The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Congressional research reportJan 24, 2011
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The Uninsured by State and Congressional
District
(name redacted)
Specialist in Health Care Financing
January 24, 2011
Congressional Research Service
7-....
www.crs.gov
R41621
CRS Report for Congress
Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Summary
The total U.S. civilian non-institutionalized population in 2009 was estimated to be slightly more
than 301 million of whom 15.1%, or 45.5 million, were estimated by the American Community
Survey to be without health insurance or uninsured. The uninsured are far more likely than those
with health insurance to report problems getting needed medical care, less likely to follow
recommended treatments because of costs, have less access to care, receive less preventive care,
and are more likely to be hospitalized for avoidable health problems. Moreover, it is widely
believed that the uninsured, when they need care, are less able to pay for their care since they do
not have health insurance and therefore it is further assumed that other payers take on the
financial burden of their care through higher prices.
Many Americans obtain their health insurance through employers. Local factors such as local
labor market conditions, the mix of firms and firm sizes, and demographic factors such as age,
play a role in the proportion of uninsured among those of working age. The Medicare program
has effectively provided health insurance to almost all elderly Americans while the Medicaid
program and the State Children’s Health Insurance Program have expanded health insurance
coverage to both the poor and to children. State policies to expand coverage, including
implementing Medicaid waivers to expand coverage, account for some of the differences across
states in the proportion of uninsureds. Similarly, state policies to expand coverage such as
employer or personal mandates to purchase insurance in Hawaii and Massachusetts further
explain some of the differences in the number of uninsureds across states.
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA, P.L. 111-148, as amended), through an
expansion of Medicaid and the creation of state health insurance exchanges, is projected by the
Congressional Budget Office to reduce the share of legal non-elderly residents without health
insurance to 6% of the population by 2019.
This report, using the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2009 American Community Survey, details
differences in the number and proportion of uninsured across states, within states, and across
demographic groups.
Congressional Research Service
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Contents
Background...................................................................................................................................... 1
The Uninsured ........................................................................................................................... 1
Methodology.................................................................................................................................... 3
The Survey Question ................................................................................................................. 3
The ACS and Other Surveys of the Uninsured.......................................................................... 4
The Uninsured: National Analysis 2009.......................................................................................... 5
Estimates of the Number of Uninsured by Selected Demographic Characteristics .................. 5
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Uninsured ......................................... 6
The Uninsured: Comparisons Across States .................................................................................... 8
Number and Percentage of Uninsureds by State ....................................................................... 8
One-Year Change in Uninsureds ............................................................................................... 8
The Uninsured: Characteristics by State, 2009.............................................................................. 14
The Uninsured: Characteristics by Congressional District (111th Congress)................................. 29
Alabama................................................................................................................................... 31
Alaska...................................................................................................................................... 33
Arizona .................................................................................................................................... 35
Arkansas .................................................................................................................................. 37
California................................................................................................................................. 39
Colorado .................................................................................................................................. 42
Connecticut.............................................................................................................................. 44
Delaware.................................................................................................................................. 46
District of Columbia ................................................................................................................ 48
Florida ..................................................................................................................................... 50
Georgia .................................................................................................................................... 52
Hawaii ..................................................................................................................................... 54
Idaho ........................................................................................................................................ 56
Illinois...................................................................................................................................... 58
Indiana ..................................................................................................................................... 60
Iowa ......................................................................................................................................... 62
Kansas ..................................................................................................................................... 64
Kentucky.................................................................................................................................. 66
Louisiana ................................................................................................................................. 68
Maine....................................................................................................................................... 70
Maryland.................................................................................................................................. 72
Massachusetts.......................................................................................................................... 74
Michigan.................................................................................................................................. 76
Minnesota ................................................................................................................................ 78
Mississippi............................................................................................................................... 80
Missouri................................................................................................................................... 82
Montana................................................................................................................................... 84
Nebraska.................................................................................................................................. 86
Nevada..................................................................................................................................... 88
New Hampshire ....................................................................................................................... 90
New Jersey............................................................................................................................... 92
New Mexico ............................................................................................................................ 94
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The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
New York................................................................................................................................. 96
North Carolina ......................................................................................................................... 98
North Dakota ......................................................................................................................... 100
Ohio ....................................................................................................................................... 102
Oklahoma .............................................................................................................................. 104
Oregon ................................................................................................................................... 106
Pennsylvania.......................................................................................................................... 108
Rhode Island.......................................................................................................................... 110
South Carolina....................................................................................................................... 112
South Dakota ......................................................................................................................... 114
Tennessee............................................................................................................................... 116
Texas...................................................................................................................................... 118
Utah ....................................................................................................................................... 120
Vermont ................................................................................................................................. 122
Virginia .................................................................................................................................. 124
Washington ............................................................................................................................ 126
West Virginia ......................................................................................................................... 128
Wisconsin .............................................................................................................................. 130
Wyoming ............................................................................................................................... 132
Figures
Figure 1. Map: The Uninsured by State – 2009............................................................................. 12
Tables
Table 1. Estimates of the Uninsured by Selected Demographic Characteristics, 2009 ................... 7
Table 2. Number and Percentage of Uninsured, by State, 2009 ...................................................... 9
Table 3. Ranking of States, by Percentage Uninsured, 2009 ......................................................... 10
Table 4. One-year Change in Percentage Uninsured, by State, 2008-2009 ................................... 13
Table 5. Percentage Uninsured by Age, by State, 2009 ................................................................. 16
Table 6. Ranking of States by Percentage Uninsured by Age, 2009.............................................. 18
Table 7. Percentage Uninsured, by Income by State, 2009............................................................ 21
Table 8. Ranking of States by Percentage Uninsured by Income, 2009 ........................................ 23
Table 9. Percentage Uninsured by Marital and Employment Status by State, 2009...................... 24
Table 10. Ranking of States by Percentage Uninsured by Marital Status, 2009............................ 26
Table 11. Ranking of States by Percentage Uninsured by Employment Status, 2009 ................... 28
Table A-1. Alabama: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009........................................................ 31
Table A-2. Alabama: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ........................................................................... 32
Table A-3. Alaska: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009 ........................................................... 33
Table A-4. Alaska: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by State
and Congressional District (111th), 2009 .................................................................................... 34
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Table A-5. Arizona: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009 ......................................................... 35
Table A-6. Arizona: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ........................................................................... 36
Table A-7. Arkansas: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009 ....................................................... 37
Table A-8. Arkansas: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ........................................................................... 38
Table A-9.California: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009....................................................... 39
Table A-10.California: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ........................................................................... 40
Table A-11.Colorado: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009 ...................................................... 42
Table A-12.Colorado: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ........................................................................... 43
Table A-13.Connecticut: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009.................................................. 44
Table A-14.Connecticut: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ........................................................................... 45
Table A-15.Delaware: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009...................................................... 46
Table A-16.Delaware: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ........................................................................... 47
Table A-17.District of Columbia: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009.................................... 48
Table A-18.District of Columbia; Number and Percentage of People Without Health
Insurance, by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ..................................................... 49
Table A-19.Florida: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009 ......................................................... 50
Table A-20.Florida: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ........................................................................... 51
Table A-21.Georgia: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009 ........................................................ 52
Table A-22.Georgia: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ........................................................................... 53
Table A-23. Hawaii: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009 ........................................................ 54
Table A-24. Hawaii: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ........................................................................... 55
Table A-25.Idaho: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009............................................................ 56
Table A-26.Idaho: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by State
and Congressional District (111th), 2009 .................................................................................... 57
Table A-27.Illinois: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009.......................................................... 58
Table A-28.Illinois: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by State
and Congressional District (111th), 2009 .................................................................................... 59
Table A-29.Indiana: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009 ......................................................... 60
Table A-30.Indiana: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ........................................................................... 61
Table A-31.Iowa: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009 ............................................................. 62
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Table A-32.Iowa: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by State
and Congressional District (111th), 2009 .................................................................................... 63
Table A-33.Kansas: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009 ......................................................... 64
Table A-34.Kansas: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ........................................................................... 65
Table A-35.Kentucky: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009 ..................................................... 66
Table A-36.Kentucky: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ........................................................................... 67
Table A-37.Louisiana: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009 ..................................................... 68
Table A-38.Louisiana: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ........................................................................... 69
Table A-39.Maine: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009........................................................... 70
Table A-40.Maine: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by State
and Congressional District (111th), 2009 .................................................................................... 71
Table A-41.Maryland: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009 ..................................................... 72
Table A-42.Maryland: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ........................................................................... 73
Table A-43.Massachusetts: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009.............................................. 74
Table A-44.Massachusetts: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance,
by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ...................................................................... 75
Table A-45.Michigan: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009...................................................... 76
Table A-46.Michigan: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ........................................................................... 77
Table A-47.Minnesota: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009 .................................................... 78
Table A-48.Minnesota: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ........................................................................... 79
Table A-49.Mississippi: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009................................................... 80
Table A-50.Mississippi: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ........................................................................... 81
Table A-51.Missouri: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009....................................................... 82
Table A-52.Missouri: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ........................................................................... 83
Table A-53.Montana: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009....................................................... 84
Table A-54.Montana: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ........................................................................... 85
Table A-55. .Nebraska: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009.................................................... 86
Table A-56.Nebraska: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ........................................................................... 87
Table A-57.Nevada: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009......................................................... 88
Table A-58.Nevada: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ........................................................................... 89
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Table A-59.New Hampshire: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009........................................... 90
Table A-60.New Hampshire: Number and Percentage of People Without Health
Insurance, by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 .................................................... 91
Table A-61.New Jersey: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009 .................................................. 92
Table A-62.New Jersey: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ........................................................................... 93
Table A-63.New Mexico: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009 ................................................ 94
Table A-64.New Mexico: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance,
by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ...................................................................... 95
Table A-65.New York: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009..................................................... 96
Table A-66.New York: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ........................................................................... 97
Table A-67.North Carolina: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009............................................. 98
Table A-68.North Carolina: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance,
by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ...................................................................... 99
Table A-69.North Dakota: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009 ............................................. 100
Table A-70.North Dakota: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance,
by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 .................................................................... 101
Table A-71.Ohio: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009 ........................................................... 102
Table A-72.Ohio: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by State
and Congressional District (111th), 2009 .................................................................................. 103
Table A-73.Oklahoma: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009 .................................................. 104
Table A-74.Oklahoma: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ......................................................................... 105
Table A-75.Oregon: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009 ....................................................... 106
Table A-76.Oregon: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ......................................................................... 107
Table A-77.Pennsylvania: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009.............................................. 108
Table A-78.Pennsylvania: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance,
by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 .................................................................... 109
Table A-79.Rhode Island: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009.............................................. 110
Table A-80.Rhode Island: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance,
by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 .................................................................... 111
Table A-81.South Carolina: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009........................................... 112
Table A-82.South Carolina: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance,
by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 .................................................................... 113
Table A-83.South Dakota: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009 ............................................. 114
Table A-84.South Dakota: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance,
by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 .................................................................... 115
Table A-85.Tennessee: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009................................................... 116
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Table A-86.Tennessee: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ......................................................................... 117
Table A-87.Texas: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009.......................................................... 118
Table A-88.Texas: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by State
and Congressional District (111th), 2009 .................................................................................. 119
Table A-89.Utah: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009 ........................................................... 120
Table A-90.Utah: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by State
and Congressional District (111th), 2009 .................................................................................. 121
Table A-91.Vermont: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009 ..................................................... 122
Table A-92.Vermont: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ......................................................................... 123
Table A-93.Virginia: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009 ...................................................... 124
Table A-94.Virginia: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ......................................................................... 125
Table A-95.Washington: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009 ................................................ 126
Table A-96.Washington: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ......................................................................... 127
Table A-97.West Virginia: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009 ............................................. 128
Table A-98.West Virginia: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance,
by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 .................................................................... 129
Table A-99.Wisconsin: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009 .................................................. 130
Table A-100.Wisconsin: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ......................................................................... 131
Table A-101.Wyoming: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009 ................................................. 132
Table A-102.Wyoming: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance, by
State and Congressional District (111th), 2009 ......................................................................... 133
Appendixes
Appendix. State and Congressional District Data Tables .............................................................. 31
Contacts
Author Contact Information......................................................................................................... 133
Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................... 133
Congressional Research Service
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Background
The Uninsured
Roughly 15% of Americans are not covered by health insurance.1 The uninsured are more likely
to:2
•
report problems getting needed medical care; and
•
be hospitalized for avoidable health problems.
In addition, they are less likely, among other things, to:
•
follow recommended treatments because of costs;
•
have access to care; or
•
receive preventive care.
Moreover, it is widely believed that the uninsured, when they need care, face higher prices since
they do not benefit from negotiated discounts.3 In addition, they are less able to pay for their care
since they do not have health insurance and therefore other payers are forced indirectly to assume
the financial burden of their care through higher prices.
While two-thirds of the uninsured are poor or near poor (i.e., with family incomes less than 133%
of federal poverty level (FPL)), in 2008 it was estimated that “the uninsured contributed $30
billion toward their own medical care. In addition, they benefited from $56 billion in
uncompensated care—$43 billion of which was government spending for care on behalf of the
uninsured (Medicaid disproportionate share hospital (DSH) and supplemental payment programs,
Medicare DSH and indirect medical education (IME) payments,4 various direct care programs,
and state and local tax appropriations).”5 The Institute of Medicine has estimated that among
1
While the actual proportion of uninsured varies somewhat from survey to survey, the various well designed federally
sponsored surveys provide consistent and reliable estimates over time. See Office of the Assistant Secretary for
Planning and Evaluation, Understanding Estimates of the Uninsured: Putting the Differences in Context , Department
of Health and Human Services, ASPE Issue Brief, Washington, DC, September 2005, http://aspe.hhs.gov/health/
reports/05/uninsured-understanding-ib/index.htm.
2
The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, The Uninsured: A Primer, Washington, DC, October 2009,
http://www.kff.org/uninsured/upload/7451-05.pdf.
3
L. Lagnado, “Hospitals Try Extreme Measures to Collect Their Overdue Debts,” The Wall Street Journal, October
30, 2003, but also see Glenn A. Melnick and Katya Fonkych , “Hospital Pricing And The Uninsured: Do The
Uninsured Pay Higher prices?,” Health Affairs, vol. 27, no. 2 (2008), pp. w116-w122 .
4
Medicaid DSH payments or disproportionate share hospital payments are additional payments made to hospitals that
serve a large number of low-income patients. See Christie Provost Peters, The Basics: Medicaid Disproportionate
Hospital (DSH) Payments, National Health Policy Forum, Washington, DC, June 15, 2009, http://www.nhpf.org/
library/the-basics/Basics_DSH_06-15-09.pdf. Indirect Medical Education payments, or IME payments, are additional
Medicare payments to teaching hospitals for the higher cost of patient care in those facilities.
5
Jack Hadley, John Holahan, and Teresa Coughlin, et al., “Covering The Uninsured In 2008: Current Costs, Sources
Of Payment, And Incremental Costs,” Health Affairs Web Exclusive, August 25, 2008, pp. W411-W413.
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The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
individuals ages 25-64, approximately 18,000 excess deaths per year can be attributed to the lack
of health insurance.6
As this report details, there are considerable differences across states, within states, and across
demographic groups in the proportion of uninsured. The Medicare program has effectively
provided health insurance to almost all elderly Americans while the Medicaid program and the
State Children’s Health Insurance Program have expanded health insurance coverage to both the
poor and to children. State policies to expand health insurance coverage, including Medicaid
waivers, account for some of the differences across states in the proportion of uninsureds.7 For
instance, Vermont has extended Medicaid benefits to childless adults with incomes up to 150% of
FPL and only 8.6% of the state’s population is uninsured.8 Similarly, state policies such as
employer or personal mandates to purchase health insurance in Hawaii and Massachusetts further
explain some of the differences.
