appropriations designated as emergency spending in the bill, shown under

“Emergency Appropriations” later in this table. Excludes $36.811 billion in advance appropriations provided

to DOT in Division J, Title VIII of the IIJA (P.L. 117-58).

Includes $7.640 billion in supplemental appropriations designated as an emergency requirement provided by

Division N of P.L. 117-328 and $2 billion in enacted funding from Section 155 of the FY2023 Continuing

Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. 117-180) for CDBG disaster recovery

grants (CDBG-DR) for unmet needs arising from disasters declared in 2021 and 2022. Excludes $1 billion in

mandatory funding appropriated to HUD by Title III of the Inflation Reduction Act (P.L. 117-169) for

“Improving energy efficiency or water efficiency or climate resilience of affordable housing”; and $36.811

billion in advance appropriations provided to DOT in Division J, Title VIII of the IIJA (P.L. 117-58).

Reflects $10.840 billion in appropriations for regular program operations designated as emergency spending

in the bill.

Reflects $8 billion in appropriations for regular program operations designated as emergency spending in

the bill.

Department of Transportation

DOT operates the nation’s air traffic control system; regulates aviation, commercial trucking, and

motor vehicle safety; and provides grants to support aviation, highway, transit, and passenger rail

infrastructure as well as highway, maritime, and pipeline safety.

The majority of DOT’s annual funding is established by two periodic authorization acts, one for

surface transportation programs and one for aviation programs. Most of the funding for the

programs in those acts is drawn from the DOT Highway Trust Fund and the Aviation and Airways

Trust Fund, respectively. Highway Trust Fund revenues come largely from fuel taxes and

increasingly from transfers from the general fund of the Treasury. Aviation and Airways Trust

Fund revenues come largely from taxes on passenger tickets and aviation fuel and some general

fund money.

Most of the funding drawn from the Highway Trust Fund, and a portion of the funding drawn

from the Aviation and Airways Trust Fund, is in the form of contract authority, a type of budget

authority that is considered mandatory, rather than discretionary, and thus does not count against

the THUD bill’s 302(b) suballocation. Thus, while DOT’s discretionary appropriation for FY2024

was $27 billion, the agency also received $79 billion in new mandatory funding from its trust

funds, for a total of $106 billion in new budget authority, roughly equal to FY2023. DOT also

received an additional $37 billion in advance appropriations for FY2024 from the Infrastructure

Investment and Jobs Act (P.L. 117-58), for a grand total of $143 billion in newly available

funding for FY2024, about the same as in FY2023. Table 3 provides detailed appropriations

information for DOT accounts and selected sub-accounts, comparing FY2023 enacted to FY2024

requested, proposed, and enacted.

Congressional Research Service

THUD Appropriations: FY2024

Table 3. Department of Transportation, FY2023-FY2024 Detailed Appropriations

(dollars in millions)

FY2023

Enacted

FY2024

Request

FY2024

House

Comm.

FY2024

Senate

FY2024

Enacted

Office of the Secretary (OST)

1,550

2,104

674

1,524

1,067

Salaries and Expenses

171

220

177

191

Research and Technology

National Infrastructure Investments

800

1,220

—

800

345

Thriving Communities Initiative

100

—

National Surface Transportation and

Innovation Finance Bureau

Rural and Tribal Infrastructure

Enhancement

—

Railroad Rehabilitation and

Improvement Program (negative

subsidy)

—

-3

Financial Management Capital

Cyber Security Initiatives

Office of Civil Rights

Transportation Planning, Research, and

Development

Community Project

Funding/Congressionally Directed

Spending (non-add)

—

505

—

522

Payments to air carriers (Essential Air

Service)

355

349

Essential Air Service (Overflight Fees)

(non-add)

122

154

—

155

154

Electric Vehicle Fleet

—

Volpe National Transportation

Systems Center

—

National Infrastructure Investments

(Sec. 109) (reappropriation)

—

15,674

16,458

16,203

16,461

16,733

Operations

11,915

12,741

12,730

12,741

12,730

Facilities & equipment

2,945

3,462

2,973

2,960

3,191

Administrations and Accounts

Appropriationsa

Working Capital Fund (non-add)

Small and Disadvantaged Business

Utilization and Outreach

Federal Aviation Administration

(FAA)

Congressional Research Service

THUD Appropriations: FY2024

FY2023

Enacted

FY2024

Request

FY2024

House

Comm.

FY2024

Senate

FY2024

Enacted

Community Project

Funding/Congressionally Directed

Spending (non-add)

—

Research, Engineering, and

Development (Airport & Airway Trust

Fund)

255

196

260

280

Airport Discretionary Grants

559

—

304

501

532

284

—

304

201

482

Federal Highway Administration

(FHWA)

3,418

—

1,362

2,047

2,225

Highway Infrastructure Programs

3,418

—

1,362

2,047

2,225

1,863

—

1,212

702

1,884

National Highway Traffic Safety

Administration (NHTSA)

210

304

260

222

223

Operations and research

210

304

260

222

223

Federal Railroad Administration

(FRA)

3,407

4,770

1,453

3,454

3,024

Safety and Operations

250

273

274

268

Railroad Research and Development

Federal-State Partnership for Intercity

Passenger Rail

100

560

—

100

Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and

Safety Improvements

535

510

259

573

199

Community Project

Funding/Congressionally Directed

Spending (non-add)

—

Consolidated Rail Infrastructure and

Safety Improvements (Sec. 159)

—

Railroad Crossing Elimination Program

—

250

—

Restoration and Enhancement grants

—

2,453

3,068

876

2,454

2,428

Northeast Corridor

1,260

1,227

1,141

National Network

1,193

1,841

776

1,313

1,286

3,474

3,038

681

2,876

2,615

542

—

131

268

252b

361

—

131

207

Administrations and Accounts

Community Project

Funding/Congressionally Directed

Spending (non-add)

Community Project

Funding/Congressionally Directed

Spending (non-add)

Amtrak Grants

Federal Transit Administration (FTA)

Transit Infrastructure Grants

Community Project

Funding/Congressionally Directed

Spending (non-add)

Congressional Research Service

THUD Appropriations: FY2024

FY2023

Enacted

FY2024

Request

FY2024

House

Comm.

