Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2022 Appropriations

Congressional research reportJun 13, 2022

Ask Donna

What actually matters in this document.

Text

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies:

Overview of FY2022 Appropriations

Updated June 13, 2022

Congressional Research Service

https://crsreports.congress.gov

R46908

SUMMARY

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies:

Overview of FY2022 Appropriations

R46908

June 13, 2022

Carol Hardy Vincent

Specialist in Natural

The Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill—often called the

Resources Policy

Interior bill—contains funding for about three dozen agencies and entities. They include

most of the Department of the Interior (DOI) and agencies within other departments,

such as the Forest Service (Department of Agriculture) and the Indian Health Service

(Department of Health and Human Services). The bill also provides funding for the

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), arts and cultural agencies, and other organizations and entities. Issues

for Congress include determining the amount, terms, and conditions of funding for agencies and programs.

P.L. 117-103, Division G, enacted on March 15, 2022, contained FY2022 appropriations of $40.52 billion for the

Interior bill. The total included $38.07 billion in regular appropriations and $2.45 billion for wildfire suppression

activities under an adjustment to the discretionary spending limit for FY2022. The $2.45 billion—the maximum

amount available under law for FY2022—had been requested by the President, passed by the House, and

contained in a Senate (Appropriations) Committee Majority Draft (SCMD) for FY2022. From the start of FY2022

on October 1, 2021, until March 15, 2022, Congress had provided continuing appropriations for Interior,

Environment, and Related Agencies, generally at the FY2021 level.

The $40.52 billion total was broken out unevenly across the three major funding titles in the Interior bill, as is

typically the case. DOI agencies in Title I received $14.52 billion, or 35.8% of the total. EPA, funded in Title II of

the bill, received $9.56 billion, or 23.6% of the total. For about two dozen agencies and other entities funded in

Title III, the law contained $16.44 billion, or 40.6% of the total. Nearly three-quarters of total funding ($29.54

billion, or 72.9% of the total) was for five agencies: EPA, Forest Service, Indian Health Service, National Park

Service, and Bureau of Indian Affairs. The total did not include advance appropriations (which become available

for obligation in future fiscal years) for the Indian Health Service, as had been requested by the President and

included in the SCMD. However, advance appropriations were included for the Indian Health Service (among

other agencies) in a separate law (P.L. 117-58, Division J).

The FY2022 enacted appropriation of $40.52 billion was $5.65 billion less than the President requested ($46.17

billion), $5.40 billion less than passed by the House ($45.91 billion), and $4.19 billion less than included in the

SCMD ($44.70 billion). It also contained less funding for each of the three major titles of the bill than had been

requested by the President, approved by the House, and contained in the SCMD. However, the FY2022 enacted

appropriation was $2.00 billion more than the FY2021 enacted amount ($38.52 billion), with higher funding than

FY2021 for each of the three bill titles.

In earlier action, President Biden had requested $46.17 billion for FY2022 for the Interior bill, including $43.72

billion in regular appropriations and $2.45 billion for wildfire suppression under the discretionary cap adjustment.

The President’s FY2022 request also contained $7.68 billion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health

Service, with the funding becoming available for obligation in FY2023. Including these advance appropriations,

the President’s total request was $53.85 billion. For DOI agencies in Title I of the bill, the request was $16.28

billion, or 35.3% of the request. For EPA (Title II), the request was $11.23 billion, or 24.3% of the total. For the

agencies and other entities in Title III of the bill, the request was $18.66 billion, or 40.4% of the total.

On July 29, 2021, the House passed H.R. 4502, containing FY2022 appropriations of $45.91 billion in Division E

for the Interior bill. This total included $43.46 billion in regular appropriations and $2.45 billion for wildfire

suppression under the cap adjustment. Of the $45.91 billion, DOI agencies in Title I would have received $16.02

billion, or 34.9% of the total; EPA would have received $11.35 billion, or 24.7% of the total; and agencies and

entities in Title III would have received $18.55 billion, or 40.4% of the total. The House-passed bill did not

include advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service.

Congressional Research Service

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2022 Appropriations

On October 18, 2021, the chair of the Senate Committee on Appropriations released the SCMD bill and draft

explanatory text with $44.70 billion for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies for FY2022. This total

included $42.25 billion in regular appropriations and $2.45 billion for wildfire suppression under the cap

adjustment. The SCMD contained an additional $6.59 billion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health

Service beginning in FY2023. On October 20, 2021, S. 3034 was introduced reflecting the SCMD text; no further

action was taken on this measure. Of the $44.70 billion, DOI agencies would have received $15.72 billion, or

35.2% of the total; EPA would have received $10.54 billion, or 23.6%; and agencies and other entities (in Title III)

would have received $17.99 billion, or 40.2% of the total. The draft also contained $0.45 billion (1.0% of the

total) in a new Title IV, for infrastructure projects.

Appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, by Major Title, FY2021-FY2022

Source: Prepared by CRS with data from the House and Senate Appropriations Committees.

Notes: SCMD = Senate Committee Majority Draft. The FY2021 enacted appropriation was contained in P.L. 116-260, Division G.

The total FY2022 request shown excludes $7.68 billion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service, which would

become available for obligation in FY2023. House-passed appropriations for FY2022 were contained in H.R. 4502, Division E. SCMD

appropriations for FY2022 were released by the chair of the Senate Committee on Appropriations on October 18, 2021, and

introduced in the Senate on October 20, 2021, as S. 3034. The SCMD total excludes $6.59 billion in advance appropriations for the

Indian Health Service, which would become available for obligation in FY2023. The FY2022 enacted appropriation was contained in

P.L. 117-103, Division G. The FY2022 total shown excludes $1.78 billion in FY2022 emergency supplemental appropriations for

multiple agencies for disaster relief, contained in Division B, Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022, of P.L. 117-43,

the Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act. It also excludes a total of $95.71 billion for multiple

agencies contained in Division J, Appropriations, of P.L. 117-58, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, composed of the

following amounts: $33.56 billion in FY2022 emergency appropriations for multiple agencies, $6.11 billion in advance appropriations

for EPA, and $56.04 billion in emergency advance appropriations for multiple agencies (the advance appropriations become available

for obligation in future fiscal years).

Congressional Research Service

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2022 Appropriations

Contents

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 1

Overview of FY2022 Legislative Action .................................................................................. 2

Overview of Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies............................................................. 3

Title I. Department of the Interior ............................................................................................. 4

Title II. Environmental Protection Agency ............................................................................... 6

Title III. Related Agencies......................................................................................................... 7

FY2022 Appropriations ................................................................................................................... 8

Components of President Biden’s Request ............................................................................... 8

Components of House-Passed Bill .......................................................................................... 10

Components of SCMD ............................................................................................................. 11

Components of FY2022 Enacted Appropriations .................................................................... 11

Comparison of FY2022 and FY2021 Appropriations ............................................................. 12

Figures

Figure 2. Components of President Biden’s FY2022 Request for Interior, Environment,

and Related Agencies ................................................................................................................... 9

Figure 3. Appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, by Major Title,

FY2021-FY2022 ........................................................................................................................ 14

Tables

Table 1. Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: FY2021-FY2022 Appropriations ........... 14

Contacts

Author Information........................................................................................................................ 17

Congressional Research Service

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2022 Appropriations

Introduction

This report focuses on FY2022 discretionary appropriations for Interior, Environment, and

Related Agencies.1 Issues for Congress include determining the amount of funding for agencies

and programs in the bill and the terms and conditions of such funding.

