Appendix — New Hampshire v. Maine

Supreme Court brief2001

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No. 130, Original JAN 200%

CORRE GF re Ce

In The Die

Supreme Court of the United States

STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE,

Plaintiff.

Vv.

STATE OF MAINE,

Defendant

APPENDIX TO PLAINTIFF’S BRIEF IN RESPONSE TO

BRIEF FOR THE UNITED STATES AS AMICUS CURIAE

STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE

PHILIP T. MCLAUGHLIN

Attorney General

LESLIE J. LUDTKE*

Associate Attorney General

New Hampshire Department of Justice

Office of the Attorney General

33 Capitol Street

Concord, New Hampshire 03301-6397

(603) 271-3658

JOHN R. HARRINGTON, ESQUIRE

Special Counsel

Sulloway & Hollis, P.L.L.C.

9 Capitol Street

P.O. Box 1256

Concord, New Hampshire 03302-1256

(603) 224-2341

Counsel for Plaintiffs

*Counsel of Record

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DESCRIPTION

[Map of York County] Survey of the Ponds & Branches of the Salmon Falls

River ... James Gowen and James Warren, Jr., surveyors. Ms. in Maine

Historical Society.

Facsimile verso of [Map of York County] Survey of the Ponds & Branches

of the Salmon Falls River ... James Gowen and James Warren, Jr.,

surveyors. Ms. in Maine Historical Society.

Table 1 — Federal Documents Concerning Portsmouth Harbor, New

Hampshire.

[West side of chart of] Portsmouth Harbor, New Hampshire from a

Trigonometrical Survey under the direction of the Superintendent of the

Survey of the Coast of the United States. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Coast

Survey, 1866.

[East side of chart of] Portsmouth Harbor, New Hampshire from a

Trigonometrical Survey under the direction of the Superintendent of the

Survey of the Coast of the United States. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Coast

Survey, 1866.

USGS Topographical Map - Dover East, NH - ME, NE/4 Dover 15”

Quadrangle. N4300-W7045/15. Washington, D.C.: Army War College for

the U.S. Department of the Interior, 1941.

Letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting, with a letter from the

Chief of Engineers, Report on Preliminary Examination of Portsmouth

Harbor, N.H., H.R. Doc. No. 1010 at 1 (1916).

Letter from the Earl of Hillsborough to New Hampshire Governor John

Wentworth (Jul. 11, 1772). [UK Public Records Office CO 5/937/f.249].

An Act Increasing the Number of Members of the Boundary

Commission, including a Commercial Fisherman, and Providing for a

Study of Both the Maine and the Massachusetts Boundaries with New

Hampshire, ch. 564, 1973 N.H. Laws 1104.

An Act to Define the Offshore Jurisdiction of the State, ch. 580, 1973

N.H. Laws 1124.

PAGE(S)

3a-19a

23a-37a

38a-4la

42a-43a

44a-46a

DESCRIPTION

Letter from Maine Governor Kenneth M. Curtis to New Hampshire

Governor Meldrim Thomson, Jr. (Feb. 6, 1973).

Letter from N.H. Gov. Meldrim Thomson to N.H. Fish and Game

Commission Chairman Richard Upton (Mar. 22, 1973).

Letter from N.H. Gov. Meldrim Thomson to N.H. Attorney General

Warren Rudman (May 31, 1973).

Letter from Maine Gov. Kenneth Curtis tu N.H. Deputy Attorney General

David H. Souter (Jun. 8, 1973).

Letter from Maine Assistant Attorney General Charles R. Larouche to

N.H. Deputy Attorney General David H. Souter (Jul. 9, 1975).

Letters from Maine Assistant Attorney General Charles R. Larouche to

N.H. Deputy Attorney General David H. Souter, with attached “News

Release, June 26, 1974” and changes (Jun. 24, 1974).

Thomson — Curtis Compact: Resolutions Concerning Settlement of the

Lateral Marine Boundary Dispute between New Hampshire and Maine

(Jun. 26, 1974).

