Appendix — United States v. General Dynamics Corp.
Supreme Court brief1974
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NITED STATES OF AMERICA, ‘
Year
ELECTRIC COAL COMPANIES, and FREEMAN
ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS
Supreme Court of the United States
OctToBER TERM, 1973
No. 72-402
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Appellant
Vi
GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION, THE UNITED
ELEcTRIc CoAL COMPANIES, and FREEMAN
CoAL MINING CORPORATION
ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ILLINOIS
INDEX
Government Exhibits:
Gx + en et Sorat eee
1
Gx 2 seed Boer Gone Sree ee
1961
GX 38— Annual Report of General Dynamics Corporation
1
8
1962 5
GX 4— Annual Report of General Dynamics Corporation
Gx 5 Annal Report of Generai Dynamics Corporation :
GX 6— Annual Report of General Dynamics Corporation
Gx < Aumenl Dapect of Goneenl Diynengl Weadaielion
1966 fiers 3
GX 24— Chart entitled “The United Electric Coal Com-
panies Fixed Assets, Long Term Indebtedness,
Working Capital and Net Assets or Stockholders
Equity 1940 to 1967” 10
\
ii INDEX
Government Exhibits :—Continued . . Page
GX 25— Chart entitled “The United Electric Coal
panies Net Sales, Earnings Before Income Taxes,
Net Earnings, and Net Earnings as a Percentage
of Net Sales 1940 to 1968” 12
GX 26— Standard & Poor’s Industry Surveys—“Coal,”
April 28, 1966, Section 2, Basic Analysis... 13
GX 27— Letter dated March 26, 1968 from Reuben L.
clared and Paid by UEC during the period Janu-
ary 1, 1950 to December 31, 1967 .__.. -___.__.
GX 29— Standard Industrial Classification Manual 1967 _.
GX 381— Chart entitled “The Consumption of Fuel by
Steam-Electric Plants in the Eastern Interior
Province Sales Area for the Years 1960-1967”. 37
GX 32— Chart entitled “Consumption of Fuel (Shown in
Millions of BTU’s) by Portland Cement Plants
in Illinois in 1967” and Chart entitled “Consump-
tion of Fuel- by Portland Cement Plants in
Eastern Interior Coal Province Sales Area in
GX 384— Financial Statements: The Upited Electrical
;
&
GX 35— City, Water, Light & Power (Springfield) letter to
Department of Justice dated March 21, 1968
GX 386— Illinois Power Company letter to Department of
Justice dated March 21, 1968 an
GX 387— Dairyland Power Cooperative letter to
of Justice dated April 23, 1968
GX 389— Corn Products Company letter to Department of
Justice dated May 24, 1968 _.._-___-- __ . _ -—
GX 41— Union Carbide Corporation letter to Department
of Justice dated August 2, 1968
GX 43— Dundee Smith Company letter to Department of
Justice dated August 22, 1968
GX 49— A Staff Report on National Gas Supply and De-
mand by the Federal Power Commission
GX 651— Chart entitled “Coal Shipments to Illinois Desti-
nations by District of Origin, 1965 to 1967” ___..
Gx 52— Chart entitled “1967 Sales of Coal in the Eastern
Interior Coal Province Sales Area by Coal Pro-
ducers Located in Illinois, Indiana and Western
Kentucky” Pee gS es AP 68
GX 654— Freeman Coal Mining Corporation; Shipments
of Coal in Tons from the Crown Mine to Customer
Destinations, 1967 73
GX 55— Freeman Coal Mining Corporation; Shipments of
Coal in Tons from the Orient No. 8 Mine to Cus-
tomer Destinations, 1967 74
2eeesa8 & & S
INDEX
iii
Government Exhibits :—Continued Page
GX 56— Freeman Coal Mining Corporation; Shipments of
tomer Destinations, 1967 75
Gx 57— Freeman Coal Mining Corporation; Shipments of
Coal in Tons from the Orient No. 5 Mine to Cus-
tomer Destinations, 1967 tl a
Gx 58— The United Electric Coal Companies; Shipments
of Coal in Tons from the Banner Mine to Cus-
tomer Destinations, 1967 77
Gx 59— The United Electric Coal Companies; Shipments
of Coal in Tons from the Cuba-Buckhart Mines to
Customer Destinations, 1967 78
GX 60— The United Electric Coal Companies; Shipments
of Coal in Tons from the Fidelity Mine to Cus-
tomer Destinations, 1967 __ 79
GX 61— Chart entitled “Total Coal Consumption in Tons
in 1967 by Steam Electric Plants in the Eastern
Interior Coal Province Sales and the Total
Sales of Coal in Tons in 1967 from Mines located
in the Eastern Interior Coal Province to Steam
Electric Plants in the Eastern Interior Coal Prov-
Gx 62— Chart entitled “Production of Coal in Illinois by
the Leading Companies and Their Subsidiaries for
the 1957 Calendar Year” 81
Gx 63— Chart entitled “Production of Coal in Illinois by
: the Leading Companies and Their Subsidiaries
for the 1958 Calendar Year” 82
Gx 64— Chart entitled “Production of Coal in Illinois by
the Leading Companies and Their Subsidiaries
for the 1959 Calendar Year” wcis 83
Gx 65— Chart entitled “Production of Coal in Illinois by
the Leading Companies and Their Subsidiaries
for the 1960 Calendar Year” __\ 84
GX 66— Chart entitled “Production of in Illinois by
the Leading Companies and Their Subsidiaries for
the 1961 Calendar Year” 85
Gx 67— Chart entitled “Production of Coal in Illinois by
the Leading Companies and Their Subsidiaries for
the 1962 Calendar Year” 86
Gx 68— Chart entitled “Production of Coal in Illinois by
the Leading Companies and Their Subsidiaries
for the 1968 Calendar Year” 87
Gx 69— Chart entitled “Production of Coal in Illinois by
the Leading Companies and Their Subsidiaries
for the 1964 Calendar Year” 88
Gx 70— Chart entitled “Production of Coal in Tlinois by
the Leading Companies and Their Subsidiaries
for the 1965 Calendar Year” 89
76
iv
INDEX
Government Exhibits:—Continued _
Gx
Gx
Gx
Gx
Gx
Gx
Gx
Gx
Gx
Gx
Gx
Gx
Gx
Gx
71— Chart entitled “Production of Coal in Illinois by
¢ The Leading Companies and. Their Gubeldiaries for
the Top Two, the Top Four, and the Top Ten
Producers, 1957-1967, and their Percentage of
Total Production for These Years” —.._.____
74— Chart entitled “Sales of Coal in Illinois by the
Leading Companies and Their Subsidiaries in 1967
(From Mines Located in Eastern Interior Coal
“r
75— Chart entitled “Production of Coal in Illinois,
Yerior Coal Province since 1954”
88— Chart entitled “Common Known Customers of
The United Electric Coal Companies and Free-
eee ee ee
tion Points 1965”
Points 1967”
91— Chart entitled “Per Cent of Sales of Each Com-
pany to Identical Customer Facilities by The
United Electzic Coal Companies and Freeman Coal
Mining Corpération for the Year 1965-1967” ___
98— Central Illinois Public Service Company letter
to Department of Justice dated October 28, 1966_
91
101
107
111
114
117
118
INDEX
Government Exhibits:—Continued
Gx 94— Illinois Power Company letter to Department of
Justice dated October 17, 1966
GX 104— Central Illinois Electric and Gas Company letter
to Department of Justice dated October 20, 1966_
GX 185— March 26, 1970 Petition of Commonwealth Edison
to form
GX 200— United Electrie Coal Companies, Board of Di-
rectors Minutes—1959 =
GX 201— United Electric Coal Companies, Board of -
rectors Minutes—1960
GX 210— Testimony of Jack Simon before Illinois Com-
Commission
merce
Gx 219— Keystone Coal Buyers Manual 1967
GX 282— Article entitled “The Energy Outlook”, by Gerber
and Netschert, entered in the IEEE Spectrum,
June 1969
GX 233— Speech by J. Cordell Moore entitled “The Future
Role of Fossil Fuels in Electric Power Genera-
tion,” at the American Power Conference luncheon
in 1968
GX 239— Article entitled “New Horizons for Coal—the
Comeback » by Robert E. Lee Hall,
ticle, dated March 7, 1968
GX 247— Article entitled “Natural Gas Fiasco”, printed in
Defense Exhibits:
Dx 1— October 9, 1957 memorandum from Frank Kolbe
to R. J. Hepburn re punch mining
Dx 2— October 18, 1957 letter from J. M. Morris to
Frank Kolbe re Northern States Pewer Company,
Displacing gas with coal
Dx 3— June 19, 1958 letter from A. J. Christiansen to
A. H. Truax with three page attachment.___
Dx 4— July 1, 1958 letter from J. M. Morris to Frank
Nugent
Dx 5— July 11, 1958 letter from R. J. Hepburn to Frank
Kolbe with two page attachment
176
194
197
Dx 6— August 4, 1958 letter from “President” to Mr.
Justin Potter
DX 7%— November 21, 1958 Wall Street Journal article
“General Dynamics Seeks To Acquire Chicago
Building Firm”
210
vi
Dx
Dx
Dx
Defense Exhibits :—Continued
INDEX
8— December 11, 1958 letter from Geo. Robert Boller
to F. F. Kolbe with one page attachment. .—s—
wits tes ~ 1959 letter from Frank Nugent to
. F. Kolbe
1l— May 27, 1959 letter from R. J. Hepburn to F. F.
Kolbe
12— October 2, 1959 Paul Weir Co. report to F. F.
Kolbe
13— May 27, 1960 letter from T. H. Latimer to R. J.
Hepburn
14— August 23, 1960 letter from J. M. Morris to
C. Evans Parks, Iowa Southern Utilities Co.
1 Sones *, 000 hur fen 3. A ae &
H Mann
16— September 13, 1960 letter from H. L. Mann to
J. M. Morris
17— November 15, 1961 letter from J. M. Morris to
H. L. Mann -
18— June 12, 1962 memorandum from R. J. Hepburn
19— November 30, 1962 letter from H. L. Mann to
Robert J. Hepburn
20— December 10, 1962 letter from Robert J. Hepburn
to H. L. Mann re Iowa Coal Field
21— March 8, 1963 letter from R. J. Hepburn to J. M.
Aiken
22— May 19, 1964 letter to Frank Nugent enclosing
one page draft letter to Arch Kraakevik of Illinois
Power Co. ’
23— “June 16, 1964 memorandum from Irving Crown to
Frank Nugent with four page attachment
24— June 29, 1965 memorandum from J. M. Morris
to R. H. Inman et al. re Industry field ss
25— October 27, 1965 letter from J. M. Morris to
Frank Nugent with one page attachment
26— January 5, 1966 letter from Q. W. Wellington to
oe eee a.
27— March 8, 1966 memorandum from Dale H. Emling
to J. M. Morris with two page attachment
28— March 14, 1966 letter from J. M. Morris to Frank
Nugent
29— July 18, 1966 memorandum from D. H. Emling to
R. H. Inman
30— July 29, 1966 memorandum from R. H. Inman to
T. H. Latimer, et al. :
31— August 9, 1966 memorandum from D. H. Emling
and B..C. Jensen to R. H. Inman re Star Lake
Field, McKinley County, New Mexico
-,
Be RERERESELS EES BBE
S2— September 12, 1966 letter from J. Morris to
Frank Nugent
83— October 18, 1966 memorandum between R. H. In-
man and T. H. Latimer
34— July 31, 1967 letter from Jack A. Simon to
See £8 8 RES sees gee Ee Tg
INDEX
57— 1960 utility use of Illinois coal
i
ith
DX 56— Government
Dx
Dx
EE&ES @RERFFFRSS FEB
‘3
He
geds
i
69— September
to
DX Té6—
610
33
ay
S
INDEX
Defense Exhibits :—Continued
Dx
Dx
Dx
Dx
DX
Dx
Dx
DX
Dx
Dx
Dx
Dx
DX 93—
Dx
Dx
Dx
Dx
Dx
Dx
81— 1968 Annual Report of Standard Oil Company
ab Hakaelts pegened Waiewl @ ies Ge ew
8 .
5d(4) and 5e(3), United States v. Standard Oil
Company (New Jersey et al.), Civ. No. 954-64,
D. NJ. (1964)
tistics by Dr. Bruce C. Netschert
86— “Structure and Geography of the Electric Utility
Market for Coal,” report and statistics by Abra-
ham Gerber
S7— Report on coal reserves and deep mining by Pau!
eir
88— “Availability of Economically Mineable Strip Re-
94— 1968 Annual Report of Commonwealth Edison __
95— “Edison Seek A-site Downstate,” Chicago Daily
News, March 9, 1970
96— Advertisement entitled “Nuclear Power for Chi-
cago,” Chicago Daily News, March 18, 1967 _____
97— Advertisement entitled “Commonwealth Edison
Reports on Chicago’s Air Pollution Problem,”
Chicago Sun Times, July 11,1969
99— Advertisement entitled “No Smoke. No Dirt.
No Fumes,” Chicago Tribune, February 8, 1970.
617
910
INDEX
Defense Exhibits :—Continued
DX 100— Advertisement entitled “You're Looking at 20,000
Tons of Smokeless, Fumeless ‘Coal’,” Chicago
March 8, 1970 __-
DX 103— Comparison of Coal-Fired and Nuclear Power
Piants for the TVA System, June, 1966
DX 104— Letter of October 17, 1962 from Elmer Hill te-
Barton -
DX 105— Letter of October 18, 1962 from Barton Gebhart
to Elmer C. Hill with two page attachment
DX 107— Central Station Nuclear Plants, AEC Division of
Industrial Participation, March 30, 1970 /
DX 108— AEC Release N-2, January 13, 1970, re Status
Report on U.S. Civilian Nuclear Power Plants __
DX 110— Chart entitled “U.S. Utility Orders for Electric
Generating Equipment” _ Rt
DX 111— Letters of February 19 and 22, 1968 from Rich-
ard P. Ryan, General Counsel, Humble Oil and
Refining Company to John T. Cusack =. ss —.
DX 112— Excerpt from Minutes of Meeting of Board of
4282
|
F
z
Sun Times, July 8, 1969
DX 1387— entitled “Before everyone runs out
of breath about we're doing
pollution,
something to the air,” Chicago Sun Times,
December 12, 1969
DX 138— 1969 Steam-Electric Plant Factor
1012
1015
1022
1041
- 1042
1085
1086
1087
June 26, 1969
DX 153— Article entitled Pollution !”
Chicago Sun Times, July 14, 1969
DX 154— Article entitled Cuts Use Of Coal, Re-
duces Air Pollution,” Sun Times, Novem-
ber 11, 1969
DX 155— Article entitled “8 Utilities Face Pollution Probe,”
Chicago Sun Times, November 13, 1969
DX 156— Article entitled “Clean-Air Edicts Offered In
DX 157— Article entitled “Mikva Bill Would Make Air
Pollution A Federal Offense,” Chicago Sun Times,
November 20, 1969
DX 158— Article entitled “Pollution Fight—Edison Tells
Coal Doubts,” Chicago Daily News, December 1,
1969
Street Journal, January 7, 1970
DX 160— Article entitled “Business Bulletin—A Special
Background Report On Trends In Industry And
Finance,” The Wall Street Journal, March 19,
1970
1124
1130
1184
1136
1187
1138
1139
1141
INDEX
Defense Exhibits :—Continued
DX 163— Article entitled “Commonwealth Edison Is
Allowed To Import Low-Sulphur Fuel Oil—Hickel
Says One-Year License Doesn’t Establish New
Policy; Coal Industry Fought Action,” The Wall
Street Journal, March 26, 1970
DX 164— Article entitled “The Real Meaning Of Alaskan
Oil Finds,” U.S. News & World Report, March 3,
1969
DX 165— Article entitled “Petroleum Prize—Oil Firms At
North Slope Race For Data As Giant Lease Sale
Bidding Approaches,” The Wall Street Journal,
May 2, 1969
DX 166— Article entitled “Jersey Standard Unit To Send
Oil Tanker Through Northwest Passage In Test
Run,” The Wall Street Journal, June 4, 1969 _____
DX 167— Article entitled “Three Oil Companies To Study
Feasibility Of Building First Coast-To-Coast
Pipeline,” The Wall Street Journal, July 24, 1969_
DX 168— Article entitled “Northern Natural Gas Plans
Major Canada Pipeline—Cost Of System To
Transport Canadian Gas To The U.S. Put At
About $1.4 Billion—Governtent Approval Need-
ed,” The Wall Street Journal, April 1, 1969 ____
DX 169— Article entitled “People Gas Unit Plans To Buy
Midwest Area’s First Gas From Canada,” The
Wall Street Journal, June 18, 1969 _... SS >SS
DX 170— Article entitled “Alberta Agency Backs Northern
Natural On Bid To Export Gas To U.S. Midwest,”
The Wall Street Journal, December 17, 1969 ____.
DX 171— Article entitled “Consumers Power Announces
Plans For Atomic Plant—Dow Chemical Will Be
Chief Customer Of New Facility; Cost Put At
$267 Million—Completion Is Slated In 1975,”
The Wall Street Journal, December 15, 1967 ___.
DX 172— Article entitled “Jersey Standard Joins List Of
To Make Nuclear Fuel—Subsidiary To
see: nancial ee asides a Phe ok
search Assigned To Battelle Institute,” The Wall
Street Journal, March 20, 1969
DX 173— Article entitled “In 1970: 23 Utilities Will Ask
Bids On 29 Nuclear Units,” Nucleonics Week,
January 15, 1970
DX 174— Article entitled “The Anti-Atom Nuts,” Chicago
Tribune, January 20, 1970.