FY2024

Senate

FY2024

Enacted

Transit Research

—

Technical Assistance and Training

2,210

2,850

392

2,450

2,205

Capital Investment Grants (Sec. 165)

425

—

Grants to Washington Metropolitan

Area Transit Authority

150

Capital Investment Grants

(reappropriation)

140

—

Great Lakes Saint Lawrence Seaway

Development Corporation

Operations and Maintenance

Maritime Administration (MARAD)

963

980

760

1,205

982

Maritime Security Program

318

Cable Security Fleet

—

Tanker Security Program

120

Operations and Training

213

290

210

284

268

State Maritime Academy Operations

121

131

126

Assistance to Small Shipyards

Ship Disposal

Maritime Guaranteed Loan Program

103

Port Infrastructure Development

Program

212

230

213

120

—

National Defense Reserve Fleet

—

Pipeline and Hazardous Materials

Safety Administration (PHMSA)

291

340

311

333

324

Operational Expenses

Hazardous Material Safety

Pipeline Safety

190

228

198

226

218

Office of Inspector General

108

121

116

Salaries and expenses

108

121

116

28,972

27,958

21,693

28,082

27,162

-399

-306

-287

-314

-363

PHMSA—User Fees

-161

-198

-167

-196

-188

OST—National Infrastructure

Investments (Sec. 109)

-27

-3

-9

Administrations and Accounts

Capital Investments Grants

Community Project

Funding/Congressionally Directed

Spending (non-add)

Total Appropriations

Rescissions, User Fees and Other

Offsets

Congressional Research Service

THUD Appropriations: FY2024

FY2023

Enacted

FY2024

Request

FY2024

House

Comm.

FY2024

Senate

FY2024

Enacted

FAA—Rescission of Unobligated

Balances

—

-2

FHWA—Administrative Provisions

—

-105

-53

-68

FRA—Rescission

-3

—

-53

-140

—

-1

—

-1

-140

—

-67

—

-6

—

-42

Maritime Security Program

-55

—

-6

—

-17

Tanker Security Program

—

-21

Ship Disposal

-12

—

-4

—

469

—

469

—

Net Discretionary Budget Authority

28,735c

27,850

21,574

28,433d

26,987b

Limitations on obligations (Mandatory

Funding)

77,614

79,402

79,342

79,402

79,378

106,349c

107,252

100,915

107,834d

106,365b

36,811

143,160

144,063

137,726

144,645

143,176b

Administrations and Accounts

FTA

Unobligated Balances

(Rescission)(Sec. 165)

Capital Investment Grants

(Rescission)

MARAD

Emergency Appropriations

FTA

Total Budgetary Resources

(Mandatory + Discretionary)

Additional (Advance) Appropriations

(Emergency)

Total Budgetary Resources, Including

Emergency

Sources: FY2023 Enacted, FY2024 President’s Request, and FY2024 House figures are taken from the

Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 118-154 beginning on page 410,

as well as congressional budget justifications and the text of H.Rept. 118-154 and H.R. 4820. FY2024 Senate

figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in S.Rept. 11870, beginning on page 219, as well as the text of S.Rept. 118-70 and S. 2437. Final FY2024 enacted figures are

taken from the text of the Explanatory Statement and text of H.R. 4366, as published in the March 5, 2024,

Congressional Record for Division F. Some figures have been adjusted for comparability.

Note: Values may not sum to totals or exactly match source materials because of rounding.

a. Administration level totals shown do not reflect savings from rescissions; rescissions are shown later in the

table.

b. Section 549 of Division C of P.L. 118-47 amended the FY2024 THUD appropriations act to rescind from

unobligated balances $1 million from HUD’s Community Development Fund account (Economic

Development Initiatives grants) and to increase funding for DOT’s Transit Infrastructure Grants by $1

million. That adjustment is not reflected here or in the totals.

c. Excludes $1.107 billion in supplemental appropriations designated as an emergency requirement provided by

Division N of P.L. 117-328.

d. Senate budget documents present the net discretionary budget total including emergency funding.

Emergency funding is not generally included in this total for purposes of budget enforcement. The

comparable non-emergency total is $27,964 million.

Congressional Research Service

THUD Appropriations: FY2024

Major Differences Between House and Senate Proposed Funding

The House Appropriations Committee-passed bill (hereinafter, “House Committee-passed bill”)

would have provided $100.9 billion in total funding for DOT, 5.1% ($5.4 billion) below the

FY2023 level and 6.4% ($6.9 billion) below the Senate FY2024 level. The major difference in

funding between the House Committee-passed bill and Senate-passed bill came in the

discretionary portion of DOT’s budget: the House Committee-passed bill would have provided

$21.6 billion in new appropriations, 24% ($6.8 billion) less than the Senate bill (including

emergency-designated funding) and 25% ($7.3 billion) less than the comparable FY2023 enacted

amount.

The final FY2024 appropriations law provides nearly the same amount of total funding

(mandatory plus discretionary) for DOT ($106.37 billion) when compared to FY2023 ($106.35

billion), when excluding emergency appropriations. The enacted bill provides 25% ($5.413

billion) more in net new discretionary appropriations than the House Committee-passed bill

proposed and 6.8% ($1.915 billion) less than the Senate proposed, when excluding emergency

appropriations.

Four budget items accounted for most of the difference between the House committee and Senate

discretionary funding:

•

The National Infrastructure Investments account provides funding for the RAISE

Grant program (49 U.S.C. §6702), a competitive discretionary grant program

under which states, localities, and other entities can apply for funding for local

highways and bridges, public transportation, freight and passenger rail, port

infrastructure, and bicycle and pedestrian improvements. Also within this account

is the National Infrastructure Project Assistance program (49 U.S.C. §6701),

known as the Mega Grant program, which provides grants for nationally or

regionally significant highway, transit, rail, port, or multimodal projects. The

President’s FY2024 budget requested a 50% increase over FY2023 enacted levels

for National Infrastructure Investments dedicated to Mega program grants ($1.2

billion requested, compared to $800 million in FY2023). The House Committeepassed bill contained no new funding for this account. The House Committee

report cited the availability of IIJA funding ($2.5 billion in FY2024). The Senate

proposed $800 million dedicated to RAISE Grants. The final FY2024 enacted

amount was $345 million.