The focus of this report is the regular, annual appropriations for the Interior bill. This report first

presents a short overview of FY2022 legislative action. It next provides an overview of the

agencies and other entities funded in the Interior bill. It then describes the FY2022 appropriations

for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies requested by President Biden, passed by the

House, contained in a draft released by the chair of the Senate Appropriations Committee, and

enacted into law. (Hereinafter, the Senate Committee Majority Draft generally is referred to as the

SCMD.) Subsequently, the report briefly compares FY2021 and FY2022 regular appropriations.2

Finally, it provides a table showing each agency’s regular appropriations enacted for FY2021,

requested by the President for FY2022, passed by the House for FY2022, contained in the SCMD

for FY2022, and enacted into law for FY2022. Agency and bill totals in this report generally

reflect rescissions.

Supplemental Appropriations for FY2022 and Advance Appropriations

This report does not detail supplemental appropriations for FY2022 or advance appropriations (for future fiscal

years) for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. More specifically, the FY2022 total in this report excludes

emergency supplemental appropriations for FY2022 of $1.78 billion contained in Division B of the Disaster Relief

Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022, of P.L. 117-43, the Extending Government Funding and Delivering

Emergency Assistance Act. In addition, the FY2022 total in this report excludes appropriations contained in

Division J, Appropriations, of P.L. 117-58, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act. This law contained a total of

$95.71 billion for multiple agencies in the Interior bill, composed of the following amounts: $33.56 billion in

FY2022 emergency appropriations for multiple agencies, $6.11 billion in advance appropriations for the

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and $56.04 billion in emergency advance appropriations for multiple

agencies. Advance appropriations would become available for obligation in future fiscal years, rather than in

FY2022. The totals shown in this report for both laws (P.L. 117-43 and P.L. 117-58) were taken from the

Congressional Record, vol. 168, no. 42, Book IV (March 9, 2022), pp. H2657-H2667. See this source for detail on

agencies and accounts that received funding under these laws.

Appropriations are complex. Budget justifications for some agencies are large (often a few

hundred pages long) and contain numerous funding, programmatic, and legislative changes for

congressional consideration. Further, appropriations laws provide funds for numerous accounts,

activities, and sub-activities, and their accompanying explanatory statements provide additional

directives and other important information. This report does not provide in-depth information at

the agency, account, and subaccount levels, nor does it generally detail budgetary reorganizations

or legislative changes proposed or enacted for FY2022. For information on a particular agency or

on individual accounts, programs, or activities administered by a particular agency, see the

1 Hereinafter, the annual Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill is sometimes referred to as

the Interior bill. Many of the agencies that receive discretionary appropriations through the Interior bill also receive

mandatory appropriations under various authorizing statutes. This report does not address mandatory appropriations.

For information on mandatory appropriations of the four main federal land management agencies—Bureau of Land

Management, Fish and Wildlife Service, Forest Service, and National Park Service—see CRS Report R45994, Federal

Land Management Agencies’ Mandatory Appropriations Accounts, coordinated by Carol Hardy Vincent.

2 Regular appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies for FY2021 were included in Division G, the

Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2021, of P.L. 116-260, the

Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021.

Congressional Research Service

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2022 Appropriations

Congressional Research Service (CRS) products footnoted throughout this report or contact the

key policy staff listed at the end of this report. In addition, selected reports related to

appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, such as individual agencies (e.g.,

National Park Service) or cross-cutting programs (e.g., Wildland Fire Management), are listed

under “Interior & Environment Appropriations” on the “Appropriations” Issue Area page on the

CRS website.3

Overview of FY2022 Legislative Action

For FY2022, President Biden requested $46.17 billion for 35 agencies and entities funded in the

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill. This total included $43.72

billion in regular appropriations and $2.45 billion for certain wildfire suppression activities under

an adjustment to discretionary spending limits for FY2022. Under law, an adjustment can be

made to discretionary spending limits to accommodate enacted funding for wildfire suppression.4

The President’s FY2022 request also included $7.68 billion in advance appropriations for the

Indian Health Service, with the funding becoming available for obligation in FY2023.5 Including

these advance appropriations, the President’s total request was $53.85 billion. This report

generally focuses on the $46.17 billion total in requested funding that would become available in

FY2022.

On July 6, 2021, the House Appropriations Committee reported H.R. 4372 (accompanied by

H.Rept. 117-83). H.R. 4372 contained $45.92 billion for Interior, Environment, and Related

Agencies, composed of $43.47 billion in regular appropriations and $2.45 billion for wildfire

suppression under the discretionary cap adjustment as requested by the President. The House

committee-reported bill did not include advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service as

had been requested by the President.

Subsequently, on July 29, 2021, the House passed H.R. 4502, containing FY2022 appropriations

of $45.91 billion in Division E for agencies in the Interior bill. This total included $43.46 billion

in regular appropriations and $2.45 billion as requested by President Biden for wildfire

suppression under the cap adjustment. The House-passed bill did not include advance

appropriations for the Indian Health Service.

On October 18, 2021, the Senate Appropriations Committee chair released the Senate Committee

Majority Draft (SCMD) bill and draft explanatory statement, with $44.70 billion for Interior,

Environment, and Related Agencies. This total included $42.25 billion in regular appropriations

and $2.45 billion as requested by the President for wildfire suppression under the cap adjustment.

3 The “Interior & Environment Appropriations” subissue page is on the CRS website at https://www.crs.gov/iap/

appropriations (under “All Subissues”).

4 This authority is contained in Division O, the Wildfire Suppression Funding and Forest Management Activities Act,

of P.L. 115-141, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018. The adjustment may not exceed specified amounts for

each of FY2020-FY2027. For information on discretionary spending limits, see CRS In Focus IF10647, The Budget

Resolution and the Budget Control Act’s Discretionary Spending Limits, by Megan S. Lynch; CRS Report R44874, The

Budget Control Act: Frequently Asked Questions, by Grant A. Driessen and Megan S. Lynch; and CRS Report R45778,

Exceptions to the Budget Control Act’s Discretionary Spending Limits, by Megan S. Lynch, especially the “Wildfire

Suppression” section. For a discussion of the cap adjustment for wildfire suppression, see CRS In Focus IF11978,

Funding for Wildfire Management: FY2022 Appropriations for the Forest Service and the Department of the Interior,

by Katie Hoover, and CRS Report R46583, Federal Wildfire Management: Ten-Year Funding Trends and Issues

(FY2011-FY2020), by Katie Hoover.

5 For an overview of issues related to potential advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service, see CRS Report

R46265, Advance Appropriations for the Indian Health Service: Issues and Options for Congress, by Elayne J. Heisler

and Kate P. McClanahan.

Congressional Research Service

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2022 Appropriations

The SCMD contained an additional $6.59 billion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health

Service beginning in FY2023. On October 20, 2021, S. 3034 was introduced reflecting the SCMD

text; no further action was taken on S. 3034.6

On March 15, 2022, the President signed into law a measure containing $40.52 billion for

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies for FY2022. These appropriations were contained in

Division G, the Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations

Act, 2022, of P.L. 117-103, the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022.7 The total included

$38.07 billion in regular appropriations and $2.45 billion for wildfire suppression under the

discretionary cap adjustment. This law did not include advance appropriations for the Indian

Health Service.8

Because FY2022 appropriations had not been enacted at the start of the fiscal year on October 1,

2021, Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies had received appropriations under a

continuing resolution (CR), extended by a series of measures providing continuing

appropriations.9 The CR generally extended appropriations at the FY2021 levels until enactment

of full-year appropriations. However, there were specific provisions for particular agencies and

activities, including several in the Interior bill. These provisions related to National Park Service

funding for heritage partnership programs, Land and Water Conservation Fund allocations,

additional funding for the Indian Health Service, and funding for the Department of the Interior

(DOI) Working Capital Fund related to implementation of cybersecurity safeguards.10

Overview of Interior, Environment, and

Related Agencies

The annual Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill includes funding and

other provisions for agencies and programs in three federal departments and for numerous related

agencies. The Interior bill typically contains three primary appropriations titles and a fourth title

with general provisions. Title I provides funding for most DOI agencies,11 many of which manage

land and other natural resource or regulatory programs. Title I also typically includes general

provisions related to DOI agencies. Title II contains appropriations and administrative provisions

for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Title III, Related Agencies, generally funds

6 Because the draft explanatory statement is based on the draft bill text, this report generally refers to the Senate

Committee Majority Draft (SCMD) rather than S. 3034.