DX 175— Article entitled “Consumers Power Announces
Plans For New Plant—Pumped Storage Facility
Set For 1973: Detroit Edison To Share Cost And
Output—Outlay To Total $186 Million,” The Wall
Street Journal, November 28, 1967
INDEX
Defense Exhibits :—Continued
DX 176— Article entitled “FPC Aide Again Approves Con
Edison Bid To Build Power Project; Protests
1ikely,” ‘The Wall Street Journal, August 7,
Dx 177— Article entitled “TVA Plans To Start $155 Million
Project At Raccoon Mountain—Plan Will Include
4 Reversible Pump-Turbine Units With Total Ca-
pacity Of 1.4 Million Kilowatts,” The Wall Street
Journal, January 19, 1970.
DX 178— Article entitled “Geophysics,” Time Magazine,
July 26, 1968
DX 179— Article entitled “Earth’s Own Power Source,”
Chicago Daily News, January 8 ere
DX 181— Excerpt from transcript of Hearings before the
Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, 99th Con-
Necessity.”
DX 182— Article entitled “New England Affiliation Slated
—Utiilty Concerns Plan Affiliation,” New York
Times, June 12, 1968.
DX 183— Article entitled “Boards of Iowa P&L And Iowa-
Illinois G&E Approve Merger Plan—New Entity,
Towa Energy Corp., Plans To Retire The 2 Utili-
ties’ Outstanding Preferred Shares,” The Wall
Street Journal, July 22, 1969
DX 184— Article entitled “Ayrshire Collieries Asks Bids of
5 Firms—Coal Concern Invites Offers To Pur-
chase Or Merge With It; Replies Expected Next
Month,” The Wall Street Journal, November 27,
1968
DX 185— Article entitled “Ashland Oil Plans To Buy Or
Lease Ayrshire Assets—Boards Vote Proposal
That Includes The Sale Of Coal Royalties To
Third Firm—Pact Involves $125 Million,” The
Wall Street Journal, January 22, 1969
DX 186— Article entitled Pressed say ae Sign
Merger Accord—Acqu Producer
By Metals Firm Valued At Minimum Of $626
Million—Boards And Holders To Vote,” The Wall
Street Journal, April 24, 1969
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
a,
Today, More and More Apartment Building Own-
ers Are Turning To Gas Heat. Things Stay
Cleaner Inside And Out,” Chicago Sun Times,
May 16, 1967
DX 188— Advertisement entitled “1977 The Year Our City
Died.” Philadelphia Inquirer, December 4, 1967_
DX 189— Advertisement entitled “You Can Heat 2%
Houses With Modern Oil For What It Costs To
Heat 1 House With Electricity!”
DX 190— Advertisement entitled “We're Helping Main
Street Switch To Nuclear Power.”
DX 191— Advertisement entitled “This Pollution Was
Caused By Burning Money. How Much Of It Was
Yours?” Fortune, March 1, 1968
DX 192— Advertisement entitled “What's Gas Energy
Doing To Make Industry Nice To Be Near?”
American Gas Association, Inc.
DX 193— Advertisement entitled “How Nuclear Science
pom ee fo American
DX 195— Advertisement entitled “Who Offers You 24-Hour
Plant Site Location Service On The 60-Mile IIli-
.¢, nois Shore? Peoples Gas, Of Course.” The Peoples
Gas Light And Coke Company And North Shore
Gas Company
For Complete Chicagoland Plant Site Informa-
tion,” The Peoples Gas Light And Coke Company
And North Shore Gas Company... >>>
DX 197— Advertisement entitled “The Perfect Salt Substi-
tute,” American Natural Gas Company
DX 198— Advertisement entitled “St. Louis’ Tallest Office
That Saves With Natural Gas,” American Gas
Association, Inc.
DX 200— Advertisement entitled “Natural Gas Energy
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
INDEX
Defense Exhibits :—Continued
DX 201— Advertisement “What Do You Call It?
No Matter What You Call It There’s A Lot More
Coming From Gas There's A
Produce Electricty, Cooling and Heating.” Amer-
ica Gas Association, Inc.
DX 204— Advertisement entitled Buy All Year
Gas Energy For Heating, Cooling And Electric
Boe pnd Saves $1,000 2 Month.” American
1184
1187
1188
1189
1190
xvi 3 INDEX
Defense Exhibits :—Continued
DX 213— Advertisement entitled “Texas Gas Invites You
To The Wireless House.”
DX 214— Advertisement entitled “Here’s The Story Of The
Gas Fuel Cell. It’s Electrifying.” American Gas
Association, Inc.
DX 215— “Nuclear Steam-Generation of Electricity: Its
Implication for the Future of Coal Transport by
Railway and Water,” by John C. Spychalski, JCC
Practitioners’ Journal, (July-August, 1967) __.
DX 216— “The Story of Coal,” The Petroleum Situation
(October 27, 1969 and November 28, 1969)
DX 218— Chart entitled “The Prime Interest Rate, 1928-
1968,” Chicago Daily News, December 18, 1968 _
DX 219— Letter dated March 9, 1970 from V. H. Clark,
Secretary- , Electric Energy, Inc., to
Reuben L. Hedlund _
DX 220— Letter dated June 29, 1942 from Frank F. Kolbe
to B. L. Slack
DX 221— Letter dated July 23, 1954 from Frank F. Kolbe
to Herman G. Schenck
DX 222— Letter dated June 11, 1956 from Frank F. Kolbe
to Nye F. Morehouse
DX 223— Brochure entitled “Taum Sauk, Union Electric’s
Pumped—Storage Hydro Plant.” _
DX 224— Press release, University of Chicago, January 19,
1970
DX 225— Letter dated May 25, 1960 from Ward B. Cham-
berlin, Jr., Office of Chief Counsel, General Dy-
namics Corporation to Robert A. Bicks, Acting
.. Assistant Attorney General, Antitrust Division,
Department of Justice and exhibit C thereto.
DX-227— November 1, 1968 Memorandum from R. H. In-
man to R. J. Hepburn re Freeman analysis of
Kerr Mine
DX 228— Excerpts from the Minutes of the Board of Di-
rectors of The United Electric Coal Companies
the
poena Questionnaire for the Freeman Coal Mining
Corporation
DX 230— April 18, 1970 letter from Mr. Allen Van Wyck,
Chairman of the Board of Illinois Power Company,
to Donald G. Kempf, Jr. _
DX 231— April 14, 1970 letter from K. E. Bowen, President
of Central Illinois Public Service Company, to
Donald G. Kempf, Jr.
DX 282— Brochure entitled “Low Cost Electric Power and
Dependability . . . Through MAPP”... ==»
DX 233— Brochure entitled “Mid-America Interpoo] Net-
work—MAIN”
xviii INDEX
Deposition Exhibits:
Abrahamson Deposition Exhibit 1—Front Cover of 1967
Annual Report of Wisconsin Power & Light Company___
Abrahamson Deposition Exhibit 1A—Back page of 1967
Annual Report of Wisconsin Power & Light Company__
Beck Deposition Exhibit 1—Letter to Antitrust Division,
Department of Justice, Chicago, Illinois, from C. V.
Beck dated November 14, 1968
Brazzale Deposition Exhibit 1—Document entitled “Heat-
ing Fuel Economic Analysis” for the Federal Office
Building and United States Courthouse, Chicago,
Illinois
Burton Deposition Exhibit 1—Document entitled “Solicita-
tion, Offer, and Award Contract GS-05S-4945” issued
August 1, 1967
Camicia Deposition Exhibit 1—Keystone’s Map of the Coal
Fields of the United States _
Gallagher Deposition Exhibit 3—Mineral Industry Surveys,
Bituminous Coal and Lignite Distribution, Calendar
Year 1967
Griswold Deposition it 3—Report of the Secretary of
Health, Education, aad Welfare to the Congress of the
United States enti “Air Pollution by Federal Facili-
ties” and dated January 1968
Griswold Deposition Exhibit 4—Second Report of the Secre-
tary of Health, Education, and Welfare to the United
States Congress entitled “Air Pollution Abatement by
Federal Facilities” and dated January 1969... =
Griswold Deposition Exhibit 5—Document entitled “Oper-
ating Experience with Wet-Dolomite Scrubbing” by
J. F. McLaughlin, Executive Assistant, Union Electric
Co., St. Louis, Missouri, and J. Jonakin, Products Man-
ager, Air Pollution Control Systems, Combustion Engi-
neering, Inc., Windsor, Connecticut, presented at the Air
Pollution Control Association Annual] Meeting in New
York City on June 22-26, 1969
Jensen Deposition Exhibit 12—Memorandum from Burl C.
Jensen to Mr. R. H. Inman dated June 7, 1965 _.. ____.
Jensen Deposition Exhibit 18—Memorandum from D. H.
Emling and B. C. Jensen to Mr. R. H. Inman dated June
7, 1966
Kolbe Deposition Exhibit 2—Annual Report of The United
Electric Coal Companies 1956
Kolbe Deposition Exhibit 4—Annual Report of The United
Electric Coal Companies 1958
Kolbe Deposition Exhibit 7—Annual Report of The United
Electric Coal Companies 1961
Kolbe Deposition Exhibit 12—Letter to Mr. W. B. Hillery,
unsigned, by the President dated February 27, 1957 __
Page
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1415
1416
1456
1470
1502
1519
1521
1526
1530
1582
1533
INDEX
Deposition Exhibits :—Continued
man to Mr. R. J. Hepburn dated May 10, 1961.
Kolbe Deposition Exhibit 42—Annual Report of The United
Kolbe Deposition Exhibit 51—Annual Report of The United
Electric Coal Companies 1948
Kolbe Deposition Exhibit 57—Annual Report of The United
Electric Coal Companies 1954
Kolbe Deposition Exhibit 59—Paul Weir Company Valuation
of Physical Assets of UEC as of December 31, 1959. __
Kolbe Deposition Exhibit 60—Document entitled “Regarding
Need For Additional Stripping Equipment at Fidelity
Mine” dated June 17, 1966 and signed by J. M. Morris.
Kolbe Deposition Exhibit A—Comparison between Truax-
Traer Coal Company and The United Electric Coal Com-
panies
Company, January, 1956” of Theron G. Gerow, Mining
Consultant and Engineer
Kolbe Deposition Exhibit L—Letter dated September 12,
1960 from J. M. Morris to Mr. Frank Nugent
Kolbe Deposition Exhibit N—Memorandum to Mr. R. J.
Hepburn from T. H. Latimer dated October 3, 1955
No. 2,825,064, dated July 27, 1948, entitled “Explosive
Composition, Robert W. Lawrence, Wilmington, Dela-
ware, assignor to Hercules Powder Company, Wilming-
ton, Delaware, a corporation of Delaware” acted cabana
Kolbe Deposition Exhibit T—Letter from Mr. Keane,
_ Assistant General Manager of Hercules ‘owder Com-
pany, to The United Electric Coal Companies dated
June 27, 1956
Kolbe Deposition Exhibit W-1—Letter from Frank Kolbe to
Harry LaViers dated February 25, 1958
1571
1587
1628
1629
1681
1634
1639
burn from “President” dated December 8, 1957
Heine Depouttion Exhibit X-1—Latter from RJ Hepburn
to Frank Kolbe dated November 29, 1957 __ Be
Kolbe Exhibit X-2—Memorandum from T. H
Kurtz Deposition Exhibit 9—Bituminous Coal Facts 1966. 1656
Kurtz Deposition Exhibit 10—Bituminous Coal Facts 1968. 1657
25—Memorandum from T. H.
Latimer to Mr. R. J. Hepburn dated September 25,
1964 1662
Latimer Deposition Exhibit 88—Memorandum from T. H.
Latimer to Mr. R. H. Inman dated July 19, 1966... 1664
Latimer Deposition Exhibit 48—Memorandum from T. H.
Latimer to Mr. R. J. Hepburn dated February 10, 1961. 1665
Exhibit 1—General Dynamics Proxy
17, 1959 from R. J. Hepburn to Mr. J. M. Morris .... 1678
Morris Deposition Exhibit 4—Letter from Mr. John M.
Morris to Mr. Frank Nugent dated January 10, 1966... 1680
Morris Deposition Exhibit 5—Letter from J. M. Morris to
Mr. Frank Nugent dated March 14, 1966 ..... 1682
Morris Deposition Exhibit 14—Letter dated May 3, 1965
from J. M. Morris to Mr. Frank Nugent _...........—s-—:« 1683
Morris Deposition Exhibit 31—Memorandum from R. J. Hep-
burn to Mr. J. M. Morris dated January 24,1961... _ 1686
orris
to Mr. T.
burn to Mr. J. M. Morris dated July 17,1962. —»-.1689
Tarzy to Mr J. M. Morris dated February 14, 1961.
Morris Exhibit 47—Letter from T. H. Latimer to
Mr. G. I. dated November 20, 1957
- to Mr Jebn Morn Sd hc a aie au
gent
Morris 59—Letter from G. H. Utterback
to Mr. Robert S. Overbeck dated November OT ictiniat
Morris Deposition Exhibit 60—Letter from Mr. RS.
beck to Mr. G. H. Utterback dated December 18, 1962 ___
and
Alumin Company of America dated May 8, 1965___
Morris Deposition Exhibit 62 Letter dated Septestoy if
for the effective period of the date of award through
June 30, 1968
Coal
1959 pete
Nugent Deposition Exhibit 2—Financial Freeman
Coal Corporation; Year Ended December $1,
1960
Nugent Deposition Exhibit 5—Financial Freeman
Coal Mining Corporation; Year Ended December 81,
1963 __
Nugent Deposition Exhibit Freeman
. 1718
1714
1715
. 1741
1744
1747
1750
1753
1756
INDEX
Deposition Exhibits :—Continued
Nugent Deposition Exhiibt 7—Financial : Freeman
eet oe December 31,
Nugent Deposition Exhibit 8—Financial Reports: Freeman
Coal Mining Corporation; Year Ended December 31,
1966
Nugent Deposition Exhibit 9—Financial Reports: Freeman
ee et eee Year Ended December 31,
Nugent Deposition Exhibit 11—Annual Report of the Chi-
oR ag apace desea wetter: gm Sieetinegd
ear
Nugent Deposition Exhibit 16—Advertisement of Freeman
Coal Mining Corporation in 1967 Keystone Coal Buyers
Nugent cong Exhibit 17—Advertisement of antag
Electric Coal Companies in the 1967 Keystone Coal
Buyers Manual
Nugent Deposition Exhibit 19—Advertisement of The United
Electric Coal Companies in the 1968 Keystone Coal
Buyers Manual
Nugent reg ey Exhibit 20—Advertisement of The United
Electric Coal Companies in February 1968 issue of The
Black Diamond
Nugent Deposition Exhibit 22—Letter dated February 13,
1968 from Reuben L. Hedlund to John T. Cusack re
Dividends Paid to MSC, Freeman, GD on the Stock of
UEC, January 1, 1959 to December 27, 1967_...___._
Nugent tion Exhibit 29—Annual Report of The United
Coal Companies 1964
Nugent Deposition Exhibit 35—Invitation for Tenders of
Common Stock of The United Electric Coal Companies
by General Dynamics Corporation dated October 5, 1966_
Nugent Deposition Exhibit 88—Map entitled “Shipping Coal
Mines In Illinois” prepared by Jack A. Simon, State of
Illinois, Department of Registration and Education,
State Geological Survey, dated January 1, 1966 _.._._.
Nugent Deposition Exhibit 39—Letter from Tom Tarzy to
Frank Nugent dated December 11, 1964 and Chart Show-
— Midwestern Coal Consumption by Utility Plants,
Nogsat Depstion, Eehibit «Minutes of The United
Electric Coal Companies Board of Directors Meeting
held October 28, 1960 re Capital Appropriation for UEC.
Nugent Deposition Exhibit A—Letter from Frank Kolbe to
Henry Crown dated October 9, 1956
1774
1776
1786
1793
1794
1796
1797
INDEX
Deposition Exhibits :—Continued
Pedersen Deposition Exhibit 5—United Electric Coal Com-
panies Computation of Provision for Federal Income
Taxes, Month of October 1966 and Ten Months Ended
October 31, 1966
Redard Deposition Exhibit 1—Keystone Steel and Wire Com-
ae ne te Eepietaass We Sustioe dated April 26,
1 ot
Simon Deposition Exhibit 1—Simon, J.A., An Evaluation of
Illinois Coal Reserve Estimates, 1968
1847
1381 *
WEST CENTRAL REGiGN
POWER SURYEY
1970-1999
se y
pene
A REPORT
to the FEDERAL PCWER COMATISSICN
Prepared by
THE WEST CENTRAL
REGIONAL ADVISORY CCRIMITTEE
The West Central Region comprises about one-fifth of the
conterminous United States and includes about 14% of the
population. The region is outlined on the map, Figure 1,
below.
The region extends from Lake Michigan and the Illinois-
Indiana state line on the east to an irregular line through
eastern Montana, Wyoming and western Nebraska. In the north-south
direction, the area extends from the Canadian border to an
irregular mid-continent line including most of Nebraska, northern
Missouri and all of Illinois. The West Central Region corresponds
to PPC power supply ereas 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 (excluding the Kansas
City area), 26, 27, 28 and 40.
The principal load centers are
region, and are concentrated in
Milwaukee, Minneapolis-st. Paul,
and St. Louis.
The non-coincident peak load for 1965 in the
was 24,290 megawatts and the projection
1970, 70,610 megawatts for 1980, and 13
1383
detailed in the following tabulation.
1990 of about five and one-half times
anticipated population growth of 40
used per person is expected to increase from
to 18,500 kwhr in 1990.