Letter from Maine Assistant Attorney General Charles R. Larouche to

New Hampshire Special Counsel Richard Upton, with attachments

(Jul. 10, 1974).

Defendant’s Brief in Opposition to Motion to Intervene, in New

Hampshire v. Maine, U.S. Supreme Court, Original No. 64.

Plaintiff's Brief in Opposition to Motion to Intervene, in New Hampshire

v. Maine, 'J.S. Supreme Court, Original No. 64.

Transcript of Oral Arguments, from New Hampshire v. Maine, U.S.

Supreme Court, Original No. 64.

Plaintiff's Memorandum to the Special Master, in New Hampshire v.

Maine, U.S. Supreme Court, Original No. 64.

Plaintiff's Memorandum of Law on Jurisdiction to Enter Consent Decree,

in New Hampshire v. Maine, U.S. Supreme Court, Original No. 64.

PAGE(S)

47a-48a

49a

54a-59a

60a-63a

64a-70a

71a-80a

8la-99a

100a-143a

144a-147a

148a-155a

DESCRIPTION

24 Joint Motion for Entry of Final Order, in New Hampshire v. Maine, U.S.

Supreme Court, Original No. 64.

~~ 4

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23a

PORTSMOUTH. HARBOR, N. H.

LETTER

THE SECRETARY OF WAR,

WITH A LETTER FROM THE OF ENGINEERS, REPORT ON

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION OF PORTSMOUTH HAERBOR,N.H.

Arnt 11, 1916.—Referred to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors and ordered

aan to be printed, with illustration.

Washington, April 8, 1916. y

United States Army.

ced

which conditions

of the board an effective impr

and it therefore believes i

-Boarp or Encrveers ror Rivers AND Hanrsors,

March 8, 1916.

To the Cmer oF ENGINEERS, Unrrep Srates Anmy:

#1. The following is in review of the district officers report authorized

by the river and harbor act of March 4, 1915, on preliminary examine-

1 of

PORTSMOUTH HARBOR, N. H.

to be very objectionable to navigation. The channel of

the city of Portsmouth is somewhat crooked, but has a

about 500 fest between the 30-foot contours. Theshores

23 to

PaO tet tions it is usually brought in

convinced of the advisability

and interested

excavation of a

unit cost. While no detailed

* One of the plus prints ts printed in this connection,

8, 1916.

ae i ‘is

December 1

ms sepa Me.,

{

ae ie ial aia

Hi ie Ea i

* pes

a i

Dale

THEE

Hil

a |

bills

fewcanto,

tik f

the Suid bridge

ect inclu

soa

-» 1st sess.) Tears

Tstend

45th

made on a

Goat Island and N

at a cost of $130,567.61.

examination was

of the breakwater near

connecting

report.

Doc. No. 29

This rodived sn sdverio

in 1892,

‘8 preliminary &

the extension and

to elimina

Gangway Rock

of the channel between Great

Badgers Ioland

toa of

pth

Necben tet af

in Portamouth Harbor, N. H.

cost was $150

river and

rr :|

tt:

48th

yf mene es

It was not

44,

$710,000.

Ex. Doc. No.

the sea

vpn “see

“a3

Tete

~ sguan

wy as

a view toits removal

This point is

Harber, witha we

navigation.’

report was ona

Point Portsmouth

same is an obstruction to

eae

fer as the

nen ts i & unpaid ne

i Li

Le a ue

el | ath

mit ‘ qi

eeeececoe

eee2848e8e60

| Baan y

m Le Hiilt

Sand.

ie i i niet ‘el Me

Les

i! nti :

a , ini see.

31a

PORTSMOUTH HARBOR, BN. H.