The Highway Infrastructure Program provides funding to states for programs

administered by FHWA. For FY2024, the House Committee-passed bill

contained $1.362 billion a 60% decrease in funding from the FY2023 enacted

level of $3.418 billion. The House Committee report cited the availability of IIJA

funding in FY2024 for similar purposes. The Senate-passed bill contained

additional funding in FY2024 of $2.047 billion. The enacted FY2024 funding

level of $2.225 billion was 8.7% more ($178 million) than the level proposed by

the Senate, and $1.2 billion less (-35%) than provided in FY2023.

Amtrak grants provide funding to Amtrak for intercity passenger rail

infrastructure, equipment, maintenance and operating subsidies. The President’s

FY2024 budget requested a 25% increase in discretionary funding for the Amtrak

account over enacted FY2023 funding ($,3.068 billion requested compared to

$2.453 billion in FY2023), whereas the House Committee-passed bill contained

$0.876 billion and the Senate-passed bill contained $2.454 billion. The FY2024

enacted amount was $2.428 billion. Under the IIJA, the Amtrak grants account is

Congressional Research Service

THUD Appropriations: FY2024

also slated to receive $4.4 billion annually in additional appropriations for

FY2024 through FY2026.

The Capital Investment Grant Program provides funding for transit infrastructure projects

popularly known as New Starts, Small Starts, and Core Capacity. For FY2024, the House

Committee passed an 82% reduction in funding for this account below the FY2023 enacted

funding level. In H.Rept. 118-154, the House Committee noted that $402 million in unallocated

funding from the Consolidated Appropriations Act, FY2022 (P.L. 117-103) and the advance

appropriations for the account from the IIJA would sufficiently fund projects that anticipate grant

agreements in FY2024. The President requested a 29% increase in funding for FY2024 above the

FY2023 enacted level. The Senate-passed bill contained an 11% percent increase for FY2024

above the FY2023 enacted level. The FY2024 enacted funding level nearly matches the FY2023

enacted level.

Additional Funding for FY2024 Provided in the IIJA

DOT received $184.1 billion in additional appropriations for many DOT programs in Division J,

Title VIII, of the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (IIJA; P.L. 117-58; also referred to as the

bipartisan infrastructure law or BIL). These funds were appropriated in FY2022, but were

divided into equal portions ($36.8 billion) that become available each year of the authorization

period (FY2022-FY2026) for certain DOT programs authorized in Divisions A-C of the IIJA. The

$36.8 billion in additional annual funding is more than DOT typically received in annul

discretionary appropriations. For some agencies within DOT, this additional funding represents a

relatively small addition to their regular annual funding level (e.g., $9.5 billion on top of $62.3

billion for FHWA); for other agencies, the additional funding is greater than the regular annual

funding level (e.g., $13.2 billion on top of $3.0 billion for FRA). Table 4 shows discretionary,

mandatory, and IIJA funding to provide an estimation of the total amount of FY2024 funding

available by DOT administration.

Table 4. FY2024 DOT Budget Authority by Administration and Source

(dollars in millions)

Administrations

IIJA Funding

Discretionary

Appropriations

(net of

rescissions)

Office of the Secretary (OST)

3,800

1,058

—

4,858

Federal Aviation Administration

(FAA)

5,000

16,732

3,350

25,082

Federal Highway Administration

(FHWA)

9,454

2,156

60,096

71,706

Federal Motor Carrier Safety

Administration (FMCSA)

135

—

927

1,062

National Highway Traffic Safety

Administration (NHTSA)

322

223

1,015

1,560

Federal Railroad Administration

(FRA)

13,200

2,970

—

16,170

Federal Transit Administration

(FTA)

4,250

2,614

13,990

20,854

Congressional Research Service

Mandatory

Total

THUD Appropriations: FY2024

IIJA Funding

Discretionary

Appropriations

(net of

rescissions)

Mandatory

Total

Great Lakes Saint Lawrence

Seaway Development

Corporation

—

Maritime Administration

(MARAD)

450

941

—

1,391

Pipeline and Hazardous

Materials Safety Administration

(PHMSA)

200

136

336

Office of the Inspector General

—

116

—

116

Total Appropriations by Type

36,811

26,987

79,378

143,176

Administrations

Source: Supplemental funding is retrieved from S.Rept. 118-70 accompanying S. 2437, “Other Appropriations,”

pp. 224-227. Final FY2024 enacted figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority

tables published in the Explanatory Statement accompanying H.R. 4366 as passed the House and Senate, as well

as the text of the Explanatory Statement and bill, all available in the March 5, 2024 Congressional Record for

Division F.

Note: IIJA funds were provided by Division J, Title VIII of the IIJA (P.L. 117-58). Discretionary totals are net of

any rescissions or user fee collections. Administration totals shown here will not match those in Table 3 because

these totals are net of rescissions.

a. Emergency Preparedness Grants received $46.825 million in mandatory funding from the Emergency

Preparedness Fund.

Department of Housing and Urban Development

Overview

HUD is the nation’s housing agency. The programs and activities it administers are designed

primarily to address housing problems faced by households with very low incomes or other

special housing needs, and to expand access to homeownership.13 The largest share of HUD’s

budget is devoted to its rental assistance programs: Section 8 Housing Choice Vouchers; projectbased rental assistance via Section 8, Section 202, and Section 811; and public housing. These

programs, which serve over 4.6 million households, provide subsidies to allow low-income

recipients to pay below-market, income-based rent.

Two flexible block grant programs—the HOME Investment Partnerships grant program and the

Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) program—help states and local governments

finance a variety of housing and community development activities designed to serve low-income

families. Indian tribes receive their own direct housing and community development grants

through the Native American Housing Block Grant and Indian Community Development Block

Grant programs.