Pigure 2
LOAD GROWTH IN THE WEST CENTRAL REGION
(MEGAWATTS )
percent.
located in the eastern half of the
the metropolitan areas of
Omaha, Des Moines, Quad Cities
ion of the region is an area of
responding low load requirements with
West Central Region
S are 35,930 megawatts for
1,680 megawatts for 1990 as
This indicates a load in
the 1965 load compared to an
The total energy
4,800 kwhr in 1965
1965
40 (Excl .EEInc)
40(EEInc only)
Total (Non-
3, 344 (w)
6,733 (s)
2,943(s)
2, 984 (Ww)
2,471 (s)
2,529(s)
— 565 (“)
24,290
coincidental)
Total (Non-
23,920
coincidental summer season)
The task force based th
independent judgments o
forecast for the region as a whol
4,660 (w)
10,070 (s)
4,530(s)
4,280(s)
3,730(s)
3,835 (s)
735 (w)
35,930
34,830
8,510(s)
19,810(s)
9,720(s)
9,210(s)
7,160(S)
1,820 (w)
1,900 (w)
4,390(s)
7,355(S)
—233 (5)
70,610
69,780
3,680
8,070
13,255
131,680
130,240
(S) denotes summer peak
(W) denotes winter peak .
ese load projections on a
£ the util
ities in the region.
e is higher than that appearing in
pooling of the
This current
1384
the 1964 National Power Survey. As an example, the 1980 forecast
of 70,616 mw compares with the previous forecast of 61,050 mw, an
increase of about 15%. The principal reason for this increase is
the continued rapid growth in the economy and growth in utility
sales and peak loads during the period subsequent to the 1964
National Power Survey effort.
Substantial fossil fuel resources are located within the region,
with approximately 370 billion tons of recoverable coal reserves
believed to exist. Additionally, a recent report indicated
additional reserves could amount to 225 billion tons of recover-
able coal reserves in unmapped and unexplored areas. Although
the bituminous coal resources have made a considerable contribu-
tion to the supply of electric energy to date, the sub-bituminous
coal supply in Montana and Wyoming and the lignite coal reserves
in the Dakotas and Montana are receiving new attention with the
advent of unit-train transportation and improved burning tech-
nology. As a matter of interest, one county in North Dakota
contains 71 billion tons of lignite coal. This is the largest
tonnage for coal bearing counties in the nation.
The natural gas reserves in the region comprise less than 1% of
the total reserves in the United States. The crude oil and
natural gas liquid reserves approximate 2% of the total liquid
hydro carbon reserves in the United States.
The fossil fuel survey indicated that the average price of coal
f.0.b. mine has increased about 10% for coal obtained from
Illinois, the highest producing coal area in the region, during
the period 1961-1966. Rail transportation has predominated in
the movement of coal in this region, and within recent years the
cost of coal transported by rail has been reduced substantially
on selected*movements of coal shipped by unit train. During
1966 about 22% of coal for the region was shipped by unit train,
27% by rail-barge, and 11% by rail-lake.
Large investor-owned utilities are the principal suppliers of
electric energy to the major metropolitan centers in the eastern
portion of the region. Rural electric cooperatives are well
established throughout the entire region and the generation-trans-
mission type (G & T) cooperatives are functioning in Iowa,
Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota and Wisconsin. Public
agencies are the principal suppliers of electric energy in
Nebraska. The largest numbers of municipal systems in the region
are found in PSA 17 (188), PSA 28 (138), ana PSA 16 (110).
Nene. wre
1385
In the West Central Region there are 85 investor-owned systems,
261 cooperatives, two Federally-owned systems, and 701 publicly
owned systems, comprised mainly of municipal systems and public
power districts. Investor-owned companies serve 83.8 percent of
the energy requirements in the region, the cooperatives 2.6 percent
and the public agencies (other than Federal) 6.9 percent. The
Federal Government generates 6.7 percent of the electric energy
in the region, its output being sold principally to municipalities,
public power districts and cooperatives. In 1965 about 38 percent
of all the power generated by G & T cooperatives in the United.
States was produced in the West Central Region with cooperatives
in PSA 16 alone accounting for about one-half of this amount.
The five largest of the 85 investor-owned electric systems supply
nearly 60 percent of the electric loads in the region. Common-
wealth Edison Company of Chicago alone accounts for about 27 per-
cent and Union Electric Company of St Louis for about 11 percent
of the regional load. The largest municipal system in the region
is Springfield, Illinois, which had a peak load in 1967 of 170
megawatts or about one-half percent of the total regional load.
Public power districts are the principal suppliers of electric
power in Nebraska. Many towns in the state are served by
municipal systems. Some of the municipalities provide their own
generation but most obtain their power from public power districts
which carry out the principal generation and transmission functions
in the state. Public power districts and cooperatives in Nebraska
are also the principal agencies for the distribution of power.
There are no investor-owned utilities providing electric service
in Nebraska.
The Bureau of Reclamation is the marketing agency for hydro-
electric power from Federal projects located in the Missouri River
Basin. The power is marketed largely to customers having prefer-
ence under Federal Law, i.e., municipal systems, public power ,
districts and cooperatives, over a transmission network which
generally has a voltage of 230 kilovolts. Numerous wheeling
arrangements have been made by the Bureau with utilities in the
area for delivery cf power’to such preference customers.
There is a total of 1,049 electric systems serving the region.
With the exception of 71 isolated systems comprising .57% of the
total service, all the systems are interconnected and operate in
parallel with the vast majority of electric utilities in the
United States. By 1970, the interconnecting transmission system
will be overlaid with a 345 kv transmission system in the eastern
S-4
1386
half of the region and an overlaying EHV system in the western
half will have been begun. The pattern of transmission develop-
ment anticipates that the 345 kv system in the eastern half will
be substantially augmented during the 1970-1980 period and a
765 kv system will have been started. In the western half of the
region the transition to a 500 kv system will be initiated. By
1990, several east to west 765 kv transmission lines are antici-
pated with their extension through western Minnesota, the Dakotas
and the state of Nebraska at 500 kv to interconnect with the
western systems.
Consideration of probable increasing fossil fuel costs, increasing
concern for air pollution, fossil fuel transportation difficulties,
and the anticipation of relative decreasing nuclear fuel costs
with the development of fast breeder reactors have resulted in a
considerable emphasis on nuclear generating plants. Although
about 90% of the electric energy produced in the region is.
presently supplied by fossil-fuel generation, by 1990 nuclear
generating capacity is anticipated to comprise 57% of the region's
capacity. Nuclear generation is expected to supply nearly 70%
of the region's energy requirements by that time. While the
quantity of coal burned annually is indicated to increase from
51 million tons in 1966 to 69 million tons in 1975, the regional
use of coal apparently will remain relatively constant at about
65 million tons for the remainder of the study period.
Generating capacity of 79,832 megawatts is projected by 1980 to
_ supply a non-coincident summer peak of 69,780 mw with a reserve
of 15.6%. By 1990, generating capacity of 151,041 megawatts is
projected to cover a non-coincident summer peak of \W30,240 mega-
watts reflecting a reserve of 16.6%. An importation of 800 mw
of hydro pOwer from Canada is included in each of these reserve
calculations. Additional reserve of an undetermined amount exists
because of the diversity of load between utilities within the
season. About half of the 1990 capacity is shown to be in units
of 800 megawatts or larger. Generator unit size up to 2000 mega-
watts and total plant size up to 4000 megawatts are included.
There are six power pools within the region and three major
regional coordinating groups. These organizations permit the
coordination of planning of transmission and generation and the
coordination of operating these facilities. Such coordination is
made possible through the direct work of committees and task forces
comprised of representatives of individual utilities on the
pool level, and of representatives of pools and areas on the
regional level. Two offices have been established to provide
coordination of hour-to-hour and day-to day operations.
S-5
1387
Additionally, liaison established with contiguous regions pro-
vides continuity in the development of interconnections at the
boundaries of these organizations and in the operating of
mutually~affected facilities. As further coordination develops
in increasing depth, it is anticipated that a single regional
coordinating organization will evolve with the major planning
and operating responsibilities being carried on by five area-wide
groups. The interworking between these five groups then will be
coordinated within the one principal organization.
S-6
1388
INVENTORY OF FOSSIL FUEL RESOURCES
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this report is to update the 1964 National Power
Survey, Vol. II, Advisory Committee Report No. 21 on Fuels for
Electric Generation, prepared by the Fuels Special Technical
Committee.
In updating Report No. 21 we have not attempted to change or
modify the extensive and authoritative background material in
that report, which represents the best advance thinking on industry
fuel problems by some of its foremost members. Instead we have
supplemented that report where changes have occurred in the price
of fuel, the cost of transportation and methods of transport.
The West Central Region fossil fuel reserves are reported in
detail by individual counties in each state. The reserves are
tabulated by class of reserves as to whether they are “measured,”
“indicated” or “inferred” and by thickness of the coal beds.
Measured reserves are those for which tonnage was computed from
direct measurements. Indicated reserves are those for which
tonnage was computed partly from specific measurements and partly
from responsible assumptions based on available data and geologic
evidence. Inferred reserves are those for which quantitative
estimates are based on a broad knowledge of the character of the
bed or the cegion, but for which there are few, if any, actual
measurements. This detailed information on coal reserves should
be useful to system planners in selecting future sites for large
thermal power plants.
Other task force committees have prepared reports on load proj-
ections, types of generation, air pollution and nuclear power;
therefore, this report does not include information on those sub-
jects. If the reader desires information on productive capacity
of the coal industry, future projected prices of various fuels or
other related information regarding fuels, it is suggested he con-
sult the report of Puel Resources, Requirements and Costs for
Electric Generation in the Eastern United States which was pre-
pared by a committee that included representatives from the
Federal Power Commission, the Bureau of Mines and the Office of
Oil and Gas, Department of the Interior.
II-1
‘1389 :
SUMMARY
During the period 1970-1990, electric generation will be dependent
upon five basic forms of energy -- coal, gas, oil, hydro, and
nuclear. This report is concerned primarily with fossil fuels.
The availability of approximately 370 billion tons of recoverable
: Coal reserves in the West Central Region is more than sufficient
to meet the electric utilities' requirements in this region through
the year 2000. A recent report indicates additional reserves in
this region could amount to 225 billion tons of recoverable coal
reserves in unmapped and unexplored areas.! Coal, however, will
be faced with continuing pressures from other forms of energy, and
based on present trends the most significamt competition will be
from nuclear energy.
Mechanization and handling of coal at the mine will continue to
improve. Some of the new developments in underground mining in
recent years have been the use of a mobile bridge conveyor which
has increased the Productivity from a continuous miner substan-
tially, the underground push button miner, the installation of
long wall mining equipment, and the application of computer simu-
‘In determining the type of fuel to be used for electric genera-
tion a number of factors have to be reviewed and evaluated, each
of which will have a bearing on total fuel costs for any one
location. The cost of transportation, anti-air pollution devices,
lity and price of fuels, the final determination in selecting a
fuel or fuels for a particular plant must be based on the specific
facts pertinent to that plant and its location. :
A fossil fuel survey, questionnaire was sent to twenty-six
electric utilities Which consume approximately 90 percent of the
coal used for electric generation in the West Central Region. The
questionnaire inquired as to producing district, tonnage burned,
£.0.b. mine price, average BTU per lb. received, cents per million
BTU f.0.b. mine, methods of transportation used, freight rate,
haulage distance, and tonnage per shipment. 5
This survey indicated that in the period 1961-66 the average price
of coal f.0.b. mine has increased from 15.03 to 16.57 cents per
million BTU or an increase of 10.18 percent on the coal obtained !
1. Averitt, Paul, 1968 U.S. Geological Survey.
II-2
1390
in District 10. (36 million tons of 46 millions tons reported for
the region).. The average annual increase in the cost of District
10 coal in the five year period 1961-1966 amounts to 1.9 percent
per year. Due to the less significant tonnages reported in
relationship to tonnage produced, a comparison of the price in-
creases for coal obtained from other districts is not shown.
Rail transportation in the past has predominated in the movement
of coal in this region, and within recent years the cost of coal
transported by rail has been reduced substantially on selected
movements of coal shipped by unit train. Based on the 46 million
tons reported in the survey for the year 1966, approximately 10
million tons, or 21.8 percent, were shipped by unit train,
12,200,000 tons, or 26.6 percent, were shipped by rail-barge, and
5,280,000 tons, or 11.5 percent, were shipped by rail-lake. The
amount of coal shipped by conveyor and captive shuttle train
during the period 1970-1975 will increase by 11,000,000 tons ver-
sus a 7,000,000 ton increase for unit train shipments.
The average rail freight cost in the West Central Region for
coal shipments in 1966 amounted to $1.97 per ton on a tonnage of
23,500,000 tons, or approximately 46 percent of the coal consumed
in this region. The unit train freight rates reported in the
survey when compared on a basis which considers railroad owner-
ship of all equipment indicates that the mills per ton mile range
from 10.3 mills per ton mile for an 85 mile haul to 7.2 mills for
a 138 mile haul and down to 5.0 mills for a 355 mile haul.
Past projections indicated that unit train freight rates could
level out at a cost of 4 mills per ton mile for hauls between
350 miles and 600 miles.? However, no hauls of 400 to 500 miles
at 4 mills were reported. The inability of the utilities to
obtain a low@r cost than 5 mills per ton mile is partially sub-
stantiated by the fact that as of the present date between now
and 1975 approximately 10,000 megawatts of nuclear capacity is
planned or considered for installation in the West Central
Region.
In the five year period 1961-1966 the consumption of gas for
thermal electric generation increased from 0.223 to 0.260 trillion.
cubic feet or at an average annual rate of 3.11 percent compared
to a 7.73 percent average annual increase in coal consumption in
the same period. The average cost of gas for the region in the
same period increased from 25 to 25.3 cents per million BTU or by
1.2 percent. Zz
2. 1964 National Power Survey, Vol.2, Advisory Report No. 21, Pg. 338
II-3
1391
| Table A, page II-5, indicates the electric generation
by coal fired plants in the West Cehtral Region will increase
from 124.8 billion Kwh in 1970 to 155.3 billion Kwh in 1990 and
nuclear generation will increase from 17.5 billion Kwh to 489.1
billion Kwh in the same period. Table B, page II-5 indicates
coal consumption will increase from 60.4 million tons in 1970 to
65.7 million tons in .1990.
Table 1, page II-ll, lists the remaining coal reserves in the
West Central Region by percent sulfur content and approximately
72.7 percent of the reserves in the region contain 1.0 percent
or less sulfur. However, most of these low sulfur coal reserves
are located in the States of Montana and North Dakota and most
of the coal consumed in the region is obtained from the State of
Illinois.
Table 2, page II-12, indicates ‘the coal consumed for electric
generation in the West Central Region in 1966 had an average
sulfur content of 2.8 percent which is slightly more than the
2.3 percent average sulfur content of all coal consumed by the
electric utilities in the United States.
The growing demand for air pollution abatement regulations has
contributed to a major shift from the use of coal for electric
generation to nuclear energy. In the West Central Region in 1966
approximately 72 percent of the electric generation was produced
in coal fired plants and 1 percent by nuclear plants. Present
projections illustrate that by 1990 approximately 22 percent of
the electric generation in the region will be produced in coal
fired plants and 70 percent ‘by nuclear plants.
The natural gas reserves in the West Central Region as of
December 31, 1966 amounted to 1.33 trillion cubic feet or less
than one percent of the total reserves in the United States.
Based on the projected United States cumulative natural gas
requirements for the period 1966 to 1990 of 680 trillion cubic
feet the reported reserves of this region could supply only 0.20
percent of these requirements.
The oil consumption in the West Central Region represented less “
than one percent of the total fuel consumption for the region.
The crude oil and natural gas liquid reserves in the region amount
to 0.813 billion barrels or approximately 2 percent of the total
liquid hydrocarbon reserves in the United States.
In the State of Illinois as of July 1, 1965, the latest revised
estimates of coal remaining in the ground totaled 140,700 million
II-4
emi@— = em — el —
mt —
—m.. i. mm i. mm lL mm. tL. —m -1L
me (678 nw oe s me a we ua
no eS “9 2 2.8 1 2 $4
nmr
reece
fi
: Yalil i
i
.
Fuel quantities tm eiliiens of tone of coal, barrele of off and MCT «f gas.
1893
tons in reserves, of which 63,900 million tons are classed as
measured and indicated and 76,800 million tons as inferred, all
of which is of bituminous rank. The reserves are well distri-
buted over an area of 38,000 square miles or 67 percent of the
State's area in 78 counties of the 102 counties in Illinois... The
minimum thickness of coal considered in preparing this estimate
was 28 inches, except for areas of strippable coal where an
average thickness of 18 inches was used.
Coal seams in Illinois are at depths ranging from a few feet to
several hundred feet below the surface. Ages ago, the coal
bearing formations were downfolded into a huge spoon-shaped basin
centered in the southeastern part of the State. As a result, the
beds minable by underground methods lie at the center of the
basin while along the outer rim in a total of 40 counties, approx-
imately 19,000 million tons of strippable coal lie near enough to
the surface to be recovered by strip mining.
Tonnage figures alone, however, cannot demonstrate the full
importance of Illinois coal reserves. The thickness of the beds
is also extremely important since this aspect has a bearing on
mining methods and, therefore, Productivity. Most of the remain-
ing coal reserves are in coal beds thick enough to permit
effective mechanical mining.
The estimated original coal reserves of Iowa total 7,236 million
short tons, of which 3,500 million tons are classed as measured
and indicated reserves and 3,735 million tons are classed as
inferred. A total area of about 1,316,040 acres in 37 counties
was included in the reserve calculations; an additional area of
about 1,291,830 acres in 44 counties is indicated by the currently
available information to be favorable for the presence of coal
beds more than 14 inches thick. The total recorded coal produc-
tion of Iowa through 1963 is about 356 million tons. Assuming
that for each ton of coal produced another ton has been made
unrecoverable, the remaining reserves of the State are about
6,524 million tons.