It appears that while the act of March 4, 1915, directs simply a

nate seutainetion of Portamouth Harbor, N. H., when the

river and r bill of 1914 was before Congress an amendment was

introduced providing for a preliminary examination in the following

Portamouth Harbor, New from Clarks Island to Portsmouth Bridge,

din a olen to oaeine tame eee on of the shoal off Island

of awards Rocks, tad part of the Gangway Ledge or Becks end the Island

i i igations have shown to be in

desires of those interested in t iti i

one away

9. P

shee

RSE

tek

tee

—=— ee ee ee

PORTSMOUTH HAEBOR, ¥. H.

: Tre Drvision Exomners, Norrneast Division, .

ee _ + * ° New York City, 7 £0, 1916.

To the Carer or Exonveens, Untrep States Agmy:

ch on tie] element im deciding the question of

"2. 18 an essen ent m

worthiness of the improvement, I concur with the district officer in

recommending & survey. ral

. ne _ Freperro V. Assor,. -

reer | Colanel, Corps of Engineers.

aa Poe repent of es Be of aga Re

; eae eee

a ee

Guwrisuex: I beg leave to incloss herewith »

in the channel of the

32a

33a

of the

eee

They are

indicates

Piscataqua

8 of which I inclose.

of Mr. Sise. I

regarding harbor

notice the communication

of the Portsmouth Board of Trade.

cation

C. A. Sunt08 WAY.

cous It isa

ion from 1

Hewner F. Hows.

Untrev Srares Sanatz,

February 22, 1916.

+ from the

Washington, D. C.,

communi

dated February 17, a copy

cation

communt

eenneer pane

20M HON. C. A. SULLOWAY.

careful

Portamouth, N. H.,

a a;

LETTER FROM HON. H. F. HOLLIS.

of Trade,

to commend to your

LETTER FROM THE AMERICAN ABSOCIATION OF MASTERS, MATES, AND PILOTS.

I inclose herewith a

“4 r

Zale wae

Wii

Board

The Boanp or Enarmesrs ror Rivers AND Harsons. ~

The Boarp oF ENGINEERS FOR Rrvers anp Harsors.

GenTLEeMEnN:

sHlinli

34a

both

Hee

bea

g° §

S Ss

"#3

Big

res

2" 8

rite

iti

ada

“By

sae

Babs

‘ES

“abs

sur a 408

rh §

35a

Eel

3 §

the that

with & view to the

J. H. Gariinaer.

sideration

consi

attention to

t in the river,

your

. Esq.,

in thie locally

and absence of ail

— I venture to

4 careful

to call

The Boarp or ENGINEERS FoR Rivers AND Harsons,

aeceeemeennlll

LETTER FROM THE PORTSMOUTH BOAED OF TRADE.

: i

Har es

ENTLEMEN

Fred

the

PORTSMOUTH HARBOR, X. H. oe

had in

the

with the harbor can, no doubt, state to the board of quite

ing nende that for commercial purposes the widening the ri

ours, vs

Hon. Jacon H. Gatuoer,

United States Senate, Washington, D. C.

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1104 CuapTer 564 (1973

CHAPTER 564.

At! ACT INCREASING THE NUMBER OF MEMBERS OF THE BOUNDARY COMMISSION

INCLUDING A COMMERCIAL FISHERMAN, AND PROVIDING FOR A STUDY OF BOTH THE

MAINE AND THE MASSACHUSETTS BOUNDARIES WITH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Be it Enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court

convened:

564:1 Commission. The governor, with the advice and consent of the coun-

cil, shall appoint five suitable persons resident in this state, as commissioners upon

the part of the state of New Hampshire to enter into, with the state of Maine and

the commonwealth of Massachusetts, by and through the commissioners who may

; be appointed under or by virtue of the laws of the state of Maine and the com-

monwealth of Massachusetts, an agreement or agreements and compact or com-

pacts, defining and ascertaining the common, lateral marine boundary between

the state of New Hampshire and the state of Maine, and the state of New Hamp-

shire and the commonwealth of Massachusetts; provided that the commissioners

for the state of New Hampshire shall include the three commissioners in office on

the effective date of this act a .. pursuant to 1971, 429:1. One of the com-

missioners appointed on behall of the state of New Hampshire shall be a com-

mercial fisherman.