7 Hereinafter this section of the law is referred to as P.L. 117-103, Division G.

8 However, advance appropriations were included for the Indian Health Service (among other agencies) in a separate

law (P.L. 117-58, Division J).

9 Division A of P.L. 117-43 provided continuing appropriations through December 3, 2021. Divisions A of P.L. 117-70

extended continuing appropriations through February 18, 2022. Division A of P.L. 117-86 extended continuing

appropriations through March 11. 2022. P.L. 117-95 extended continuing appropriations through March 15. 2022.

10 For information on some of these provisions, as well as the terms and conditions of the FY2022 continuing

appropriations generally, see CRS Report R46953, Overview of Continuing Appropriations for FY2022 (P.L. 117-43),

coordinated by Kevin P. McNellis. Note that the discussion in that CRS report does not reflect the later version of the

Indian Health Service provision (in P.L. 117-70) or the provision on the Working Capital Fund (in P.L. 117-86),

because these provisions were enacted after the publication date of the CRS Report R46953.

11 The exceptions are the Bureau of Reclamation and the Central Utah Project, which receive appropriations through

Energy and Water Development appropriations laws. For information on FY2022 appropriations for these entities, see

CRS Report R46857, Energy and Water Development: FY2022 Appropriations, by Mark Holt and Corrie E. Clark and

CRS In Focus IF11855, Bureau of Reclamation: FY2022 Appropriations, by Charles V. Stern.

Congressional Research Service

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2022 Appropriations

about two dozen other entities, including the Forest Service in the Department of Agriculture; the

Indian Health Service in the Department of Health and Human Services; arts and cultural

agencies, including the Smithsonian Institution; and various other organizations and entities. Title

III also contains administrative provisions for some agencies funded therein. Title IV, General

Provisions, typically contains additional guidance and direction for agencies in the bill. Selected

major agencies in the Interior bill are briefly described below.

Title I. Department of the Interior12

DOI’s mission is to conserve and manage the nation’s natural resources and cultural heritage;

provide scientific and other information about those resources and natural hazards; and exercise

trust responsibilities and other commitments to American Indians, Alaska Natives, and affiliated

island communities.13 There are nine major DOI agencies and two other broad accounts funded in

the Interior bill that carry out this mission. Hereinafter, these 11 entities are referred to

collectively as the DOI agencies. The DOI agencies and their functions funded in the Interior bill

include the following:



The Bureau of Land Management administers about 244 million acres of federal

public land, mostly in the West, for diverse uses such as energy and mineral

development, livestock grazing, recreation, and preservation. The agency also

administers approximately 710 million acres of federal onshore subsurface

mineral estate throughout the nation and supervises the mineral operations on

about 60 million acres of Indian trust lands.14

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service administers 89 million acres of federal land

within the National Wildlife Refuge System and other areas,15 including 77

million acres in Alaska. It also manages several large marine refuges and marine

national monuments, sometimes jointly with other federal agencies. In addition,

the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, together with the National Marine Fisheries

Service (Department of Commerce), is responsible for implementing the

Endangered Species Act (16 U.S.C. §§1531 et seq.); promoting wildlife habitat;

enforcing federal wildlife laws; supporting wildlife and ecosystem science;

conserving migratory birds; administering grants to aid state fish and wildlife

programs; and coordinating with state, international, and other federal agencies

on fish and wildlife issues.16

The National Park Service administers 81 million acres of federal land within the

National Park System, including 423 separate units in the 50 states, District of

Columbia, and U.S. territories. Roughly two-thirds of the system’s lands are in

Alaska. The National Park Service has a dual mission—to preserve unique

12 For additional background on the Department of the Interior (DOI) and its agencies, see CRS Report R45480, U.S.

Department of the Interior: An Overview, by Mark K. DeSantis.

13 This statement is taken from the DOI website at https://www.doi.gov/about.

14 For an overview of FY2022 appropriations for the Bureau of Land Management, see CRS In Focus IF11890, Bureau

of Land Management: FY2022 Appropriations, by Carol Hardy Vincent.

15 This is the acreage over which the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has primary jurisdiction in the United States and

the territories. The figure excludes acreage in marine national monuments over which the agency also has jurisdiction.

16 For additional information on the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, see CRS Report R45265, U.S. Fish and Wildlife

Service: An Overview, by R. Eliot Crafton. For an overview of FY2022 appropriations for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife

Service, see CRS In Focus IF11925, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service: FY2022 Appropriations, by R. Eliot Crafton.

Congressional Research Service

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2022 Appropriations



resources and to provide for their enjoyment by the public. The agency also

supports and promotes some resource conservation activities outside the National

Park System through grant and technical assistance programs and cooperation

with partners.17

The U.S. Geological Survey is a science agency that provides physical and

biological information related to geological resources; natural hazards; climate

and land use change; and energy, mineral, water, and biological sciences and

resources. In addition, it is the federal government’s principal civilian mapping

agency (e.g., topographical and geological mapping) and a primary source of data

on the quantity and quality of the nation’s water resources (e.g., streamgaging).18

The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management manages development of the nation’s

offshore conventional and renewable energy resources in the Atlantic, the Pacific,

the Gulf of Mexico, and the Alaska region. These resources are located in areas

covering approximately 2.5 billion acres located beyond state waters, much in the

Alaska region (more than 1 billion acres) but also off all coastal states.19

The Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement provides regulatory and

safety oversight for resource development in the outer continental shelf. Among

its responsibilities are oil and gas permitting, facility inspections, environmental

compliance, and oil spill response planning.20

The Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement works with states

and tribes to reclaim abandoned coal mining sites. The agency also regulates

active coal mining sites to minimize environmental impacts during mining and to

reclaim affected lands and waters after mining.21

Indian Affairs agencies provide and fund a variety of services to American

Indians and Alaska Natives.22 Two agencies take the lead in federal dealings with

tribes. The Bureau of Indian Education funds an elementary and secondary

17 For a discussion of the different types of national park units and an overview of their management, see CRS Report

R41816, National Park System: What Do the Different Park Titles Signify?, by Laura B. Comay. For an overview of

FY2022 appropriations for the National Park Service, see CRS In Focus IF11928, National Park Service: FY2022

Appropriations, by Laura B. Comay. For an overview of National Park Service appropriations in recent years, see CRS

Report R42757, National Park Service Appropriations: Ten-Year Trends, by Laura B. Comay.

18 For an overview of FY2022 appropriations for the U.S. Geological Survey, see CRS In Focus IF11850, The U.S.

Geological Survey (USGS): FY2022 Appropriations and Background, by Anna E. Normand.

19 For a discussion of state and federal waters, see CRS Report RL33404, Offshore Oil and Gas Development: Legal

Framework, by Adam Vann. For an overview of FY2022 appropriations for the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management,

see CRS In Focus IF11933, Offshore Energy Agency Appropriations, FY2022, by Laura B. Comay.

20 For an overview of FY2022 appropriations for the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, see CRS In

Focus IF11933, Offshore Energy Agency Appropriations, FY2022, by Laura B. Comay.