Past estimates of the coal resources of Iowa were highly general-
ized and were based solely on an assumed total area underlain by
coal of potential economic interest and on an assumed average
thickness of coal within that area. The estimate of Campbell and
Parker (1909), the most frequently quoted, of 29,160 million tons
included coal 14 inches or more thick in an area of 12,560 square
miles. The present detailed estimate by Landis (1965) is smaller
than the older generalized estimates and covers a much smaller
area. This estimate of Iowa coal reserves is on a bed-by-bed
II-6
1394
original reserve basis. The ratio is about one-fourth as ‘much
reserves in about one-sixth as much area.
About one-third of Missouri is underlain by bituminous coal-
bearing strata, and coal has been mined in 55 of the 63 counties
in which it occurs. Coal deposits occur in an area of some 24,000
square miles extending northeastward across the State from Jasper
County to Clark County. The estimated original coal reserves of
Missouri total 23,977 million tons.
In the years since the Hinds (1912) estimate of 79,393 million
tons was made, stratigraphic studies have indicated that many of
his correlations of coal beds were in error and that the persis-
tence in thickness which he assumed cannot be demonstrated in
many localities. Coal beds thin and thicken from one area to
another and in many instances in very short distances. An addi-
tional factor of considerable importance in the area north of the
Missouri River is that glacial drift-occupies the position of
coal beds in many places. Details of this relationship can be
established only by drilling or mining but, in general, consider-
able areas are affected.
A re-evaluation of Missouri's original (before mining) coal
resources was made by Searight (1966) on a county-by-county basis.
Current information does not support the large resources indicated
by Hinds, and these have consequently been adjusted downward. In
some noe ca only 10 percent of the previous estimate has been
reta » and others have been cut to as little as one percent of
the earlier estimate. The total tonnage represented in the present
estimate of 23,977 million tons is less than one-third that of
1912 estimate figures. The total cumulative tonnage mined in the
period 1840 through 1967 has been approximately 313 million tons.
The coal réfaining is, therefore, estimated to be approximately
23,335 million tons.
The original coal reserves of Montana total 222,047 million tons
as estimated by Combo and others (1949). This estimate includes
2,363 million tons of bituminous coal, 132,151 million tons of
subbituminous coal, and 87,533 million tons of lignite. The
reserves were estimated according to standard procedures of the
U.S. Geological Survey with several minor exceptions as follows:
for bituminous coal the thickness categories used were 14 to 24
inches, 24 to 36 inches, and more than 36 inches, instead of the
standard categories of 14 to 28 inches, 28 to 42 inches, and more
than 42 inches, which were established after the Montana work was
underway. For subbituminous coal and lignite standard categories
of 24 to 5 feet, 5 to 10 feet, and more than 10 feet were used.
II-7
Pie ae
-1395
The Montana coal fields cover 35 percent of the total area of the
State. Reserves are present in 35 out of 56 counties, but are
concentrated largely in the Fort Union region and the Powder River
Basin in the eastern part of the State. Big Horn, Powder River,
and Rosebud Counties alone contain more than half the total in
the State. For the past several years considerable exploration
has been conducted by mining and petroleum companies and currently
(April 1967) revised estimates indicate the presence of deposits
of strippable reserves totaling about 8 billion tons.
The original lignite reserves of North Dakota, as estimated by
Brant (1953), total 350,910 million tons of which 9,522 million
‘tons are classed as measured, 50,120 million tons as indicated,
and 291,268 million tons as inferred. The reserves were estimated
according to the standard procedures of the U.S. Geological Survey.
All the lignite included in the estimate. is less than 1,200 feet
below the surface and about 70 percent of the total reserves are
less than 500 feet below the surface.
The reserves are well distributed over an area of 28,000 square
miles in 23 counties in the western half of the State. Of several
counties with large reserves, Dunn County is conspicuous in
containing 71 billion tons or about one-fifth of the State total.
This is also the record reserve at for coal-bearing counties
in the United States.
The original lignite reserves of South Dakota, as estimated by
D. M. Brown (1952), total 2,033 million tons, all of which is
less than 1,000 feet below the surface. The reserves were esti-
mated according to standard procedures of the U.S. Geological
Survey. The lignite reserves are concentrated in six counties
in the northwestern part of the State. Harding County contains
nearly 84 percent of the estimated reserves, but most of past
production has been obtained from Dewey and Perkins Counties.
II-8
1396
INVENTORY OF FOSSIL FUEL RESOURCES
During the period 1970-1990; electric generation will be depen-
dent upon five basic forms of energy -- coal, gas, oil, hydro,
and nuclear. This report is concerned primarily with fossil fuels.
The availability of approximately 370 billion tons of recoverable
coal reserves in the West Central Region as shown in Figure 1 and
listed in Table 1 are more than sufficient to meet the electric
utilities’ requirements through the year 2000. Coal, however,
will be faced with continuing pressures from other forms of energy,
and based on present trends the most significant competition will
be from nuclear energy.
In determining the type of fuel to be used for electric genera-
tion a number of factors have to be reviewed and evaluated, each
of which will have a bearing on total fuel costs for any one
location. The cost of transportation, anti-air pollution devices,
storing, handling and disposing of the fuel product are economic
factors which can make a low cost fuel the most expensive fuel.
Therefore, while a general picture can be drawn of the availability
and price of fuels, the final determination in selecting a fuel or
fuels for a particular plant must be based on the specific facts
pertinent to that plant and its location.
During the past twenty years the coal industry has contributed a
great deal to the stability of fuel prices. Mechanization of the
mines has enabled the industry to either reduce or at least main-
tain within reasonable limits the price of its product, in spite
of continuing increases of over-all price indexes. During the
period 1970-1990 it is expected that there will be continuing
improvement in the mechanization and handling of coal at the mine.
Some of thenew developments in underground mining in recent years
have been the use of a mobile bridge conveyor which has increased
the productivity from a continuous miner substantially, the under-
ground push-button miner, the installation of long wall mining
equipment, and the application of computer simulation techniques.
Although coal is available in sufficient quantities in the West
Central Region to supply the entire energy requirements of the
electric utilities in this region, competition will determine the
extent to which coal will penetrate each market.
Ii-s
- 1897
temperature to 86°F. Cooling towers are included in the design
of two large nuclear plants presently under construction in anti-
cipation of state agency temperature limitations of 86°F. for
mixed water or 5° over ambient. Capital costs for cooling facili-
ties to date are estimated at $10,000,000 for plants totaling
2700 megawatts,
One utility in the area is constructing a 20 megawatt plant utili-
zing @ recently developed air cooled condenser. This plant is to
be a prototype for larger plant installations now under considera-
tion. Because this type of facility eliminates the need for large
quantities of cooling water, it may provide greater freedom in the
siting of moderate size generating facilities.
In addition to state and local agencies, the Air Quality Act of
1967 introduces a new factor. The Secretary of Health, Education,
and Welfare is to designate air quality regions and issue criteria
and control technology documents. The governors of states
involved will have approximately nine months to draw up standards
acceptable to HEW and another six months to establish a method of
control for the region. Additional research and development of
control technology is being funded under the Air Quality Act, but
to date the control strategies commercially available to the
utilities are largely the use of Pprecipitators and high stacks.
The concern of Wisconsin companies for proper and effective
control of air and water pollution has been expressed by the
formation of an active task force on air and water criteria.
This task force, which is sponsored by the Wisconsin Utilities
Association, has been working with the Wisconsin State Department
of Natural Resources to provide the Department with data/on the
onsin utilities. It is hoped that the results of these studies
will provide the industry with knowledge that can be used to
Properly assess the degree and consequence of water and air pollu-
The problem of air pollution weighs heavily in the choosing of
generation sites, the type of fuel used, the capital costs of
equipment to maintain acceptable conditions, and ultimately on
what the cost to the customer will be. The future will remain
uncertain until air quality and emission standards are defined
more clearly and equipment for reducing sulfur emissions is deve-
loped and becomes available commercially.
| Ge Se.
III-6
1398
oer?
COORDINATED PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
I. Structure of the Industry
Fifty-one interconnected systems currently generate approxi-
mately 95% of the energy consumed through electric utility
service in the West Central Region. Table I below provides
1967 data as to number and size of these major utilities in
the various ownership segments of the industry. This group
generally can be described as consisting of those systems
providing virtually all of the high voltage system facilities
in this region.
Table I
Non-Coinci- Energy
Type of dental Peak Gen Cap Prod
Qwnership Utilities Load (Mi) _ (M4) (1000 MyH)
Investor-owned 25 22 954 26 032 118 566
Rural electric Gs?
cooperatives 19 1 657 1 382 5 646
State 6 1 461 1 120 4 226
Pederal ~ jl} 746 2 048 9 692
51 26 818 30 582 138 130
1967 load and capacity data for the individual major utilities
in each ownership segment are shown in Appendix A.
In addition to these major utilities there are about 1000
other utility entities involved in generation and/or distri-
bution of electric energy. These are identified as to type
of ownership, size and general location in Appendix B.
Iv-1
II.
13899
Trends in the Development of Coordination Mechanisms
At present, nine coordinating organizations function within
the region as follows:
Wisconsin Public Service Corporation-Wisconsin
Power and Light Company-Madison Gas and Electric
Company Pool
Wisconsin-Upper Michigan Systems
Illinois-Missouri Pool
Iowa Pool
Mid-America Interpool Network
Mid-Continent Area Power Planners
Missouri Basin Systems Group
Nebraska Public Power System
Upper Mississippi Valley Power Pool
Coordination areas of these organizations are shown in
Figures 1-3. Appendix ¢ presents first a brief summary and
then detailed information on each body and its structure,
purposes, and activities.
It' is emphasized that there are no particular discontinuities
in the pattern of interconnections at the boundaries of these
organizations. Numerous other interconnection agreements and
inter-relations exist that Provide mechanisms for liaison and
continuity in coordination across the region as demonstrated
by the examples enumerated below:
1. MAIN and MAPP have overlapping membership with
eight utilities being members of both of these
organizations. This liaison arrangement is
deemed particularly desirable for close co-
ordination in planning and operation along the
recently completed Twin Cities-Mi lwaukee-Chicago-
St Louis-Twin Cities 345 kv loop. Operation of
this loop and all other interconnecting trans-
mission lines, and those otherwise mutually
affected, is provided through established opera-
ting committees, through system simulation
Operating studies, and through continuous liaison
between the respective coordination offices. The
studies consist of current year Operating studies,
transfer capacity studies, and extreme disturbance
studies. The areas of coordinated planning are
handled through the planning arms of each of the
organizations. Much of the Planning is based upon
Iv-2
the aggregate load and capability forecasted and
includes not only consideration of new facilities
s but also the future use of the interconnecting
transmission facilities and power transactions to
effect optimal use of generating equipment.
2. MAPP and MBSG liaison on projects of mutual interest
is handled through the Intersystem Coordinating
Committee. This committee was established by the
respective organizations in 1965. Prior to the
establishment of the MAPP Coordination Office and
the associated Coordinating Committee, the Inter-
system Committee organized an interim task force
to review relay operating practices to assure that
relaying of mutual interest would provide a relia-
ble operation. Progress has been slow in the area
.of joint planning of transmission and generation
and the committee itself has recently proposed
that its parent organizations reconsider its
membership and better define its responsibilities
in the interest of improving progress.
3. .All members of the Iowa Pool and UMVPP belong to
the MAPP organization and have thereby broadened
their capabilities in the traditional pooling
activities of coordinated planning of generation
and transmission, including power transactions, and
coordinated operation of generation and transmission
including short and long term maintenance scheduling,
economy energy interchange, voltage profiles, auto-
matic under-frequency load shedding, and dispatching
procedures. This broadening comes about through the
overview afforded in considerations. of the Planning
Committee which is geographic in its representation
and through participation in the Coordinating Com-
mittee associated with the Coordination Office.
4. All members of the Wisconsin Power Group and Illinois-
Missouri Pool belong to the MAIN organization.
5. MAPP-MAIN-UMVPP-Iowa Pool liaison, together with
USBR participation in the MAPP Coordination Center,
has resulted in development of an extensive tele-
type communication system permitting broad area
coordination on day to day operating matters.
The area is presently served by three teletype
Iv-3
Se
1401
systems, all of which employ rented telephone
company facilities. Cost sharing varies in each
of the three systems ranging from equal shares to
formulas using both number and size of systems
- involved, Teletype stations are located in the
dispatching offices of the participating systems
and the coordination centers. Use is limited to
exchange of operating information and weather
information.
The present systems are:
MAIN 15 terminals - 5 in Wisconsin, 4 in
Illinois - 2 in Minnesota (MAPP & NSP),
2 in Missouri (UE & AEC), 1 in Little
Rock, Arkansas (SCEC) 1 in Canton, Ohio
(AEP ECAR)
UMVPP. 10 terminals - 1 in North Dakota, 1 in
South Dakota, 6 in Minnesota, 1 in
Wisconsin, 1 in Iowa
USBR 1 in South Dakota
IOWA POOL 10 terminals - 2 in Minnesota (MAPP &
NSP), 7 in Iowa, 1 in St Louis,
Missouri (UE)
The UMVPP and Iowa Pool systems will be replaced in
April 1969 by one MAPP system containing 25 terminals.
This will include the present terminals plus new
terminals for other MAPP members and adjacent utili-
ties. The system will be comprised of 2 terminals
in North Dakota, 6 terminals in Minnesota, 2 in
Wisconsin, 2 in South Dakota (including USBR), 8 in
Iowa, 2 in Nebraska (OPPD and CPPD), and 3 in
Missouri (UE, St Joseph L&P and KCP&L). The MAPP
system will utilize 100 wpm teletypes under the
contraql of an automatic polling device located in
the MAPP Center. All transmission will be by
punched tape except during emergencies when an
emergency override will permit manual transmission.
Cost sharing will be according to a formula intended
to recognize size of systems, mileage between adja-
‘cent terminals, and benefits accruing equally re-
gardless of size. ’
Iv-4
IIi.
1402
6. As planning of Specific facilities reaches a
point in progress where the coordinating organi-
zation is agreed on the basic function and design,
the participating utilities are represented on a
number of task forces having responsibility for
design, contractual arrangements, and use. The
Projections of as so Requirements
The following discussi £ possible future organizational
fifty-one systems identifiea in Section I as providing 95%
of the electric service in the region. It is, of course,
recognized that corporate consolidations will very likely
reduce the number of separate entities in the future. How-
ever, there is no basis for Predicting the specific patterns
or timing such consolidations may follow other than a general
reference to those already announced to be under study.
By 1970, MAPP intends to increase the coordination among the
various parts of the MAPP organization, including the Iowa
Pool, the UMVPP, and its Nebraska members by developing a
super-pool agreement. This consolidation will result in
these five sub-regional systems remaining as workable co-
ordinating entities within the West Central Region:
Commonwealth Edison Company
Eastern Wi8consin Utilities (including the
Upper Peninsula) _ >
Illinois-Missouri Pool (including Central
Illinois Light Company)
Mid-Continent Area Power Planners
Missouri Basin Systems Group
Each of these systems will exercise primary responsibility
for planning and operation within their area, particularly
with respect to economic matters.
With regard to reliability-oriented coordination, MAIN would
continue with its present inter-pool operation in the eastern
part of the region. Reliability-oriented coordination for
the western portion of the region is expected to be provided
by the recently executed Mid-Continent Area Reliability Co-
ordination Agreement either expanded to include MBSG members
Iv-5
. eR me a ——_— _—
1403
or through liaison arrangements with a separate MBSG
reliability group.
Future patterns of generation and transmission developments
prepared by the WCRAC contemplate 765 kv and 500 kv trans-
mission lines across the region in the 1980's. These lines
will provide capacity for meaningful power exchanges on a
region-wide basis and also inc se the interdependency
among systems, particularly with "respect to reliability. It
is therefore proposed that a single West Central Reliability |
organization be established by 1980. In view of the large
number of systems involved, manageability considerations
y dictate an interpool-type organization such as MAIN with the
five above-identified area systems as members...
The foregoing material relating to future coordination
patterns has been presented at meetings of the MAIN, MAPP
and MBSG organizations in an effort to solicit views of
utilities not represented on the WCRAC.
IV. Problems and Solutions
Operation of an electric power system is a complex matter
involving the consideration of innumerable electrical elements
and many people. Taken as a whole, the configuration changes
from season to season, from day to day, and from hour to hour.
To operate all of the interconnected electrical systems within
a region in a truly coordinated manner becomes a tremendously
complex matter requiring knowledgeable people, the necessary
equipment and communications for the required overview, and of
equal importance a strong desire on the part of all of those.
so engaged. That this coordination.can be accomplished, and
must be accomplished, is fully appreciated and has been taken
on as a challenge of considerable substance by the utilities
in this region.
It is recognized that the true strength of the operation is
in the local knowledge of each area's needs and the resources
available to supply these needs. The requirement then is for
a coordinating effort which will supply the involvement neces-
sary to do the job but which will not unnecessarily interfere
in operations that can be adequately handled locally. Further-
more, it cannot be expected that a coordinating effort can be
arbitrarily overlaid on the existing operation. Instead a co-
ordination evolution is required which will gradually develop
the capability of the coordinating organization and, in turn,
the confidence of the participating systems with a resultant
Iv-6
ee
- 1404
growing. willingness to accept the decisions and judgement of
the coordinating personnel and to encourag® their efforts.