564:2 Powers. The commissioners on the part of the state of New Hamp-

shire are hereby authorized and empowered to meet, from time to time, such

commissioners as may be appointed for the same purposes and with substantially

similar powers on the part of the state of Maine and the commonwealth of Massa-

chusetts, to define and ascertain such common, lateral marine boundary, in order

to prevent future mistakes and disputes respecting the same. The commissioners

on the part of this state are authorized and empowered, in the performance of

their duties hereunder, to agree upon such sah om respecting the location of

such common, lateral marine bourdary as from the best evidence they can ob-

tain may appear to them just and reasonable; and they may employ, within the

limits of available funds, such experts and consultants as they think proper to

assist them in the performance of their duties.

_ 564:3 Mutual Agreement. If mutual agreement is reached between the state

of New Hampshire and the state of Maine or between the state of New Hamp-

shire and the commonwealth of Massachusetts, or both, it shall be reduced to

writing in the form of a compact or compacts and then signed by the commission-

ers of each state involved, or by at least a majority of each body. Such compact

or compacts shall be thereupon submitted by the respective commissioners to the

legislatures of the states in mutual agreement for approval by appropriate legis-

lative acts. Upon approval by legislative act by each state, such compact or com-

pacts shall become provisionally effective and binding upon this state, subject

only to the consent and approval of the congress of the United States.

—

setae Sli Reh pei Seb OS.

564:4 Approval of Compact. The commissioners on the part of this state, -

together with the commissioners appointed by the state of Maine and the com:

monwealth of Massachusetts, shall have the power to apply to the congress of the

United States for its consent or approval of the compact or compacts entered into

by said states. Upon the consent and approval thereof by the Congress, such com-

pact or compacts shall become final and binding upon the state of New Hamp

shire and shall be filed in the office of its secretary of state.

Seite acini Ahendak ines

43a

ns te aT

1973} CHarPTer 565 1105

564:5 Vacancy. If a vacancy shall occur by death, resignation or otherwise

of those appointed as commissioners for the state of New cy poe hereunder,

the governor, with the advice and consent of the council, shal] fll same.

564:6 Limitation. If the commissioners on the part of this state shall be

unable to reach written agreement hereunder with the commissioners a pointed

by the state of Maine and the commonwealth of Massachusetts before March 1,

1975, their powers hereunder shall terminate, unless extended by the legislature.

564:7 Compensation and Expenses. The commissioners on the part of this

state shall receive their necessary expenses in the performance of their official

duties and such reasonable per diem as may be fixed by the governor and coun-

cil.

564:8 Transfer Appropriation. Any funds remaining in the appropriation

authorized by 1971, 429:8, are hereby transfered to be expended by the commis-

- sion under the provisions of this act.

564:9 Repeal. 1971, 429 establishing an interstate boundary commission be-

tween New Hampshire and Maine is hereby repealed.

564:10 Effective Date. This act shall take effect upon passage.

Approved July 5, 1973.

beective date July 5, 1973

aE seas i wot oA

1124 CHAPTER 580 (197

CHAPTER 580.

AN ACT TO DEFINE THE OFFSHORE JURISDICTION OF THE STATE.

Be it Enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court

convened:

580:1 Extension of Territorial Boundaries Seaward. Amend RSA 1 by in-

serting after section 13 the following new subdivision:

Seaward Limits of Jurisdiction

1:14 Extent. Subject to such lateral marine boundaries as have been, are

herein or shall hereafter be legally established between this state and the state of

Maine and the commonwealth of Massachusetts, the territorial limits and juris-

diction of this state shall extend to and over, and be exercisable with respect to,

waters offshore the coast of this state as follows:

I. Marginal Sea. The marginai sea to its outermost limits as said limits may

from time to time be defined or recognized by the United States of America by

international treaty or otherwise. The coastal baseline of this state from which

the breadth of the marginal sea is measured shall be drawn in conformity with

the treaties to which the United States is a party. Subject to furure change as

hereinabove set forth, the marginal sea is three nautical miles in breadth.