Other more specialized grant programs help communities meet the needs of homeless persons

(through the Homeless Assistance Grants, namely the Continuum of Care and Emergency

Solutions Grants programs), including those living with HIV/AIDS (through the Housing

13 For more information about federal housing assistance programs, see CRS Report RL34591, Overview of Federal

Housing Assistance Programs and Policy, by Maggie McCarty, Libby Perl, and Katie Jones.

Congressional Research Service

THUD Appropriations: FY2024

Opportunities for Persons with AIDS program). Additional programs fund fair housing

enforcement activities and lead-based paint hazard identification and remediation, along with

other healthy homes initiatives.

HUD’s Federal Housing Administration (FHA) insures mortgages made by lenders to

homebuyers with low down payments and to developers of multifamily rental buildings

containing relatively affordable units. FHA collects fees from borrowers with FHA-insured

mortgages, which are used to sustain its insurance funds. The Government National Mortgage

Association (GNMA) is also a part of HUD and it guarantees securities made up of federally

insured or guaranteed mortgages.

Components of HUD Funding

Nearly all of HUD’s funding is provided via discretionary appropriations, generally contained in the annual

Transportation, HUD, and Related Agencies (THUD) appropriations act. (HUD programs may also receive

additional resources from supplemental or other funding measures in some years, most often in response to

disasters.) The annual THUD bill provides budget authority via appropriations for HUD programs and activities for

a given fiscal year. The cost of that budget authority, as determined by the Congressional Budget Office’s (CBO’s)

scorekeeping process, is generally reduced by offsetting receipts from the FHA’s loan programs and GNMA’s

securitization of federally insured or guaranteed mortgages. To a lesser extent, other collections and rescissions of

prior-year appropriations can also offset the cost of the HUD budget. Deducting the savings from offsets and

rescissions from the gross budget authority provided to HUD results in the net budget authority. Generally, gross

budget authority is the most useful measure of the new resources being provided for HUD’s programs and

activities whereas net budget authority is used for budget enforcement purposes and measuring against 302(b)

allocations. Any funding designated as an emergency requirement provided in the regular annual appropriations acts

or in supplemental spending bills, is generally exempt for purposes of budget enforcement.

HUD also generally receives a relatively small amount of mandatory funding outside of the annual appropriations

process, such as contributions from the Government Sponsored Enterprises (Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac) to

fund the Housing Trust Fund. These mandatory funds are generally not reflected in this report.

FY2024 HUD Appropriations

Table 5 provides detailed appropriations information for HUD accounts and selected subaccounts, comparing FY2023 enacted to FY2024.

Table 5. Department of Housing and Urban Development,

FY2023-FY2024 Detailed Appropriations

(dollars in millions)

FY2023

Enacted

FY2024

Request

FY2024

House

Comm.

FY2024

Senate

FY2024

Enacted

Salaries and Expenses (Management and

Administration)

1,732

1,867

1,745

1,832

1,803

Tenant-Based Rental Assistance

(Section 8 Housing Choice Vouchers)a

27,600

32,703

31,132

26,449

26,387

Tenant-Based Rental Assistance (inc. emergency)

30,254b

32,703

31,132

31,738c

32,387d

Voucher Renewals (non-add, inc. emergency)

26,403

27,840

27,375

27,766

28,491

Administrative Fees (non-add)

2,778

3,202

2,734

2,781

2,771

Accounts

Appropriations

VASH (non-add)

Congressional Research Service

THUD Appropriations: FY2024

FY2023

Enacted

FY2024

Request

FY2024

House

Comm.

FY2024

Senate

FY2024

Enacted

FUP (non-add)

Other Incremental Vouchers (non-add)

565

Mobility services (non-add)

—

8,514

8,893

8,363

8,875

8,811

Operating Grants (non-add)

5,109

5,133

5,103

5,530

5,476

Capital Grants (non-add)

3,200

3,225

3,180

3,200

—

300

Operational Performance Evaluation and Risk

Assessmentse

—

Choice Neighborhoods

350

185

150

Self Sufficiency Programs

175

198

196

Native American Programs

1,020

1,053

1,344

1,082

1,344

Native American Block Grants (Formula) (non-add)

787

820

1,110

849

1,111

Native American Block Grants (Competitive) (nonadd)

150

Indian Community Development Block Grants

(non-add)

Indian housing loan guarantee

Native Hawaiian block grant

Housing, persons with AIDS (HOPWA)

499

505

Community Development Fund

6,397

3,415

5,554

4,491

6,720

CDBG Formula Grants

3,300

SUPPORT for Patients and Communities

Grants to Reduce Barriers to Affordable Housing

100

Economic Development Initiatives—Congressionally

Directed Spending/Community Project Fundingf

2,982

2,224

1,061

3,290g

1,500

1,800

500

1,500

1,250

Preservation and Reinvestment Initiative for

Community Enhancement

225

Self-Help Homeownership

Self-Help and Assisted Homeownership

Opportunity Program

Section 4 Capacity Building

Rural Capacity Building

Veterans Home Rehabilitation and Modification

Pilot Program

Homeless Assistance Grants

3,633

3,749

3,729

3,908

4,051

Project-Based Rental Assistance (Section 8)a

13,938

15,904

15,820

10,709

14,010

Accounts

Public Housing Fund

Climate Resiliency/Utility Consumption Reduction

Grants (non-add)

HOME Investment Partnerships

Congressional Research Service

THUD Appropriations: FY2024

Accounts

FY2023

Enacted

FY2024

Request

FY2024

House

Comm.