Within the West Central Region there are variations in the
nature of systems and load densities across the region pro-
ducing differences in coordination problems and requirements.
Por examplé, a relatively few systems along the eastern edge
of the region (Eastern Wisconsin Utilities, Commonwealth
Edison, and the Ill-Mo Pool) generate almost 60% of the
region's requirements while serving 15% of its area. As a
result, pooling and interconnection arrangements appropriate
for this area are markedly different than those applicable
to the large number of systems serving the remainder of the
region. Many types of utilities are represented with varying
characteristics including that of size and of financing within
the major groupings. Because of the hour-to-hour vital need
to have a reliable operation, the coordinated operation of
these systems has proven to be an endeavor not significantly
affected by this dissimilarity. In the area of planning.
substantial strides have been made in coordinating planning
of both generation and transmission. As previously noted,
only MAPP and MBSG have yet to fully coordinate their efforts.
This situation is recognized by both organizations and is
under active consideration. -
Interregional Coordination
There are two formal arrangements for interregional coordina-
tion identified as such. These are the liaison arrangement
between MAIN and ECAR, and MAIN and MAPP membership in the
National Electri¢™Reliability Council. Beyond these there
are numerous bilateral interconnection agreements and other
established channels for coordinated planning and operation
with electric systems in adjacent regions.
The USBR hac membership in both the Western Systems Coordina-
tion Council (WSCC) and the MAPP Coordination Committee and
MAPP operating representatives attend WSCC operating meetings.
These arrangements, along with these inherent within the USBR,
provide liaison with the west lying region.
™“
Some multi-system coordination activities involving other
regions are: The MIIO Agreement among Commonwealth Edison
and five major utilities in Indiana and Michigan, which, ;
among other returns, resulted in system performance studies
in ¢epth which included Commonwealth Edison Company as a
participant and enveloped the eastern portion of this region.
Iv-7
1405
The Twin Cities-Kansas City 345 kv Coordinating Agreement -
among four MAPP members and Kansas City Power and Light
Company and St Joseph Light and Power Company in the South
Central Region, which provides for the exchange of power
and energy with the aim of optimizing the utilization of
generation and bettering reliability. And the East-West
Tie Closure Task Force, which was formed for the express
purpose of studying the feasibility of and the procedures
for closing the Bureau of Reclamation ties between the
eastern and western portions of its Missouri River Basin
systen, and hence interconnecting the western region systems
to the remainder of the U.S. interconnected systems.
The Manitoba HyGro Electric Board, although not yet inter-
connected with United States systems, participates in plan-
ning activities through its membership in the MAPP organiza-
tion. As a result, negotiations for the 1970 construction
of a Winnipeg-Grand Porks 230 kv interconnecticn have now
been completed and construction and operating contracts
signed. This interconnection will have a capacity of about
200 mw although it is being initially regarded as having a
nominal 100 mw capacity for purpose of scheduling power and
energy. This interconnection will provide Manitoba Hydro
with interconnected operation with the U.S. syetems, will
make unnecessary the construction of thermal capacity, will -
provide a market for future excess power and energy, and will
provide a source of energy during dry years. For the U.S.,
& power supply will be provided which is diversified in the
source of the power and has prompt availability. The seasonal
load diversity will permit mutually advantageous seasonal
power exchanges and the reliability on either side of the
boundary will be improved from the improved diversity overall. >
No unusual problems have been encountered in its planning
even though the facility is being installed by such diverse
interests as two investor-owned utilities and one G & T
cooperative on the U.S. side, and by a Canadian Crown Corpora-
tion on the Canada side. Peasibility studies for a second
230 kv interconnection between Manitoba and the Garrison,
North Dakota area are scheduled to be undertaken jointly by
Manitoba Hydro and a number of MAPP and MBSG members.
MOTE: Boundaries indicate general areas and do not necessarily
include all systems within an area.
=
Pigure 1
Iv-9
1410
SSS
1411
.
1724 RAILWAY EXCHANGE eLDG.
ie Pe. coos
> pfewren«
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"| ke* 35 t96e
dy § BF Ls Izsty
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Ss
le CONVEAT Two $0,002 #[MR BomeRS WHICH AKE STOKER
FiRe> AT PResanT To Burn EITHER GAS OR ON.
2. IST A¥o,000 THEREMS@ 622 f/THERM, BALAWME @ S-2¢ -
ADD OS¢/rHernM, Pur cnase Gis ADJUSTMENT AND
-SH¥Jo CITY UTMITy TAx-
3 MAG On 16 0.46% SuULPHVR MAX,
|
2
¢;
rua.
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(Humber) — 2eu,200 |
a. com (Por ton delivered im Bin) .
s. os Rer. Pag
50. cae c. om len delivered ia tank. ig ‘Tm
©. onae
12. we a. OTe PER oT OF EL
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&. mectc rove Bo2o37T roe
4. Se °. Stam soe ¥ ‘) axa 237
> gad 6. pwwins on (STM. Te 4 ce re Zsa-
&. SEPRECIATION & INTEREST (8% of Line ° = = £722") fe =
- 4. oman (Specs ty) .
BF AOIRE wpm wh eee bos Ib] 30022) {5 b20= lI 10 259 |n2¥se 2
1 woe suLecteD — ~— ,
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SPECIAL AND SUPPPLEMENTAL PROVISIONS
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
een te nares Feed See ree Cae Tee
vision, to use the Contracts listed herein
E
¢
QUOTATIONS: (a) As used in this schedule the term
“F. O. B. Mine (cars)” means
:
at
;
unit price. A price quoted ; i
out explanation or qualification shall mean free
cars at the mine. (b) Whether or not this schedule
shows that bids on any item are invited on
of F. O. B. cars destination or delivered-into-bins at desti-
nation the bidder may submit such bids, indicating in the
item the basis thereof. In connection with a delivered-in-
to-bin destination quotation, the bidder- shall state the
truck loading point.
Awards will be made on either an F. O. B. mine
(shipment to be made on Government Bills of Lading,
or on commercial documents to be converted to
243
—_
sa
84
se
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|
2
7
KEYSTONE'S MAP OF THE Cdl
_ KEYSTONE COAL BUYERS MANUAL
wv
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ite : Hee I Hf
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it q fits ue lj i! ste hi i fi
CALENDAR YEAR OF 1967 (cont.)
aces eee ee
(In Thousand net
Re te See
| 2a ey
| e2.... ne
| Bea
F°RHG GES" g,,
’ ee a
DISTRICT OF ORIGIN 1
aaa 88. gea88 Zz
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TABLE I « DISTRIBUTION OF BITUCINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE PRODUCED IN THE UNITED STATES DURING THE CALENDAR YEAR OF 1967 (cont. )
Net Tons)
? GR ta ovis a2: SOP ites
ET es ne ar he ae
1 TGR aR re Si $E.8% an
a ON a> ie
S| trees weeee Lt Si
“t siemeerea 7.
i mes oe
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BE feesk seses — 7
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ee Th 1 i, ia hla,
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1424
o| S879 pe sg RE © =< eng FE
DISTRICT OF ORION y
1
=o ————
S ER* 6 RP 86." BAR: .z... a4
= ——
3 S58 ARSE 58". q g.°8 Bg.e Sa ge Re I”
3 and 6 4
9 gt OP cede © eee seeee s*eeeer 2 "8
& 278 $875 22,~ B &..8 $8.3 BZ..8 2 aR
SAL AD LIONITE PRODUCED IN THR UNITED STATES DURING THE CALENDAR YEAR OF 1967 (cont .) (In Thousand Net Tons)
PAE ie Te
yh ii UF ue i i
i ey Hii Li He
See footnotes at end of table.
MEM R GEER
ri s a .§32 R22 8,8, ee sees
“= R Rese Hay aaa" 6 oka
di tt dally
del: dy i 7
“fee it it nt
SABLE I - DISTRIBUTION OF BITUCINOUS COAL AND LIONITE PRODUCED IN THE UNITED STATES DURIND THE CALENDAR YEAR OF 1967 (cont.) (In Thousand Net Tons)
’ 1 a r ‘
94.9% $6, 2 $85. R gS" £73% ommm
Dan DB
28.7 99.7 99. 2 AME G89! BE. en.
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1427
i
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4
ee
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M4 | SS
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See footnotes at end of table.
] [gel =
| esas Ps eres
| Feast
: “Ris 836° 2 amin .. § 9.a8 88.58
~ ee an OF 3 nr DA |
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ae “7 <—s
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i
OTATES DURING THE CALENDAR YEAR OF 1967 (cont.) (In Thousand Net Tons)
tee vhs M2 .. GRP. aR
ag.8f move SRG SES TATRA 88.8
Aa ae oe
[=o Ps
° Sa: e.8,. = ., & 8888 87H? RRATE
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iaRes 7,3 i 4 HERE
eae sieges
aye erases 1 ca meets 5
peaeeanety. 9540 SS ee POS ly
ROPER AES. QOSH 99 F GREE AEA TAN
ee
hale ah i ab al al
| i ids jitia lls fii hk ita gilda
13
Bee footnotes at end of table.
I: ij hoe .
hue i hy, dieu, 1 a
Ae a it
Pe ee ee ee | Pe a 0 |
OE ete be eel Go a ne
5 n AR AA RAAN
8 v ofa R89 Bg. K anny 88.28 § $,.88 SSPe nanny 1,8
a 3 WA AA AARAN
- & FABRE REFRS R38RR 2 SAAR ATF Wy RORY
2 Lal /"s « a «a
a...
: iTR ges 5, Re R898 8 RB, gS
5
é Fis ef..." $8 93.88 0.000, q2.89
fi
8.
is
g
:
8
5
§
a
DISTRIBUTION OF BITUMTICL
COAL AND LIONITE PRODUCED IN THE UNTTED @TATES DURING THE CALENDAR YEAR CF 1967 (cont. )
(In Thousand Net Tons)
1431
tude Thauhakas beans $:2..982.8 .... 0000.
DISTRICT OF ORIGIN 1/
17
ip i
.
~~
~
a
i a a i ae dn}
hy i
:
:
Bee footnotes at end of table.
1432
ar FE F&
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1433
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F | |e
; TE SE BES rec ceree eee ees
* \ BB. i
Hb il 3 i 3 [i Ll 4 :
: pee ar Hi fh i | iy i
i hie ah His i FEE (lik ate iq jis .
1434
-~ . & »- ae .*
&
§
% an
é RR. AR
Pel
e let_
z 8
a
_& ”
a
:
5 ,
(|) =i ee
: - |
s | 8 i
B a B :
2 —
E a u
3
i i
See footnotes at end of table.
4a dae!
ee
idk fl ve Hae
se
62
00g
62
sz
_ l6z
00g
x62
; * “a Ses4tTI9N OF2200TE
- - . 18703 ‘peoztyer
eyeatad pue ‘s0feauco ‘Aermesy
\(penutquoo) ‘yanoeetn
“OL TE
a 1 n st at
/t wYOTEO 40 Lorureta
(suo, 20% puwenogy UI)
(*9009) 196T 40 UVEX BVONMFTVO HL ONTUNd SALVIS GAIN FHL MI AIONGOUd ALINOIT GNV TVOO SNONIWNLIG 40 MOTINGTUISIC - I FIVE
1436
“@TQ2 JO pe 48 Se;0U;00; seg
a se
Lt OST
Se
re
8.8 oom GES RTE
a eed ft eee
a
SP
Ҥ BRA REAPS Gee GETS B BOn E
nw
BR SB° RS
nw 4°
228 8 &
30
SOTIFTIIN OF2300TR
19909 ‘TIe4-TIV
SOTattran oT4300TE
tQUeMeACw JO Spo”ujem
T8103 ‘st A
920490 TIV
S10TVOD TIEI0"
SOTITTIIN OF4z00TE
T2203 ‘TIe4-TIV
SOTITTHIN OTT200TE
$qUemeAC™ JO Spoyrem TTY
T7103 ‘wTQUMTOD JO 49T230T0
#20420 TIV
S19TVOP TTI0"
S2TITTIIN OF2900TH
Te704 ‘Hons
equvTd sw? pus eq09
SOTITIFIN OF2700TE
18909 ‘se7BAePTL
#20470 TTV
Si9T VOD TI8I88
squvTd sw? pus e709
SOTITTIIM OF1Q09TE
10203 ‘TIBI-TTV
SOTITTHIN OF1900TE
tqusmeACM JO Spoyzem TTV
Te109 ‘pueThzey PUY oreAUTOd
SPaWNTIV aang
cz
ny 2T
tw
oT 6 “ @ . L " 9 puss 2 tT
A MIOTHO 40 LOIuLera
WoL
NOLLVMILS3d 40 ZVI
MOISIAIC OIBdVuoOsD
(suoL Ve puvenoyy ur)
(*3000) 1o6T 40 UVEX UVOMFIVD FHI ONTUN SUIVIS CALINN FHL MI GaONGOUd ALINOTT GNV TVOO SMONIWMNIIG 40 NOI INGIUISIC - I FIGVL
.1437
*@TQR2 JO pus 48 80303003 eeg
Coal
i
nim § BAB HBAS
na
mr
HS..9 23.78
4
ee" @ REE RRR $8.7 5,58
0's
SLE‘t 16669 619'¢
a)
RS REARS
Fira)
a qos
geRag S85
a8 4 GENE 2
”
~
%
#20490 TLV
S20 vep Th¥I9"d
SOFIFTHIN OF.1900TR
T1009 "Ties-TIV
-e2047° ITV
S10T Voy Th939u
SOTIFTIIN OF4900T"
sqUeueACW JO SpO"iey TTY
Te102 ‘BUTTOZeD YAO"
e2eqn0 IlV
SOTITTEIN OF2900TR
Te203 ‘peosties
eqeatad puw ‘sofeauoo ‘fencesy
SOFITTIIN OF2900TR
Te207 ‘Honay
s2ey7° TIV
SseTeep Tree"
equetd sud puw 0409
SOTITTEIN OF4900TT
18909 ‘aeaya-xe puw s0aty
SOTITTIIN OF .00T"
T3909 ‘Thet-TIV
SOTITTIIN OF4900TR
Squewencw JO Spourew TIV
19204 SwpUTPzy, 380%
ww
ot 6 9 L
2 |omes| 2
A toro 40 Lorvista
(su0y 49m pussnoyy UI)
(*2009) 1961 40 VEX UVOMTIVD Bil OMLUNG SAILS CAJINN FHL MI GONGOUS ALINOII AMV TVOD SMOMIMNIIE 40 MOLINMIUISIC - I TIeVL
a
"9 ay ey
=~ =
bad ne
>
3
BS aged .. & Gga8
= 7
». RA A a2 a, eee eeee os
DISTRICT OF ORIGIN 1,
“uw NAN Ft WN
TABLE I - DISTRIBUTION OF BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIONITE PRODUCED IN THE UNITED STATES DURING THE CALENDAR YEAR OF 1967 (cont.) (In Thousand Net Tons)
3 and 6
North Carolina, (continued) «
Truck, total
Retail dealers
All others
Eg eee ae ses
eta 84" 64 C4 e FSS 8 $.73 macs ASRS
— =
a so, 25,. 2 2
“#8. GB nmevm S8898 & 8.82 85.83 = ae
a7
=| | ESAREE mmm 8. .88 § $899 BRSRG .. GER*
8 AAT :
, s wR ae Pte ee Re BS SS SAR
:
3 pera fri Carre
: BRORA GG" EAMES EGRE 88029 RE ga°8
8 8 : .Y ‘
on :
mili a a uk dk
WP i teah, Gaah, ath Pau, Ha
nee ae nat
jgedaa padaa j a jie [lla Ho jis :
1440
j . @ Boe s Wy st. ee
S| [BE SR Tae, ibe tie
_faaaes... i FEE mw,
=a ~_
Fs E ot 4 KS &.E.5 MeM eens a ar Pavey
4! (s eememerosmerr
— |
= 5 S10 ChFE Wet ee ees a
ea |:
Se oT rik eee
ul |: 7
g
2 m ee tesey rire see ee
5 *
og | og’ Sat Riaee age aete> 4g goa aaaa ae.
: : a :
iz
© | ge fg Pog F
is ee a tathiec chiles
& 3 ofa ok 5 ie ,.&
Pll dled Ho aida dd
~ |aEE’*2a3. Haj. F2, 34 HE ita, iM, ie af [5
g (PP pisidl que aud oa: gall 33 A 1 i
fiidia {dla pla jada i Huh | fia Ha ji
4,
{ARLE 1 - DISTRIRUTICN OF BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE PRODUCED IN THE UNITED STATES CURING THE CALENDAR YEAR ¢
(in Thousand Wet Tons)
1441
dhemnict oF ontoIa 1
1
fi
oe.
i i, ii,
i i tt wat fi fyi Fe ut ;
See footnotes at end of table.
(In Thousand Net Tons)
2
1442
DIATRICT OF ORIGIN Jy
re a 7 ae a]
TABLE I ~ DISTRIBUTION OF BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE PRODUCED IN THE UNTTED STATES DURING THE CALENDAR YEAR OF 1967 (cont.)
iy i i he Le i,
lis fis ‘lls ju i if i! E i il
ft
See footnotes at ond of table.
1443
3 © ve ee
*
g ‘ eevee eeeee ee -» B RRS BR SE RASS aw
“ ~~ aw
mee mere -8000 60 & 006 BS Stu SQ weww oe
of 28. ORS 3 3
3
8 8hR SFEMR GI" an § ¥.. EE. eee ee
DISTRICT OF ORIGIN 1)
TABLE I - DISTRIBUTION OF BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIONTTE PRODUCED IN THE UNTTED OTATES DURING THE CALENDAR YEAR OF 1967 (cont.)