II. The High Sea. Beyond the marginal sea, to the outer limits of the terri-

torial sea of the United States of America and to whatever limits may be recog-

eee

STE A Sake BESS ee AS

45a

1973] CuarTer 580 1125

nized by the usages and customs of international law or any treaty or otherwise

according to law. This state claims title for a distance of two hundred nautical

miles from the coastal baseline of the state, or to the base of the continental shelf,

whichever distance is the greater.

III. Submerged Land. All submerged land, including the subsurface thereof,

lying under the aforementioned waters.

1:15 Lateral Boundaries. Until otherwise established by law, interstate com-

pact or judgment of the supreme court of the United States, the lateral marine

boundaries of this state shal! be and are hereby fixed as follows:

I. Adjoining the State of Maine: Beginning at the midpoint of the mouth

of the Piscataqua River; thence southeasterly in a straight line to the midpoint

of the mouth of Gosport Harbor of the Isles of Shoals; thence following the center

of said harbor easterly and southeasterly and crossing the middle of the break-

water between Cedar Island and Star Island on a course perpendicular thereto,

and extending on the last-mentioned course to the line of mean low water; thence

102° East (true) to the outward limits of state jurisdiction as defined in RSA

1:14. As to that section of the lateral marine boundary lying between the mouth

of the Piscataqua River and the mouth of Gosport Harbor in the Isles of Shoals,

the so-called line of “lights on range”, namely, a straight line projection ‘south-

easterly to the Isles of Shoals of a straight line connecting Fort Point Light and

Whaleback Light shall be prima facie the lateral marine boundary for the guid-

ance of fishermen in the waters lying between Whaleback Light and the Isles of

Shoals.

II. Adjoining the Commonwealth of Massachusetts: As defined in chapter

115, 1901; and thence one hundred and seven degrees East (true) to the outward

limits of state jurisdiction, as defined in RSA 1:14.

III. The fixation of lateral marine boundaries herein is without prejudice

to the rights of this state to other marine territory shown to belong to it. By the

fixation of the foregoing lateral marine boundaries, this state intends to assert

title to its just and proportional share of the natural resources in the Atlantic

Ocean lying offshore its coastline and within the limits defined in RSA 1:14.

1:16 Ownership. The ownership of the waters and submerged lands enu-

merated in or described in RSA 1:14 and 15 shall be in this state. The depart-

ment of resources and economic development and the fish and game department,

in cooperation with other interested agencies and departments of the state and

with the approval of the governor and council, shall be authorized to issue rules

and regulations for the purpose of — fishing rights, marine life, mining

and mineral rights and oil and gas rights of the state and to control pollution

in the seaward territory of the state as defined in RSA 1:14, IJ and III.

1:17 Application of Laws. The jurisdiction of the courts of this state over

civil and criminal matters shal] extend to all territory within the marine bound-

aries of this state as defined in this subdivision, which has not been heretofore

incorporated in any town, city or county. In such event, all such proceedings may

be instituted in the district or municipal court of the district or municipality

closest to the place where the alleged offense occurred or cause of action arose or

in the superior court holden in Rockingham county, to the same extent as if the

Re EIS «

46a

1126 CHAPTER 58] [1975

alleged offense occurred or cause of action arose within said district, municipality

or county, any other jurisdiction or venue statute to the conirary notwithstanding.

1:18 Law Enforcement Zone. Notwithstanding the provisions of RSA 1:17,

the code of criminal laws of the state as set forth in RSA Titles LVIII and LXII,

and the fish and game laws and regulations of the state in RSA Title XVIII shall

not be applied and enforced easterly of the outer line of the marginal sea as de.

fined in RSA 1:14, I, until such time as the governor by proclamation made with

the advice and consent of the council determines that the public interest requires

application of such laws and regulations easterly of such line and that the capacity

of the state so permits. The limitations contained in this section are without

Shorr to the claims of this state to the larger marine territory defined in RSA

1:14-16.