The explanation for variations in health insurance coverage among working adults is complex
since it must include decisions on the part of employers to offer coverage and decisions regarding
the nature of the coverage, including cost sharing, if insurance is offered. In addition, it needs to
take into consideration employees’ decisions to purchase insurance. According to the Kaiser
Family Foundation, 61% of the non-elderly population received employer-sponsored health
insurance in 2009.9 While employer-based health insurance is nearly universally offered by large
employers (over 200 employees), only 59% of small firms (3-9 employees) offered health
insurance.10 Thus, the working uninsured, poor, and unemployed who are not otherwise eligible
for a public program, covered under a family member’s policy, or cannot afford coverage are
either relegated to the more expensive individual market or to do without coverage.
To understand those who are employed and have health insurance, one needs to understand the
decision-making process that firms engage in when deciding whether to offer employees health
insurance and how to share these costs. While many policy analysts have focused on the tax
treatment of health insurance premiums as one impetus for employer provided health insurance,
other factors such as local labor market conditions and company image are also likely to play a
role in these decisions. Even if one is employed and works for a firm that offers health insurance,
there is a further set of calculations that employees make regarding whether to take-up the offer
of health insurance. These considerations include: one’s current health status, one’s expectation of
future health insurance requirements, cost (including cost sharing of the premium, deductibles,
and coinsurance), and the availability of other benefits through Section 125 cafeteria plans (where
employees can personalized benefits from a set of offerings). In 2005, it was estimated that about
7% of those who are offered employer health insurance are actually uninsured.11 All of these
6
Institute of Medicine, Care without Coverage: Too Little, Too Late , Washington , DC: National Academies Press,
2002.
7
For additional background on Medicaid waivers, see CRS Report RL33202, Medicaid: A Primer, by (name redacted).
8
See Kaiser State Health Facts – Income Eligibility – Childless Adults. http://www.statehealthfacts.org/
comparetable.jsp?ind=749&cat=4.
9
Jonathan Gruber, The Tax Exclusion For Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance, National Bureau Of Economic
Research, Working Paper 15766, Cambridge, MA, February 2010, http://www.nber.org/papers/w15766 citing Kaiser
Family Foundation.
10
Smaller firms also tend to have higher employee contributions to premiums and less generous benefits. See Kaiser
Family Foundation and Health Research & Educational Trust, Employer Health Benefits: 2010 Summary of Findings,
2010, http://ehbs.kff.org/pdf/2010/8086.pdf.
11
Jonathan Gruber and Ebonya Washington, “Subsidies to Employee Health Insurance Premiums and the Health
(continued...)
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The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
factors, in addition to others, will affect the proportion of working aged Americans without health
insurance.
Methodology
This report employs the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2009 American Community Survey (ACS) to
describe the characteristics of the uninsured and provide estimates of the number and percentage
of uninsureds at the national, state, and congressional district level.12 The survey is briefly
described below and more fully documented at the U.S. Census Bureau’s Website.13
The ACS is representative of the civilian non-institutionalized population and is designed to
produce reliable estimates of the number of uninsured at the time of the survey. Respondents in
the 2009 survey were sampled between January 1 and December 31, 2009. The ACS is a
mailout/mailback survey with telephone and in-person nonresponse follow-up, conducted
continuously throughout the year, with results consolidated to produce annual estimates using
90% confidence intervals.
This is the second year that the Congressional Research Service has used the ACS to generate
these estimates. While this year we report the state-level change in the proportion of uninsured in
2009 compared to 2008, in future years we will use the ACS to track changes in the number and
proportion of uninsured over a longer period of time.
The Survey Question
The ACS contains a single multipart question (question 16) addressing health insurance coverage.
The question is replicated below. Someone who responds “no” to every item is characterized as
uninsured.
(...continued)
Insurance Market,” Journal of Health Economics, vol. 24, no. 2 (2005), p. 590.
12
The 2009 American Community Survey dataset was released by the U.S. Census Bureau in October 2010.
13
http://www.census.gov/acs/www.
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ACS Health Insurance Question
16. Is this person CURRENTLY covered by any of the following types of health insurance of health
coverage plans? Mark “Yes” or “No” for EACH type of coverage for items a – h.
Item
Yes
No
Insurance through a current or former employer or union (of
this person or another family member)
[]
[]
b.
Insurance purchased directly from an insurance company (by
this person or another family member)
[]
[]
c.
Medicare, for people 65 or older, or people with certain
disabilities
[]
[]
d.
Medicaid, Medical Assistance, or any kind of governmentassistance plan for those with low incomes or a disability
[]
[]
e.
TRICARE or other military health care
[]
[]
f.
VA (including those who have ever used or enrolled for VA
health care)
[]
[]
g.
Indian Health Service
[]
[]
h.
Any other type of health insurance or health coverage plan –
[]
[]
a.
Specify ______________________________
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey (ACS).
The ACS and Other Surveys of the Uninsured
There are several national surveys that estimate the uninsured including the Current Population
Survey (CPS), the American Community Survey (ACS), and the National Health Interview
Survey (NHIS). Each of these efforts have limitations – many of which have been well
documented and acknowledged by the Census Bureau and other research organizations.14 For
example, the CPS and NHIS have historically undercounted Medicaid beneficiaries and estimates
are less reliable for small states.15
The ACS, with a sample size of roughly 2 million completed surveys per year, allows for
reasonably accurate estimates of areas with a population of 65,000 or more. Therefore, the ACS
does a better job of reducing error associated with small sample size as compared to either the
CPS or NHIS. However, regardless of the survey used, discrepancies exist between survey
estimates of the number of uninsureds and estimates based on state and national administrative
data.
14
See Thomas J. Plewes, Rapporteur National Research Council and National Research Council, “Federal Surveys,” in
Databases for Estimating Health Insurance Coverage for Children: A Workshop Summary, http://www.nap.edu/
catalog.php?record_id=13024 ed. (Washington , DC: National Academies Press, 2010).
15
U.S. Census Bureau, “Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2008,” Current
Population Reports P60-236(RV), Washington, DC, 2009, at http://www.census.gov/prod/2009pubs/p60-236.pdf, p. 20
and p. 57.
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The ACS is not without its limitations, including that:16
•
it is primarily a mail survey completed without the assistance of an interviewer;
•
there is a single health insurance question that uses an itemized list of coverage
types;
•
the survey does not clearly delineate the coverage categories or clearly direct
respondents that “direct purchase” of insurance should be completely
independent of a current or former employer; and
•
the characterization of uninsured is not collected directly, rather uninsured status
is derived from the answers to the various types of coverage and the result is not
verified.
Despite these limitations, the ACS produces results that are generally very similar to those
obtained from other surveys and the larger sample size allows for reliable state and congressional
district estimates of the uninsured.17
The Uninsured: National Analysis 2009
Estimates of the Number of Uninsured by Selected Demographic
Characteristics
The total U.S. civilian non-institutionalized population in 2009 was estimated to be slightly more
than 301 million of whom 15.1%, or 45.7 million, were uninsured (see Table 1). Women were
about 20% more likely to be uninsured than men with 16.9% of women being uninsured
compared to 13.4% of men. Older Americans, above age 65, were least likely to be uninsured,
fewer than 1%, because of the near universal coverage offered by Medicare. Those under age 19
were also less likely to be uninsured (9.0%) with only about 5% of those under age 1 and 7% of
those under age 6 being uninsured. Individuals age 19 through 21 were most likely to be
uninsured (29.7%).
Low income is associated with not having health insurance and individuals with incomes equal or
less than 133% of FPL are least likely to have health insurance (27.7%) compared to other
income groups. Almost 95% of those at 400% or more of FPL have health insurance.
Marital and employment status are also associated with being uninsured. Single individuals, age
18-64, were twice as likely to be uninsured compared to married individuals and those working
part-time were almost twice as likely to be uninsured compared to individuals working full time.18
16
Thomas J. Plewes, Rapporteur National Research Council and National Research Council, “Federal Surveys,” in
Databases for Estimating Health Insurance Coverage for Children: A Workshop Summary, http://www.nap.edu/
catalog.php?record_id=13024 ed. (Washington , DC: National Academies Press, 2010).
17
Ibid.
18
Full time is defined in PPACA § 1513(c)(4) as working 30 hours a week. To align with PPACA’s definition, full
time is defined in this report as working 30 or more hours a week for 50 or more weeks and part-time is defined as
working fewer than 30 hours a week or less than 50 weeks per year.
Congressional Research Service
5
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Uninsured
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA, P.L. 111-148, as amended) was
designed, in part, to expand access to health insurance. For instance, beginning with renewals
from September 23, 2010, PPACA provides that dependent children up to age 26 can remain on
their parent’s health insurance generally beginning with the next subsequent renewal. Beginning
in 2014, or sooner at state option, PPACA requires states to expand Medicaid to certain
individuals who are under age 65 with income up to 133% of FPL. This reform not only expands
eligibility to a group that is not currently eligible for Medicaid (low income childless adults), but
also raises Medicaid’s mandatory income eligibility level for certain existing groups to 133% of
the FPL.19 The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) and Joint Committee on Taxation estimated
that the coverage expansion provisions in the health reform law would result in a Medicaid
enrollment increase, over what otherwise would have been the case, of approximately 16 million
by FY2019.20
Under PPACA, states are to establish health insurance exchanges that provide eligible individuals
and small businesses with access to health insurance. In addition, individuals with incomes
greater than 133% of FPL up to 400% of FPL are eligible for premium tax credits and costsharing subsidies. CBO estimates that 24 million individuals will obtain health insurance through
an exchange and 5 million more will obtain their insurance through their employer’s participation
in an exchange. While some individuals who are currently privately insured will be covered
through an exchange in the future, CBO estimated that, on net, PPACA will reduce the number of
uninsured by 32 million by 2019, leaving 23 million (or 6%) of non-elderly Americans
uninsured.21
19
PPACA extended Medicaid coverage of children 6 through 18 up to 133% of FPL but the subsequent Medicare and
Medicaid Extenders Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-309).
20
Congressional Budget Office, letter to Honorable Nancy Pelosi, March 20, 2010, available at
http://www.cbo.gov/doc.cfm?index=11379.
21
Ibid.
Congressional Research Service
6
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Table 1. Estimates of the Uninsured by Selected Demographic Characteristics, 2009
(numbers in thousands)
Above (+), At
(x), Below (-)
Overall
National
Averageb
Total
Population
Number
Uninsured
Percent
Uninsured
301,472
45,665
15.1
Male
153,927
20,699
13.4
-
Female
147,545
24,966
16.9
+
Under 1 Year
4,054
207
5.1
-
Under Age 6
25,201
1,764
7.0
-
Under Age 19
79,011
7,116
9.0
-
Under Age 26
108,259
16,399
15.1
x
Age 19 through 21
13,038
3,873
29.7
+
Age 21 through 64
175,729
35,665
20.3
+
Age 65 and over
37,932
358
0.9
-
Poverty Status
298,038
45,395
15.2
≤133% FPL
61,314
16,991
27.7
+
>133 to <400% FPL
127,517
22,486
17.6
+
≥400% + FPL
109,206
5,918
5.4
-
189,181
38,937
20.6
Singlec
90,884
25,608
28.2
+
Married
98,297
13,329
13.6
-
Employed Full Timed
100,110
14,295
14.3
-
Employed Part Timee
33,093
8,759
26.5
+
Total Populationa
Total Population Age 18-64
Source: CRS analysis of data from 2009 American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau.
a.
All figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an estimate with a
confidence interval around the estimate. While the confidence intervals are not presented, they are
available.
b.
Above (below) the national level means that subgroup has, with a 90% confidence level, a statistically
significantly higher (lower) likelihood of being uninsured as compared to the overall national average. If a
subgroup is at the national level, there is no statistical difference between the proportion of individuals
uninsured in the subgroup and the national average.
c.
The population estimates based on poverty status are less than the total population estimates since these
estimates exclude people in military group quarters, people in college dormitories, and unrelated individuals
under 15 years old as well as institutionalized individuals.
d.
Never married, separated, divorced, or widowed.
e.
Working 30 or more hours for 50 or more weeks a year. 6: Working fewer than 30 hours a week for
fewer than 50 weeks a year.
Congressional Research Service
7
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
The Uninsured: Comparisons Across States
Number and Percentage of Uninsureds by State
There is wide variation across states in terms of the percentage of each state’s civilian noninstitutionalized population not having insurance (see Table 2). For instance, residents of Texas
are five times more likely not to have health insurance as residents of Massachusetts. Table 3
ranks orders the states from lowest to highest in terms of each state’s percent uninsured
population and Figure 1 presents the same data on a map of the United States.
While there are many factors that can potentially influence these estimates, two of the 10 states
with the lowest percentage of uninsureds, Massachusetts and Hawaii, have insurance mandates
(see Table 3). Hawaii has had an employer health insurance mandate since 1974 which covers
employees who work 20 hours a week or more;22 and Massachusetts adopted an individual
mandate beginning in July 2007. The District of Columbia has a low proportion of uninsureds in
part due to its low-income childless-adult Medicaid waiver and the District’s Healthcare Alliance
Program which provides care to non-disabled childless-adults, non-qualified aliens and some
individuals who are over-income for Medicaid. Most of the remaining states in the top ten, with
the exception of Iowa, also have Medicaid waivers that cover low-income childless adults. Iowa
has a high percentage of non-elderly adults covered by private health insurance and a low
percentage of uninsured children.
One-Year Change in Uninsureds
While in aggregate there was not a change in the percentage of uninsureds in the United States
between 2008 and 2009, several states experienced either a disproportionate increase or decrease
in the number of uninsureds. Table 4 presents the percentage of uninsured in each state in 2008
and 2009, the one year change in the percentage uninsured and the one-year percentage change in
the percentage uninsured.
Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, the District of Columbia, New Mexico, and West Virginia
experienced the largest declines in the percentage uninsured while Alaska, Kansas, Nebraska,
Rhode Island, South Dakota, and Wyoming experienced the largest increases in the percentage of
uninsured (column 4). Arizona, Colorado, the District of Columbia, New Mexico, North Dakota,
and West Virginia each experienced a year-on-year decline of more than 7% (column 5). Kansas,
Nebraska, Rhode Island, South Dakota, and Wyoming each experienced a year-on-year increase
of more than 7% (column 5).
22
Gardiner Harris, “In Hawaii’s Health System, Lessons for Lawmakers ,” The New York Times, October 16, 2009,
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/17/health/policy/17hawaii.html.
Congressional Research Service
8
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Table 2. Number and Percentage of Uninsured, by State, 2009
Uninsured
State
Total Population (in
thousands)a
United States
Number (in thousands)
Percent
301,472
45,522
15.1
Alabama
4,616
637
13.8
Alaska
678
143
21.1
Arizona
6,502
1,127
17.3
Arkansas
2,833
483
17.0
California
36,377
6,559
18.0
Colorado
4,930
778
15.8
Connecticut
3,457
305
8.8
Delaware
869
89
10.2
District of Columbia
589
41
7.0
Florida
18,193
3,795
20.9
Georgia
9,594
1,836
19.1
Hawaii
1,232
86
7.0
Idaho
1,521
264
17.4
Illinois
12,720
1,694
13.3
Indiana
6,316
901
14.3
Iowa
2,957
255
8.6
Kansas
2,757
363
13.2
Kentucky
4,225
613
14.5
Louisiana
4,392
762
17.4
Maine
1,301
137
10.5
Maryland
5,590
621
11.1
Massachusetts
6,496
271
4.2
Michigan
9,835
1,203
12.2
Minnesota
5,197
473
9.1
Mississippi
2,880
514
17.9
Missouri
5,871
774
13.2
Montana
958
174
18.2
Nebraska
1,763
210
11.9
Nevada
2,610
572
21.9
New Hampshire
1,309
134
10.2
New Jersey
8,583
1,084
12.6
New Mexico
1,976
390
19.7
New York
19,264
2,195
11.4
North Carolina
9,149
1,471
16.1
Congressional Research Service
9
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Uninsured
Total Population (in
thousands)a
Number (in thousands)
Percent
630
61
9.7
Ohio
11,352
1,383
12.2
Oklahoma
3,590
672
18.7
Oregon
3,780
643
17.0
Pennsylvania
12,366
1,220
9.9
Rhode Island
1,035
117
11.3
South Carolina
4,454
750
16.8
South Dakota
793
104
13.1
Tennessee
6,188
883
14.3
Texas
24,292
5,783
23.8
Utah
2,755
401
14.6
Vermont
615
53
8.6
Virginia
7,644
908
11.9
Washington
6,546
878
13.4
West Virginia
1,793
254
14.2
Wisconsin
5,566
521
9.4
Wyoming
534
81
15.2
State
North Dakota
Source: CRS analysis of data from 2009 American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau.
a.
All figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an estimate and
there is a confidence interval around the estimate. While the confidence level are not presented, they are
available.
Table 3. Ranking of States, by Percentage Uninsured, 2009
(lowest to highest)
Total Population
(in thousands)
Number Uninsured
(in thousands)
6,496
271
4.2
589
41
7.0
2. Hawaii
1,232
86
7.0
4. Iowa
2,957
255
8.6
4. Vermont
615
53
8.6
4. Connecticut
3,457
305
8.8
7. Minnesota
5,197
473
9.1
8. Wisconsin
5,566
521
9.4
9. North Dakota
630
61
9.7
10. Pennsylvania
12,366
1,220
9.9
11. Delaware
869
89
10.2
Rank/Statea
1. Massachusetts
2. District of Columbia
Congressional Research Service
Percent Uninsured
10
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Total Population
(in thousands)
Number Uninsured
(in thousands)
11. New Hampshire
1,309
134
10.2
13. Maine
1,301
137
10.5
14. Maryland
5,590
621
11.1
15. Rhode Island
1,035
117
11.3
16. New York
19,264
2,195
11.4
17. Nebraska
1,763
210
11.9
17. Virginia
7,644
908
11.9
19. Michigan
9,835
1,203
12.2
19. Ohio
11,352
1,383
12.2
21. New Jersey
8,583
1,084
12.6
22. South Dakota
793
104
13.1
23. Kansas
2,757
363
13.2
23. Missouri
5,871
774
13.2
25. Illinois
12,720
1,694
13.3
26. Washington
6,546
878
13.4
27. Alabama
4,616
637
13.8
28. West Virginia
1,793
254
14.2
29. Indiana
6,316
901
14.3
29. Tennessee
6,188
883
14.3
31. Kentucky
4,225
613
14.5
32. Utah
2,755
401
14.6
301,472
45,522
15.1
33. Wyoming
534
81
15.2
34. Colorado
4,930
778
15.8
35. North Carolina
9,149
1,471
16.1
36. South Carolina
4,454
750
16.8
37. Arkansas
2,833
483
17.0
37. Oregon
3,780
643
17.0
39. Arizona
6,502
1,127
17.3
40. Idaho
1,521
264
17.4
40. Louisiana
4,392
762
17.4
42. Mississippi
2,880
514
17.9
43. California
36,377
6,559
18.0
44. Montana
958
174
18.2
45. Oklahoma
3,590
672
18.7
46. Georgia
9,594
1,836
19.1
Rank/Statea
United States
Congressional Research Service
Percent Uninsured
11
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Total Population
(in thousands)
Number Uninsured
(in thousands)
47. New Mexico
1,976
390
19.7
48. Florida
18,193
3,795
20.9
49. Alaska
678
143
21.1
50. Nevada
2,610
572
21.9
51. Texas
24,292
5,783
23.8
Rank/Statea
Percent Uninsured
Source: CRS analysis of data from 2009 American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau.
a.
All figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an estimate and
there is a confidence interval around the estimate. While the intervals at the 90% confidence level are not
presented, they are available.
Figure 1. Map: The Uninsured by State – 2009
Source: CRS analysis of data from 2009 American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau.
Congressional Research Service
12
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Table 4. One-year Change in Percentage Uninsured, by State, 2008-2009
Statea
2008 Estimate
of Percentage
Uninsured (%)
2009 Estimate
of Percentage
Uninsured (%)
One-year Change
in Percentage
Uninsured
(Percentage
Points)
United States
15.1
15.1
0.0
0.0%
Alabama
14.0
13.8
-0.2
-1.43%
Alaska
20.1
21.1
+1.0
4.98%
Arizona
18.7
17.3
-1.4
-7.49%
Arkansas
18.0
17.0
-1.0
-5.56%
California
17.8
18.0
+0.2
1.12%
Colorado
17.2
15.8
-1.4
-8.14%
Connecticut
9.0
8.8
-0.2
-2.22%
Delaware
10.3
10.2
-0.1
-0.97%
District of
Columbia
8.0
7.0
-1.0
-12.50%
Florida
20.8
20.9
+0.1
0.48%
Georgia
18.8
19.1
+0.3
1.60%
Hawaii
6.7
7.0
+0.3
4.48%
Idaho
17.8
17.4
-0.4
-2.25%
Illinois
12.8
13.3
+0.5
3.91%
Indiana
13.9
14.3
+0.4
2.88%
Iowa
9.1
8.6
-0.5
-5.49%
Kansas
12.2
13.2
+1.0
8.20%
Kentucky
14.1
14.5
+0.4
2.84%
Louisiana
17.8
17.4
-0.4
-2.25%
Maine
10.9
10.5
-0.4
-3.67%
Maryland
11.1
11.1
0.0
0.00%
Massachusetts
4.1
4.2
+0.1
2.44%
Michigan
11.5
12.2
+0.7
6.09%
Minnesota
8.7
9.1
+0.4
4.60%
Mississippi
17.9
17.9
0.0
0.00%
Missouri
13.0
13.2
+0.2
1.54%
Montana
18.5
18.2
-0.3
-1.62%
Nebraska
11.1
11.9
+0.8
7.21%
Nevada
21.3
21.9
+0.6
2.82%
New Hampshire
10.8
10.2
-0.6
-5.56%
New Jersey
12.4
12.6
+0.2
1.61%
New Mexico
21.4
19.7
-1.7
-7.94%
Congressional Research Service
One-year Percentage
Change in Percentage
Uninsured
(Percentage Change)
13
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
2008 Estimate
of Percentage
Uninsured (%)
2009 Estimate
of Percentage
Uninsured (%)
One-year Change
in Percentage
Uninsured
(Percentage
Points)
New York
11.8
11.4
-0.4
-3.39%
North Carolina
15.9
16.1
+0.2
1.26%
North Dakota
10.5
9.7
-0.8
-7.62%
Ohio
11.8
12.2
+0.4
3.39%
Oklahoma
19.5
18.7
-0.8
-4.10%
Oregon
16.4
17.0
+0.6
3.66%
Pennsylvania
9.4
9.9
+0.5
5.32%
Rhode Island
10.5
11.3
+0.8
7.62%
South Carolina
17.4
16.8
-0.6
-3.45%
South Dakota
11.7
13.1
+1.4
11.97%
Tennessee
13.6
14.3
+0.7
5.15%
Texas
24.1
23.8
-0.3
-1.24%
Utah
15.5
14.6
-0.9
-5.81%
Vermont
9.1
8.6
-0.5
-5.49%
Virginia
12.0
11.9
-0.1
-0.83%
Washington
13.1
13.4
+0.3
2.29%
West Virginia
15.8
14.2
-1.6
-10.13%
Wisconsin
9.1
9.4
+0.3
3.30%
Wyoming
13.9
15.2
+1.3
9.35%
Statea
One-year Percentage
Change in Percentage
Uninsured
(Percentage Change)
Source: CRS analysis of data from 2008 and 2009 American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau.
a.
Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The reported year-on-year change are
based solely on the point estimates and therefore should be interpreted with the understanding that these
differences may be within the confidence interval.
The Uninsured: Characteristics by State, 2009
Table 5 presents the percentage uninsured in each state by four age categories: under age 6, under
age 19, age 21 through age 64, and age 65 and above.23 The first two categories depict two
overlapping groups children, the third category generally captures working adults, and the final
category describes the elderly who are generally covered by Medicare.
23
The under age 6 category is relevant as there is mandatory eligibility for Medicaid for these children with family
incomes up to 133% of FPL. The under age 19 category is relevant since there is also mandatory eligibility for
Medicaid for children ages 6 through 18 with family incomes up to 100% of FPL and 133% of FPL beginning January
1, 2014 although states can choose to extend this coverage prior to 2014.
Congressional Research Service
14
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Table 6 rank orders states by the percentage uninsured in each of the age categories, from lowest
to highest. Nationally, 7% of children under age 6 and 9% of children under age 19 were
uninsured. Massachusetts had the lowest proportion of uninsured children, 1.2% under age 6 and
1.5% under age 19, followed by Hawaii, the District of Columbia, and Vermont. Nevada had the
highest proportion of uninsured children, 16.8% under age 6 and 18.4% under age 19, followed
by Alaska, Montana, Texas, and Florida.
Among those adults age 21 through 64, nationally 20.3% were uninsured (see Table 5).
Massachusetts had the lowest proportion of non-elderly adults uninsured with 5.9% followed by
the District of Columbia, Hawaii, Minnesota, and Vermont. Texas, with 30.3%, had the highest
proportion of non-elderly adults uninsured followed by Florida, New Mexico, Nevada, and
Alaska (see Table 6). While no state had more than 1.9% of its elderly population, over age 65,
uninsured, the proportion across the states ranged from 0.1% in Vermont, West Virginia, and Iowa
to 1.9% in Nevada.
Table 7 presents the percentage uninsured in each state by three income categories: under 133%
of FPL , between 133% and 400% of FPL, and above 400% of FPL. Table 8 rank orders the
states by the percentage uninsured in each of the three income categories, from lowest to highest.
Nationally, 27.7% of individual with incomes under 133% of FPL were uninsured, 17.6% of
individuals with incomes between 133% and 400% of FPL were uninsured, and 5.4% of
individuals with incomes over 400% of FPL were uninsured. Massachusetts had the lowest
proportion of individuals with incomes under 133% of FPL, 7.6%, followed by the District of
Columbia, Vermont, and Hawaii. Nevada had the highest proportion of individuals with incomes
under 133% of FPL uninsured, 41.8%, followed by Texas, Florida, Georgia, and Alaska (see
Table 8).
Table 9 presents the percentage uninsured in each state by marital status (single/married). Table
10 rank orders the states by the percentage uninsured by marital status, lowest to highest.
Nationally, 28.2% of those individuals not married (single, separated, divorced, or widowed)
were uninsured whereas 13.6% of those individuals who were married were uninsured.
Massachusetts had the lowest proportion of single adults, age 18 through 64, uninsured with 8.9%
followed by the District of Columbia, Hawaii, Connecticut, and Minnesota. Texas, with 38.4%,
had the highest proportion of single adults, age 18 through 64, uninsured followed by Alaska,
Florida, Nevada, and Oklahoma. Massachusetts had the lowest proportion of married adults, age
18 through 64, uninsured with 2.8% followed by the District of Columbia, Hawaii, Minnesota,
and Vermont. Texas, with 24.3%, had the highest proportion of married adults, age 18 through 64,
uninsured followed by Florida, New Mexico, Nevada, and Oklahoma.
Table 9 also presents the percentage uninsured in each state by employment status (full/part time)
and Table 11 rank orders the states by the percentage uninsured by employment status, lowest to
highest. Nationally, 14.3% of those employed full-time were uninsured while 26.5% of those
employed part-time were uninsured.24 Massachusetts had the lowest proportion of full-time
employed adults, age 18 through 64, uninsured with 4.0% followed by Hawaii, the District of
Columbia, Connecticut, and Minnesota. Texas, with 23.0%, had the highest proportion of full
time employed adults, age 18 through 64, uninsured followed by New Mexico, Florida, Montana,
and Louisiana. Massachusetts had the lowest proportion of part-time employed adults, age 18
24
Individuals did not necessarily obtain their health insurance coverage from their employer and an insured working
part-time may have been covered by another family member working full-time.
Congressional Research Service
15
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
through 64, uninsured with 8.0% followed by the District of Columbia, Hawaii, Minnesota, and
Iowa. Texas, with 41.2%, had the highest proportion of part-time employed adults, age 18 through
64, uninsured followed by Arkansas, Florida, Nevada, and Oklahoma.
Table 5. Percentage Uninsured by Age, by State, 2009
Under Age 6 (%)
Under Age 19
(%)b
Age 21 Through
64 (%)
Age 65 and Over
(%)
United States
7.0
9.0
20.3
0.9
Alabama
4.5
6.2
19.5
0.5
Alaska
13.7
14.6
26.0
0.7
Arizona
10.0
12.7
22.6
1.3
Arkansas
5.1
7.0
24.6
0.5
California
7.0
10.0
24.1
1.8
Colorado
8.2
10.6
20.0
1.0
Connecticut
3.7
4.0
12.3
0.7
Delaware
4.6
5.6
14.2
0.6
District of Columbia
1.7
3.4
9.4
0.7
Florida
12.1
15.3
28.3
1.3
Georgia
9.2
11.6
25.1
1.2
Hawaii
1.4
2.9
10.0
0.8
Idaho
7.2
11.8
23.0
0.7
Illinois
3.4
4.9
18.8
1.3
Indiana
8.3
9.1
18.9
0.4
Iowa
4.1
4.9
11.9
0.1
Kansas
7.4
8.7
17.3
0.5
Kentucky
5.4
6.9
19.9
0.5
Louisiana
4.8
7.2
24.8
0.8
Maine
5.0
5.8
14.6
0.2
Maryland
3.1
5.1
15.3
0.8
Massachusetts
1.2
1.5
5.9
0.2
Michigan
3.7
5.1
15.3
0.8
Minnesota
5.3
6.7
11.4
0.3
Mississippi
8.7
10.9
24.2
0.2
Missouri
5.9
7.3
18.0
0.4
Montana
12.7
13.1
24.1
0.3
Nebraska
5.2
6.6
16.2
0.6
Nevada
16.8
18.4
26.4
1.9
New Hampshire
3.1
4.9
13.9
0.3
New Jersey
4.8
6.7
17.1
1.4
Statea
Congressional Research Service
16
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Under Age 6 (%)
Under Age 19
(%)b
Age 21 Through
64 (%)
Age 65 and Over
(%)
New Mexico
8.3
12.3
26.8
1.3
New York
4.1
4.9
15.9
1.0
North Carolina
5.6
8.7
22.0
0.6
North Dakota
6.2
5.7
13.4
0.4
Ohio
5.2
6.7
16.7
0.4
Oklahoma
10.3
11.7
25.4
0.6
Oregon
8.8
10.9
22.6
0.8
Pennsylvania
5.0
5.6
13.6
0.5
Rhode Island
4.9
5.7
15.5
0.5
South Carolina
9.1
10.5
22.6
0.4
South Dakota
6.8
7.8
18.1
0.4
Tennessee
4.9
6.4
20.3
0.4
Texas
12.5
16.9
30.3
1.8
Utah
9.0
10.6
18.6
0.7
Vermont
2.0
3.5
11.8
0.1
Virginia
5.8
6.9
15.8
0.7
Washington
5.7
7.4
17.8
0.8
West Virginia
4.5
6.0
20.2
0.1
Wisconsin
3.9
5.3
12.4
0.4
Wyoming
8.1
9.3
20.0
0.5
Statea
Source: CRS analysis of data from 2009 American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau.
a.
All figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an estimate and
there is a confidence interval around the estimate. While the intervals at the 90% confidence level are not
presented, they are available.
b.
Under age 19 is includes those under age 6 (i.e., the first two columns are not mutually exclusive). See
footnote 23 for the justification for these age categories.