{in Thowsend Het Tons
Peat == x —'
$ z,2F SR, & RZIR se . mm % *eeee *eee se
|
3
3
x 4 ef ‘ seee seeee *eee ee
:
Hy ‘elias
iM yo By
a Hi i ui ne
i
i
i! finds il
See footnotes at end of table.
3 > BOR BePe OOM kk cack cca®™ an
zi‘ eee seee srtee ‘ seee ee 8 8 - Sam ee
a we hae Ge. tea cae
om SE. OR
q 4.08 78.09 9e? a
— mn.
n n nm a“
ee ‘ ee
DISTRICT OF ORIGIN 1,
17
a ———— ees
|
, Pat Rae gp —
th,
Hf Mil bi : tt
i i
ii ih
iz 4
fa (Mi my 1 i i
See footnotes at end of table.
1445
RAF sg ase
.» RRA RRer =F RB SR...
aR? &. 6 —
REE .. REA RRA BA
-~ = =
~~ a an
cont.
18
=. 22
.
i
ae
ip ®
[
E 2
=| |:
: : :
: % ++ BANS B ge BgeA = £ HR RER BAB
|
ay! i i
i tMdabacr f
a Maal Ed ely
g] [Ada HE fila Ulla fla Ele fle fis
1446
a “eae wT aise fale
3
SOM AS een eee ye
1D : 2 98 8." AEE
a’ cna
Jac & ES Rees 2 aR gan
ip ae ee 9" > 4.4-ES
} i3I: 2 $E a8 938 R
3 - REPRE sons we ee
] |- aga aga
" 22.88, 8,8
2 fs Ra ae a SPE GATE “" E RQNE SPER BRRRE
27s ”~
he | |
iit! L, ‘ ly ij t~
i yy yah a Ha
ae a
1447
.» & BG BhR-*
DISTRICT OF ORIGIN Y
TABLE I - DISTRIBUTION OF BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE PRODUCED IN THE UNITED STATES DURING THE CALENDAR YEAR OF 1967 (cont.)
California, total (
ts
ts
ji
in fit
See footnotes at end of table.
1448
g J . ee z e aah er AS ed PE
= ad a - «a
. 86 § &,*8 sf ; eS sete 2,8
an
+S B88 8 es
ao
a ~
s siete tin ct a
5. ee We Me bse seater aeeeess ce 2:
F gs - ean an 4 eo aH
e SS * SOUR OAS Cet et 4 eee
3 : Fay ance “aa aN RR ag = aa om
”
se & AS“2 aR “2 ee? . oo es ao ee | Ran, dt waa
o § Ba-8 __ *e*epvpees Sa, a a3 "* PTO
Merve ts ce 79+ bem eed obo a de oh
(In Thousand Net Tons
2
All others
See footnotes at end of table.
Tidewater, total
«<
1449
i,
4 z
a, oe rr ce Rae ESET ETERS
| oe |
33
nF fy
Hada 1h
a
a
”~
-
-“
2
“
a
s 3
>. 2
»
0
ay
ch 32
39n eaANSKOO
bestncad wis ad gt At n st at st at
7 wrotwo a0 soruieta MOLLWKLISEG 40 ZiVi8
ToL Tol aNeTORT UT)
(“au00) 196t 40 WVEX BVOKIPIVO MK OMTNNG SAVES GUAINN BAL KI ORONOONE BIINOKT GAY ‘TOD SNORIWIE 40 NOTLNETULEIG = 1 SIEVE
8
£107USAUT oUTU UT sPuBYyo oN
soekotdme .
09 SeTwS Puy souT ye pesn TeOD
seyuedwoo uvt pee
Seyuedmos se79g pertUn
BRR att 3 3,
fe
" 9 mee 2
FE mIOTWO 40 LoTuieta
[sor Ton puwsnouy Ur)
(+9409) 196T 40 MVE MVONFIVD BML ONTUNd SAIVIS GALINA SHL MI GFONdOUd ALINOIT GNV TVOD SMONIWALIG JO NOIUNGIUISIC - I FIaVL
TABLE I - DISTRIBUTION OF BITUMINOUS COAL AND LIGNITE PRODUCED IN THE UNITED STATES DURING THE CALENDAR YEAR OF 1967 (cont.)
(In Thousand Net Tons)
DISTRICT OF oxIoIN 1
}
Canadian commercial docks
Vessel fuel
U.S. dock storage
va
Great Lakes movement:
Tidevater movement:
Coal used at mines and sales to
employees
Het change in mine inventory
States of destinations, etc., are shown
respondent figures)
of movement,
in footnotes, it is for purposes of concealment of individual
FOOTNOTES (Where special combinations of consumer uses, methods
4
shipments.
itorage for which consumer uses are not available
th all-rail shipments.
-reil shipments.
1 shipments.
yor, and private railroad are included with truck
Shipments vie Great Lakes are included with all-rai
a]
river are included wi
bunker fuel, the destinations of which are not available.
exports and United States tidewater dock s
via tramvay, conve
Shipments via river and ex-
Shipments via tidewater are included with all
1452
i. RE SER
3 ¥ : ers :
Mi sha ea
je bb eee eg RR
: Ws) 3 34*8
= et
: i ¥ - seit tinal al
i i Bees aan a
| é § a i See
6
g
eile] Tate
1 i TERE!
i 8 § & RES 4
au fe oe TELE ry
ute
5 3
: Mal a iin
i gw? RG aR gas
i & R yaxogsa
ME Head. Be GRERE?
R" so eeress
Bi - . aa_3F i
G1), lel doscat ole fll :
: f jit REE Hee :
is : 4 all pagece’ $3 RAL &
Jesh (iis iday ta np
i iii viii Hl i.
‘ ae. 9s "! anh Ee H 2 g 4 d
bslatiststtl PI dal
Sexo" wmoyeTYO ‘euetstnoy ‘sesueysy
Te107 T[eaqueD {neg 3894
JddyeetsstH pue cweqeTty
oossquuay,
a
.
anane eo aae
*
CEE
bags
g
ORR? f SSPRBE R SHR AE
REUSAR B
p AZERS R AGSRSREE RES ER
=
=
> = 7 =
z
z
T
9
990"
o'er
my
at
e6t' OR
6
T
9
~~
“4
BIE we Sk O88
(SuoZ yom pavenogy aI)
QNV 196T 40 SHVEL UVONTIVD AHL ONTANA SALVIG GALINA BBL MI GaONdOUd BLINOTI GV TVOO SNONDMLIE 40 MOLINGTMISIA 40
1454
, i
tii
~~"
2 ia] Stee Pree
: fd] [pe eee
1 OL, assis
7 Ae
AD oe
ts g/SBe F628
TLE baa aie te
a A ee
[Se i oF Fie
aif .
slgengegaqegee a fee gs
Ba Fe
f
F
i i
altel i
is is
1455
“STQWTIAS 30 B28 OTB Jo SUOT{SUTISEP ON ‘TEN; 2eqKUNG SeyNTOUT ‘seAsnoy |
. {elQut yea Jou 928 Semn AeENEUOD BTYA 40j PEI048 HOOP JOVERSPTS SOINIG POTTER pus sys0dxe seessene sopntoxe £ |
orn Corerrss }
24 Seasion
sexe [me |
formes hf A- eg oe
‘& th»/es
AIR POLLUTION BY
FEDERAL FACILITIES
REPORT
OF THE
SECRETARY OF HEALTH, EDUCATION,
AND WELFARE
CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES
IN COMPLIANCE WITH
PUBLIC LAW 90-148
THE CLEAN AIR ACT, AS AMENDED
JANUARY 1368
APRIL 1, 1963.—Ordered to be printed
———
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
P3868 WASHINGTON : 1968
1457
‘SENATE RESOLUTION 261
Submitted by Mr, Raudoipk of West Virginia
In Tur Sevare or Tue Unitep Stares,
Agreed to April 1, 1968.
Resolved, That there be printed as a Senaie document the report of
the Secretary of Health, Education, 2nd Welfare, entitled “Air
Pollution by Federal Facilities”, in complixnee with the provisions of
title I, section 111(b) of the Clean Air Act, Public Law 90-145, es
amended; and that there be printed 2,500 additional copies of such
document for the use of the Committce on Public Works.
Attest:
Francis R. Vaeo,
Secretary.
By Darrepyi Sr. Criainze,
Chief Clerk.
§
ss
1458
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
Tue Secretary oF Heattu, Epucation, aNp WELFARE,
Washington, D.C., February 7, 1968.
Hon. Henert BH. Huspurey,
President, U.S. Senate,
Washington, D.C.
Dear Mr. Paesrent: In accordancé with the provisions of title I,
section 111(b) of the Clean Air Act, Publie Law 90-148, as ,
there is transmitted herewith a report on measures being taken to
control — emission of air pollutants from Federal facilities.
: Wizsur J. Cone,
Acting
(1m)
1459
AIR POLLUTION BY FEDERAL FACILITIES
INTRODUCTION
The Clean Air Act, es amended, emphasizes the need for Federal
leadership and assistance to State and local agencies in the contro!
of air pilbation, In addition, the act indicates that the Federal agencies
shall cooperate with the Department of: Health, Education, and
Welfare and with any air pollution control agency in preventing
and contrelling air pollution frem the facilities for which they ere
a It also provides for the establishment of classes of air
pollution sources fur which limited permits could be issued and further
requires the Secretary to submit an annual report to the Congress
on the status of such permits and compliance therewith. The language
of the act is such that the Secretary ts given discretion with respect
to the classification and permit procedure to be established.
In addition to the act mentioned above, the program of abaiemeiit
and control of air pollution from Federal facilities is governed by
Executive Order 11282, dated May 26, 1968, entitled “Control of Pol-
lution Originating from Federal Installations,” by the “Performance
Standards and Techniques of Measurement” prescribed by the
Secretary of Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, issued
June 2, 1956, in response to “Sec. 5 Standards” of Executive Order
11282 and by Bureau of the Budget Circular No. A-78 issued on
August 6, 1966, and seni to the heads of executive departments and
establishments. '
It is expected that several vears effort will be required to full
control air pollutant emissions from Federal establishinents in wien
ance with the best current practices. ‘i’ provide the necessary technical
tidance for this overall effort, the National Center for Air Pollution
Contre! of this Department has established a Federal Facilities
Section, the staff of which will devote full time to the surveillance
of air pollution problems arising from Federal act ivities, the extension
of sachalirel ussistance to other agencies and departments, and to
studie. of the schedwing of the necessary improvements in control
of the emissions at Federal establishments.
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
The Performance Standards accompanying Executive Order 11282,
through section 76.5(¢)(1), called for the Secretary of the Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare to establish by regulation limits on
the emission of sulfur oxides to the atmosphere from Federal facilities
within 6 months of the effective date of the standards for Standard
metropolitan statisticel areas or standard consolidated areas which
have a population exceeding 2 million end a population density
exceeding 15,000 persons per square mile. The result of this require-
a
intention to adopt--30 days after the publication of the notice—
m
ific limits on the emission of sulfur oxides in these three arezs.
30-day effective time limit was extended by the Secretary of the
Department of Health, Education, and Welfare for an additienal 90
days at the request of an industrial trade association which was con-
cerned about impact of the proposed regulations on certein seg-
ments of the fossil fuel industry. The proposed limits were published
in final form in the March 23, 1967, issue of the Federal Register to
be effective October 1, 1968. ;
The limitations on sulfur oxide emissions for Federal facilities in
these three heavily polluted areas are sufficiently stringent to cause
serious ane and poe Spe ys ape received indicates that all
agencies int to comply with the regulations gs rapidly as possible.
This compliance is related closely to the efforts of the air pollution
~
control agencies in these cities to relieve poet oe prnine of excessively
high to sulfur oxides and is an t example of coo
intgQhimeninebintaham
During 1967, 2 number of studies of special Federal ns of air
of problems associated with fuel supply nationally and with specitic
er is on New York, Philadelphia, and Chicago. The Department
of Defense initiated a program of testing fuel oil for its sulfur content
since the current military and Federal specifications on fuel oil permit
sulfur contents which are considerably in excess of that associated
with current and anticipated limits. Several directives were issued to
military commands to put this new program into effect immediately.
Laboratory resources of the Department of Defense will be utilized
Toxic propellants continued to be a problem during 1967.
Potential beryllium emissions have been controlled, largely because
of the Public Health Service policy statement on beryllium issued in
1966, and through the t cooperation by the two princi
igencies concerned (DOD and National Aeronautics and Space Ad-
ic polluti h toxic chemicals under developmeni f
tion with toxic i for use
aad os
compounds of berylliuin long-range toxicity for some humans.
Therefore, no amount of ium should be tely emitted to
the atmosphere, except circumstances directly relevant to
defense of the Nation.
New justification for the longstanding Federal concern about con-
renninstllans af: She auhdenh shecmgbadh hep ten vkanteanmeeane of
1461
3
beryllium arising from any activity of government, was provided by
a recent court decision. In October 1967 & Pennsvivanic j jury awarded
$109,120 to a 45-year-old mother on the ground tbat her serious lung
was caused by beryllium fumes emitted to the atmosphere by
an industrial plant located several miles from her residence. (Heck v.
id a Corp., Berks County, Pennsylvania Court of Common
wy = that court decision produced no pee pe in the conserva-
tive Health Service policy toward control of beryllium, it did
stimulate intensified activity within the Department of Defense to
assure enforcement of the st sire by guidelines issued earlier to control
any rocket motor tests apeans “7 the national defense. It also stim-
ulated serio need for toxic rocket propellant
preys Pose obacn.: stare sing ones one enh when virtually a
researeh Govelopaians Siavelving beryllium as a propellant had
st
ivity also was continued in Chattanooga and Hamilton County,
—— because of continued interest of citizens of the area in general
ution abatement, because of complaints the emis-
sions from the Volunteer Army Ammunition Plant in Hamilton County
or because of technical problems involving efforts to control sulfur
oxides, nitric oxides, sulfuric and nitric acid mists, red water inciner-
ator wastes and other contaminants. ‘The Abatement Program is
studying the air pollution situation of the entire area and air pollution
from the ammunition plant. The most ificant recommendation
made to the Office of the Surgeon General, ment of the Army,
by the Public Health ec ae a to install catalytic reduction units
o the plant to reduce markedly the emissions of nitric oxides to the
from Os nitric acid plants at the Volunteer Army Ammu-
nition Plant.
Special coo tion continues with the Tennessee Valley Authority
through its Division of Health and Safety. In addition to participating
in an advance review of TVA’s phased and orderly plan prior to its
submission to the Bureau of the ass the Federal Facilities See-
tion and ‘meteorological personnel of the abatement also
reviewed TVA’s current plans to control air pollution its new
plant in berland City, Tenn. This plant will burn a high-sulfur
coal which is the most readily available fuel in the aa wih needed
and will have one or two 1,000 foot stacks equipped re. md
efficient (99 percent) electrostatic precipitators to eels part te
emissions, depending on final engineering design decisions. Although
there is not considered chy Sg ain han: gpm 7 prntoren ay
of removing sulfur oy from these stack gases. TVA
that these oxides may be er eee ae
of control mechanisms in the future when they are developed. >
should be noted here that considerable research is underway by the
Public Health Service and TVA, by the Bureau of Mines of the
Department of the Interior and by private utilities and chemical
ere vane ty hg technology to remove sulfur oxides from stack
gases of powerplants.
Most of the activity by the Federal Facilities Section of the abate-
ment program involved <r wa War to the departments and
agencies
in preparing their 5-year phased and orderly plan for the Bureau of
- 1462
i aa ag2 i pat" |a2 | fisgzist Pt LE uae? tgs
ile i i i eH fe uel
ats] at ae 3 Ht + Bie : aE i F
a a je sae
cada | Ubdeut li pinBe
tata | ek ae
i Hi Ht | Ae sai ieatanied HL
Hie Hell Hill i if iy ali
WED il paver HEE
1463
5
exists the actuality or probability of interstate air pollution also bad
Het pry hast, Pron foe ene
or units,
frotallation of special incinerators for disposal of binlogical waste,
Se ee mist eliminators, catalytic
potuee unila ealie desaheets und weed lnamneranlite, enpanvonglee
of other abatement devices needed for the projects.
At the of the Bureau of the B the Federal Facilities
mnalyzed the 1909 portion of the 5-year and ord
the Bureau a system of priorities through whic
‘a
egree of seriousness of potential
with
i phasis
state areas and interstate areas in which the Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare had initiated formal abatement actions under
the Clean Air Act of 1963, as amended. Attention also was called to
projects on which abatement work has been started or scheduled in
that the Bureau of the B approved for fin: in 1969 all
pase for facilities in the New York City, Chicago, and
metropolitan statistical areas, ashi 4
con sign
exist and jects located in interstate areas where the ent
of Health, Education, and Welfare has started air pollution abatement
procedings under the Clean Air Act of 1963, as emended. A list of
these projects received from the Bureau of the Budget, by agency
fiseal . Many of these projects are to be completed during that vear
feet cies reqebe sddinienal sope tsegent fiscal years. (A list
of the projects scheduled to start in 1968 is found in app. B.) These
corrective measures scheduled for oye cover 166 projects to re
financed ftom regularly ted construction, 0 tions, an
pn eth other moneys bes represent a sizable contnbation to air
u
tration and TVA are ou ing with respect to these planned projects
as part of their regular operations, repair and maintenance activities.
The Department of Defense also had an appreciable input.
each aehew pating agency ive Order 11282 and
Bureau of the SP eeea Ne’ ATS. The first of these reports i
genta 3 Backed chngroer eae pace sac oo ath
Vv ve problems of o urDing solid wastes
which, although not reported in the pbased and orderly plan, are
1464
being studied by the agencies in cooperation with the Federal Facili-
ties Section of the National center for Air Pollution Control and the
solid wastes program of the National Center for Urban and Industrial
Health of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. The
results may indicate needs for further propozals for air pollution
abatement xs an extension of the plan in fise years 1969 or 1970.