FY2024

Senate

FY2024

Enacted

Project-Based Rental Assistance (inc. emergency)

14,907h

15,904

15,820

15,791i

16,010j

Contract Renewals (inc. emergency)

14,564

15,372

15,310

15,542

Contract Administrators

343

448

468

Service Coordinators for the Elderly

—

Distressed Property Assistance

—

Housing for the Elderly (Section 202)

1,075

1,023

913

1,075

913

Housing for Persons with Disabilities (Section 811)

360

356

208

360

208

Housing Counseling Assistance

Manufactured Housing Fees Trust Fundk

Federal Housing Administration (FHA) Expensesk

150

165

150

Government National Mortgage Association

(GNMA) Expensesk

60l

Research and technology

145

155

139

145

139

Fair housing activities

Fair Housing Assistance Program (non-add)

Fair Housing Initiatives Program (non-add)

Lead Hazard Reduction

410

345

350

296m

Information Technology Fund

375

415

371

375

383

Inspector General

146

154

153

Gross Appropriations Subtotal (non-emergency)

68,534

73,301

71,509

62,654

67,749g

Gross Appropriations Subtotal (inc. emergency)

72,157

73,301

71,509

73,025

75,749g

-14

FHA

-8,236

-1,278

-4,038n

GNMA

-2,106

-1,436

-10,356

-2,728

-5,488

Office of Lead Hazard and Healthy Homes

—

-564

-237

Other Rescissions

—

-192o

—

(564)

(237)

(192)p

58,178

70,573

68,217

59,689

62,069g

Disaster Relief

5,000q

Rental Assistance

3,623r

10,371s

8,000t

66,801

70,573

68,217

70,060

70,069g

Offsetting Collections and Receipts

Manufactured Housing Fees Trust Fund

Offsets Subtotal

Rescissions

Recissions Subtotal

Total Net Discretionary Budget Authority

(non-emergency)

Emergency-Designated Funding:

Total Net Discretionary Budget Authority

(inc. emergency)

Congressional Research Service

THUD Appropriations: FY2024

Sources: FY2023 Enacted, FY2024 President’s Request, and FY2024 House figures are taken from the

Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 118-154 beginning on page 410,

as well as congressional budget justifications and the text of H.Rept. 118-154 and H.R. 4820. FY2024 Senate

taken from the text of the Explanatory Statement and text of H.R. 4366, as published in the March 5, 2024,

Congressional Record for Division F. Some figures have been adjusted for comparability.

Notes: Values may not sum to totals or exactly match source materials because of rounding.

a. This account receives advance appropriations provided in the prior fiscal year and also includes

appropriations that become available in the subsequent fiscal year.

b. Includes $2.654 billion in additional funding provided by Division N and designated as an emergency

requirement.

c. Includes $5.829 billion provided in the account and designated as an emergency requirement.

d. Includes $6 billion provided in the account and designated as an emergency requirement.

e. This new account would fund HUD inspection of multifamily housing; this activity was previously funded

using resources from the Public Housing fund, PBRA, Section 202 and other accounts. For a full breakdown,

see https://www.hud.gov/sites/dfiles/CFO/documents/2024_CJ_Program_Template_-_OPERA.pdf.

Funding for the Economic Development Initiatives program is typically allocated via earmarks, also known as

Congressionally Directed Spending or Community Project Funding. For more information, see CRS Report

RS22866, Earmark Disclosure Rules in the House: Member and Committee Requirements, by Megan S. Lynch, and

CRS Report RS22867, Earmark Disclosure Rules in the Senate: Member and Committee Requirements, by Megan

S. Lynch.

g. Section 549 of Division C of P.L. 118-47 amended the FY2024 THUD appropriations act to rescind from

unobligated balances $1 million from HUD’s Community Development Fund account (Economic

Development Initiatives grants) and to increase funding for DOT’s Transit Infrastructure Grants by $1

million. Those adjustments are not reflected in this table.

h. Includes $969 million in additional funding provided by Division N and designated as an emergency

requirement.

Includes $5.081 billion in additional funding provided in the account and designated as an emergency

requirement.

Includes $2 billion provided in the account and designated as an emergency requirement.

k. Some or all of the cost of funding these accounts is offset by the collection of fees or other receipts. Those

offsets are shown later in this table.

Reflects an estimated $1 million in savings from a proposal for GNMA securitization of certain housing

finance agency loans contained in Section 230 of the general provisions in the President’s budget request.

m. The legislative text specified that the account shall receive $345 million for FY2024, but also that $49.4

million of that amount is to be derived from unobligated balances from prior-year appropriations to the

account, available for the same time period as originally appropriated. Thus, the new budget authority for

the account is $296 million.

n. According to the CBO cost estimate of the bill, “[T]he House and Senate Budget Committees have directed

CBO to use the Administration’s estimate of receipts to the Mutual Mortgage Insurance Fund (-$3,478

million) instead of CBO’s estimate of such receipts (-$718 million). As a result of that direction, CBO’s

estimate of spending under the jurisdiction of the Subcommittee on Transportation and Housing and Urban

Development includes an additional offset of -$2,760 million”; https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/2024-03/

Consolidated%20Appropriations%20Act%202024.pdf.

o. Section 236 of the HUD General Provisions includes the following rescissions of unobligated balances: $65

million from the Lead Hazard Reduction account as provided by P.L. 117-103; $20 million from the Public

Housing Fund provided by P.L. 117-238, remaining balances from defunct program accounts; and amounts

for the Self-Help and Assisted Homeownership Opportunity Program as authorized under Section 1079 of

P.L. 113-391.

p. Section 549 of Division C of P.L. 118-47 amended the FY2024 THUD appropriations act to rescind from

unobligated balances $1 million from HUD’s Community Development Fund account (Economic

Development Initiatives grants) and to increase funding for DOT’s Transit Infrastructure Grants by $1

million. That adjustment is not reflected in this account or in the totals. Other changes involving the award

of EDIs were included in Sections 551 and 552 of the law, but they did not affect account totals.

Congressional Research Service

THUD Appropriations: FY2024

Includes $3 billion for CDBG-DR provided by Division N of P.L. 117-328 and $2 billion provided by Section

155 of the FY2023 Continuing Appropriations and Ukraine Supplemental Appropriations Act (P.L. 117-180)

for unmet needs arising from disasters declared in 2021 and 2022.

Includes $2.654 billion for Tenant Based Rental Assistance and $969 million for Project Based Rental

Assistance billion provided by Division N of P.L. 117-328 and designated as emergency requirement.

Includes $5.829 billion provided to the TBRA account and $5.081 billion provided to the PBRA account and

designated as an emergency requirement.

Includes $6 billion provided to the TBRA account and $2 billion provided to the PBRA account and

designated as an emergency requirement.