21 For additional information on the Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement, see CRS In Focus

IF11352, The Abandoned Mine Reclamation Fund: Issues and Legislation in the 117th Congress, by Lance N. Larson;

and CRS Report R46610, Reclamation of Coal Mining Operations: Select Issues and Legislation, by Lance N. Larson.

22 This description reflects appropriations enacted for “Indian Affairs” for FY2022. Under this heading, The FY2022

appropriations law also contained appropriations for the Office of the Special Trustee for American Indians, as had

been appropriated for FY2021, passed by the House for FY2022, and contained in the SCMD. For FY2022, the

President’s request instead sought funding for the Bureau of Trust Funds Administration in anticipation of the

termination of the Office of the Special Trustee for American Indians. For additional information, see DOI, Budget

Justifications and Performance Information, Fiscal Year 2022, Bureau of Trust Funds Administration, at

https://www.doi.gov/budget/appropriations/2022.

Congressional Research Service

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2022 Appropriations



school system, institutions of higher education, and other educational programs.23

The Bureau of Indian Affairs is responsible for programs that include government

operations, courts, law enforcement, fire protection, social programs, roads,

economic development, employment assistance, housing repair, irrigation, dams,

Indian rights protection, implementation of land and water settlements, and

management of trust assets (real estate and natural resources).24

Departmental Offices covers diverse offices and programs. In the FY2022

appropriations law, they included the Office of the Secretary of the Interior,

Insular Affairs, Office of the Solicitor, and Office of Inspector General.25

Department-Wide Programs covers varied programs and entities. In the FY2022

appropriations law, they included DOI Wildland Fire Management,26 Central

Hazardous Materials Fund, Energy Community Revitalization Program, Natural

Resource Damage Assessment Fund, Working Capital Fund, and Office of

Natural Resources Revenue.27

Title II. Environmental Protection Agency

EPA has no organic statute establishing an overall mission; rather, the agency administers various

environmental statutes that have an express or general objective to protect human health and the

environment. Primary responsibilities include the implementation of federal statutes regulating air

quality, water quality, drinking water safety, pesticides, toxic substances, management and

disposal of solid and hazardous wastes, and cleanup of environmental contamination. EPA awards

grants to assist states and local governments in implementing federal law and complying with

federal requirements to control pollution. The agency also administers programs that provide

financial assistance for public wastewater and drinking water infrastructure projects. 28

23 For a discussion of Indian education programs, see CRS Report RL34205, Indian Elementary-Secondary Education:

Programs, Background, and Issues, by Cassandria Dortch; and CRS In Focus IF10554, Postsecondary Education of

Native Americans, by Cassandria Dortch.

24 For an overview of FY2022 appropriations for the Bureau of Indian Affairs, see CRS In Focus IF11899, The Bureau

of Indian Affairs: FY2022 Appropriations, by Tana Fitzpatrick.

25 An overview of the responsibilities of these entities is on the DOI website at https://www.doi.gov/bureaus/offices.

26 For an overview of FY2022 appropriations for wildland fire management, see CRS In Focus IF11978, Funding for

Wildfire Management: FY2022 Appropriations for the Forest Service and the Department of the Interior, by Katie

Hoover. For an overview of wildland fire management appropriations in recent years, see CRS Report R46583, Federal

Wildfire Management: Ten-Year Funding Trends and Issues (FY2011-FY2020), by Katie Hoover.

27 Descriptions of these programs are contained on the DOI website as follows. For DOI wildland fire management, see

https://www.doi.gov/wildlandfire. For the Central Hazardous Materials Fund, see https://www.doi.gov/oepc/centralhazardous-materials-fund-chf. For the Energy Community Revitalization Program, and the Working Capital Fund, see

DOI, Budget Justifications and Performance Information, Fiscal Year 2022, Office of the Secretary, Department-Wide

Programs, at https://www.doi.gov/budget/appropriations/2022. For the Natural Resource Damage Assessment Fund,

see DOI Budget Justifications and Performance Information, Fiscal Year 2022, Natural Resource Damage Assessment

and Restoration Program, at https://www.doi.gov/budget/appropriations/2022. For the Office of Natural Resources

Revenue, see https://www.onrr.gov/. For FY2022, the President’s request also sought funding through this account for

the Payments in Lieu of Taxes Program (PILT), though the FY2022 appropriations law included PILT funding under a

general provision. For information on this program, see DOI, Budget Justifications and Performance Information,

Fiscal Year 2022, Office of the Secretary, Department-Wide Programs¸ at https://www.doi.gov/budget/appropriations/

2022.

28 For an overview of FY2022 appropriations for the Environmental Protection Agency, see CRS In Focus IF12130,

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) FY2022 Appropriations, by Angela C. Jones.

For a detailed compendium of environmental laws administered by EPA, see CRS Report RL30798, Environmental

Congressional Research Service

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2022 Appropriations

Title III. Related Agencies

In FY2022, Title III of the Interior bill funded about two dozen agencies, organizations, and other

entities, which are collectively referred to as the “Related Agencies.” Among the Related

Agencies funded in the Interior bill, roughly 95% of the funding is typically provided to the

following:



The Forest Service in the Department of Agriculture manages 193 million acres

of federal land within the National Forest System—consisting of national forests,

national grasslands, and other areas—in 43 states, the Commonwealth of Puerto

Rico, and the Virgin Islands. It also provides technical and financial assistance to

states, tribes, and private forest landowners and conducts research on sustaining

forest resources for future generations.29

The Indian Health Service in the Department of Health and Human Services

provides medical and environmental health services for approximately 2.6

million American Indians and Alaska Natives. Health care is provided through a

system of more than 600 hospitals, clinics, and health stations on or near Indian

reservations. These facilities and programs are operated by the agency, tribes and

tribal organizations, and urban Indian organizations.30

The Smithsonian Institution is a museum and research complex consisting of 19

museums and galleries, the National Zoological Park (“National Zoo”), and

several research facilities throughout the United States and around the world.31

Established by federal legislation in 1846 with the acceptance of a trust donation

by the institution’s namesake benefactor, the Smithsonian is funded by both

federal appropriations and a private trust.32

The National Endowment for the Arts and the National Endowment for the

Humanities make up the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities.

The National Endowment for the Arts is a major federal source of support for all

arts disciplines. Since 1965, it has awarded more than 145,000 grants, which

have been distributed to all states. The National Endowment for the Humanities

generally supports grants for humanities education, research, preservation, and

public humanities programs; creation of regional humanities centers; and

development of humanities programs under the jurisdiction of state humanities

councils. Since 1965, it has awarded more than 64,000 grants. It also supports a

Laws: Summaries of Major Statutes Administered by the Environmental Protection Agency, coordinated by David M.

Bearden.

29 For an overview of Forest Service land management, see CRS Report R43872, National Forest System Management:

Overview, Appropriations, and Issues for Congress, by Katie Hoover and Anne A. Riddle. For an overview of FY2022

appropriations for the Forest Service, see CRS In Focus IF11974, Forest Service: FY2022 Appropriations, by Katie

Hoover. For an overview of Forest Service appropriations in recent years, see CRS Report R46557, Forest Service

Appropriations: Ten-Year Data and Trends (FY2011-FY2020), by Katie Hoover.

30 Department of Health and Human Services, Indian Health Service, Justification of Estimates for Appropriations

Committees, Fiscal Year 2022, p. CJ-1, at https://www.ihs.gov/BudgetFormulation/congressionaljustifications/. For

additional information on the agency, see CRS Report R43330, The Indian Health Service (IHS): An Overview, by

Elayne J. Heisler.