The adoption of rezulations for the control of organic solvents such
as rule 66 of the Los Angeles County Air Pollution Control District
and rule 3 of the San Francisco Bay Area Air Pollution Control District
during 1967 also brings a need for several agencies tu assess this
problem as soon as possible. The Department of Defense already is
active in this respect and all other agencies have been notified to
review their operations in the Los Angeles and the San Francisco
areas. There appears to be a need for uniformity with respect tu these
rules to prevent the adoption of different requirements in many
different sections of the country. The National Center for Air Pollution
Control currently is establishing an Advisory Committee on Organic
Solvents to consider this matter further.
During December 1967, the Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare called a conference under procedures of the Clean Air Act of
1963, as amended, to consider problems associated with interstate air
pollution in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area. As part of that
conference each Federal agency presented its plans to abate air pollu-
tion from its facilities in the defined area. Federal installations account
for about 30 percent of the air pollution of the District of Columbia
and about 10 percent of the metropolitan area total. It is estimated
that opyecnienatalr $2 million will be required to abate air pollution
from Federal operations in the area considered by the conference,
exclusive of the $733,333 grant made by the Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare to the government of the District of Coluinbia
to permit the development of a sanitury landfill and the abolishiwent
of open burning at the Kenilworth dump. Technology is available to
solve the other major air pollution problems in the area. The General
Services Administration is expected to play a key part in Washington,
as elsewhere, because of its mt in purchasing low-sulfur fuels for both
the Federal Government buildings and those of the District of Co-
lumbia. The presentation of the Federal ency plans was importaut
to this conference because of the relatively high density of Federal
activities in the District of Columbia area.
No requests have been received from an department or agency for
cremate from the provisions of the standards accompanying Exccu-
tive er 11282, and no cognate have been received for operating
permits. The cooperation by the Federal agencies with the Department
of Health, Education, and Welfare and the Bureau of the Bu vet in
developing the 5-year phased and orderly plan is overwhelming
evidence of their desire to fully participate in developing national
leadership in air pollution abatement envisioned by the Executive
order. Eventual realization of this objective will depend upon the
rate at which the program is funded. —_
rN OTS EE SES
1465
APPENDIXES
APPENDIX A
1969 PROJECTS TO BE FUNDED (BASED UPON DATA RECEIVED FROM BOS DEC. 28, 1957)
Agency Location Problern
Department of Defense:
ph SE ores Andrews Air Force Base, Camp Springs, Fuel ecnversion, ircineraior, smoke
Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Tucson, Smelting of scrap metal.
ROBY catniatinnn emigitnts Cameron Station, Alexandria, Va... ..... Vepor control, incinerator repiace-
Volunteer none Ammunition Pilani, NO», SO:, H particulates, in-
Chattanooge, Tena. —
Hail Station, Arlington, Va..... Incinerators.
Fort Meade, Odenton. Md_....... Fuel conversion, vapor coatrol.
: deny “yaad RS, Fuel conversion. — seem
PENS ROB scrubbers, fuel conversion, in-
os eee Vapor control, scrubbers, etc.
~~Fort Dax, Fort Dix, WJ... ..........--. Mechanical
Ammunition Plant, Joha- Incinerators absorption tower, fiy
son Co., Kans. ash colfe te
: catalytic reduction, ime:erators,
Pentagon, Washington. D.C.............: Vaporcontrol
Army Ammunition Plant, Baraboo Electrostatic precipitators, fuel
conversion vapor control.
Nba ovis eivbenk iid Bs sie Rosey Punts oske Contes, Senet Satan, Fuel conversion.
Naval Supply ee Do.
Naval Training , Ficefighte: school.
Haval Training Center, Great Lakes, Ill__. Fuel conversion, fire training schcol.
Koval Shiovosts Poitsdelpbia, Po SecA ft Fuel conversion. incinerator, fovcry
Clectronic T: Center, Naval Station, tire trzining schoo!
ee 4 Barber's Point, Hono- Sanitary landfill, firefighter school.
Hee auaenhAcentee: Rete, Smoke detecicrs.
Naval Air Station. Glenview, Ii! ___._._.. Firefighter school, smoke detectors
WS. Naval Ordnance Lab, White Oak, Md.. Smoke
sa San Francisco Bay Naval Shipyard, Fuel conversion.
Naval Supply Center, Norfolk, Va........ Vapor control; furc cotiectors on
smelters; rebuild furnaces.
Naval Air Station, San Ciego, Calif_...... Fire school; vapor control, plating
Naval Fuci San Pedro, Calif... ... Vapor control.
poe ae oe Sy ny abae pes pciner ator.
Fleet T ‘ | ee Fire trasning center.
Navy Public Center, Vs... Fuel conversion alarms and detecto:s
Navy Public Works Center, Newport. R.1.. tncineraior. fly ash elminaiors.
U.S. Naval Air Station, Minneapolis, Minn. Vapor control: hrefigh’
Naval Ait Depot, Hawthorne, Nev__...... Smoke recorijers; fume collectors,
3 fire school; baghouses.
Kodiak, Alaska .. Sanitary landfill; fire school; smoke
I
j
1466
i
wi geet e| i
anc
New Orleans, Incinerator.
hectrotate
on
Rivers,
06...
eo
Cl at Lays Installation of electrestatec pre-
Tectogcal
ee
Aut
Francisce Merbor__.........
esectogl Test Fecility, Bay St. Louis, Incinerator or sanitary landfill.
Pion arrived tate
Cee pens Cows eeanent, Geena,
Naval Torpedo Station, Keyport, Wash. __
Naval Station, Adak, Alaska............
bate dhl
mt SR ficheed Ameo
Administration... . ..
Health, Education, and
Aerongutics
Post Office Dep
Tennessee Valley Authority_..........
Veterans’ A
National
a
.
il li
Pere,
Base,
Nebr.
ri eet
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: bere
hve A Pay Reema
ly
|
: 1468
Agency Location Probtem
Navy—Con_ Naval Reserve Training Center, Elizabeth, Fuel conversiua.
Naval Reserve Training Centers, Nassau
Naval Revere Tring Caner, Slo
Naval Reserve Training Center, Jersey
i Newark, &)._.
Navel Reserve T: Center, Waite-
Do.
De.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
De.
Do.
eo ey tastal monitoring and recording in-
phe stati tuel au
Corps of Engineers (Civil Works)... . Puget ciieuadilbebidngebiliypesins an Gaps
nee ee ewww ene t ener cee
|
E
Center, Moffett Field, Fume scrubber, incinerator afler-
‘Langley Research Center, Hampton Va. _. ee
Department of Justice... ....... Federal Va_.... Fuel conversion.
it}
i
i
i
|
FPF FFF FF F RERRF FIER FF PF
Cie Lf Bep. ee v, it
S/7? to 9)
AIR POLLUTION ABATEMENT BY
FEDERAL FACILITIES
SECOND REPORT
SECRETARY OF HEALTH, EDUCATION,
AND WELFARE
To TRE :
UNITED STATES CONGRESS 7
PURSUANT TO
Public Law 90-148
THE AIR QUALITY ACT OF 1967
JANUARY 1969
MARCR 4, 1969.—Ordered to be printed
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
3-100 WASHINGTON : 1969
1471 oe
SENATE RESOLUTION 88
Submitted by Mr. Randolph of West Virginia
In Tue SENATE OF THE Unirep States,
Agreed to March 4, 1969.
Resolved, That there be printed with illustrations as a Senate docu-
ment the report of the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare,
entitled “Air Pollution Abatement by Federal Facilities” submitted
to the Congress in accordance with section 306, Public Law 90-148,
the Air Quality Act of 1967, and that there be printed two thousand
five hundred additional copies of such document for the use of the
Committee on Public Works.
Francis R. Varzo,
Secretary.
1472
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
Tue Secreranry or Hearn, Epucation, anp Wenrarpr,
Washington, D.C., January 17, 1969.
Hon. Huaerr H, Ucmpurey,
President of the Senate,
Washington, D.C.
Dean Mr. Presinent: In accordance with the provisions of title
I, section 111(b) cf Public Law 90-148 (the Air Quality Act of 1967),
I em -ploased to transmit the report on measures being taken by
ri = agencies to control the emission of air pollutants from Federal
acilities.
It is the intent of this report to describe in detail such progress as
as has been made toward controlling air pollution from sources for
which Federal departments or agencies have jurisdiction.
Sincerely,
: Wizeur J. Conen,
(mt)
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1474
AIR POLLUTION ABATEMENT BY FED
FACILITIES |
I. INTRODUCTION
ae
The Air Quality Act of 1967, as did the earlier Clean Air é
amended, emphasizes the need for Federal ip and assistance
to State and local ies in the control of air poll The act also
indicates that the Federal agencies shall pe pew: with the Depart-
ment of Health, Education, and Welfare and with air —
t
control agency in preventing and — air tion.
provides, at the discretion of the Secretary, for the establishmen
classes of air pollution sources for which limited i
issued, and it further requires the Secretary to submit an a
— = the Congress on the status of such permits and compliance
with.
In addition to this act, the program of abatement and control of
air pollution from Federal facilities is governed by Executive Order
11282, dated May 26, 1966, entitled, “Control of Pollution Orivi ating
From Federal] Installations”; the “Performance Standards Tech-
iques of Measurement” prescribed by the Secretary of Health,
ucation, and Welfare, issued June 2, 1966, and subsequen
amended, in response to “Section 5 Standards” of Executive Order
11282; Bureau of the Budget Circular No. A-78 issued on August 6,
i
b
order, has been used as a control device, rather than de t of
_——_, tem, as authorized in the Air Quality Act of ~
s
Control Administration, devotes full time to the surveillance of air
scheduling necessary improvements to control emissions from Federal
establishments. This staff also assists the Bureau of the Budget in
technical and administrative review of the 5-year phased and orderly
plans prepared by the various governmental groups concerned in this
abatement activity.
@
1475
TE. ABATEMENT PLAN
As called for by Executive Order 11282 end Bureau of the Budget
Circular No. A-78, the departments and agencies submitted revisions
of their original phased and orderiy plans on July 1, 1968, and also,
for the first time, furnished reports of progress on projects which could
be funded within available appropriations.
The revised plans are concerned principally with proposed abate-
ment actions to be undertaken during fiscal year 1970. Appendix A
contains the detailed proposals for abatement activities which have
been en for funding by the Bureau of the Budget for fiscal
year 1970.
On June 20, 1968, the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare
announced that 32 Air Quality Control Regions would be designated
during the next 12 months. These regions, in the order in which
designation is expected to occur, are the following:
1. Washington, D.C. - 17. Hartford
2. New York 18. Indianapolis
3. wae. 19. Minneapolis-St. Paul
4. Philadelphia 20. Milwaukee
5. Denver 21. Providence
6. Los Angeles 22. Seattle-Tacoma
7. St. Louis 23. Louisville
8. Boston 24. Dayton
9. Cincinnati 25. Phoenix
10. San Francisco 26. Houston
11. Clevdand 27. Dallas-Fort Worth
12. Pittsburgh 28. San Antonio
13. Buffalo 29. Birmingham
14. Kansas City 30. Toledo
15. Detroit 31. Steubenville
16. Baltimore 32. Chattanooga
Under the Air Quality Act of 1967, designation of regions is 2 funda-
mental step leading toward action by State governments to adopt and
enforce standards to controi air po lution on a regional basis.
Once regions are designated, the Air Quality Act of 1967 requires
that States set ambient cir quality standards for the regions within
9 months following the publication of criteria for particular pollutants.
An additional 6 months are allowed for the development of an imple-
menting plan which would include einission standards for pollution
sources. This standard-setting process is expected to begin in the first
regions early in calendar year 1969.
Almost all of the Federal facility projects included in the President's
budget for fiscal year 1970 are located in the 32 Air Quality Contro!
Regions listed above. The funding of these projects will permit Federal
facilities to provide leadership in abating air pollution in these regions.
A few additional projects are included in the President’s 1970 budget
because they are violations of local codes or are designated to abate
toxic emissions which involve imminent danger to health. A project
at = installation is included because of excessive complaints from the
public. .
(2)
1476
IIL EXEMPTIONS
The D. ent of Defense requested and was ted a l-
exem ‘ioe tie Onbeber 1 1969) from the provisio pag posal oS 765,
title 42, Code of Federul lations, part 76, dated March 17, 1987.
is section required control of sulfur oxide emissions in the Chicago
and New York Standard Consolidated Areas and the Standard
Metropolitan Statistical Area of Philadelphia by October 1, 1968.
It was impossible for the t of Defense to meet this deadline
with regard to a number of its facilitics which require large hp cd
ent’s ]
expenditures for conversion of their boilers. The Departm
year 1969 budget. had progressed too fer to allow the necessary
to provide for these conversions. The Presideni’s year 1970
budget will allow the Department to undertake substantially all of
these conversions.
The Atomic Energy Commission requested an exemption from the
provisious of the same section requiring control of sulfur oxides
in the New York and Chicago Standard Consolidated Areas for the
Brookhaven and the Argonne National Laboratories, respectively.
The request was based on the denial of funds by the Joint Committee
on Atomic Energy for conversion to lower sulfur fuels at these labora-
tories. An ee for 1 year (to October 1, 1969) has been granted
to the Atomic Energy Commission for the Argonne and Brookhaven
sites on the proviso that the Commission again request funds for
fiscal year 1970 to convert the heating plant at Argonne to natural
ges and that efforts be made to secure 1 percent sulfur fuel oil for
rookhayen.
The Joint Committee on Atomic Energy in its denial of funds for
fiscal year 1969, coe a delay in the Argonne project pending an ex-
_ pected breakthrough on research which would produce en economically
acceptable method of removing sulfur oxides from stack gases. Atoinic
Energy Commission representatives have been informed by tne
National Air Pollution Control Administration that the current re-
search on developing control techniques for removing sulfur oxides
rye aaah oye ae directed to produce methodology aneee for oeatan
of large fossil fuel-burning power-generating sources not direct
to heating plants as pn as that at Argonne National Laboratory.
This laboratory is within the boundaries of the Metrcpolitan Chicaco
Interstate Air Quality Control Region, which is identical to the
Chicago Standard Consolidated Area. Since the region will be expected
to have air eggeapane control standards and regulations within the
next 15 months, a conversion of this facility now would be consistent
with providing Federal leadership, as called for in Executive Order
11282.
The Department of Transportation requested, and was ted, 2
l-year exemption for fuel conversion at the Coast Gu base on
Governor’s Island, N.Y. This base is partially converted to burn
No. 2 distillate fuel oil, and the exemption was granted with the
(3)
1477
4
hada that conversion be completed as soon as additional funds
me available, It is expected thai this task will be completed before
Silat She D f Agricul ted
i y, the Department o icniture reques an exemption
from the vuaten oxide regulation for the heating plant at the Plum
Island, Long Island, Animal Disease Laboratory. A 1-year exemption
also was granted in this case, on the proviso that the laboratory use
the lowest possible sulfur content fuel oil which can be obtained from
the Genera! Services Administration for use at this site.
at
1478
IV. REMEDIAL ACTIONS
Actions to abate air pollution from Federal facilities were reported
this year, for the first time, to the Bureau of the Budget. As required
by Bureau of the Budget Circular No. A-78, these reports arrived on
zr ¢ 1, 1968, and refiect conditions as of April 1, 1968.
summary of these reports reveals that 442 remedial actions were
reported for 387 installations located .in 45 States, the District of
Columbis, Puerto Rico, and Guam. With few exceptions, the remedial
actions fall into the following categories:
1. Elimination of open burning of refuse.
2. Installation of new incinerators or upgrading of existing incinera-
tors to meet Federal regulations.
3. Reduction of particulate emissions from heating and power plants
by:
a. Repairs to old plants.
b. Construction of new plants.
c. Improvement of particulate collectors.
d. Installation or improvement of particulate monitors.
e. Conversion from coal to either gas or fuel oil.
4. Reduction of sulfur oxide emissions from heating plants by:
a. Using same type of fuel but of lower sulfur content.
b. Converting to a different fuel of lower sulfur content.
nt Reduction of gasoline and solvent vapor losses from storage
tanks.
6. Awarding of contracts during the year to remedy specific
situations.
7. Initiation of studies, design and/or engineering actions to
prepare cost estimates.
Appendix B presents an overall summary of accomplishmants by
agency and oy remedial action category.
Appendix C presents a detailed list of installations, arranged by
agency, reporting the above listed remedial actions.
These remedial actions reflect, in part, normal air pollution con-
trol activities of the agencies funded from their regular budgets as
well as actions stimulated and accelerated by the promulgation of
Executive Order 11282 and the need to prepare the 5-year phased
and orderly plan. Congressional action on year 1969 budget
requests had not been completed by April 1, 1968, and therefore,
most of these ai represent relatively small expenditures of
funds- already available to solve relatively simple and inexpensive
problems. Abatement actions at large installations or on very expen-
sive projects generally must await funding. Installation of electro-
static precipitators at the large Tennessee Valley Authority power-
plants is an exception to this situation, because of alternate sources
of funds.
(5)
25-140 O—69-—_-2
ile
ae
1479
6
hime eg also reflect favorably on the efforts of agencies to
od with the strict sulfur-oxide regulations governing the New
Y and Chicago standard consvlideted areas and the standard
Met itan Statistical Area of Philedelphia.
for use in these arees by the civilian agencies are obtained
ower” by the General Services Administration. Inquiry to the
Administration elicited the information that all fuels
used in the Chicago standard consolidated area are in conformity
with the requirements of the Executive order.