Selected FY2024 HUD Appropriations Topics

Declining FHA Receipts

From FY2023 to FY2024, CBO estimated that the amount of offsetting receipts from HUD’s

Federal Housing Administration Mutual Mortgage Insurance (MMI) Fund declined by nearly $7

billion dollars, or almost 85%, to less than $1 billion in savings. This is a steeper decline than

initially estimated by the President’s FY2024 budget request to Congress; the President’s budget

estimated that FHA’s MMI Fund would generate about half of what was estimated for FY2023

(just under $3.5 billion in savings).14

As noted earlier, these receipts generally serve to offset the cost of providing new appropriations

for HUD’s programs and activities for budget enforcement purposes. As a result, it would require

an additional nearly $7 billion in new appropriations to provide the same amount of funding for

HUD’s programs and activities in FY2024 as was provided in FY2023 (not accounting for cost

increases related to inflation). This decline presented a particular challenge for the appropriations

process in light of lower overall discretionary spending levels in FY2024 under the terms of the

FRA (as discussed earlier, see “Statutory Budget Enforcement in FY2024”).

The amount of FHA receipts available each year is estimated by CBO based on assumptions

about the amount and performance of FHA-insured mortgages issued that year, as well as the fees

paid by borrowers. The decline in estimated receipts in FY2024 was largely driven by changes in

economic projections, such as house prices and interest rates, which affect expected loan volume

and credit subsidy rates. A HUD decision to reduce the fees charged to FHA borrowers15 also

contributed to the decline.

For the purposes of the final FY2024 appropriations agreement for THUD, the House and Senate

Budget Committees directed CBO to use the Administration’s estimates of offsetting receipts for

FHA’s Mutual Mortgage Insurance program instead of using their own estimates, as has been past

practice. According to CBO:

14 The President’s budget assumed offsetting receipts totaling $5.487 billion; the comparable CBO estimate was $1.278

billion.

15 HUD Public Affairs, “Biden-Harris Administration to Save FHA Homebuyers Average $800 Annually on Mortgage

Payments Through Premium Reduction; 30 Basis Point Reduction in FHA Annual Mortgage Insurance Premium

Supports Biden-Harris Administration Goals to Make Homeownership More Affordable and Accessible for Working

Families,” press release, February 22, 2023, https://www.hud.gov/press/press_releases_media_advisories/

hud_no_23_041.

Congressional Research Service

THUD Appropriations: FY2024

As a result of that direction, CBO’s estimate of spending under the jurisdiction of the

Subcommittee on Transportation and Housing and Urban Development includes an

additional offset of -$2,760 million.16

Emergency-Designated Funding for Rental Assistance Renewals

Among the largest expenses in HUD’s budget are the annual costs of renewing rental assistance

payments for the more than three million families who are served by the Section 8 Housing

Choice Voucher and project-based rental assistance programs. The renewal costs of these two

programs—funded by the Tenant-Based Rental Assistance (TBRA) and Project-Based Rental

Assistance (PBRA) accounts, respectively—generally account for more than half of the total new

funding for HUD’s programs and activities each year.17

As illustrated in Figure 1, the FY2023 appropriations law funded rental assistance renewal costs

for these two programs using a combination of regular appropriations (provided in Division L)

and supplemental emergency-designated funding (provided in Division N). Nearly 9% of the total

funding for rental assistance renewal costs in the TBRA and PBRA accounts in FY2023 was

provided as emergency designated spending, and therefore not subject to regular discretionary

spending limits, including the THUD subcommittee’s 302(b) allocations.

While neither the President’s budget nor H.R. 4820 proposed using emergency-designated

funding for rental assistance renewal costs in FY2024, as illustrated in Figure 1, the Senate bill

proposed to fund a larger share of rental assistance renewal expenses using emergency funding

than in FY2023. Nearly a quarter of rental assistance renewal funding would have been provided

as emergency designated spending under the Senate bill.

The final FY2024 appropriations act included more emergency designated spending for rental

assistance renewal funding than was provided in FY2023, but less, overall, than was proposed by

the Senate bill. Over 18% of all renewal funding is designated as an emergency requirement in

FY2024, accounting for more than 21% of renewal funding for the Housing Choice Voucher

program in the TBRA account and nearly 13% of project-based Section 8 renewal funding in the

PBRA account.

16 CBO Cost Estimate, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2024, March 5, 2024, p. 2, https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/

2024-03/Consolidated%20Appropriations%20Act%202024.pdf.

17 In FY2023, renewal funding in the TBRA and PBRA accounts, excluding emergency funding, accounted for 54.5%

of HUD’s regular gross appropriations.

Congressional Research Service

THUD Appropriations: FY2024

Figure 1. Rental Assistance Renewal Funding

Source: FY2023 Enacted figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as

published in H.Rept. 118-154, beginning on page 410. FY2024 Senate figures are taken from the Comparative

Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in S.Rept. 118-70, beginning on page 219. Final FY2024

enacted figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority tables published in the

Explanatory Statement accompanying H.R. 4366 as passed by the House and the Senate, as well as the text of the

Explanatory Statement and bill, all available in the March 5, 2024, Congressional Record for Division F. Some figures

have been adjusted from the source material for comparability.

Program Eliminations and Reductions in H.R. 4820

The total overall new funding for HUD programs and activities—or gross appropriations—

proposed by H.R. 4820 was lower than was provided in FY2023 (-1%), when accounting for

emergency-designated funds. This may be, in part, because H.R. 4820 did not use emergency

designations to offset some of the cost of new appropriations as was done in FY2023 and

proposed by S. 2437 (see the “Emergency-Designated Funding for Rental Assistance Renewals”

section of this report), particularly in light of the decline in offsetting receipts in FY2024 (see the

“Declining FHA Receipts” section of this report) and the lower 302(b) allocation for FY2024

relative to FY2023 (see Table 1).

To achieve this reduction in gross appropriations, H.R. 4820 proposed funding increases to

maintain current services in the primary rental assistance programs (+2.9% for the TBRA account

and +6.1% for the PBRA account), but proposed reduced funding for other programs and

activities. Slated for particularly large reductions were the following:

•

The Choice Neighborhoods account, which would have received no funding in

FY2024 (it received $350 million in FY2023) under the House Committeepassed bill. This account provides competitive grants to fund the substantial

rehabilitation of distressed public housing or other HUD-assisted multifamily

properties.