Congressional Research Service
17
Table 6. Ranking of States by Percentage Uninsured by Age, 2009
Under Age 6 (lowest to highest)
Ranking/Statea
Percent (%)
Under Age 19 (lowest to highest)b
Ranking/State
Percent (%)
Age 21 Through 64 (lowest to
highest)
Ranking/State
Percent (%)
Age 65 and Over (lowest to highest)
Ranking/State
Percent (%)
1. Massachusetts
1.2
1. Massachusetts
1.5
1. Massachusetts
5.9
1. Iowa
0.1
2. Hawaii
1.4
2. Hawaii
2.9
2. District of Columbia
9.4
1. Vermont
0.1
3. District of Columbia
1.7
3. District of Columbia
3.4
3. Hawaii
10.0
1. West Virginia
0.1
4. Vermont
2.0
4. Vermont
3.5
4. Minnesota
11.4
4. Maine
0.2
5. Maryland
3.1
5. Connecticut
4.0
5. Vermont
11.8
4. Massachusetts
0.2
5. New Hampshire
3.1
6. Illinois
4.9
6. Iowa
11.9
4. Mississippi
0.2
7. Illinois
3.4
6. Iowa
4.9
7. Connecticut
12.3
7. Minnesota
0.3
8. Connecticut
3.7
6. New Hampshire
4.9
8. Wisconsin
12.4
7. Montana
0.3
8. Michigan
3.7
6. New York
4.9
9. North Dakota
13.4
7. New Hampshire
0.3
10. Wisconsin
3.9
10. Maryland
5.1
10. Pennsylvania
13.6
10. Indiana
0.4
11. Iowa
4.1
10. Michigan
5.1
11. New Hampshire
13.9
10. Missouri
0.4
11. New York
4.1
12. Wisconsin
5.3
12. Delaware
14.2
10. North Dakota
0.4
13. Alabama
4.5
13. Delaware
5.6
13. Maine
14.6
10. Ohio
0.4
13. West Virginia
4.5
13. Pennsylvania
5.6
14. Maryland
15.3
10. South Carolina
0.4
15. Delaware
4.6
15. North Dakota
5.7
14. Michigan
15.3
10. South Dakota
0.4
16. Louisiana
4.8
15. Rhode Island
5.7
16. Rhode Island
15.5
10. Tennessee
0.4
16. New Jersey
4.8
17. Maine
5.8
17. Virginia
15.8
10. Wisconsin
0.4
18. Rhode Island
4.9
18. West Virginia
6.0
18. New York
15.9
18. Alabama
0.5
18. Tennessee
4.9
19. Alabama
6.2
19. Nebraska
16.2
18. Arkansas
0.5
20. Maine
5.0
20. Tennessee
6.4
20. Ohio
16.7
18. Kansas
0.5
20. Pennsylvania
5.0
21. Nebraska
6.6
21. New Jersey
17.1
18. Kentucky
0.5
22. Arkansas
5.1
22. Minnesota
6.7
22. Kansas
17.3
18. Pennsylvania
0.5
23. Nebraska
5.2
22. New Jersey
6.7
23. Washington
17.8
18. Rhode Island
0.5
CRS-18
Under Age 6 (lowest to highest)
Ranking/Statea
Percent (%)
Under Age 19 (lowest to highest)b
Ranking/State
Percent (%)
Age 21 Through 64 (lowest to
highest)
Ranking/State
Percent (%)
Age 65 and Over (lowest to highest)
Ranking/State
Percent (%)
23. Ohio
5.2
22. Ohio
6.7
24. Missouri
18.0
18. Wyoming
0.5
25. Minnesota
5.3
25. Kentucky
6.9
25. South Dakota
18.1
25. Delaware
0.6
26. Kentucky
5.4
25. Virginia
6.9
26. Utah
18.6
25. Nebraska
0.6
27. North Carolina
5.6
27. Arkansas
7.0
27. Illinois
18.8
25. North Carolina
0.6
28. Washington
5.7
28. Louisiana
7.2
28. Indiana
18.9
25. Oklahoma
0.6
29. Virginia
5.8
29. Missouri
7.3
29. Alabama
19.5
29. Alaska
0.7
30. Missouri
5.9
30. Washington
7.4
30. Kentucky
19.9
29. Connecticut
0.7
31. North Dakota
6.2
31. South Dakota
7.8
31. Colorado
20.0
29. District of Columbia
0.7
32. South Dakota
6.8
32. Kansas
8.7
31. Wyoming
20.0
29. Idaho
0.7
33. California
7.0
32. North Carolina
8.7
33. West Virginia
20.2
29. Utah
0.7
United States
7.0
United States
9.0
34. Tennessee
20.3
29. Virginia
0.7
34. Idaho
7.2
34. Indiana
9.1
United States
20.3
35. Hawaii
0.8
35. Kansas
7.4
35. Wyoming
9.3
35. North Carolina
22.0
35. Louisiana
0.8
36. Wyoming
8.1
36. California
10.0
36. Arizona
22.6
35. Maryland
0.8
37. Colorado
8.2
37. South Carolina
10.5
36. Oregon
22.6
35. Michigan
0.8
38. Indiana
8.3
38. Colorado
10.6
36. South Carolina
22.6
35. Oregon
0.8
38. New Mexico
8.3
38. Utah
10.6
39. Idaho
23.0
35. Washington
0.8
40. Mississippi
8.7
40. Mississippi
10.9
40. California
24.1
United States
0.9
41. Oregon
8.8
40. Oregon
10.9
40. Montana
24.1
41. Colorado
1.0
42. Utah
9.0
42. Georgia
11.6
42. Mississippi
24.2
41. New York
1.0
43. South Carolina
9.1
43. Oklahoma
11.7
43. Arkansas
24.6
43. Georgia
1.2
44. Georgia
9.2
44. Idaho
11.8
44. Louisiana
24.8
44. Arizona
1.3
45. Arizona
10.0
45. New Mexico
12.3
45. Georgia
25.1
44. Florida
1.3
46. Oklahoma
10.3
46. Arizona
12.7
46. Oklahoma
25.4
44. Illinois
1.3
47. Florida
12.1
47. Montana
13.1
47. Alaska
26.0
44. New Mexico
1.3
CRS-19
Under Age 6 (lowest to highest)
Ranking/Statea
Percent (%)
Under Age 19 (lowest to highest)b
Ranking/State
Percent (%)
Age 21 Through 64 (lowest to
highest)
Ranking/State
Percent (%)
Age 65 and Over (lowest to highest)
Ranking/State
Percent (%)
48. Texas
12.5
48. Alaska
14.6
48. Nevada
26.4
48. New Jersey
1.4
49. Montana
12.7
49. Florida
15.3
49. New Mexico
26.8
49. California
1.8
50. Alaska
13.7
50. Texas
16.9
50. Florida
28.3
49. Texas
1.8
51. Nevada
16.8
51. Nevada
18.4
51. Texas
30.3
51. Nevada
1.9
Source: CRS analysis of data from 2009 American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau.
a.
All rankings are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. While the rankings are based on the point estimates, there is a confidence interval around each
estimate and therefore the rankings should be interpreted as indicative. Although the intervals at the 90% confidence level are not presented, they are available.
Columns sorted initially by percent uninsured and then alphabetically. Ties are not indicated.
b.
Under age 19 is includes those under age 6 (i.e., the first two columns are not mutually exclusive). See footnote 23 for the justification for these age categories.
CRS-20
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Table 7. Percentage Uninsured, by Income by State, 2009
Statea
Under 133% of the FPL
Between 133% - 400%
of the FPL
Greater than 400% of
the FPL
United States
27.7
17.6
5.4
Alabama
26.3
13.5
3.9
Alaska
33.9
27.4
11.7
Arizona
28.0
19.2
7.2
Arkansas
28.1
17.0
5.9
California
29.8
22.7
6.7
Colorado
33.6
18.8
5.2
Connecticut
18.8
13.0
3.7
Delaware
17.1
13.5
4.7
District of Columbia
8.3
11.0
4.0
Florida
35.0
23.4
7.6
Georgia
34.8
20.8
6.1
Hawaii
15.1
7.7
3.3
Idaho
30.5
18.0
5.8
Illinois
25.5
15.8
5.2
Indiana
27.9
15.3
4.4
Iowa
19.2
9.4
2.6
Kansas
28.0
14.2
3.8
Kentucky
26.5
14.8
3.7
Louisiana
28.0
19.0
7.1
Maine
15.2
12.9
4.8
Maryland
24.4
15.6
4.8
Massachusetts
7.6
6.2
1.9
Michigan
22.1
13.2
4.4
Minnesota
18.1
11.4
3.5
Mississippi
27.4
17.6
6.6
Missouri
25.6
14.0
4.4
Montana
29.5
20.2
7.5
Nebraska
25.6
12.9
3.3
Nevada
41.8
24.3
7.8
New Hampshire
23.0
13.2
4.5
New Jersey
25.7
18.4
5.4
New Mexico
31.1
21.3
7.3
New York
17.5
15.0
5.4
North Carolina
29.8
17.4
4.7
Congressional Research Service
21
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Statea
Under 133% of the FPL
Between 133% - 400%
of the FPL
Greater than 400% of
the FPL
North Dakota
22.0
10.5
3.4
Ohio
23.4
13.1
4.1
Oklahoma
31.7
19.7
7.0
Oregon
31.8
18.9
5.9
Pennsylvania
18.6
11.7
3.9
Rhode Island
19.7
14.3
5.5
South Carolina
28.7
18.2
5.6
South Dakota
27.3
13.4
3.6
Tennessee
24.8
14.9
4.8
Texas
39.7
26.8
7.9
Utah
30.1
15.0
5.6
Vermont
12.2
11.2
4.6
Virginia
26.5
15.6
3.9
Washington
25.7
16.8
4.9
West Virginia
23.5
14.1
5.5
Wisconsin
19.8
10.1
3.4
Wyoming
29.1
17.8
7.0
Source: CRS analysis of data from 2009 American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau.
a.
All figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population – all ages. Each value in the table is an estimate
and there is a confidence interval around the estimate. While the intervals at the 90% confidence level are
not presented, they are available.
Congressional Research Service
22
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Table 8. Ranking of States by Percentage Uninsured by Income, 2009
(lowest to highest)
Under 133% of the FPLa
Ranking/State
Percent
(%)
Between 133% - 400% of the
FPL
Ranking/State
Percent
(%)
Greater than 400% of the FPL
Ranking/State
Percent
(%)
1. Massachusetts
7.6
1. Massachusetts
6.2
1. Massachusetts
1.9
2. District of Columbia
8.3
2. Hawaii
7.7
2. Iowa
2.6
3. Vermont
12.2
3. Iowa
9.4
3. Hawaii
3.3
4. Hawaii
15.1
4. Wisconsin
10.1
3. Nebraska
3.3
5. Maine
15.2
5. North Dakota
10.5
5. North Dakota
3.4
6. Delaware
17.1
6. District of
Columbia
11.0
5. Wisconsin
3.4
7. New York
17.5
7. Vermont
11.2
7. Minnesota
3.5
8. Minnesota
18.1
8. Minnesota
11.4
8. South Dakota
3.6
9. Pennsylvania
18.6
9. Pennsylvania
11.7
9. Connecticut
3.7
10. Connecticut
18.8
10. Maine
12.9
9. Kentucky
3.7
11. Iowa
19.2
10. Nebraska
12.9
11. Kansas
3.8
12. Rhode Island
19.7
12. Connecticut
13.0
12. Alabama
3.9
13. Wisconsin
19.8
13. Ohio
13.1
12. Pennsylvania
3.9
14. North Dakota
22.0
14. Michigan
13.2
12. Virginia
3.9
15. Michigan
22.1
14. New Hampshire
13.2
15. District of Columbia
4.0
16. New Hampshire
23.0
16. South Dakota
13.4
16. Ohio
4.1
17. Ohio
23.4
17. Alabama
13.5
17. Indiana
4.4
18. West Virginia
23.5
17. Delaware
13.5
17. Michigan
4.4
19. Maryland
24.4
19. Missouri
14.0
17. Missouri
4.4
20. Tennessee
24.8
20. West Virginia
14.1
20. New Hampshire
4.5
21. Illinois
25.5
21. Kansas
14.2
21. Vermont
4.6
22. Missouri
25.6
22. Rhode Island
14.3
22. Delaware
4.7
22. Nebraska
25.6
23. Kentucky
14.8
22. North Carolina
4.7
24. New Jersey
25.7
24. Tennessee
14.9
24. Maine
4.8
24. Washington
25.7
25. New York
15.0
24. Maryland
4.8
26. Alabama
26.3
25. Utah
15.0
24. Tennessee
4.8
27. Kentucky
26.5
27. Indiana
15.3
27. Washington
4.9
27. Virginia
26.5
28. Maryland
15.6
28. Colorado
5.2
29. South Dakota
27.3
28. Virginia
15.6
28. Illinois
5.2
30. Mississippi
27.4
30. Illinois
15.8
30. New Jersey
5.4
United States
27.7
31. Washington
16.8
30. New York
5.4
31. Indiana
27.9
32. Arkansas
17.0
United States
5.4
Congressional Research Service
23
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Under 133% of the FPLa
Ranking/State
Percent
(%)
Between 133% - 400% of the
FPL
Ranking/State
Percent
(%)
Greater than 400% of the FPL
Ranking/State
Percent
(%)
32. Arizona
28.0
33. North Carolina
17.4
32. Rhode Island
5.5
32. Kansas
28.0
34. Mississippi
17.6
32. West Virginia
5.5
32. Louisiana
28.0
United States
17.6
34. South Carolina
5.6
35. Arkansas
28.1
35. Wyoming
17.8
34. Utah
5.6
36. South Carolina
28.7
36. Idaho
18.0
36. Idaho
5.8
37. Wyoming
29.1
37. South Carolina
18.2
37. Arkansas
5.9
38. Montana
29.5
38. New Jersey
18.4
37. Oregon
5.9
39. California
29.8
39. Colorado
18.8
39. Georgia
6.1
39. North Carolina
29.8
40. Oregon
18.9
40. Mississippi
6.6
41. Utah
30.1
41. Louisiana
19.0
41. California
6.7
42. Idaho
30.5
42. Arizona
19.2
42. Oklahoma
7.0
43. New Mexico
31.1
43. Oklahoma
19.7
42. Wyoming
7.0
44. Oklahoma
31.7
44. Montana
20.2
44. Louisiana
7.1
45. Oregon
31.8
45. Georgia
20.8
45. Arizona
7.2
46. Colorado
33.6
46. New Mexico
21.3
46. New Mexico
7.3
47. Alaska
33.9
47. California
22.7
47. Montana
7.5
48. Georgia
34.8
48. Florida
23.4
48. Florida
7.6
49. Florida
35.0
49. Nevada
24.3
49. Nevada
7.8
50. Texas
39.7
50. Texas
26.8
50. Texas
7.9
51. Nevada
41.8
51. Alaska
27.4
51. Alaska
11.7
Source: CRS analysis of data from 2009 American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau.
a.
Rankings are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. While rankings are based on the point
estimates, there is a confidence interval around each estimate and therefore the rankings should be
interpreted as indicative. Although the intervals at the 90% confidence level are not presented, they are
available. Columns sorted initially by percent uninsured and then alphabetically.