31 These statistics are from the Smithsonian Institution’s website at http://www.si.edu/About.

32 For an overview of the Smithsonian Institution, including potential costs of new museums and other issues for

Congress, see CRS Report R44370, Smithsonian Institution: Background, Issues for Congress, and Selected

Legislation, by R. Eric Petersen.

Congressional Research Service

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2022 Appropriations

Challenge Grant program to stimulate and match private donations in support of

humanities institutions.33

FY2022 Appropriations

Components of President Biden’s Request

For FY2022, President Biden requested $46.17 billion for 35 agencies and entities funded in the

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies appropriations bill. This total included $43.72

billion in regular appropriations and $2.45 billion for certain wildfire suppression activities under

an adjustment to discretionary spending limits for FY2022. Budget authority designated for those

activities would cause the spending limits to be adjusted, making it effectively not subject to the

limits, as noted.34

The President’s FY2022 request also included $7.68 billion in advance appropriations for the

Indian Health Service, with the funding becoming available for obligation in FY2023. According

to the Administration, “advance appropriations will ensure a predictable funding source for the

Indian health system, avoiding the negative consequences of funding delays under continuing

resolutions, and lapses in funding during government shutdowns.”35 Further, the Administration

asserted that planning stability resulting from advance appropriations “would reduce unnecessary

contract and administrative costs” and “alleviate concerns from potential recruits, especially

health care providers, about the stability of their employment.”36 Including the $7.68 billion in

advance appropriations, the President’s total request for the Indian Health Service was $15.89

billion and the request for all Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies was $53.85 billion.

The $46.17 billion request (excluding advance appropriations) was broken out unevenly across

the three major funding titles in the Interior bill and among agencies and entities within each title,

as is typically the case. For the 11 DOI agencies in Title I of the bill, the request was $16.28

billion, or 35.3% of the request. For EPA, funded in Title II of the bill, the request was $11.23

billion, or 24.3% of the total. For about two dozen agencies and other entities for which the

President sought funding in Title III of the bill, the request was $18.66 billion, or 40.4% of the

total.

Appropriations for agencies vary widely for reasons relating to the number, breadth, and

complexity of agency responsibilities; alternative sources of funding (e.g., mandatory

appropriations); and Administration and congressional priorities, among other factors. Thus,

although the FY2022 request covered 35 agencies, funding for a small subset of these agencies

accounted for most of the total. For example, the requested appropriations for three agencies—

Forest Service, EPA, and Indian Health Service—were more than half (60.3%) of the total

request. Further, nearly three-quarters (73.6%) of the request was for these three agencies and two

others, National Park Service and Bureau of Indian Affairs.

33 An overview of the National Endowment for the Arts is at https://www.arts.gov/about/facts-and-figures. An

overview of the National Endowment for the Humanities is at https://www.neh.gov/about.

34 President Biden’s request for a $2.45 billion discretionary cap adjustment for wildfire suppression included $2.12

billion for the Forest Service and $330.0 million for DOI.

35 Department of Health and Human Services, Indian Health Service, Justification of Estimates for Appropriations

Committees, Fiscal Year 2022, p. CJ-288.

36 Ibid, p. CJ-288.

Congressional Research Service

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2022 Appropriations

For DOI agencies, President Biden’s requests for FY2022 ranged from $184.8 million for the

Bureau of Ocean Energy Management to $3.50 billion for the National Park Service. The requests

for 7 of the 11 agencies exceeded $1 billion. More than a third (37.6%) of the $16.28 billion

requested for DOI agencies was for two agencies: the National Park Service ($3.50 billion) and

the Bureau of Indian Affairs ($2.62 billion).

For Related Agencies in Title III for which the President sought funding, the requested levels

exhibited more variation. They ranged from $1.0 million for the World War I Centennial

Commission to $8.41 billion for the Forest Service.37 The Indian Health Service, with a request of

$8.21 billion, and the Smithsonian Institution, with a request of $1.10 billion, were the only other

agencies in Title III for which the request was more than $1 billion. The next-largest request was

$201.0 million for the National Endowment for the Arts, followed by $183.5 million for the

National Gallery of Art and $177.6 million for the National Endowment for the Humanities. By

contrast, nine Title III entities for which the President requested funding would have received less

than $10 million each. Figure 1 identifies the share of President Biden’s FY2022 request for

particular agencies in the Interior bill.

Figure 1. Components of President Biden’s FY2022 Request for

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies

(in billions of dollars)

Source: Prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS) with data from the House and Senate

Appropriations Committees.

Notes: The FY2022 “Indian Affairs” request reflects funds for the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Bureau of Indian

Education, and the Bureau of Trust Funds Administration. The amount shown for Indian Health Service excludes

$7.68 billion in advance appropriations requested by the President that would become available in FY2023.

Agencies shown in shades of blue are in the Department of the Interior, Title I of the bill. The Environmental

37As noted, the Forest Service request included $2.12 billion under a discretionary cap adjustment for wildfire

suppression.

Congressional Research Service

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2022 Appropriations

Protection Agency, shown in teal, is in Title II of the bill. Agencies shown in shades of olive-brown are the

Related Agencies in Title III of the bill. Figures may not add to total shown due to rounding.

Components of House-Passed Bill

The Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2022

(H.R. 4502, Division E), as passed by the House on July 29, 2021, contained $45.91 billion for

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. This total included $2.45 billion for wildfire

suppression under the cap adjustment.38

The House-passed bill did not include $7.68 billion in advance appropriations for the Indian

Health Service beginning in FY2023. In its earlier report on H.R. 4372, the House Committee on

Appropriations set out reasons for opposing the request for advance appropriations. These reasons

included that the Indian Health Service is not on “the list of accounts for which advance

appropriations can be made” and has not “commenced dialogue with the authorizing committees

about this proposal.”39 Further, the House Committee on Appropriations expressed a need for

more information on the proposal, including on “policies and procedures that may need to be

changed in the event of advance appropriations.”40 The committee directed the Indian Health

Service to submit related information to the committee.

Of the $45.91 billion in the House-passed bill, DOI agencies in Title I would have received

$16.02 billion, or 34.9% of the total. EPA, funded in Title II of the bill, would have received

$11.35 billion, or 24.7% of the total. The House-passed bill would have funded about two dozen

agencies and other entities through Title III, with $18.55 billion, or 40.4% of the bill total.

The FY2022 House-passed appropriations for five agencies constituted nearly three-quarters of

the $45.91 billion total. The appropriations for EPA, Forest Service, Indian Health Service,

National Park Service, and Bureau of Indian Affairs totaled $33.84 billion, or 73.7% of the total.

For DOI agencies, the amounts in the FY2022 House-passed bill ranged from $170.4 million for

the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement to $3.47 billion for the National Park

Service. The House-passed amounts for 7 of the 11 DOI agencies exceeded $1 billion. For the

roughly two dozen Related Agencies in Title III, the amounts ranged from $1.0 million (for the

World War I Centennial Commission) to $8.35 billion (for the Forest Service).41 As under

President Biden’s request, the House would have provided three Title III agencies with more than

$1 billion; in addition to the Forest Service, these agencies included the Indian Health Service

($8.11 billion) and the Smithsonian Institution ($1.10 billion). The next-largest amounts in Title

III were $201.0 million for each of the National Endowment for the Arts and the National

Endowment for the Humanities and $183.5 million for the National Gallery of Art. Other Title III

38 The $2.45 billion passed by the House for FY2022 included $2.12 billion for the Forest Service and $330.0 million

for DOI.

39 The budget resolution includes a limit on advance appropriations by amount and by specifying “Accounts Identified

for Advance Appropriations.” This list is printed in the Congressional Record, June 24, 2021, p. H3130. U.S. Congress,

House Committee on Appropriations, Department of the Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations

Bill, 2022, report to accompany H.R. 4372, 117th Cong., 1st sess., H.Rept. 117-83, p. 123.