• The final FY2024 enacted law included $75 million for Choice

Neighborhoods, which is half of what was proposed by the Senate and a 79%

reduction relative to FY2023.

The HOME program, which would have been cut from $1.5 billion in FY2023 to

$500 million in FY2024 (-66.7%) under the House Committee-passed bill. This

program provides formula grants to states and localities to be used for affordable

housing purposes. H.Rept. 118-154 noted that the HOME program received $5

Congressional Research Service

THUD Appropriations: FY2024

•

billion from the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 for specific rental housing

activities,18 and that only 1% of those funds had been spent.

• The final FY2024 enacted law included $1.25 billion for HOME, a 17%

reduction relative to FY2023 and the Senate proposal, but more than twice

the amount proposed by the House Committee-passed bill.

The Section 202 and Section 811 accounts, which were proposed to be cut by

15.1% and 42.2%, respectively. These programs fund the development of rental

housing and provision of rental assistance for persons who are elderly or have

disabilities. H.Rept. 118-154 noted that the amounts provided would be sufficient

to maintain existing rental assistance contracts, but would not fund construction

of new units. It further noted that both programs had large balances of new

construction funding from prior years and directs the Secretary to expeditiously

award those funds.

• The final FY2024 enacted law funded these accounts at the House

Committee proposed levels.

General Provisions

Each year the THUD appropriations act includes dozens of General Provisions (GPs) for HUD,

which involve administrative guidance on how funding provided in the act should and should not

be used and, in some cases, amendments to laws that govern the agency’s programs and activities.

Many of these GPs are carried over from year to year, but some new GPs are generally added

each year. Some of the new GPs considered and/or enacted during the FY2024 appropriations

cycle are discussed below.

Rental Assistance Demonstration Expansion

Section 231 of the final FY2024 appropriations law included several amendments to the Rental

Assistance Demonstration (RAD), including extending the authority for RAD from 2024 until

2029, addressing partial conversions under Section 18 authority, and authorizing the conversion

of certain Section 811 rental assistance contracts under RAD. Similar provisions were requested

by the President and included in H.R. 4820 (§232) and S. 2437 (§239).

New Nonrecurring Expenses Fund Account

Section 235 of the FY2024 final appropriations act authorizes the creation of a new nonrecurring

expenses fund, as requested in the President’s FY2024 budget request and included in H.R. 4820

(§237) and S. 2437 (§240). The account will receive transfers of unobligated balances of expiring

discretionary funding from FY2024 and thereafter and the funds will be available until expended

for capital needs of the department.

Contract Administrators

Section 237 of the enacted THUD appropriations law includes a provision similar to a provision

in FY2023 and included in H.R. 4820 that prohibits HUD from using funding in the bill or in

prior acts to issue a solicitation or accept bids on a solicitation substantially equivalent to a draft

18 The HOME funding provided in the American Rescue Plan Act, known as HOME-ARP, has somewhat different

requirements related to eligible activities and eligible populations than the broader HOME program. For more

information on HOME-ARP, see https://www.hudexchange.info/programs/home-arp/.

Congressional Research Service

THUD Appropriations: FY2024

solicitation HUD published in July 2022. HUD has been unsuccessfully attempting to rebid the

performance-based contract administrator contracts it uses to help manage the PBRA program for

more than a decade. In the FY2024 budget request, the Administration sought a provision, which

was included in S. 2437 (§251) that would have authorized the department to use cooperative

agreements in lieu of procurement contracts when making performance-based contract

administrator awards for the PBRA program. While this authority was not included in the final

law, the explanatory statement notes, “the agreement recognizes that HUD faces a complicated

task of developing new PBCA arrangements before the existing agreements expire” and directs

the agency to develop any requests for necessary legislative changes in consultation with

stakeholders and the House and Senate authorizing and appropriations committees.19

Moving to Work Contract Extension

Section 241 of the enacted THUD appropriations law extends the term of certain existing Moving

to Work agreements from FY2028 through FY2038. This provision was not included in the

President’s budget request or in the House Committee-passed bill. A provision to extend the

contracts through FY2043 was included in S. 2437 (§252).

Continuum of Care Awards

Section 242 of the enacted THUD appropriations law allows HUD to provide two-year funding

award competitions for Continuum of Care (CoC) grants. The CoC program is the largest

competitive grant program in the government and it funds, via local providers, various forms of

housing assistance and related services for persons who are experiencing homelessness. This

provision was not included in the general provisions portion of the President’s FY2024 budget

request20or the House Committee-passed bill, but was included in S. 2437 (§253).

Housing Choice Voucher Waivers

Section 243 of the FY2024 enacted THUD funding bill authorizes the HUD Secretary to issue

waivers of various program requirements in administering certain special purpose vouchers

(Family Unification Program vouchers and mainstream vouchers for persons with disabilities).

This provision was not included in the President’s FY204 budget request or the House

Committee-passed bill, but was included in S. 2437 (§254).

Other Provisions, Not Enacted

A number of provisions proposed by the President, in the House Committee-passed bill and/or

Senate-passed bill were not included in the final law. Among others, these proposed provisions

were not included in the final appropriations law:

•

a statutory amendment to allow GNMA to securitize Section 542(c) multifamily

risk-sharing loans made by housing finance agencies and insured by FHA

(requested in the President’s FY2024 budget);

a new statutory authorization for HUD to make direct loans to support distressed

PBRA properties (requested in the President’s FY2024 budget);

19 Congressional Record, vol. 170, part 39 (March 5, 2024), pp. S1875-1876.

20 While this provision was not included in the GPs requested in the President’s budget request, HUD’s congressional

budget justifications indicated that the Department would seek changes in this policy area via the authorization process.

See page 21-8 of HUD’s FY2024 Congressional Budget Justifications.