Table 9. Percentage Uninsured by Marital and Employment Status by State, 2009
Single
Married
Employed Full
Timeb
Employed Part
Time
United States
28.2
13.6
14.3
26.5
Alabama
28.5
11.9
12.3
27.1
Alaska
38.3
15.1
18.0
33.4
Arizona
29.5
16.8
17.3
29.0
Arkansas
34.6
17.5
17.1
36.2
California
30.8
18.0
17.3
30.3
Colorado
28.6
13.4
14.1
26.8
Statea
Congressional Research Service
24
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Single
Married
Employed Full
Timeb
Employed Part
Time
Connecticut
18.6
6.8
7.8
16.9
Delaware
19.8
8.7
10.4
19.7
District of Columbia
10.8
4.6
6.8
11.5
Florida
37.0
20.1
21.6
36.1
Georgia
34.4
17.0
17.2
33.3
Hawaii
15.3
5.7
5.4
14.7
Idaho
33.6
16.8
15.8
32.8
Illinois
27.2
11.4
12.5
23.0
Indiana
28.2
11.7
12.1
25.1
Iowa
19.9
6.3
8.4
16.0
Kansas
26.4
10.8
12.3
24.9
Kentucky
29.5
13.3
12.8
28.1
Louisiana
34.5
15.1
19.0
32.0
Maine
21.7
8.4
11.2
21.0
Maryland
22.0
9.0
9.8
21.6
Massachusetts
8.9
2.8
4.0
8.0
Michigan
25.8
9.8
11.0
22.2
Minnesota
18.8
6.0
8.2
15.9
Mississippi
33.3
15.9
16.6
34.2
Missouri
26.8
10.9
12.2
24.2
Montana
33.7
15.4
19.2
28.5
Nebraska
25.8
9.4
17.4
21.9
Nevada
36.1
19.0
17.4
35.8
New Hampshire
21.7
7.9
8.9
20.9
New Jersey
25.4
10.3
12.2
21.5
New Mexico
34.6
19.8
21.8
32.1
New York
21.2
10.2
12.1
20.6
North Carolina
31.1
14.5
15.0
30.7
North Dakota
21.9
6.6
9.3
17.8
Ohio
25.6
8.7
10.3
21.8
Oklahoma
35.2
18.0
18.7
35.3
Oregon
32.1
14.5
14.7
29.0
Pennsylvania
20.6
7.4
8.8
18.4
Rhode Island
22.3
8.5
10.8
17.7
South Carolina
32.2
14.2
15.0
30.7
South Dakota
27.3
10.7
13.2
24.5
Tennessee
29.3
12.5
13.3
26.3
Texas
38.4
24.3
23.0
41.2
Statea
Congressional Research Service
25
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Single
Married
Employed Full
Timeb
Employed Part
Time
Utah
26.9
13.5
13.4
23.7
Vermont
19.2
6.0
9.9
17.0
Virginia
23.2
9.7
10.6
23.0
Washington
26.3
11.2
11.2
24.8
West Virginia
30.5
12.8
15.5
29.3
Wisconsin
21.0
6.1
8.5
16.0
Wyoming
30.0
13.7
14.1
30.4
Statea
Source: CRS analysis of data from 2009 American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau.
a.
All figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an estimate and
there is a confidence interval around the estimate. While the intervals at the 90% confidence level are not
presented, they are available.
b.
Full time is defined as working 30 or more hours a week for 50 or more weeks and part-time is defined as
working fewer than 30 hours a week or less than 50 weeks per year.
Table 10. Ranking of States by Percentage Uninsured by Marital Status, 2009
(lowest to highest)
Single
Rank
State
Married
Percent
Uninsured (%)
Rank
State
Percent
Uninsured (%)
1.
Massachusetts
8.9
1.
Massachusetts
2.8
2.
District of Columbia
10.8
2.
District of Columbia
4.6
3.
Hawaii
15.3
3.
Hawaii
5.7
4.
Connecticut
18.6
4.
Minnesota
6.0
5.
Minnesota
18.8
4
Vermont
6.0
6.
Vermont
19.2
6.
Wisconsin
6.1
7.
Delaware
19.8
7.
Iowa
6.3
8.
Iowa
19.9
8.
North Dakota
6.6
9.
Pennsylvania
20.6
9.
Connecticut
6.8
10
Wisconsin
21.0
10
Pennsylvania
7.4
11.
New York
21.2
11.
New Hampshire
7.9
12.
Maine
21.7
12.
Maine
8.4
12.
New Hampshire
21.7
13.
Rhode Island
8.5
14.
North Dakota
21.9
14.
Delaware
8.7
15.
Maryland
22.0
14.
Ohio
8.7
16.
Rhode Island
22.3
16.
Maryland
9.0
17.
Virginia
23.2
17.
Nebraska
9.4
18.
New Jersey
25.4
18.
Virginia
9.7
19.
Ohio
25.6
19.
Michigan
9.8
Congressional Research Service
26
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Single
Rank
State
Married
Percent
Uninsured (%)
Rank
State
Percent
Uninsured (%)
20.
Michigan
25.8
20
New York
10.2
20.
Nebraska
25.8
21.
New Jersey
10.3
22.
Washington
26.3
22.
South Dakota
10.7
23.
Kansas
26.4
23.
Kansas
10.8
24.
Missouri
26.8
24.
Missouri
10.9
25.
Utah
26.9
25.
Washington
11.2
26.
Illinois
27.2
26.
Illinois
11.4
27.
South Dakota
27.3
27.
Indiana
11.7
United States
28.2
28.
Alabama
11.9
28.
Indiana
28.2
29.
Tennessee
12.5
29
Alabama
28.5
30.
West Virginia
12.8
30.
Colorado
28.6
31.
Kentucky
13.3
31.
Tennessee
29.3
32.
Colorado
13.4
32.
Arizona
29.5
33.
Utah
13.5
32.
Kentucky
29.5
United States
13.6
34.
Wyoming
30.0
34.
Wyoming
13.7
35.
West Virginia
30.5
35.
South Carolina
14.2
36.
California
30.8
36.
North Carolina
14.5
37.
North Carolina
31.1
36.
Oregon
14.5
38.
Oregon
32.1
38.
Louisiana
15.1
39
South Carolina
32.2
38
Alaska
15.1
40.
Mississippi
33.3
40.
Montana
15.4
41.
Idaho
33.6
41.
Mississippi
15.9
42.
Montana
33.7
42.
Arizona
16.8
43.
Georgia
34.4
42.
Idaho
16.8
44.
Louisiana
34.5
44.
Georgia
17.0
45.
Arkansas
34.6
45.
Arkansas
17.5
45.
New Mexico
34.6
46.
California
18.0
47.
Oklahoma
35.2
46.
Oklahoma
18.0
48.
Nevada
36.1
48.
Nevada
19.0
49
Florida
37.0
49
New Mexico
19.8
50.
Alaska
38.3
50.
Florida
20.1
51.
Texas
38.4
51.
Texas
24.3
Source: CRS analysis of data from 2009 American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau.
Congressional Research Service
27
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Notes: Rankings are for the civilian non-institutionalized population age 18-64. While rankings are based on the
point estimates, there is a confidence interval around each estimate and therefore the rankings should be
interpreted as indicative. Although the intervals at the 90% confidence level are not presented, they are available.
Columns sorted initially by percent uninsured and then alphabetically.
Table 11. Ranking of States by Percentage Uninsured by Employment Status, 2009
(lowest to highest)
Employed Full Time
Rank
State
Employed Part Time
Percent
Uninsured
(%)
Rank
State
Percent
Uninsured (%)
1.
Massachusetts
4.0
1.
Massachusetts
8.0
2.
Hawaii
5.4
2.
District of Columbia
11.5
3.
District of Columbia
6.8
3.
Hawaii
14.7
4.
Connecticut
7.8
4.
Minnesota
15.9
5.
Minnesota
8.2
5.
Iowa
16.0
6.
Iowa
8.4
5.
Wisconsin
16.0
7.
Wisconsin
8.5
7.
Connecticut
16.9
8.
Pennsylvania
8.8
8.
Vermont
17.0
9.
New Hampshire
8.9
9.
Rhode Island
17.7
10
North Dakota
9.3
10
North Dakota
17.8
11.
Maryland
9.8
11.
Pennsylvania
18.4
12.
Vermont
9.9
12.
Delaware
19.7
13.
Ohio
10.3
13.
New York
20.6
14.
Delaware
10.4
14.
New Hampshire
20.9
15.
Virginia
10.6
15.
Maine
21.0
16.
Rhode Island
10.8
16.
New Jersey
21.5
17.
Michigan
11.0
17.
Maryland
21.6
18.
Maine
11.2
18.
Ohio
21.8
18.
Washington
11.2
19.
Nebraska
21.9
20
Indiana
12.1
20
Michigan
22.2
20.
New York
12.1
21.
Illinois
23.0
22.
Missouri
12.2
21.
Virginia
23.0
22.
New Jersey
12.2
23.
Utah
23.7
24.
Alabama
12.3
24.
Missouri
24.2
24.
Kansas
12.3
25.
South Dakota
24.5
26.
Illinois
12.5
26.
Washington
24.8
27.
Kentucky
12.8
27.
Kansas
24.9
28.
South Dakota
13.2
28.
Indiana
25.1
29.
Tennessee
13.3
29.
Tennessee
26.3
Congressional Research Service
28
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Employed Full Time
Rank
State
Employed Part Time
Percent
Uninsured
(%)
30.
Utah
13.4
31.
Colorado
14.1
31.
Wyoming
Rank
State
Percent
Uninsured (%)
United States
26.5
30.
Colorado
26.8
14.1
31.
Alabama
27.1
United States
14.3
32.
Kentucky
28.1
33.
Oregon
14.7
33.
Montana
28.5
34.
North Carolina
15.0
34.
Arizona
29.0
34.
South Carolina
15.0
34.
Oregon
29.0
36.
West Virginia
15.5
36.
West Virginia
29.3
37.
Idaho
15.8
37.
California
30.3
38.
Mississippi
16.6
38.
Wyoming
30.4
39
Arkansas
17.1
39
North Carolina
30.7
40.
Georgia
17.2
39.
South Carolina
30.7
41.
Arizona
17.3
41.
Louisiana
32.0
41.
California
17.3
42.
New Mexico
32.1
43.
Nebraska
17.4
43.
Idaho
32.8
43.
Nevada
17.4
44.
Georgia
33.3
45.
Alaska
18.0
45.
Alaska
33.4
46.
Oklahoma
18.7
46.
Mississippi
34.2
47.
Louisiana
19.0
47.
Oklahoma
35.3
48.
Montana
19.2
48.
Nevada
35.8
49
Florida
21.6
49
Florida
36.1
50.
New Mexico
21.8
50.
Arkansas
36.2
51.
Texas
23.0
51.
Texas
41.2
Source: CRS analysis of data from 2009 American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau.
Notes: Rankings are for the civilian non-institutionalized population age 18-64. While rankings are based on the
point estimates, there is a confidence interval around each estimate and therefore the rankings should be
interpreted as indicative. Although the intervals at the 90% confidence level are not presented, they are available.
Columns sorted initially by percent uninsured and then alphabetically.
The Uninsured: Characteristics by Congressional
District (111th Congress)
Of the 435 congressional districts, 245 had fewer uninsureds in 2009, as a proportion of their
population, than the national average of 15.1% and more than 80 congressional districts had
fewer then 10% of their populations uninsured in 2009. Of the 10 congressional districts with the
lowest proportion of uninsureds, nine were in Massachusetts. The 4th congressional district in
Congressional Research Service
29
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Massachusetts, an area west and south of Boston, had the lowest proportion of uninsureds in the
country with just 3.2% of its population uninsured. The fifth congressional district in Wisconsin,
north and west of Milwaukee, was the only non-Massachusetts district among the ten districts
with the lowest proportion of uninsureds.
There were 12 congressional districts in 2009 where more than 30% of their populations were
uninsured: six in Texas (32, 18, 28, 30, 9, and 29), three in California (47, 34, and 31), two in
Florida (23 and 17) and one in Arizona (4). California’s 31st congressional district, covering parts
of Los Angeles, had the highest proportion of uninsureds of any congressional district with 38.5%
uninsured.
In the appendix that follows, two tables are presented for each state and the District of Columbia.
The first table presents the proportion uninsured in 2009 by gender, age, income, and marital and
employment status. The second table presents the proportion of uninsured, estimated by the
Census Bureau, for each congressional district in 2009. Both sets of estimates were generated by
the Census Bureau based on the 2009 American Community Survey.
Congressional Research Service
30
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Appendix. State and Congressional District
Data Tables
Alabama
Table A-1. Alabama: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009
Total Populationa
(in thousands)
Total Population
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
4,616
637
13.8
-
Male
2,400
301
12.5
-
Female
2,216
336
15.2
-
Under Age 6
373
17
4.5
-
Under Age 19
1,194
74
6.2
-
Under Age 26
1,640
216
13.2
-
Age 19 through 21
206
64
31.0
x
Age 21 through 64
2,660
518
19.5
-
Age 65 and over
624
3
0.5
-
Poverty Status
4,570
≤133% FPL
1,140
300
26.3
-
>133 to <400% FPL
2,067
279
13.5
-
≥400% + FPL
1,363
53
3.9
-
Total Population
Age 18-64
2,868
Singlec
1,360
388
28.5
x
Married
1,508
179
11.9
-
Employed Full Timed
1,448
178
12.3
-
Employed Part Timee
431
117
27.1
x
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate with an associated confidence interval around it. While the confidence intervals are not presented,
they are available.
b.
Above (below) the national level means that subgroup at the state level, has, with a 90% confidence level, a
statistically significant higher (lower) likelihood of being uninsured than the same subgroup at the national
level. If a subgroup is at the national level, there is no statistical difference between the proportion of
individuals uninsured in the subgroup at the state level as compared to the subgroup at the national level.
c.
Never married, separated, divorced, or widowed.
d.
Working 30 or more hours for 50 or more weeks a year.
e.
Working fewer than 30 hours a week for fewer than 50 weeks a year.
Congressional Research Service
31
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Table A-2. Alabama: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance,
by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009
Congressional District
Alabama
Total Population
(in thousands)a
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
4,616
637
13.8
Congressional District 1
684
107
15.6
+
Congressional District 2
661
91
13.7
-
Congressional District 3
661
97
14.6
-
Congressional District 4
652
100
15.4
+
Congressional District 5
703
90
12.8
-
Congressional District 6
735
68
9.2
-
Congressional District 7
612
97
15.9
+
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey (ACS).
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate and there is a confidence interval around the estimate. While the intervals at the 90% confidence
level are not presented, they are available.
b.
No statistical test of this difference was performed.
Congressional Research Service
32
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Alaska
Table A-3. Alaska: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009
Total Populationa
(in thousands)
Total Population
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
678
143
21.1
+
Male
334
63
19.0
+
Female
344
80
23.1
+
Under Age 6
64
9
13.7
+
Under Age 19
198
29
14.6
+
Under Age 26
273
58
21.2
+
Age 19 through 21
34
12
36.5
+
Age 21 through 64
406
105
26.0
+
Age 65 and over
51
0.4
0.7
x
Poverty Status
669
≤133% FPL
91
31
33.9
+
>133 to <400% FPL
276
76
27.4
+
≥400% + FPL
303
35
11.7
+
Total Population
Age 18-64
444
Singlec
219
84
38.3
+
Married
225
34
15.1
x
Employed Full Timed
212
38
18.0
+
Employed Part Timee
105
35
33.4
+
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate with an associated confidence interval around it. While the confidence intervals are not presented,
they are available.
b.
Above (below) the national level means that subgroup at the state level, has, with a 90% confidence level, a
statistically significantly higher (lower) likelihood of being uninsured than the same subgroup at the national
level. If a subgroup is at the national level, there is no statistical difference between the proportion of
individuals uninsured in the subgroup at the state level as compared to the subgroup at the national level.
c.
Never married, separated, divorced, or widowed.
d.
Working 30 or more hours for 50 or more weeks a year.
e.
Working fewer than 30 hours a week for fewer than 50 weeks a year.
Congressional Research Service
33
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Table A-4. Alaska: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance,
by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009
Congressional
District
Total Population
(in thousands)a
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Alaska
678
143
21.1
At Large Alaska
678
143
21.1
Above (+), At (x),
or Below (-)
National
Averageb
+
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate and there is a confidence interval around the estimate. While the intervals at the 90% confidence
level are not presented, they are available.
b.
No statistical test of this difference was performed.