40 Ibid, p. 123.

41 The Forest Service appropriation included $2.12 billion under a discretionary cap adjustment for wildfire

suppression. The House-passed bill contained $0 for two entities funded in FY2021: the Dwight D. Eisenhower

Memorial Commission and the Alyce Spotted Bear and Walter Soboleff Commission on Native Children. The Housepassed bill also included $0 in new funding for the Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation but $3.2 million for

the entity derived from unobligated balances of funding.

Congressional Research Service

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2022 Appropriations

agencies would have received lower funding amounts, including less than $10 million for each of

eight agencies.

Components of SCMD

The SCMD, released by the chair of the Senate Appropriations Committee on October 18, 2021,42

contained a total of $44.70 billion for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. This total

included $2.45 billion for wildfire suppression under the cap adjustment.43

The draft contained an additional $6.59 billion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health

Service beginning in FY2023. In its draft explanatory statement, the Senate Committee majority

expressed that “this budgetary change will enable IHS to continue to provide health services

without interruption or uncertainty, improving the quality of care and providing peace of mind for

patients and medical providers.”44

Of the $44.70 billion in the SCMD, DOI agencies in Title I would have received $15.72 billion,

or 35.2% of the total. EPA, funded in Title II of the bill, would have received $10.54 billion, or

23.6% of the total. The SCMD would have funded about two dozen agencies and other entities

through Title III, with $17.99 billion, or 40.2% of the total. The draft also contained $0.45 billion

(1% of the total) in a new Title IV, for infrastructure projects.

The SCMD would have provided five agencies with nearly three-quarters of the total funding.

The appropriations for EPA, Forest Service, Indian Health Service, National Park Service, and

Bureau of Indian Affairs totaled $32.47 billion, or 72.6% of the total.

For the 11 DOI agencies, the amounts in the FY2022 SCMD ranged from $184.8 million for the

Bureau of Ocean Energy Management to $3.46 billion for the National Park Service. The SCMD

amounts for seven of these agencies exceeded $1 billion. For the roughly two dozen Related

Agencies in Title III, the amounts ranged from $0.2 million (for the Alyce Spotted Bear and

Walter Soboleff Commission on Native Children) to $8.35 billion (for the Forest Service).45 As

under President Biden’s request and the House-passed bill, the SCMD would have provided three

Title III agencies with more than $1 billion; in addition to the Forest Service, these agencies

included the Indian Health Service ($7.62 billion) and the Smithsonian Institution ($1.10 billion).

The next-largest amounts in Title III were $183.5 million for the National Gallery of Art and

$182.5 million for each of the National Endowment for the Arts and the National Endowment for

the Humanities. Other Title III agencies would have received lower funding amounts, including

less than $10 million for each of nine agencies.

Components of FY2022 Enacted Appropriations

The FY2022 appropriations law (P.L. 117-103, Division G), enacted on March 15, 2022,

contained a total of $40.52 billion for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. This total

42 As noted, the SCMD subsequently was introduced in the Senate as S. 3034.

43 The $2.45 billion in the SCMD for FY2022 included $2.12 billion for the Forest Service and $330.0 million for DOI.

44 Senate Committee on Appropriations Majority Draft Explanatory Statement for the Department of the Interior,

Environment, and Related Agencies Appropriations Bill, 2022, released October 18, 2021, p. 6, on the website of the

Senate Committee on Appropriations at https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/INTRept_FINAL.PDF.

45 The Forest Service appropriation included $2.12 billion under a discretionary cap adjustment for wildfire

suppression. The SCMD contained $0 for an entity funded in FY2021: the Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial

Commission. It also included $0 in new funding for the Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation but contained

$3.2 million for the entity derived from unobligated balances of funding.

Congressional Research Service

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2022 Appropriations

included $2.45 billion for wildfire suppression under the cap adjustment.46 The law did not

include advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service beginning in FY2023. However,

advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service were enacted in an earlier law (P.L. 117-58,

Division J).

Of the $40.52 billion total, DOI agencies in Title I received $14.52 billion, or 35.8% of the total.

EPA, funded in Title II of the bill, received $9.56 billion, or 23.6% of the total. For about two

dozen agencies and other entities funded in Title III, the law contained $16.44 billion, or 40.6% of

the total.

The FY2022 law contained nearly three-quarters of total funding for five agencies, similar to the

President’s request, the House passed bill, and the SCMD. Specifically, the appropriations in the

FY2022 law for EPA, Forest Service, Indian Health Service, National Park Service, and Bureau

of Indian Affairs totaled $29.54 billion, or 72.9% of the total.

For the 11 DOI agencies, the FY2022 law provided funding ranging from $155.9 million for the

Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement to $3.26 billion for the National Park Service.

The appropriations for seven of the 11 agencies exceeded $1 billion. For the Related Agencies in

Title III, the amounts ranged from $0.2 million (for the Alyce Spotted Bear and Walter Soboleff

Commission on Native Children) to $7.82 billion (for the Forest Service).47 As under President

Biden’s request, the House-passed bill, and the SCMD, the FY2022 appropriations law contained

more than $1 billion for two entities in addition to the Forest Service. They are the Indian Health

Service, with $6.63 billion, and the Smithsonian Institution, with $1.06 billion. The next-largest

funding levels in Title III were $180.5 million for the National Gallery of Art and $180.0 million

for each of the National Endowment for the Arts and the National Endowment for the

Humanities. Other Title III agencies received lower funding amounts, including less than $10

million for each of nine agencies.

Comparison of FY2022 and FY2021 Appropriations48

The FY2022 enacted appropriation of $40.52 billion was $5.65 billion less than the President

requested ($46.17 billion), $5.40 billion less than passed by the House ($45.91 billion), and $4.19

billion less than included in the SCMD ($44.70 billion). The FY2022 enacted appropriation also

contained less funding for each of the three major titles of the bill than had been requested by the

President, approved the House, and contained in the SCMD. It is unclear whether and to what

extent the FY2022 enacted appropriation was lower because of the earlier enactment of FY2022

appropriations in P.L. 117-43 or P.L. 117-58.

However, the FY2022 enacted appropriation was $2.00 billion more than the FY2021 enacted

amount of $38.52 billion, and it contained higher funding than was enacted for FY2021 for each

46 The $2.45 billion in the FY2022 law included $2.12 billion for the Forest Service and $330.0 million for DOI.

47 The Forest Service appropriation included $2.12 billion under a discretionary cap adjustment for wildfire

suppression. The FY2022 appropriations law contained $0 for an entity funded in FY2021: the Dwight D. Eisenhower

Memorial Commission. It also included $0 in new funding for the Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation, but

contained $3.2 million for the entity derived from unobligated balances of funding.

48 This comparison is based on the regular appropriations enacted for FY2021 and FY2022. No supplemental

appropriations were enacted for FY2021. In contrast, Division B, Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act,

2022, of P.L. 117-43, the Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act, contained $1.78

billion in emergency appropriations for FY2022, and Division J, Appropriations, of P.L. 117-58, the Infrastructure

Investment and Jobs Act, contained $33.56 billion in emergency appropriations for FY2022. (The law also contained

$6.11 billion in advance appropriations for EPA and $56.04 billion in emergency advance appropriations for multiple

agencies).

Congressional Research Service

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2022 Appropriations

of the three major titles of the bill. Specifically, the FY2022 enacted appropriation included

$795.7 million more for DOI agencies in Title I, $322.3 million more for EPA in Title II, and

$877.0 million more for Related Agencies in Title III, relative to the FY2021 levels.