1:19 Penalty. Notwithstanding the provisions of RSA Title LXII, any per-

son, natural or otherwise, convicted of violating any rule, regulation or specific

laws promulgated for the purposes of protecting the rights enumerated in this

subdivision, shall be punished by a fine not to exceed ten thousand dollars.

580:2 Repeal. RSA 211:19 relative to the definition of waters under the

jurisdiction of the state, and all other acts and parts of acts inconsistent with this

act are hereby repealed.

580:3 Effective Date. This act shall take effect upon passage.

Approved July 5, 1973.]

Effective date July 5, 1973.]

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m Thomson, Jr.

The Honorsble Meldri

ire

tibew

Governor of New i

arr

ncerely,

Ss:

2 4

nner

Pet |

_—

vA. Cor

Govemor

eee

Tiss Zomerable Bisnard Upton

Cnaimcan, New Haapshire Fish

Centre Street

Concord, Nes Uampshire 03301

Dear Dick;

AS yOu enter further nesotiations with regmesencatives

fron the State of Maine soncernine the Louncary dispute relative

to ow lateral marine Dowdary, you my convey ay fim posiczioa

taat residents of is state hove the right to fish at least up

to the line known as “lLicnts on rare”.

Tuls stecemons is made without cxcjudice to our clain

- . . $2 ~J a -

for a more nortuerly boumlary, out is ane in an effort to clarify

Cur rosition so as 2 work towars & teeporary accumicdation pemiing

ultimate bhommdary agrectent.

| eel ae rare meneame aeaern eres . - — " r " “ Pref TR Se NRE TRL Saye Rea TARTAN EEE OEP EINE ee NOL BTM NEY EI ANI NT ORB eS

May 31, 1973

The Honorable

Warren B. Rudman

Attorney General

State House Annex

Consord, New Hampshire

Dear Mr. Rudman,

I appreciate the briefing which you, Deputy

Attorney General Souter, and Mr. Upton gave me

this afternoon relative to the boundary matter.

It is my understanding that,as a result of the

meeting, the boundary bill wili be changec to run

approximately lights on range to the Isles of

Shoals and then eastward on a 102° angle.

Purther, that you will be vrepeared to file a

suit in the 0. S. Supreme Court seeking the

establishment of our rightful maritime boundary

and such injunctive relief as may be necessary to

protect our fishermen in the presently disputed

area.

Please let me see vour pleadings ismediately

pricx to going to the printer and make your plans

tc see that the file is in the Supreme Court not

later then next Wednesday.

Sincerely,

Meldzrim Tnomsocn, Jr.

mr /tkp

50a

- ~ ee

Sila

ay Strte of Aluine

Executive Separhment

Augusta, Maine

04330

AENNETH M. CURTIS

GOVERNOR

June 8, 1973

David H. Souter

Deputy Attorney General

State of New Hampshire

Concord, New Hampshire

NPY AAA TLE oS DERE een ORLA Se SAIN Se Re Gee, Al ln tg Mia + Eases

Dear Mr. Souter:

This is to acknowledge receipt of three copies of the Motion

of the State of New Hampshire for Leave to File Complaint and Complaint

in New Hampshire v. Maine regarding the seaward boundary between the

two states.

Thank you for sending this material to me.

Sincerely,

“hf (Hs

-Kenne : ‘me

Governor

KMC:jk

Aon eRe, CR rae

Jon A. Lunp

ATTORNEY GENERAL

BU Rhee ere WA TS Aad,

a, RON gad 8

Sete tae Lis in ti

ee ee eae

52a

GEORGE C. WEsT

Joun W. BENOIT. JR.