Congressional Research Service
34
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Arizona
Table A-5. Arizona: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009
Total Populationa
(in thousands)
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
6,502
1,127
17.3
+
Male
3,269
497
15.2
+
Female
3,233
629
19.5
+
Under Age 6
616
62
10.0
+
Under Age 19
1,821
232
12.7
+
Under Age 26
2,428
437
18.0
+
Age 19 through 21
260
88
33.9
+
Age 21 through 64
3,653
827
22.6
+
Age 65 and over
854
11
1.3
+
Total Population
Poverty Status
6,459
≤133% FPL
1,519
425
28.0
x
>133 to <400% FPL
2,853
547
19.2
+
≥400% + FPL
2,087
150
7.2
+
Total Population
Age 18-64
3,918
Singlec
1,964
579
29.5
+
Married
1,953
329
16.8
+
Employed Full Timed
2,006
348
17.3
+
Employed Part Timee
651
189
29.0
+
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate with an associated confidence interval around it. While the confidence intervals are not presented,
they are available.
b.
Above (below) the national level means that subgroup at the state level, has, with a 90% confidence level, a
statistically significantly higher (lower) likelihood of being uninsured than the same subgroup at the national
level. If a subgroup is at the national level, there is no statistical difference between the proportion of
individuals uninsured in the subgroup at the state level as compared to the subgroup at the national level.
c.
Never married, separated, divorced, or widowed.
d.
Working 30 or more hours for 50 or more weeks a year.
e.
Working fewer than 30 hours a week for fewer than 50 weeks a year.
Congressional Research Service
35
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Table A-6. Arizona: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance,
by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009
Congressional
District
Arizona
Total Population
(in thousands)a
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
6,502
1,127
17.3
Congressional District 1
758
130
17.1
+
Congressional District 2
957
144
15.0
-
Congressional District 3
758
121
16.0
+
Congressional District 4
761
234
30.7
+
Congressional District 5
726
107
14.7
-
Congressional District 6
974
137
14.1
-
Congressional District 7
892
187
20.9
+
Congressional District 8
768
84
10.9
-
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate and there is a confidence interval around the estimate. While the intervals at the 90% confidence
level are not presented, they are available.
b.
No statistical test of this difference was performed.
Congressional Research Service
36
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Arkansas
Table A-7. Arkansas: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009
Total Populationa
(in thousands)
Total Population
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
2,833
483
17.0
+
Male
1,457
233
16.0
+
Female
1,376
250
18.1
+
Under Age 6
242
12
5.1
-
Under Age 19
750
53
7.0
-
Under Age 26
1,017
158
15.5
x
Age 19 through 21
121
46
38.4
+
Age 21 through 64
1,611
396
24.6
+
Age 65 and over
392
2
0.5
-
Poverty Status
2,798
≤133% FPL
758
213
28.1
x
1,308
222
17.0
x
≥400% + FPL
732
43
5.9
x
Total Population
Age 18-64
1,735
>133 to <400% FPL
Singlec
776
269
34.6
+
Married
959
168
17.5
+
Employed Full Timed
901
154
17.1
+
Employed Part Timee
276
100
36.2
+
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate with an associated confidence interval around it. While the confidence intervals are not presented,
they are available.
b.
Above (below) the national level means that subgroup at the state level, has, with a 90% confidence level, a
statistically significantly higher (lower) likelihood of being uninsured than the same subgroup at the national
level. If a subgroup is at the national level, there is no statistical difference between the proportion of
individuals uninsured in the subgroup at the state level as compared to the subgroup at the national level.
c.
Never married, separated, divorced, or widowed.
d.
Working 30 or more hours for 50 or more weeks a year.
e.
Working fewer than 30 hours a week for fewer than 50 weeks a year.
Congressional Research Service
37
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Table A-8. Arkansas: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance,
by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009
Congressional District
Arkansas
Total Population
(in thousands)a
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
2,833
483
17.0
Congressional District 1
679
115
16.9
+
Congressional District 2
737
108
14.7
-
Congressional District 3
819
150
18.3
+
Congressional District 4
655
120
18.3
+
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate and there is a confidence interval around the estimate. While the intervals at the 90% confidence
level are not presented, they are available.
b.
No statistical test of this difference was performed.
Congressional Research Service
38
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
California
Table A-9.California: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009
Total
Populationa (in
thousands)
Total Population
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below
(-) National
Averageb
36,377
6,559
18.0
+
Male
18,305
2,914
15.9
+
Female
18,072
3,645
20.2
+
Under Age 6
3,246
228
7.0
x
Under Age 19
9,985
997
10.0
+
Under Age 26
13,603
2,311
17.0
+
Age 19 through 21
1,591
544
34.2
+
Age 21 through 64
21,300
5,137
24.1
+
Age 65 and over
4,024
73
1.8
+
Poverty Status
36,089
≤133% FPL
7,542
2,249
29.8
+
>133 to <400% FPL
14,788
3,360
22.7
+
≥400% + FPL
13,759
924
6.7
+
Total Population Age 18-64
22,930
Singlec
11,435
3,523
30.8
+
Married
11,495
2,073
18.0
+
Employed Full Timed
11,503
1,992
17.3
+
Employed Part Timee
4,249
1,286
30.3
+
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate with an associated confidence interval around it. While the confidence intervals are not presented,
they are available.
b.
Above (below) the national level means that subgroup at the state level, has, with a 90% confidence level, a
statistically significantly higher (lower) likelihood of being uninsured than the same subgroup at the national
level. If a subgroup is at the national level, there is no statistical difference between the proportion of
individuals uninsured in the subgroup at the state level as compared to the subgroup at the national level.
c.
Never married, separated, divorced, or widowed.
d.
Working 30 or more hours for 50 or more weeks a year.
e.
Working fewer than 30 hours a week for fewer than 50 weeks a year.
Congressional Research Service
39
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Table A-10.California: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance,
by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009
Congressional District
California
Total Population
(in thousands)a
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
36,377
6,559
18.0
Congressional District 1
695
104
14.9
-
Congressional District 2
713
117
16.4
+
Congressional District 3
760
90
11.8
-
Congressional District 4
769
81
10.5
-
Congressional District 5
703
112
15.9
+
Congressional District 6
649
79
12.1
-
Congressional District 7
672
106
15.7
+
Congressional District 8
675
85
12.6
-
Congressional District 9
649
94
14.5
-
Congressional District 10
703
74
10.5
-
Congressional District 11
760
89
11.7
-
Congressional District 12
644
59
9.1
-
Congressional District 13
650
82
12.6
-
Congressional District 14
656
68
10.3
-
Congressional District 15
681
74
10.8
-
Congressional District 16
686
106
15.5
+
Congressional District 17
653
127
19.4
+
Congressional District 18
714
149
20.9
+
Congressional District 19
751
133
17.7
+
Congressional District 20
724
187
25.8
+
Congressional District 21
767
150
19.6
+
Congressional District 22
763
116
15.2
+
Congressional District 23
662
130
19.6
+
Congressional District 24
677
89
13.2
-
Congressional District 25
819
134
16.4
+
Congressional District 26
700
97
13.8
-
Congressional District 27
674
138
20.4
+
Congressional District 28
669
182
27.2
+
Congressional District 29
658
115
17.5
+
Congressional District 30
644
63
9.8
-
Congressional District 31
630
242
38.5
+
Congressional District 32
645
152
23.6
+
Congressional Research Service
40
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Congressional District
Total Population
(in thousands)a
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
Congressional District 33
644
183
28.4
+
Congressional District 34
646
223
34.5
+
Congressional District 35
673
179
26.6
+
Congressional District 36
677
116
17.2
+
Congressional District 37
644
146
22.6
+
Congressional District 38
639
161
25.2
+
Congressional District 39
657
156
23.8
+
Congressional District 49
676
129
19.1
+
Congressional District 41
783
131
16.7
+
Congressional District 42
668
77
11.5
-
Congressional District 43
721
195
27.0
+
Congressional District 44
825
151
18.3
+
Congressional District 45
898
198
22.0
+
Congressional District 46
656
84
12.8
-
Congressional District 47
639
213
33.3
+
Congressional District 48
724
76
10.5
-
Congressional District 49
777
148
19.0
+
Congressional District 50
752
99
13.2
-
Congressional District 51
732
169
23.1
+
Congressional District 52
674
86
12.7
-
Congressional District 53
638
126
19.7
+
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate and there is a confidence interval around the estimate. While the intervals at the 90% confidence
level are not presented, they are available.
b.
No statistical test of this difference was performed.
Congressional Research Service
41
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Colorado
Table A-11.Colorado: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
4,930
778
15.8
+
Male
2,473
339
13.7
x
Female
2,457
439
17.8
+
Under Age 6
433
35
8.2
+
Under Age 19
1,299
138
10.6
+
Under Age 26
1,781
292
16.4
+
Age 19 through 21
206
60
29.1
x
Age 21 through 64
2,979
596
20.0
x
Age 65 and over
517
5
1.0
x
Total
Populationa (in
thousands)
Total Population
Poverty Status
4,892
≤133% FPL
889
298
33.6
-
>133 to <400% FPL
1,978
372
18.8
+
≥400% + FPL
2,025
105
5.2
x
Total Population Age 18-64
3,188
Singlec
1,453
415
28.6
x
Married
1,735
233
13.4
x
Employed Full Timed
11,503
248
14.1
x
Employed Part Timee
4,249
161
26.8
x
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate with an associated confidence interval around it. While the confidence intervals are not presented,
they are available.
b.
Above (below) the national level means that subgroup at the state level, has, with a 90% confidence level, a
statistically significantly higher (lower) likelihood of being uninsured than the same subgroup at the national
level. If a subgroup is at the national level, there is no statistical difference between the proportion of
individuals uninsured in the subgroup at the state level as compared to the subgroup at the national level.
c.
Never married, separated, divorced, or widowed.
d.
Working 30 or more hours for 50 or more weeks a year.
e.
Working fewer than 30 hours a week for fewer than 50 weeks a year.
Congressional Research Service
42
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Table A-12.Colorado: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance,
by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
Total Population
(in thousands)a
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
4,930
778
15.8
Congressional District 1
671
133
19.9
+
Congressional District 2
732
105
14.4
-
Congressional District 3
700
139
19.8
+
Congressional District 4
731
117
16
+
Congressional District 5
708
100
14.1
-
Congressional District 6
808
63
7.8
-
Congressional District 7
676
136
20.1
+
Congressional
District
Colorado
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate and there is a confidence interval around the estimate. While the intervals at the 90% confidence
level are not presented, they are available.
b.
No statistical test of this difference was performed.
Congressional Research Service
43
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Connecticut
Table A-13.Connecticut: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
3,457
305
8.8
-
Male
1,778
125
7.0
-
Female
1,679
180
10.7
-
Under Age 6
250
9
3.7
-
Under Age 19
860
35
4.0
-
Under Age 26
1,181
101
8.6
-
Age 19 through 21
154
27
17.8
-
Age 21 through 64
2,030
249
12.3
-
Age 65 and over
460
3
0.7
-
Total
Populationa (in
thousands)
Total Population
Poverty Status
3,404
≤133% FPL
438
83
18.8
-
>133 to <400% FPL
1,191
155
13.0
-
≥400% + FPL
1,774
66
3.7
-
Total Population Age 18-64
2,190
Singlec
1,034
193
18.6
-
Married
1,156
79
6.8
-
Employed Full Timed
1,207
94
7.8
-
Employed Part Timee
423
71
16.9
-
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate with an associated confidence interval around it. While the confidence intervals are not presented,
they are available.
b.
Above (below) the national level means that subgroup at the state level, has, with a 90% confidence level, a
statistically significantly higher (lower) likelihood of being uninsured than the same subgroup at the national
level. If a subgroup is at the national level, there is no statistical difference between the proportion of
individuals uninsured in the subgroup at the state level as compared to the subgroup at the national level.
c.
Never married, separated, divorced, or widowed.
d.
Working 30 or more hours for 50 or more weeks a year.
e.
Working fewer than 30 hours a week for fewer than 50 weeks a year.
Congressional Research Service
44
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Table A-14.Connecticut: Number and Percentage of People Without Health
Insurance, by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009
Congressional
District
Connecticut
Total Population
(in thousands)a
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
3,457
305
8.8
Congressional District 1
698
59
8.5
-
Congressional District 2
721
50
6.9
-
Congressional District 3
698
62
8.9
-
Congressional District 4
696
76
10.9
-
Congressional District 5
705
63
9.0
-
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate and there is a confidence interval around the estimate. While the intervals at the 90% confidence
level are not presented, they are available.
b.
No statistical test of this difference was performed.
Congressional Research Service
45
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Delaware
Table A-15.Delaware: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009
Total
Populationa (in
thousands)
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below
(-) National
Averageb
869
89
10.2
-
Male
451
38
8.5
x
Female
418
51
12.1
-
Under Age 6
70
3
4.6
-
Under Age 19
222
12
5.6
-
Under Age 26
298
31
10.3
-
Age 19 through 21
34
7
21.8
-
Age 21 through 64
504
71
14.2
-
Age 65 and over
121
1
0.6
x
Total Population
Poverty Status
856
≤133% FPL
137
24
17.1
-
>133 to <400% FPL
357
48
13.5
-
≥400% + FPL
362
17
4.7
x
Total Population Age 18-64
541
Singlec
269
53
19.8
-
Married
272
24
8.7
-
Employed Full Timed
298
31
10.4
-
Employed Part Timee
94
19
19.7
-
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate with an associated confidence interval around it. While the confidence intervals are not presented,
they are available.
b.
Above (below) the national level means that subgroup at the state level, has, with a 90% confidence level, a
statistically significantly higher (lower) likelihood of being uninsured than the same subgroup at the national
level. If a subgroup is at the national level, there is no statistical difference between the proportion of
individuals uninsured in the subgroup at the state level as compared to the subgroup at the national level.
c.
Never married, separated, divorced, or widowed.
d.
Working 30 or more hours for 50 or more weeks a year.
e.
Working fewer than 30 hours a week for fewer than 50 weeks a year.
Congressional Research Service
46
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Table A-16.Delaware: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance,
by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009
Congressional
District
Total Populationa
(in thousands)1
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Delaware
869
89
10.2
At Large Delaware
869
89
10.2
Above (+), At (x),
or Below (-)
National
Averageb
-
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate and there is a confidence interval around the estimate. While the intervals at the 90% confidence
level are not presented, they are available.
b.
No statistical test of this difference was performed.
Congressional Research Service
47
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
District of Columbia
Table A-17.District of Columbia: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009
Total
Populationa (in
thousands)
(in thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below
(-) National
Averageb
589
41
7.0
-
Male
314
17
5.3
-
Female
276
25
9.0
-
Under Age 6
43
1
1.7
-
Under Age 19
126
4
3.4
-
Under Age 26
200
13
6.8
-
Age 19 through 21
32
3
9.7
-
Age 21 through 64
373
35
9.4
-
Age 65 and over
66
0
0.7
x
Total Population
Number
Uninsured
Poverty Status
568
≤133% FPL
131
11
8.3
-
>133 to <400% FPL
180
20
11.0
-
≥400% + FPL
257
10
4.0
-
Total Population Age 18-64
410
Singlec
306
33
10.8
-
Married
104
5
4.6
-
Employed Full Timed
221
15
6.8
-
Employed Part Timee
58
7
11.5
-
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate with an associated confidence interval around it. While the confidence intervals are not presented,
they are available.
b.
Above (below) the national level means that subgroup at the state level, has, with a 90% confidence level, a
statistically significantly higher (lower) likelihood of being uninsured than the same subgroup at the national
level. If a subgroup is at the national level, there is no statistical difference between the proportion of
individuals uninsured in the subgroup at the state level as compared to the subgroup at the national level.
c.
Never married, separated, divorced, or widowed.
d.
Working 30 or more hours for 50 or more weeks a year.
e.