Further, the FY2022 appropriation was higher than the FY2021 appropriation for each of the 11

individual DOI agencies, four of which received increases over FY2021 of more than $100

million. They are the Bureau of Land Management ($101.3 million increase), Bureau of Indian

Affairs ($104.1 million increase), Department-Wide Programs ($110.5 million increase), and

National Park Service ($142.3 million increase). The FY2022 appropriation also was higher than

the FY2021 appropriation for each EPA account, except that for both years the Hazardous Waste

Electronic Manifest System Fund received the same appropriation matched by offsetting

collections.49

Most, but not all, Title III agencies received higher appropriations for FY2022 than for FY2021.

The two agencies with the highest appropriations received the largest dollar increases over

FY2021. Specifically, the Forest Service’s $7.82 billion appropriation was an increase of $396.4

million over FY2021, and the Indian Health Service’s $6.63 billion appropriation was an increase

of $394.7 million over FY2021.

The FY2022 enacted appropriation contained $2.45 billion for wildfire suppression under the

discretionary cap adjustment. That was the maximum amount available under law for FY2022,

and the same as the amount requested by the President, passed by the House, and contained in the

SCMD for FY2022. The FY2021 enacted appropriation was $2.35 billion, the maximum under

law for that year.50

The FY2022 appropriations law (P.L. 117-103, Division G) did not contain advance

appropriations for the Indian Health Service, though legislation enacted earlier (P.L. 117-58,

Division J) contained advance appropriations for the agency, as noted. Neither the FY2021

enacted appropriations nor the House-passed bill for FY2022 contained advance appropriations

for the Indian Health Service, unlike the President’s request and the SCMD.

Figure 2 depicts FY2021 enacted appropriations; FY2022 appropriations in President Biden’s

request, the House-passed bill, and the SCMD; and the FY2022 enacted appropriations. It shows

the appropriations contained in each of the three main appropriations titles of the Interior bill—

Title I (DOI), Title II (EPA), and Title III (Related Agencies). Further, it shows the appropriations

included in a new Title IV, General Provisions, in the SCMD. For FY2021 enacted

appropriations, it depicts the regular annual appropriations in P.L. 116-260, Division G. For the

President’s FY2022 request, it depicts amounts shown in tables prepared by the Appropriations

Committees. For FY2022 House-passed appropriations, it depicts the amounts contained in H.R.

4502, Division E. For FY2022 SCMD appropriations, it depicts the amounts contained in the

draft released by the chair of the Senate Appropriations Committee on October 18, 2021. For

FY2022 enacted appropriations, it depicts the regular annual appropriations in P.L. 117-103,

Division G. Similarly, Table 1, at the end of this report, lists the appropriations for each agency

that were enacted for FY2021 in P.L. 116-260, Division G, requested by President Biden for

FY2022, passed by the House in H.R. 4502, Division E for FY2022, contained in the SCMD for

FY2022, and enacted for FY2022 in P.L. 117-103, Division G.

49 However, this comparison does not reflect an FY2021 rescission for EPA of $28.0 million, because this rescission is

not reflected by account in the appropriations tables consulted.

50 2 U.S.C. §901(b)(2)(F).

Congressional Research Service

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2022 Appropriations

Figure 2. Appropriations for Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies, by Major

Title, FY2021-FY2022

Source: Prepared by CRS with data from the House and Senate Appropriations Committees.

Notes: SCMD = Senate Committee Majority Draft. The FY2021 enacted appropriation was contained in P.L.

116-260, Division G. The total FY2022 request shown excludes $7.68 billion in advance appropriations for the

Indian Health Service, which would become available for obligation in FY2023. House-passed appropriations for

FY2022 were contained in H.R. 4502, Division E. SCMD appropriations for FY2022 were released by the chair of

the Senate Committee on Appropriations on October 18, 2021, and introduced in the Senate on October 20,

2021, as S. 3034. The SCMD total excludes $6.59 billion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service,

which would become available for obligation in FY2023. The FY2022 enacted appropriation was contained in P.L.

117-103, Division G. The FY2022 total shown excludes $1.78 billion in FY2022 emergency supplemental

appropriations for multiple agencies for disaster relief, contained in Division B, Disaster Relief Supplemental

Appropriations Act, 2022, of P.L. 117-43, the Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency

Assistance Act. It also excludes a total of $95.71 billion for multiple agencies contained in Division J,

Appropriations, of P.L. 117-58, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, composed of the following amounts:

$33.56 billion in FY2022 emergency appropriations for multiple agencies, $6.11 billion in advance appropriations

for EPA, and $56.04 billion in emergency advance appropriations for multiple agencies (the advance

appropriations become available for obligation in future fiscal years).

Table 1. Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies:

FY2021-FY2022 Appropriations

(in thousands of dollars)

FY2022 Senate

Committee

Majority Draft

(SCMD)

FY2021

Enacted

FY2022

Admin.

Request

FY2022

House

Passed

Bureau of Land Management

$1,309,634

$1,620,501

$1,594,581

$1,541,043

$1,410,919

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

$1,583,861

$1,916,207

$1,886,569

$1,848,319

$1,645,611

National Park Service

$3,122,651

$3,497,206

$3,469,579

$3,463,410

$3,264,994

U.S. Geological Survey

$1,315,527

$1,642,437

$1,646,437

$1,493,839

$1,394,360

Bureau of Ocean Energy Management

$127,760

$184,781

$180,932

$184,781

$163,748

Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement

$125,064

$195,372

$170,372

$194,672

$155,947

Office of Surface Mining Reclamation

and Enforcement

$222,599

$312,022

$262,022

$268,097

$3,505,152

$4,076,964

$4,012,916

$3,938,365

$3,655,032

Bureau or Agency

Indian Affairsa

Congressional Research Service

FY2022

Enacted

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2022 Appropriations

FY2022 Senate

Committee

Majority Draft

(SCMD)

FY2021

Enacted

FY2022

Admin.