RicHarp S. CoHEN

DEPUTY ATTORNEYS GENERAL

STATE OF MAINE

DEPARTMENT OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL

AuGusTa, MAINE 04330

July 9, 1973

David H. Souter, Esquire

Deputy Attorney General

Office of the Attorney General

State House Annex

Concord, New Hampshire

Re: New Hampshire v. Maine, Supreme Court of the United

States, October Term, 1972, No. 64, Original.

Dear Dave:

This is to confirm in writing the offer of the Maine

Interstate Boundary Commission to resume negotiations with

the New Hampshire Interstate Boundary Commission concerning

the marine boundary between Maine and New Hampshire.

After due consultation with the appropriate Maine

State Officials and the Maine Interstate Boundary Commission,

I can assure you that the Maine Commission is ready to resume

immediately the marine boundary negotiations with the New

Hampshire Commission. I can also assure you that the Maine

Commission appears to me to be willing to engage in these

negotiations in complete good faith, with an open mind and

a sincere desire to settle this matter fairly and promptly.

I can further assure you that it appears to me that the

Maine Commission will consider objectively all evidence,

principles, and arguments that may be presented by the

New Hampshire Commission, and that each member of the

Maine Commission will exercise his independent judgment

on all matters relating to the marine boundary.

Accordingly, if you can promptly render to me

Similar assurances, I would suggest that we agree to

request the Supreme Court of the United States to extend

the time for my reply brief to your Motion for Leave to

File Complaint, until July l, 1974.

53a

David H. Souter, Esquire

Page 2

July 9, 1973

I further suggest that the following procedure be

adopted in the resumed negotiations: that the Maine

Commission will cause to be presented in the initial sessions

such evidence, principles, and arguments relative to the

marine boundary as may be available at that time, all of

which are to be received with an open mind and viewed

objectively by the New Hampshire Commission; thereupon, the

New Hampshire Commission will cause to be presented in the

succeeding sessions such further evidence, principles, and

arguments relative to the marine boundary as may be available

at that time, all of which are to be received with an open

mind and viewed objectively by the Maine Commission. There-

after, each Commission will be afforded an opportunity to

present such further evidence, principles, and arguments as

each may wish to present. At the conclusion of all of which

presentations, the members of both Commissions will discuss

jointly and frankly all of the foregoing material and will

attempt to reach an equitable resolution of this matter.

Please inform me promptly as to whether or not the

above-stated assurances and suggested procedure are satis-

factory to you, and whether or not you can offer me similar

assurances.

Sincerely,

NW a le Ae

CHARLES R.\LAROUCHE

Assistant Attorney General

CRL/ec

cc: Honorable Kenneth M. Curtis, Governor of Maine

Mr. Richard N. Berry, Maine Interstate Boundary Commission

Mr. Frederick Brown, Maine Interstate Boundary Commission

Mr. Ernest Hoyt, Maine Interstate Boundary Commission

Spencer Apollonio, Commissioner, Sea and Shore Fisheries

54a

c Jon A. Lunp

ATTORNEY GENERAL Joun W. BENoIT. JR.

Ricgarp S. COHEN

DEPUTY ATTORNEYS GENERAL

STATE OF MAINE

DEPARTMENT OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL

AuGusTa, MaINE 04330

Se te Ne are

3 June 24, 1974

David H. Souter, Esqure

Deputy Attorney General

i Office of the Attorney General

j State House Annex

Concord, New Hampshire 03301

Re: New Hampshire v. Maine

Dear Dave:

Thank you for your letter of June 21. My secretary and I have

proofread the draft which you enclosed with your letter as agdinst

: the latest revision of my draft; she has written in in pen the

differences between my latest draft and your draft. I will add to

| my draft the sentence which you have added on page 2 at the bottom

: thereof concerning markers precisely as you have written it and

will incorporate therein the changes that you made concerning the

Boundary Commissioners of New Hampshire.