Working fewer than 30 hours a week for fewer than 50 weeks a year.
Congressional Research Service
48
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Table A-18.District of Columbia; Number and Percentage of People Without Health
Insurance, by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009
Congressional
District
Total Populationa
(in thousands)
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
District of
Columbia
589
41
7.0
At Large District of
Columbia
589
41
7.0
Above (+), At (x),
or Below (-)
National
Averageb
-
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate and there is a confidence interval around the estimate. While the intervals at the 90% confidence
level are not presented, they are available.
b.
No statistical test of this difference was performed.
Congressional Research Service
49
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Florida
Table A-19.Florida: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009
Total
Populationa (in
thousands)
Total Population
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
18,193
3,795
20.9
+
Male
9,336
1,750
18.7
+
Female
8,857
2,045
23.1
+
Under Age 6
1,364
165
12.1
+
Under Age 19
4,294
659
15.3
+
Under Age 26
5,924
1,321
22.3
+
Age 19 through 21
730
292
40.0
+
Age 21 through 64
10,299
2,910
28.3
+
Age 65 and over
3,118
40
1.3
+
Poverty Status
18,070
≤133% FPL
3,950
1,382
35.0
+
>133 to <400% FPL
8,389
1,964
23.4
+
≥400% + FPL
5,731
435
7.6
+
Total Population Age 18-64
11,024
Singlec
5,561
2,056
37.0
+
Married
5,463
1,099
20.1
+
Employed Full Timed
5,759
1,241
21.6
+
Employed Part Timee
1,775
641
36.1
+
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate with an associated confidence interval around it. While the confidence intervals are not presented,
they are available.
b.
Above (below) the national level means that subgroup at the state level, has, with a 90% confidence level, a
statistically significantly higher (lower) likelihood of being uninsured than the same subgroup at the national
level. If a subgroup is at the national level, there is no statistical difference between the proportion of
individuals uninsured in the subgroup at the state level as compared to the subgroup at the national level.
c.
Never married, separated, divorced, or widowed.
d.
Working 30 or more hours for 50 or more weeks a year.
e.
Working fewer than 30 hours a week for fewer than 50 weeks a year.
Congressional Research Service
50
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Table A-20.Florida: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance,
by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
Congressional District
Total
Populationa (in
thousands)
Florida
18,193
3,795
20.9
Congressional District 1
697
127
18.2
+
Congressional District 2
717
123
17.2
+
Congressional District 3
648
169
26.1
+
Congressional District 4
736
121
16.4
+
Congressional District 5
926
155
16.7
+
Congressional District 6
810
126
15.6
+
Congressional District 7
805
143
17.8
+
Congressional District 8
789
162
20.5
+
Congressional District 9
754
123
16.3
+
Congressional District 10
629
112
17.8
+
Congressional District 11
672
155
23.0
+
Congressional District 12
789
147
18.7
+
Congressional District 13
750
134
17.8
+
Congressional District 14
829
162
19.6
+
Congressional District 15
795
160
20.1
+
Congressional District 16
773
149
19.3
+
Congressional District 17
650
212
32.6
+
Congressional District 18
713
202
28.3
+
Congressional District 19
724
141
19.4
+
Congressional District 20
687
138
20.1
+
Congressional District 21
671
190
28.4
+
Congressional District 22
708
140
19.8
+
Congressional District 23
673
207
30.8
+
Congressional District 24
767
130
17.0
+
Congressional District 25
826
240
29.0
+
Percent
Uninsured
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate and there is a confidence interval around the estimate. While the intervals at the 90% confidence
level are not presented, they are available.
b.
No statistical test of this difference was performed.
Congressional Research Service
51
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Georgia
Table A-21.Georgia: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009
Total
Populationa (in
thousands)
Total Population
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below
(-) National
Averageb
9,594
1,836
19.1
+
Male
4,950
853
17.2
+
Female
4,644
984
21.2
+
Under Age 6
885
81
9.2
+
Under Age 19
2,735
316
11.6
+
Under Age 26
3,671
685
18.7
+
Age 19 through 21
421
157
37.3
+
Age 21 through 64
5,592
1,401
25.1
+
Age 65 and over
975
12
1.2
+
Poverty Status
9,485
≤133% FPL
2,233
778
34.8
+
>133 to <400% FPL
4,101
853
20.8
+
≥400% + FPL
3,152
194
6.1
+
Total Population Age 18-64
6,044
Singlec
2,954
1,936
34.4
+
Married
3,089
526
17.0
+
Employed Full Timed
3,180
548
17.2
+
Employed Part Timee
943
314
33.3
+
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate with an associated confidence interval around it. While the confidence intervals are not presented,
they are available.
b.
Above (below) the national level means that subgroup at the state level, has, with a 90% confidence level, a
statistically significantly higher (lower) likelihood of being uninsured than the same subgroup at the national
level. If a subgroup is at the national level, there is no statistical difference between the proportion of
individuals uninsured in the subgroup at the state level as compared to the subgroup at the national level.
c.
Never married, separated, divorced, or widowed.
d.
Working 30 or more hours for 50 or more weeks a year.
e.
Working fewer than 30 hours a week for fewer than 50 weeks a year.
Congressional Research Service
52
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Table A-22.Georgia: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance,
by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009
Congressional District
Total
Populationa (in
thousands)
Georgia
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
9,594
1,836
19.1
Congressional District 1
693
147
21.2
+
Congressional District 2
639
123
19.3
+
Congressional District 3
799
109
13.6
-
Congressional District 4
703
191
27.2
+
Congressional District 5
765
161
21.1
+
Congressional District 6
754
109
14.5
-
Congressional District 7
925
179
19.4
+
Congressional District 8
698
115
16.5
+
Congressional District 9
817
158
19.4
+
Congressional District 10
731
125
17.1
+
Congressional District 11
809
139
17.2
+
Congressional District 12
690
136
19.7
+
Congressional District 13
806
189
23.4
+
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate and there is a confidence interval around the estimate. While the intervals at the 90% confidence
level are not presented, they are available.
b.
No statistical test of this difference was performed.
Congressional Research Service
53
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Hawaii
Table A-23. Hawaii: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below
(-) National
Averageb
1,232
86
7.0
-
Male
626
36
5.8
-
Female
606
50
8.2
-
Under Age 6
103
1
1.4
-
Under Age 19
306
9
2.9
-
Under Age 26
411
27
6.6
-
Age 19 through 21
39
6
15.3
-
Age 21 through 64
718
72
10.0
-
Age 65 and over
181
1
0.8
x
Total
Populationa (in
thousands)
Total Population
Poverty Status
1,223
≤133% FPL
185
28
15.1
-
>133 to <400% FPL
517
40
7.7
-
≥400% + FPL
521
17
3.3
-
Total Population Age 18-64
763
Singlec
353
54
15.3
-
Married
410
23
5.7
-
Employed Full Timed
433
23
5.4
-
Employed Part Timee
137
20
14.7
-
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate with an associated confidence interval around it. While the confidence intervals are not presented,
they are available.
b.
Above (below) the national level means that subgroup at the state level, has, with a 90% confidence level, a
statistically significantly higher (lower) likelihood of being uninsured than the same subgroup at the national
level. If a subgroup is at the national level, there is no statistical difference between the proportion of
individuals uninsured in the subgroup at the state level as compared to the subgroup at the national level.
c.
Never married, separated, divorced, or widowed.
d.
Working 30 or more hours for 50 or more weeks a year.
e.
Working fewer than 30 hours a week for fewer than 50 weeks a year.
Congressional Research Service
54
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Table A-24. Hawaii: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance,
by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
1,232
86
7.0
Congressional District 1
641
37
5.7
-
Congressional District 2
654
54
8.2
-
Congressional District
Hawaii
Total
Populationa (in
thousands)
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate and there is a confidence interval around the estimate. While the intervals at the 90% confidence
level are not presented, they are available.
b.
No statistical test of this difference was performed.
Congressional Research Service
55
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Idaho
Table A-25.Idaho: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below
(-) National
Averageb
1,521
264
17.4
+
Male
761
122
16.0
+
Female
760
143
18.8
+
Under Age 6
148
11
7.2
x
Under Age 19
444
53
11.8
+
Under Age 26
600
103
17.2
+
Age 19 through 21
64
21
32.8
x
Age 21 through 64
856
197
23.0
+
Age 65 and over
178
1
0.7
x
Total
Populationa (in
thousands)
Total Population
Poverty Status
1,507
≤133% FPL
334
102
30.5
+
>133 to <400% FPL
764
138
18.0
x
≥400% + FPL
409
24
5.8
x
Total Population Age 18-64
924
Singlec
363
122
33.6
+
Married
561
94
16.8
+
Employed Full Timed
458
72
15.8
+
Employed Part Timee
190
62
32.8
+
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate with an associated confidence interval around it. While the confidence intervals are not presented,
they are available.
b.
Above (below) the national level means that subgroup at the state level, has, with a 90% confidence level, a
statistically significantly higher (lower) likelihood of being uninsured than the same subgroup at the national
level. If a subgroup is at the national level, there is no statistical difference between the proportion of
individuals uninsured in the subgroup at the state level as compared to the subgroup at the national level.
c.
Never married, separated, divorced, or widowed.
d.
Working 30 or more hours for 50 or more weeks a year.
e.
Working fewer than 30 hours a week for fewer than 50 weeks a year.
Congressional Research Service
56
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Table A-26.Idaho: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance,
by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009
Congressional District
Idaho
Total
Populationa (in
thousands)
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
1,521
264
17.4
Congressional District 1
825
141
17.1
+
Congressional District 2
721
128
17.7
+
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate and there is a confidence interval around the estimate. While the intervals at the 90% confidence
level are not presented, they are available.
b.
No statistical test of this difference was performed.
Congressional Research Service
57
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Illinois
Table A-27.Illinois: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009
Total
Populationa (in
thousands)
Total Population
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
12,720
1,694
13.3
-
Male
6,477
740
11.4
-
Female
6,242
954
15.3
-
Under Age 6
1,056
36
3.4
-
Under Age 19
3,363
166
4.9
-
Under Age 26
4,626
546
11.8
-
Age 19 through 21
561
160
28.5
-
Age 21 through 64
7,460
1,404
18.8
-
Age 65 and over
1,517
19
1.3
+
Poverty Status
12,559
≤133% FPL
2,397
611
25.5
-
>133 to <400% FPL
5,133
810
15.8
-
≥400% + FPL
5,029
263
5.2
x
Total Population Age 18-64
8,034
Singlec
3,919
1,065
27.2
-
Married
4,115
468
11.4
-
Employed Full Timed
4,269
534
12.5
-
Employed Part Timee
1,440
331
23.0
-
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate with an associated confidence interval around it. While the confidence intervals are not presented,
they are available.
b.
Above (below) the national level means that subgroup at the state level, has, with a 90% confidence level, a
statistically significantly higher (lower) likelihood of being uninsured than the same subgroup at the national
level. If a subgroup is at the national level, there is no statistical difference between the proportion of
individuals uninsured in the subgroup at the state level as compared to the subgroup at the national level.
c.
Never married, separated, divorced, or widowed.
d.
Working 30 or more hours for 50 or more weeks a year.
e.
Working fewer than 30 hours a week for fewer than 50 weeks a year.
Congressional Research Service
58
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Table A-28.Illinois: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance,
by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009
Congressional District
Total
Populationa (in
thousands)
Illinois
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
12,720
1,694
13.3
Congressional District 1
616
103
16.8
+
Congressional District 2
618
112
18.2
+
Congressional District 3
667
103
15.4
+
Congressional District 4
607
158
26.1
+
Congressional District 5
693
116
16.7
+
Congressional District 6
651
73
11.2
-
Congressional District 7
631
108
17.2
+
Congressional District 8
734
81
11.1
-
Congressional District 9
646
106
16.4
+
Congressional District 10
666
68
10.2
-
Congressional District 11
777
88
11.3
-
Congressional District 12
659
80
12.1
-
Congressional District 13
769
67
8.7
-
Congressional District 14
831
107
12.9
-
Congressional District 15
667
63
9.4
-
Congressional District 16
733
92
12.5
-
Congressional District 17
621
71
11.4
-
Congressional District 18
659
59
8.9
-
Congressional District 19
666
62
9.3
-
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate and there is a confidence interval around the estimate. While the intervals at the 90% confidence
level are not presented, they are available.
b.
No statistical test of this difference was performed.
Congressional Research Service
59
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Indiana
Table A-29.Indiana: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below
(-) National
Averageb
6,316
901
14.3
-
Male
3,216
410
12.7
-
Female
3,100
491
15.8
-
Under Age 6
528
44
8.3
+
Under Age 19
1,677
153
9.1
x
Under Age 26
2,303
343
14.9
x
Age 19 through 21
284
76
26.6
-
Age 21 through 64
3,663
693
18.9
-
Age 65 and over
784
3
0.4
-
Total
Populationa (in
thousands)
Total Population
Poverty Status
6,222
≤133% FPL
1,262
352
27.9
x
>133 to <400% FPL
2,958
454
15.3
-
≥400% + FPL
2,002
89
4.4
-
Total Population Age 18-64
3,949
Singlec
1,793
506
28.2
x
Married
2,156
252
11.7
-
Employed Full Timed
2,048
249
12.1
-
Employed Part Timee
727
182
25.1
-
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate with an associated confidence interval around it. While the confidence intervals are not presented,
they are available.
b.
Above (below) the national level means that subgroup at the state level, has, with a 90% confidence level, a
statistically significantly higher (lower) likelihood of being uninsured than the same subgroup at the national
level. If a subgroup is at the national level, there is no statistical difference between the proportion of
individuals uninsured in the subgroup at the state level as compared to the subgroup at the national level.
c.
Never married, separated, divorced, or widowed.
d.
Working 30 or more hours for 50 or more weeks a year.
e.
Working fewer than 30 hours a week for fewer than 50 weeks a year.
Congressional Research Service
60
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Table A-30.Indiana: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance,
by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009
Congressional District
Indiana
Total Population
(in thousands)a
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
6,316
901
14.3
Congressional District 1
703
93
13.2
-
Congressional District 2
678
102
15.0
-
Congressional District 3
723
121
16.8
+
Congressional District 4
794
94
11.9
-
Congressional District 5
797
88
11.1
-
Congressional District 6
673
97
14.4
-
Congressional District 7
669
128
19.1
+
Congressional District 8
680
96
14.1
-
Congressional District 9
707
98
13.8
-
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate and there is a confidence interval around the estimate. While the intervals at the 90% confidence
level are not presented, they are available.
b.
No statistical test of this difference was performed.
Congressional Research Service
61
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Iowa
Table A-31.Iowa: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
2,957
255
8.6
-
Male
1,497
114
7.6
-
Female
1,460
140
9.6
-
Under Age 6
236
10
4.1
-
Under Age 19
754
37
4.9
-
Under Age 26
1,063
99
9.3
-
Age 19 through 21
142
26
18.4
-
Age 21 through 64
1,690
201
11.9
-
Age 65 and over
415
0
0.1
-
Total
Populationa (in
thousands)
Total Population
Poverty Status
2,902
≤133% FPL
508
98
19.2
-
>133 to <400% FPL
1,369
128
9.4
-
≥400% + FPL
1,025
26
2.6
-
Total Population Age 18-64
1,835
Singlec
785
156
19.9
-
Married
1,051
66
6.3
-
Employed Full Timed
1,100
92
8.4
-
Employed Part Timee
350
56
16.0
-
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate with an associated confidence interval around it. While the confidence intervals are not presented,
they are available.
b.
Above (below) the national level means that subgroup at the state level, has, with a 90% confidence level, a
statistically significantly higher (lower) likelihood of being uninsured than the same subgroup at the national
level. If a subgroup is at the national level, there is no statistical difference between the proportion of
individuals uninsured in the subgroup at the state level as compared to the subgroup at the national level.
c.