Request

FY2022

House

Passed

Bureau of Indian Affairs

$2,159,384

$2,618,328

$2,552,551

$2,492,828

$2,263,529

Bureau of Indian Education

$1,237,369

$1,347,964

$1,350,793

$1,334,865

$1,281,931

$110,672

$108,399

$109,572

$110,672

$109,572

$363,731

$415,207

$406,507

$475,407

$402,437

Office of the Secretary

$103,210

$130,887

$116,687

$190,087

$123,367

Insular Affairs

$115,156

$122,440

$127,940

$122,440

$121,940

Office of the Solicitor

$86,813

$95,498

$96,498

$94,998

Office of Inspector General

$58,552

$66,382

$62,132

Department-Wide Programs

$1,529,609

$1,888,686b

$1,823,940

$1,799,486

$1,640,142

Wildland Fire Management

$1,302,623

$1,440,441

$1,443,061

$1,455,441

$1,356,097

$10,010

$10,036

$169,200

$120,000

$65,000

$5,000

Natural Resource Damage Assessment Fund

$7,767

$7,933

Working Capital Fund

$60,735

$91,436

$89,436

$91,436

Office of Natural Resources Revenue

$148,474

$169,640

$153,474

$169,640

General Provisions: Payments in Lieu of Taxesb

$515,000

$525,000

$515,000

Subtotal, Title I: Department of the Interiorc

$13,720,588

$16,275,383

$16,019,855

$15,717,344

$14,516,287

Subtotal, Title II: Environmental Protection

Agency

$9,237,153

$11,233,279

$11,347,071

$10,541,049

$9,559,485

$875

$1,396

$1,000

$7,423,834

$8,405,136

$8,354,704

$8,354,482

$7,820,277

$6,236,279

$8,209,279d

$8,114,166

$7,616,250e

$6,630,986

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

$81,500

$83,540

$84,540

$82,540

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

$78,000

$81,750

$84,000

$81,750

$80,500

Council on Environmental Quality and Office of

Environmental Quality

$3,500

$4,200

Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board

$12,000

$13,400

Office of Navajo and Hopi Indian Relocation

$4,000

$0f

Institute of American Indian and Alaska Native

Culture and Arts Development

$10,772

$11,000

$11,772

$11,000

$11,741

Smithsonian Institution

$1,032,722

$1,102,000

$1,062,215

National Gallery of Art

$176,445

$183,500

$180,500

John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts

$40,400

$40,440

Woodrow Wilson International Center for

Scholars

$14,000

$14,095

$14,000

$15,000

Bureau or Agency

Bureau of Trust Funds Administration

Office of the Special Trustee for American Indians

Departmental Offices

Central Hazardous Materials Fund

Energy Community Revitalization Program

Dept. of Agriculture Under Secretary for Natural

Resources & Environment

Forest Service

Indian Health Service

Congressional Research Service

FY2022

Enacted

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2022 Appropriations

Bureau or Agency

FY2022

Admin.

Request

FY2021

Enacted

FY2022 Senate

Committee

Majority Draft

(SCMD)

FY2022

House

Passed

FY2022

Enacted

National Endowment for the Arts

$167,500

$201,000

$182,500

$180,000

National Endowment for the Humanities

$167,500

$177,550

$201,000

$182,500

$180,000

Commission of Fine Arts

$3,240

$3,328

National Capital Arts and Cultural Affairs

$5,000

Advisory Council on Historic Preservation

$7,400

$8,255

National Capital Planning Commission

$8,124

$8,382

$8,750

U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum

$61,388

$62,616

$64,616

$62,616

Presidio Trust

$20,000

$31,000

$40,000

$20,000

$40,000

Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial Commission

$1,000

World War I Centennial Commission

$7,000

$1,000

U.S. Semiquincentennial Commission

$8,000

Alyce Spotted Bear and Walter Soboleff

Commission on Native Children

$500

$200

$15,562,979 $18,659,867d

$18,547,794

$17,988,343e

$16,439,948

$453,984

$38,520,720 $46,168,529d

$45,914,720

Subtotal, Title III: Related Agencies

Subtotal, Title IV: General Provisions

Total Interior, Environment, and Related

Agencies

$44,700,720e $40,515,720g

Source: Prepared by CRS with data from the House and Senate Appropriations Committees. Agency and bill

totals generally reflect rescissions.

Notes: Enacted appropriations for FY2021 were contained in P.L. 116-260, Division G. The FY2022 request

excludes $7.68 billion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service, which would become available for

obligation in FY2023. House-passed appropriations for FY2022 were contained in H.R. 4502, Division E. Senate

Committee Majority Draft (SCMD) appropriations for FY2022 were released by the chair of the Senate

Committee on Appropriations on October 18, 2021, and later introduced in the Senate as S. 3034. The SCMD

total excludes $6.59 billion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service, which would become

available for obligation in FY2023. Enacted appropriations for FY2022, shown in the last column, were contained

in P.L. 117-103, Division G. Additional FY2022 and advance appropriations were provided in Division B, Disaster

Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022, of P.L. 117-43, the Extending Government Funding and Delivering

Emergency Assistance Act, and Division J, Appropriations, of P.L. 117-58, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs

Act, as detailed below in note g.

a. This row shows total funding for the listed entities. For FY2022, President Biden sought to fund the

functions of the Office of the Special Trustee for American Indians through a new Bureau of Trust Funds

Administration.

b. The FY2022 requested appropriations for the Payments in Lieu of Taxes Program ($525.0 million) were

included under Department-Wide Programs. For easier comparison, these appropriations are shown in this

table under General Provisions.

c. Amounts in this row for FY2022 requested, House-passed, and SCMD appropriations reflect $1.0 million

not shown in the column figures above. The funding was included in the General Provisions of the Interior

title of the bill, for decommissioning off-shore facilities and related activities.

d. This figure excludes $7.68 billion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service that would

become available for obligation in FY2023. Including these appropriations, the President’s request was

$15.89 billion for the Indian Health Service; $26.34 billion for Title III Related Agencies; and $53.85 billion

for total Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies.

Congressional Research Service

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2022 Appropriations

This figure excludes $6.59 billion in advance appropriations for the Indian Health Service that would

become available for obligation in FY2023. Including these appropriations, the SCMD contained $14.20

billion for the Indian Health Service; $24.57 billion for Title III Related Agencies; and $51.29 billion for total

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies. Also, a table on page 3 of the draft explanatory statement for

the SCMD identifies the total (in thousands) as $44,698,720. The detailed funding table in the draft appears

to sum to the total reflected in this CRS table.

The House-passed bill, SCMD, and FY2022 enacted appropriation included $0 in new funding but approved

$3.2 million derived from unobligated balances of funding.

This figure excludes $1.78 billion in FY2022 emergency supplemental appropriations for multiple agencies

for disaster relief, contained in Division B, Disaster Relief Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2022, of P.L.

117-43, the Extending Government Funding and Delivering Emergency Assistance Act. It also excludes a

total of $95.71 billion for multiple agencies contained in Division J, Appropriations, of P.L. 117-58, the

Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, composed of the following amounts: $33.56 billion in FY2022

emergency appropriations for multiple agencies, $6.11 billion in advance appropriations for EPA, and $56.04

billion in emergency advance appropriations for multiple agencies.

Author Information

Carol Hardy Vincent

Specialist in Natural Resources Policy

Key Policy Staff

Area of Expertise

Name

Interior Appropriations, coordinator

Carol Hardy Vincent

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

David M. Bearden

Bureau of Indian Affairs

Carol Hardy Vincent

Bureau of Indian Education

Cassandria Dortch

Bureau of Land Management

Carol Hardy Vincent

Bureau of Ocean Energy Management

Laura B. Comay

Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement

Laura B. Comay

Environmental Protection Agency

Angela C. Jones

Forest Service

Katie Hoover

Indian Health Service

Elayne J. Heisler

Land and Water Conservation Fund

Carol Hardy Vincent

Office of Insular Affairs

R. Sam Garrett

Office of Natural Resources Revenue

Laura B. Comay

Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement

Lance N. Larson

National Endowment for the Arts and National

Endowment for the Humanities

Shannon S. Loane

Congressional Research Service

Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies: Overview of FY2022 Appropriations

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

(Superfund authorities)

David M. Bearden

National Park Service

Laura B. Comay

Payments in Lieu of Taxes

Katie Hoover

Reorganization of DOI

Mark DeSantis

Smithsonian Institution

Shannon S. Loane

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Pervaze A. Sheikh

U.S. Geological Survey

Anna E. Normand

Wildland Fire Management

Katie Hoover

Disclaimer

This document was prepared by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). CRS serves as nonpartisan

shared staff to congressional committees and Members of Congress. It operates solely at the behest of and

under the direction of Congress. Information in a CRS Report should not be relied upon for purposes other

than public understanding of information that has been provided by CRS to Members of Congress in

connection with CRS’s institutional role. CRS Reports, as a work of the United States Government, are not

subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any CRS Report may be reproduced and distributed in

its entirety without permission from CRS. However, as a CRS Report may include copyrighted images or

material from a third party, you may need to obtain the permission of the copyright holder if you wish to

copy or otherwise use copyrighted material.

Congressional Research Service

R46908 · VERSION 6 · UPDATED

This is a copy of a public record, reproduced as it was published. It is not legal advice, and it may not be the version a court would rely on. Check the official source before you cite it.