Congressional Research Service

THUD Appropriations: FY2024

•

a sunset of the existing Moderate Rehabilitation program to facilitate RAD

conversion of the remaining properties (requested in the President’s FY2024

budget);

a prohibition on the provision of federal funding to local jurisdictions that refuse

to comply with federal requests for advance notice of release of a particular alien

in local custody and a similar provision in Title IV of the bill, prohibiting the use

of funds in contravention of Section 642 of the Illegal Immigration Reform and

Immigrant Responsibility Act of 1996 (included in the House Committee-passed

bill [§432]).

a provision to make previously appropriated funds available for direct support for

certain small properties undergoing RAD conversion (included in the Senatepassed bill [§241]);

guidance on the treatment of rent incentives in the Jobs-Plus public housing

program (included in the Senate-passed bill, [§243]);

several provisions related to Native American housing programs (some included

in the House committee bill [§§238-240] and some included in the Senate-passed

bill [§§245-247]);21 and

restrictions on residential Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) financing for

properties with mortgages insured or guaranteed by HUD (included in the

Senate-passed bill [§248-§250]).22

THUD Related Agencies

The annual THUD appropriations bills generally provide funding for seven independent agencies

that undertake activities related to transportation and/or housing.

•

The U.S. Access Board is an independent federal agency designed to coordinate

other federal agencies to promote accessible design and the development of

accessibility guidelines and standards to ensure access to federally funded public

infrastructure for persons with disabilities.23

The Federal Maritime Commission is an independent federal agency charged

with regulating U.S. ocean commerce.24

The Amtrak Inspector General is an independent organization charged with

providing oversight of Amtrak’s programs and operations.25

The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) investigates accidents,

crashes, and other events in transportation.26

21 While these provisions were not included in the GPs in the President’s budget request, HUD’s congressional budget

justifications indicated that the department would seek changes in some of these policy areas via the authorization

process. See, for example, pages 13-4 and 15-3 of HUD’s FY2024 Congressional Budget Justifications.

22 While these provisions were not included in the GPs in the President’s budget request, HUD’s congressional budget

justifications indicated that the department would seek changes in these policy areas via the authorization process. See

pages 13-4, 15-3, and 28-5 of HUD’s FY2024 Congressional Budget Justifications.

23 See https://www.access-board.gov/about/.

24 See https://www.fmc.gov/about-the-fmc/.

25 See https://amtrakoig.gov/about-us.

26 See https://www.ntsb.gov/about/Pages/default.aspx.

Congressional Research Service

THUD Appropriations: FY2024

•

The Neighborhood Reinvestment Corporation (NeighborWorks America) is a

congressionally chartered nonprofit that supports a network of community

organizations that provide affordable housing, financial counseling, and resident

engagement.27

The Surface Transportation Board is an independent federal agency that is “the

economic regulation of various modes of surface transportation, primarily freight

rail.”28

The Interagency Council on Homelessness is an independent federal agency

charged with coordinating the federal response to homelessness.29

•

Table 6. THUD Related Agencies, FY2023-FY2024 Detailed Appropriations

(dollars in millions)

FY2023

Enacted

FY2024

Request

FY2024

House

Comm.

Access Board

Federal Maritime Commission

National Railroad Passenger

Corporation (Amtrak) Office of

Inspector General

National Transportation Safety Board

129

145

134

140

Neighborhood Reinvestment

Corporation (NeighborWorks

America)

170

172

170

158

Surface Transportation Board

Offsetting Collections

-1

U.S. Interagency Council on

Homelessness

420

453

452

438

428

Related Agency

Total

FY2024

Senate

FY2024

Enacted

Sources: FY2023 Enacted, FY2024 President’s Request, and FY2024 House figures are taken from the

Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority table, as published in H.Rept. 118-154, beginning on page 410,

as well as congressional budget justifications. FY2024 Senate figures are taken from the Comparative Statement

of New Budget Authority table, as published in S.Rept. 118-70, beginning on page 219. Final FY2024 enacted

figures are taken from the Comparative Statement of New Budget Authority tables published in the Explanatory

Statement accompanying H.R. 4366 as passed by the House and the Senate, as well as the text of the Explanatory

Statement and bill, all available in the March 5, 2024, Congressional Record for Division F. Some figures have been

adjusted for comparability.

Note: Values may not sum to totals or exactly match source materials because of rounding.

As shown in Table 6, most of the related agencies funded in the THUD bill received level or

increased funding from FY2023 in the final FY2024 THUD appropriations act. One agency

received a funding decrease; NeighborWorks received a funding cut of $12 million (7.1%).

27 See https://www.neighborworks.org/About-Us.

28 See https://www.stb.gov/about-stb/.

29 See https://www.usich.gov/about-usich/.

Congressional Research Service

THUD Appropriations: FY2024

Since FY2019, appropriations acts had specified that NeighborWorks was to use a certain amount

of funding (between $1 million and $4 million, depending on the year) for the promotion and

development of shared equity housing models. The Senate Committee-passed bill would have

provided $2 million for this purpose, while the House Committee-passed bill did not direct any

funding to be used specifically for shared equity housing. The final FY2024 THUD

appropriations act does not specify a set-aside of NeighborWorks funding for shared equity

housing, though the explanatory statement notes that the agreement “supports NeighborWorks in

its efforts to continue to advance shared equity models” and directs NeighborWorks to engage in

certain activities related to shared equity housing.30

Author Information

Maggie McCarty, Coordinator

Specialist in Housing Policy

Jennifer J. Marshall

Analyst in Transportation Policy

Disclaimer

This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan

shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and

under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other

than public understanding of information that has been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in

connection with CRS’s institutional role. CRS Reports, as a work of the United States Government, are not

subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any CRS Report may be reproduced and distributed in

its entirety without permission from CRS. However, as a CRS Report may include copyrighted images or

material from a third party, you may need to obtain the permission of the copyright holder if you wish to

copy or otherwise use copyrighted material.

30 Congressional Record, vol. 170, part 39 (March 5, 2024), p. S1878. The agreement directs NeighborWorks to work

with affiliates with shared equity experience as technical assistance providers and to “continue to develop and enhance

professional development offerings around shared equity housing.”

Congressional Research Service

R47687 · VERSION 13 · UPDATED

This is a copy of a public record, reproduced as it was published. It is not legal advice, and it may not be the version a court would rely on. Check the official source before you cite it.