Never married, separated, divorced, or widowed.
d.
Working 30 or more hours for 50 or more weeks a year.
e.
Working fewer than 30 hours a week for fewer than 50 weeks a year.
Congressional Research Service
62
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Table A-32.Iowa: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance,
by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009
Congressional District
Iowa
Total
Populationa (in
thousands)1
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
2,957
255
8.6
Congressional District 1
594
49
8.3
-
Congressional District 2
617
59
9.5
-
Congressional District 3
637
50
7.9
-
Congressional District 4
594
45
7.5
-
Congressional District 5
566
57
10.0
-
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate and there is a confidence interval around the estimate. While the intervals at the 90% confidence
level are not presented, they are available.
b.
No statistical test of this difference was performed.
Congressional Research Service
63
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Kansas
Table A-33.Kansas: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009
(in thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
2,757
363
13.2
-
Male
1,397
168
12.0
-
Female
1,360
194
14.3
-
Under Age 6
240
18
7.4
x
Under Age 19
744
65
8.7
x
Under Age 26
1,041
144
13.9
-
Age 19 through 21
128
31
23.8
-
Age 21 through 64
1,587
275
17.3
-
Age 65 and over
342
2
0.5
-
Total
Populationa (in
thousands)
Total Population
Number
Uninsured
Poverty Status
2,717
≤133% FPL
529
148
28.0
x
1,222
174
14.2
-
966
37
3.8
-
>133 to <400% FPL
≥400% + FPL
Total Population Age 18-64
1,714
Singlec
758
200
26.4
-
Married
956
103
10.8
-
Employed Full Timed
991
121
12.3
-
Employed Part Timee
304
76
24.9
-
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate with an associated confidence interval around it. While the confidence intervals are not presented,
they are available.
b.
Above (below) the national level means that subgroup at the state level, has, with a 90% confidence level, a
statistically significantly higher (lower) likelihood of being uninsured than the same subgroup at the national
level. If a subgroup is at the national level, there is no statistical difference between the proportion of
individuals uninsured in the subgroup at the state level as compared to the subgroup at the national level.
c.
Never married, separated, divorced, or widowed.
d.
Working 30 or more hours for 50 or more weeks a year.
e.
Working fewer than 30 hours a week for fewer than 50 weeks a year.
Congressional Research Service
64
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Table A-34.Kansas: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance,
by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
2,757
363
13.2
Congressional District 1
644
89
13.8
-
Congressional District 2
702
84
12.0
-
Congressional District 3
768
100
13.0
-
Congressional District 4
705
97
13.8
-
Congressional District
Total
Population (in
thousands)a
Kansas
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate and there is a confidence interval around the estimate. While the intervals at the 90% confidence
level are not presented, they are available.
b.
No statistical test of this difference was performed.
Congressional Research Service
65
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Kentucky
Table A-35.Kentucky: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
4,225
613
14.5
-
Male
2,174
293
13.5
x
Female
2,051
320
15.6
-
Under Age 6
343
18
5.4
-
Under Age 19
1,075
74
6.9
-
Under Age 26
1,472
210
14.3
-
Age 19 through 21
180
64
35.5
+
Age 21 through 64
2,482
493
19.9
x
Age 65 and over
544
3
0.5
-
Total
Populationa (in
thousands)
Total Population
Poverty Status
4,173
≤133% FPL
1,065
282
26.5
-
>133 to <400% FPL
1,899
280
14.8
-
≥400% + FPL
1,209
45
3.7
-
Total Population Age 18-64
2,666
Singlec
1,176
347
29.5
+
Married
1,490
199
13.3
x
Employed Full Timed
1,316
169
12.8
-
Employed Part Timee
433
122
28.1
+
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate with an associated confidence interval around it. While the confidence intervals are not presented,
they are available.
b.
Above (below) the national level means that subgroup at the state level, has, with a 90% confidence level, a
statistically significantly higher (lower) likelihood of being uninsured than the same subgroup at the national
level. If a subgroup is at the national level, there is no statistical difference between the proportion of
individuals uninsured in the subgroup at the state level as compared to the subgroup at the national level.
c.
Never married, separated, divorced, or widowed.
d.
Working 30 or more hours for 50 or more weeks a year.
e.
Working fewer than 30 hours a week for fewer than 50 weeks a year.
Congressional Research Service
66
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Table A-36.Kentucky: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance,
by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009
Congressional District
Total
Populationa (in
thousands)
Kentucky
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
4,225
613
14.5
Congressional District 1
686
103
15.0
-
Congressional District 2
746
110
14.7
-
Congressional District 3
705
85
12.0
-
Congressional District 4
733
98
13.4
-
Congressional District 5
681
124
18.2
+
Congressional District 6
764
107
14.0
-
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate and there is a confidence interval around the estimate. While the intervals at the 90% confidence
level are not presented, they are available.
b.
No statistical test of this difference was performed.
Congressional Research Service
67
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Louisiana
Table A-37.Louisiana: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
4,392
762
17.4
+
Male
2,280
379
16.6
+
Female
2,111
383
18.2
+
Under Age 6
384
18
4.8
-
Under Age 19
1,191
85
7.2
-
Under Age 26
1,647
246
15.0
x
Age 19 through 21
204
67
32.8
+
Age 21 through 64
2,537
629
24.8
+
Age 65 and over
527
4
0.8
x
Total
Populationa (in
thousands)
Total Population
Poverty Status
4,352
≤133% FPL
1,078
302
28.0
x
>133 to <400% FPL
1,887
358
19.0
+
≥400% + FPL
1,388
99
7.1
+
Total Population Age 18-64
2,745
Singlec
1,398
483
34.5
+
Married
1,346
203
15.1
+
Employed Full Timed
1,459
277
19.0
+
Employed Part Timee
430
138
32.0
+
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate with an associated confidence interval around it. While the confidence intervals are not presented,
they are available.
b.
Above (below) the national level means that subgroup at the state level, has, with a 90% confidence level, a
statistically significantly higher (lower) likelihood of being uninsured than the same subgroup at the national
level. If a subgroup is at the national level, there is no statistical difference between the proportion of
individuals uninsured in the subgroup at the state level as compared to the subgroup at the national level.
c.
Never married, separated, divorced, or widowed.
d.
Working 30 or more hours for 50 or more weeks a year.
e.
Working fewer than 30 hours a week for fewer than 50 weeks a year.
Congressional Research Service
68
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Table A-38.Louisiana: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance,
by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009
Congressional District
Louisiana
Total
Populationa (in
thousands)
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
4,392
762
17.4
Congressional District 1
685
107
15.6
+
Congressional District 2
511
123
24.0
+
Congressional District 3
631
101
16.0
+
Congressional District 4
652
113
17.3
+
Congressional District 5
638
129
20.2
+
Congressional District 6
710
107
15.1
x
Congressional District 7
665
101
15.2
+
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate and there is a confidence interval around the estimate. While the intervals at the 90% confidence
level are not presented, they are available.
b.
No statistical test of this difference was performed.
Congressional Research Service
69
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Maine
Table A-39.Maine: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009
Total
Populationa (in
thousands)
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
1,301
137
10.5
-
Male
668
58
8.7
-
Female
633
79
12.5
-
Under Age 6
85
4
5.0
-
Under Age 19
290
17
5.8
-
Under Age 26
404
46
11.5
-
Age 19 through 21
56
12
20.7
-
Age 21 through 64
777
114
14.6
-
Age 65 and over
197
0
0.2
-
Total Population
Poverty Status
1,278
≤133% FPL
241
37
15.2
-
>133 to <400% FPL
614
79
12.9
-
≥400% + FPL
423
20
4.8
x
Total Population Age 18-64
834
Singlec
385
84
21.7
-
Married
449
38
8.4
-
Employed Full Timed
443
50
11.2
-
Employed Part Timee
168
35
21.0
-
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate with an associated confidence interval around it. While the confidence intervals are not presented,
they are available.
b.
Above (below) the national level means that subgroup at the state level, has, with a 90% confidence level, a
statistically significantly higher (lower) likelihood of being uninsured than the same subgroup at the national
level. If a subgroup is at the national level, there is no statistical difference between the proportion of
individuals uninsured in the subgroup at the state level as compared to the subgroup at the national level.
c.
Never married, separated, divorced, or widowed.
d.
Working 30 or more hours for 50 or more weeks a year.
e.
Working fewer than 30 hours a week for fewer than 50 weeks a year.
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70
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Table A-40.Maine: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance,
by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009
Congressional District
Maine
Total
Populationa (in
thousands)
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
1,301
137
10.5
Congressional District 1
673
65
9.7
-
Congressional District 2
646
74
11.4
-
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate and there is a confidence interval around the estimate. While the intervals at the 90% confidence
level are not presented, they are available.
b.
No statistical test of this difference was performed.
Congressional Research Service
71
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Maryland
Table A-41.Maryland: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below
(-) National
Averageb
5,590
621
11.1
-
Male
2,899
273
9.4
-
Female
2,691
348
12.9
-
Under Age 6
449
14
3.1
-
Under Age 19
1,433
73
5.1
-
Under Age 26
1,960
205
10.5
-
Age 19 through 21
227
52
22.7
-
Age 21 through 64
3,335
511
15.3
-
Age 65 and over
667
6
0.8
x
Total
Populationa (in
thousands)
Total Population
Poverty Status
5,527
≤133% FPL
715
175
24.4
-
>133 to <400% FPL
1,946
304
15.6
-
≥400% + FPL
2,867
137
4.8
-
Total Population Age 18-64
3,574
Singlec
1,759
387
22.0
-
Married
1,815
164
9.0
-
Employed Full Timed
2,102
206
9.8
-
Employed Part Timee
599
129
21.6
-
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate with an associated confidence interval around it. While the confidence intervals are not presented,
they are available.
b.
Above (below) the national level means that subgroup at the state level, has, with a 90% confidence level, a
statistically significantly higher (lower) likelihood of being uninsured than the same subgroup at the national
level. If a subgroup is at the national level, there is no statistical difference between the proportion of
individuals uninsured in the subgroup at the state level as compared to the subgroup at the national level.
c.
Never married, separated, divorced, or widowed.
d.
Working 30 or more hours for 50 or more weeks a year.
e.
Working fewer than 30 hours a week for fewer than 50 weeks a year.
Congressional Research Service
72
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Table A-42.Maryland: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance,
by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009
Congressional District
Total
Populationa (in
thousands)
Maryland
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
5,590
621
11.1
Congressional District 1
726
68
9.4
-
Congressional District 2
703
82
11.6
-
Congressional District 3
717
79
11.0
-
Congressional District 4
695
99
14.2
-
Congressional District 5
755
74
9.8
-
Congressional District 6
730
64
8.7
-
Congressional District 7
649
73
11.2
-
Congressional District 8
725
96
13.3
-
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate and there is a confidence interval around the estimate. While the intervals at the 90% confidence
level are not presented, they are available.
b.
No statistical test of this difference was performed.
Congressional Research Service
73
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Massachusetts
Table A-43.Massachusetts: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below
(-) National
Averageb
6,496
271
4.2
-
Male
3,345
104
3.1
-
Female
3,151
168
5.3
-
Under Age 6
464
5
1.2
-
Under Age 19
1,540
23
1.5
-
Under Age 26
2,184
85
3.9
-
Age 19 through 21
299
22
7.4
-
Age 21 through 64
3,913
233
5.9
-
Age 65 and over
842
2
0.2
-
Total
Populationa (in
thousands)
Total Population
Poverty Status
6,359
≤133% FPL
924
70
7.6
-
>133 to <400% FPL
2,211
137
6.2
-
≥400% + FPL
3,224
61
1.9
-
Total Population Age 18-64
4,224
Singlec
2,158
192
8.9
-
Married
2,066
57
2.8
-
Employed Full Timed
2,102
91
4.0
-
Employed Part Timee
599
66
8.0
-
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate with an associated confidence interval around it. While the confidence intervals are not presented,
they are available.
b.
Above (below) the national level means that subgroup at the state level, has, with a 90% confidence level, a
statistically significantly higher (lower) likelihood of being uninsured than the same subgroup at the national
level. If a subgroup is at the national level, there is no statistical difference between the proportion of
individuals uninsured in the subgroup at the state level as compared to the subgroup at the national level.
c.
Never married, separated, divorced, or widowed.
d.
Working 30 or more hours for 50 or more weeks a year.
e.
Working fewer than 30 hours a week for fewer than 50 weeks a year.
Congressional Research Service
74
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Table A-44.Massachusetts: Number and Percentage of People Without Health
Insurance, by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009
Congressional District
Massachusetts
Total Population
(in thousands)a
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
6,496
271
4.2
Congressional District 1
646
25
3.9
-
Congressional District 2
668
25
3.7
-
Congressional District 3
667
25
3.8
-
Congressional District 4
651
21
3.2
-
Congressional District 5
654
25
3.8
-
Congressional District 6
660
23
3.5
-
Congressional District 7
647
34
5.3
-
Congressional District 8
684
45
6.6
-
Congressional District 9
660
23
3.5
-
Congressional District 10
658
29
4.4
-
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate and there is a confidence interval around the estimate. While the intervals at the 90% confidence
level are not presented, they are available.
b.
No statistical test of this difference was performed.
Congressional Research Service
75
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Michigan
Table A-45.Michigan: Characteristics of the Uninsured, 2009
Total
Populationa (in
thousands)
Total Population
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
9,835
1,203
12.2
-
Male
5,024
527
10.5
-
Female
4,811
675
14.0
-
Under Age 6
739
28
3.7
-
Under Age 19
2,500
128
5.1
-
Under Age 26
3,450
402
11.6
-
Age 19 through 21
450
118
26.3
-
Age 21 through 64
5,741
997
17.4
-
Age 65 and over
1,289
6
0.5
-
Poverty Status
9,729
≤133% FPL
2,172
481
22.1
-
>133 to <400% FPL
4,345
573
13.2
-
≥400% + FPL
3,211
142
4.4
-
Total Population Age 18-64
6,203
Singlec
2,996
774
25.8
-
Married
3,207
316
9.8
-
Employed Full Timed
2,840
312
11.0
-
Employed Part Timee
1,199
266
22.2
-
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey.
a.
Total population figures are for the civilian non-institutionalized population. Each value in the table is an
estimate with an associated confidence interval around it. While the confidence intervals are not presented,
they are available.
b.
Above (below) the national level means that subgroup at the state level, has, with a 90% confidence level, a
statistically significantly higher (lower) likelihood of being uninsured than the same subgroup at the national
level. If a subgroup is at the national level, there is no statistical difference between the proportion of
individuals uninsured in the subgroup at the state level as compared to the subgroup at the national level.
c.
Never married, separated, divorced, or widowed.
d.
Working 30 or more hours for 50 or more weeks a year.
e.
Working fewer than 30 hours a week for fewer than 50 weeks a year.
Congressional Research Service
76
The Uninsured by State and Congressional District
Table A-46.Michigan: Number and Percentage of People Without Health Insurance,
by State and Congressional District (111th), 2009
Congressional District
Michigan
Total Population
(in thousands)a
Number
Uninsured (in
thousands)
Percent
Uninsured
Above (+), At
(x), or Below (-)
National
Averageb
9,835
1,203
12.2
Congressional District 1
646
81
12.6
-
Congressional District 2
695
80
11.5
-
Congressional District 3
701
81
11.5
-
Congressional District 4
674
81
12.0
-
Congressional District 5
637
71
11.2
-
Congressional District 6
676
89
13.2
-
Congressional District 7
680
78
11.5
-
Congressional District 8
705
68
9.6
-
Congressional District 9
654
67
10.3
-
Congressional District 10
716
80
11.2
-
Congressional District 11
656
68
10.4
-
Congressional District 12
638
85
13.4
-
Congressional District 13
624
110
17.7
+
Congressional Dist
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