Attempts to secure bids on fuels which would meet the Executive
order regulations for New York and Phiiadelphia failed for the most
part. The limited response required a 64 percent premium over costs
of existing fuel. Readvertising for a maximum of 1 percent sulfur
content brought good response resulting in an 11 percent to 16 percent
increase in costs over previous higher sulfur fuels. These responses
were considered acceptable. This means that, for these areas, a No. 4
fuel oil with 0.7 percent sulfur and a No. 6 fuel oil with 1.0 percent
sulfar maximum will be used for the 1968-69 heating season.
This success in securing fuel oil with 1 percent or slightly less than
1 percent sulfur is encouraging and forecasts a considerable improve-
ment in future sulfur-oxide emissions; additional improvements will
accrue as a result of conversions to natural gas.
1480
V. WASHINGTON, D.C, METROPOLITAN AREA
Considerable progress in controlling air pollution has been made by
Federal facilities in the aréa folowing the National Capital Metro-
politen Area Interstate Air Pollution Abatement Conference heid by
the Departinent of Health, Education, and Weifare in December 1967.
Open burning hss been discontinued at Kenilworth Dump in the Dis-
trict of Columbia aid a sunitary landfll,has been started. Depert-
meut of Health, Education, and Welfare, the Department of the
Interior and the government of Washington, D.C. were instrumental
in effecting this long-soucht change.
The Department of Commerce has completed conversion of the
heating plant at the National Bureau of Standards in Gaithersburg,
Md., to burn naturel gas, with No. 2 fuel oil as standby; and the
Treasury Department has modified the elassificd-waste ineinerctor at
the Bureau of Engraving and Printing in Washington, D.C. Pending
funds for replacement, an incinerator at the Agricultural Research
Station in Beltsville, Md., has been repaired by the Departmeni of
Agriculture.
Cenversion of heating plants to burn natural gus is uuderway at
the Goddard Space Flight Center of the National Acronautics and
Space Administration in Greenbelt, Md., and at the National Zoo-
logical Park of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.
jth respect to the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,
ood and Drug Administration in Beltsville, Md., has reduced
Particulate emissions from a faulty incinerator by making operational
changes; several incinerators have been eliminaied on the Howard
University campus in Washington, D.C., by transporting refuse to the
District of Columbia incinerators; St. Elizabeth's Hospital in the
District has contracted for replacement of 2 faulty pathological in-
cinerator, has installed smoke meters on coal and oil-burning boilers
and has secured funds for equipping the main refuse incinerator wiih
air pollution contro! equipment; the National Institutes of Health in
Bethesda, Md., is now using a No. 6 fuel oil with a maximum sulfur
content of 0.5 parent. is redesigning classified waste incinerators for
installation of both afterburners and water scrubbers, and is engaged
in a joint effort with the Department of the Army and the Depart-
ment of the Navy to. design and construct a large eral waste
incinerator to serve the National Institutes of Health, the Naval
Medical Center, and Walter Reed Sone and Annex. Construction
will be ai the annex site in Maryland. The Department of the Army
has been issued e permit for land use for this project and design has
been started.
The General Services Administration, as anticipated, is playing an
importent role in the Washington, D.C. metropolitan area, as else-
where, with respect to procurement of low-sulfur fvel. Since November
1867, all fuel oil procured for the Department of Defense facilities in
the Washington area by the General Services Administration has
contained 2 percent sulfur. For the 1968-69 heating season, fuels have
(7)
ieee
1481
been secured at 1.5 agers sulfur, which is in accord with the recom-
mendations .of the Washington abatement conference. Furthermore,
it is expected that for the 1969-70 heating season 1 percent sulfur fuels
He 8 be provided. Department of Defense facilities involved are the
wing: ¢ ‘
Antington Hall Station, Arlington, Va.;
Pentagon Building, Arlington, Va.;
Cameron Station, Alexandria, V2.;
Fort Belvoir, Springfield, Va.;
Harry Diamond Laboratories, Washington, DC.;
Fort Leslie J. McNair, Weshington. DC.
Walter Reed Army Medicel Center, Washington, D.C.;
N. G. Camp Sims, Washington, D.C.;
Walter Reed Army Medical Center (Forest Glen Annex),
eae
Army Map Service, Montgomery County, Md.;
Andrews Air Force Base, Maryland;
Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C.;
Marine Barracks, Washington, D.C.;
Naval Communications Station, Cheltenham, Md.;
Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Md.; and
Naval Ordnance Laboratory, White Oaks, Md.
Additional activities of the General Services Administration in this
area have resulted in the replacement of three boilers, previously burn-
ing number 6 fuel oil, with two gas-fired boilers at the old Bureau of
Standards property on Connecticut Avenue in the District of Columbia.
The General Seoetees Administration also has reported that all of the
major coal-burning steam plants operated by the General Services
Administration now are using coal containing 1 percent sulfur or less.
Remaining problems of air pees abatement in Federal facilities
in and around Washington, D.C., generally are minor and work is
proceeding on many of these at this time.
1482 7 =
VI. MISCELLANEOUS ACTIVITIES
During calendar year 1968, emission inventories of all 77 Federal
facilities im the Kansas City area were completed and entered in the
record of the second session of the Kansas City, Kans.-Kansas City,
Mo. Interstate Air Pollution Abatement Conference. A similar inven-
tery was completed of the 185 Federal facilities in the Philadelphia,
Pa., area in conjunction with the Delaware Valley regional air quality
program which is being conducted couperatively by Federal, State,
and local agencies. © :
In view of the mandate for Federal facilities to exhibit leadership
in abating air pollution, inventories of emissions from Federal facilities
have been completed in Washington, D.C., New York, Chicago,
Philadelphia, Chattanooge, and Detroit and started in Denver, 5t.
Louis, Boston, and San Francisco. Eventually, all 32 regions will be
completely inventoried. Information will be helpful to the facilities
themselves and will be important in any overall area emission studies
which must be carried out before control programs are developed by
States and communities concerned within each region.
Special studies also are underway concerning air pollution problems
and control practices in Federal foundries, ammonia oxidation pleats
used to manufacture nitric acid, and sulfuric acid manufacturing
plants. Information secured from these studies will be helpful in
developing improved contro! techniques for these air pollutants.
The Department of Defense again has included pro 5 for control
of emissions from the Volunteer Army ammunition plant in Hamilton
County, Tenn. Proposals fer this plant have been included in fiscal
year 1969 plans but were not funded by Congress. This plant probably
is the worst single Federal source of air pollution, principally oxides
of nitrogen, in the United States. It has been the source of complaints,
pe snag inquiries and general citizen dissatisfaction in its vicinity...
Failure to fund the 1969 project was a distinct disappointment and it
is hoped that corrective measures will be funded in fiscal year 1970.
Technical assistance on specific problems associated with boiler
operations was given to the Department of Defense, Veterans’ Ad-
ministration, and the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
Similar help eS was given to the Smithsonien
—n and to the Departments of Defense, Interior, and Agri-
ture.
A conference was held with representatives of the Corps of Engineers
civil works) concerning the disposal of debris from New York Harbor.
epresentatives of the Corps were reminded that the pit incinerator
being constructed at Caven Point, N.J., in its pro form, may be
inadequate to meet the standards concerning particulate emissions.
If this should prove to be true following testing of this device, further
design and engineering will be necessary to secure compliance with the
ations.
(9)
1483
10
A carbon monoxide vontrol study related to automotive traffic was
started ai selected border stations at the request of the Public Build-
Service of the General Services Administration.
3 et ae oy D.C., Air Pollution Division and the Natione)
Park Service of the Department of the Interior were advised concern-
ing an incinerator designed for the destruction of brush and logs.
These agencies are attempting to dispose of this waste in a manner
whieh hopefully will replace the current opea burning. Specialized
activities have been contmued to assure the control of exhaust products
from missiles and rockets powered with highly toxic propellants.
These activities involved close cooperation and intersgency liaison
with the Department of Defense, Nutional Acronautics and Space
Adininistration, Atomic Rasney Commission, Armed Services Ex-
“vont Safety Boord, and the National Academy of Sciences-National
esearch Council. During the year, not a single rocket motor con-
taining beryllium propel!snt was fired in the open air of the continental
United States.
In the interest of providing further assistance during the year, the
Federal Facilities Section distributed several hundred copies of the
892-page publication tided “Air Pollution Enginee:ing Manual” :.
the Federal agencies. Also distributed for comment and technical
criticism was the “Jnterim Guide to Good Tractice for Selecting
Incinerators for Federal Facilities.”
The Section also participated in a training course at Durham.
N.C., for approximately 70 engineers of the Army Materiel Command
and in a seminar at the Army Environmental Health Agency, Edge-
wood Arsenal, Edgewood, Md., with re ntatives of the Army
Surgeon General’s Office, the Bureau of the Budget and the Federal
Water Pollution Control Administration, to review the operation of
the 5-year phase and orderly plan. —
1484
VIL CONCLUSION
The Federal departments-and ezencies again this year evidence
excellent cooperation with the Deparunent ef eclth, Education, and
Welfare and the Bureau of the Budget for purposes of preventing and
conirolling air pollution. The reports of progress highlight both the
efforis and the intentions of the egcncies. With su‘ticient funding, there
is no reason why air pollution control by Federal agencies should noi
be successful. Announcement of the establishment of the first 32 air
quality control regions by the Natiewl Air Pollution Control Ad-
ministration has given further impevis to this program and has de-
fined more sharpty than heretofore areas to which specific attention
must be provided both by the Federal Government and by State und
local organizations.
Sufficient fundine will enable prompt abatement of air pollution.
from Federal esiallishments.
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1502
OPERATING FSPERIENCE SITE KET-DOLONITE SCKUBRING
ea ES =e
J. F. McLAUGHLIX, Executive Assistant
Union Electric Company
St. Lovis, Missouri we ou
and
J. JONAKIN, Product Manager
Air Pollution Control Systems
Combustion Engincering, Inc.
Windsor, Connecticut
Presented at
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL ASSOCIATION
ANNUAL MEETING
New York, New York
June 22-26, 1969
ithe tine — cog
2 2. 1503
OPERATING EXPERESNCE STM NET- DeLONiaE. SCRUESING
=
In Septerber 1967, Conbusticen Engineering, Inc. and Union
-Electric Co. announced plans to install a full- scale sulfur
_ dioxide venwest System on ore of the units at Union Electric's
Meramec plant in St. Louis County. The system was developed
by Corbustion Engineering and utilizes limestone or dolomite
injection into the furnace and a wet scrubber for particulate
and sulfur dioxide renova. Results of laboratory tests and
field tests of a pilot system at the St. Clair plant of
Detroit Edison Co. were reported at the American Power Confer-
ence in April, 1967." a
The system was designed and installed on the Meramec Xo. 2
unit during the period October 1967 to June 1968 (Fig. 1).
“Initial operation was deferred until Septeaber 1968 to avoid the
summer high-load period. The system was operated initially
on natural gas beginning September 9, 1968 and initially with
_ €oal on September 19. During the period September 1968 to
‘May 1969, the system operated on coal for 31 days.
Operetion of the systea has revealed problers that were
-not evident during initial experience with the pilot plant at
Detroit: Edison. It is the purpose of this paper to describe
this sounihes experience, the modifications that have been
made to the systen, and the plans and expectations for the piewns.
Description o of Systen
_ A schematic of the sulfur dioxide renova} system is shown
in Fig. 2. Crushed limestone is delivered to the plant by truck
and unloaded into a hepper normally used for rail coal unloacing.
The coal conveyer system is used to transport the limestore to
1504
the No. 2 unit ceal bunker. Buring this eperstien, cea) ¢aanct
te transported to the plant. The Se. 2 bunker hss dcea perti-
tioned to separate the lirestonc above the “a polvericer. fron -
the coal abore the ether three pulverizers, ae oS
The boiler-turbine unit has a nexinus capability of 130-2. ~ |
This” cupacity can be obtained «ith three pulverisers. when the ae : |
‘ pulverizers are in top grinding condiiton. Sone loss. in unit eek
capacity can be expected as the pulverizers wear, since the
fourth pulverizer is used for Linestone. aS ‘ 7 ;
The "A" pulverizer and exhauster systen pulverizes the .
limestone and injects it above the con) flame from ‘the ether
burners. The “a burners have been disconnected from the burner
tilt rechanisn and are fixed in a 15° upvard position, The
electrostatic precipitators have been blanked off with one
half of the Dianking plates at inlet ‘and outlet welded in place
and the other halt being bolted. This is done so that the *
bolted plates can be renoved during 2 short outage and the
gencrating unit operated with flue gas going through ‘the pre- 4
cipitator while modifications are nade to the ‘$0, rereval systen.
A closed Joop, liquid heat exchanger syston is provided to
extract heat from the flue ges ‘ahead of the scrubbers and to
reheat the flue gas after the scrubbers. The system is designed
to reheat the flue gases $0 F for plune sppearance, prisarily.
Txo Xational Dust Collector ‘Hydro-Filter scrubbers are
installed to operate in parallel (Fig. 3). " Power- operated inlet
and outlet denpers are provided for contrel-te naintain 2 minicum
“gas velocity a. the marble bed and for iselation of each —
scrubber. a + Steet ea
1505
Flue’ £38 en sters the scrubbers beneath the rarble bed aad
flows threugh the-bed a20 ou: the top of the scrubber. Kater
_ Sprays are lecated deacath the farbic bed and are eirectcd upxared.
The high-pressure érop through the rarble bed causes the water
‘anak to de brokea up into a turbulent, layer of water mist
~ which traps the particulate matter. Kater and collected particles
, Overflex into drains hich discharge below the bed. A gravity _
drain line ften each scrubber sanage se th: water and collected
particles to the clarifier. — gains:
ep Solids are ‘concentrated in the clerifier and purped to a
P disposal pond. "Most of the | water is ‘clarified and recycled to
"the scrubber. Bias . .
“The flue gases’ "pass jove the aatehe bed through a ieadeaer
and the reheater and then to the copcceemitans 25> fan.
Sebaseed Perfornance
a "Based on the pilot plant experience, Combustion blisivion
“has guaranteed that the air polluticn contro} systen (APCS) would’
perforn as follows: a eee ees se |
“ss ae The sulflr oxides leaving the APCS are equivalent to
burning a fuel containing 0.5% sulfur when sulfur in the fuel
is no greater than 3.4%.
2. The particulate matter ; removal fron the flue gas —e
the APCS will be 998.
“ Qperating Experience
‘il bi
I. D. Fan Inlet ar
The reheater is a finned tube heat exchanger with close
spaced tubes and fins. Cleaning of the heat exchanger was in-
tended te be done by 3 eater wash syster using the scrubber spray
_ +3-
1506
Water. The wash systen consisted of sprays logated abore and
belox the reheater. Originally it was planned that washing
would be done et half load with the scrubber inlet and outlet
dampers closed. The final design was worked out with oa Tine
‘washing planned. — : ~
After spproxinotely 12 hana of senasahial on coal, the
wash systen was operated to determine whether it would function
properly. Sone of the kash water carried over, to the I.D. fans.
-t was “observed to be leaking out of access doors in the fan
inlet boxes. After a few hours, 1.D. fan vibration increased.
Inspection showed a heavy bul dup. of deposits on the fan blades
with a thickness as great as 1 in, in ‘spots. Sand biasting was
required to remove the deposits. ate eh ee a yi 8 ere
It was apparent fron this experience that moisture must
be kept out of the fans. Drains were installed initially on
the fan inlet boxes. These were later changed to an eductor
system. Also, top rehéater sprays would not be used when the
scrubber was on line and botton sprays would ‘be used carefully.
Xo further problems were experienced with fan blade deposits.
Normally there is no moisture carryover from the reheatcr.
Moisture has dlen observed coming fron the inlet box drains.
during start- up and curing — ~fen operation. -
Overflow Drains :
Another early problem. «as the deposit of calcium sulfate
on the overflow drain screens (Fig. 4a). These deposits formed
in 2 short period of time (less then 24 horrs) in sufficient
amount to restrict the water flow and cause a high water leve)
<@s
ce
1507
in she scrubber. The screens were redesigned to ineresse the
the site of openings and were painted vith a polyurethsne coating
which has been found to reduce deposits (Fig. 4b). Frou the
date obtained since making the atove change, this problem scens
“to be solved. | ee yiy Rae ee at |
Marble Bed Plugging Spottt
ae Khen operation of the systen for periods longer than a
7 few one was undertaken, the probdier. of Plugging ‘of the ‘marble
bea was shederee. The. bed would decone inactive at the ges
: inlet end of ‘the scrubber and ‘this would progress until, on
* one occasion, nore than $0% of bed ares became Plugged. High
“velocity in the active portion of the bed would cause carryover
_ of water and solids acpi in Srestise on the donloter and
= the .Teheater. Shas Ra aoa
ts Mode] tests of the scrubber were nade oie ‘Guiectik
Engineering first using a water table and later or _using a three-
dimensional air-flow node. Poor gas distribution was found
| “—0) Salustrated in the photograph of the water table in Fig. Sa.
A series of ladder vanes, denoastrated by node} tests,
corrected the"gas distribution problem (Fig. Sd). These vere
instedied and the scrubber systen was operated for six days
. without bed Plugging. ‘It. would appear that this. probiem has been
corrected, although a Jenger period of operation is needed to
be certain. : ‘
yen As previously described, the marble bed plugging caused
| Carryever of water and solids to the denister and reheater.
-$-
ees gems es ,
As a result, the reheaters of beth scrubbers becaze severely
; pleserd SO that the APCS was Aneywrabie.. Efforts to 1c10ve
‘ deposits ty sand? lasti
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