I hope that you and Dick Upton will reexamine the draft news

release carefully and give me a call if you see any further chmges

that may be needed.

| I also hope that you and Dick will finalize our draft "Motion

for Entry of Judgment by Consent of Plaintiff and Defendant," and get

) it to me by Wednesday morning early. I also hope that if there are

| any substantive changes at all that you or Dick would call me tomorrow

so that we can get the changes by telephone and get our draft in

finished form so that I can provide that to our Governor and Council.

Thanks for your cooperation.

Sincerely,

A; c:

CHARLES R. LAROUCHE

Assistant Attorney General

CRL:mfe

opus ; “eg v0 a

P.S. I suggest that we add a reference in the to amap showing tne

agreed boundary Line. ill have someone prepare such a map, will

reproduce it and send it to you hopefully before the end of today.

Fe that has” ick Upton vsrovide the additional referenced language

co t

Hy ; at /0;'06 2.m 7, meer |

~~ 55a

NEWS RELEASE

June 26, 1974

The Attorneys General of Maine and New Hampshire today

issued a joint public announcement oh ie the possible settle-

ment of the case involving the/marine boundary line between New

Hampshire and Maine which is now pending trial in the Supreme

Court of the United States.

Attorney General Lund of Maine and Attorney General

Rudman of New Hampshire announced that Counsel for the two states

have reached a tentative agreement for settlement of the marine

boundary line dispute. Counsel for the two States have agreed

to submit to the Supreme Court a "Motion for Entry of Judgment

by Consent of Plaintiff and Defendant" which would specify the

precise marine boundary line, provided the Governor and Executive

Council of each of the two States approves the proposed settle-

ment. -

Attorney General Lund and Attorney General Rudman stated

that each of them would immediately submit the proposed settlement

of the case to his respective Governor and Executive Council with

a statement of the basis for the settlement and would recommend

that it be approved by them as being a fair resolution of the

dispute.

The proposed settlement would place the marine boundary

line in the middle of the main channel of navigation of the

Piscataqua River, commencing in the vicinity of Fort Point, New

Hampshire and Fishing Island, Maine, proceeding southward along

the channel range line indicated by the range lights located in

-2-

56a

the vicinity of Peppers1l Cove, Kittery Point, Maine, and as that

channel line is marked on the Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart re kD

Eighth Edition. The settlement would stipulate that this channel

ends at a point which bears 195° true and a distance of 1700 yards

from Whaleback Lighthouse, No. 19, een hoe Latitude 43°-02' -42 .5"

North and Longitude 70°-42'-06" West.

The settlement would also place the marine boundary line

in the middle of the main channel of navigation of Gosport Harbor;

it would stipulate that the middle of shis channel is as marked on

Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart 211, Eighth Edition, by the bottom

Blache White clele I heo-tas,

of — Buoy symbol; and it would agree that this channel ends

at a point which sears, and a distance of 1850 yards from

the Isles of Shoals Lighthouse, No. 20, siete scomieenate 42 °-58' -55”"

North and Longitude 70°-37'-39.5" West. The settlement would

finally provide that the marine boundary line connecting these

two agreed channel termination points is a straight line, the

bearing from the Piscataqua River channel termination point towards

the Gosport Harbor channel termination point being 139° true, and

the reverse bearing being 319° true.

The proposed settlement involves a merging of the two

main principles advocated by Counsel for the two States: the mid- wie.

channel theory advanced by Maine, and the straight line theory ot

New Hampshire, and an agreement as to the location of these harbor

channels and their termination Points. Provision will be made

for installation and maintenance of suitable markers and/or

navigation aids to locate the boundary as settled, the costs of

which will be shared equally by the two States, subject to any

applicable federal regulations.

57a

The proposed settlement is the product of several years

of negotiation between the two States. Boundary Commissioners

of the two States were appointed by their respective Governors

following a resolution by the Legislature of each State in 1971.

The Maine Boundary Commission Delegation consisted of Senator

Richard N. Berry, Chairman, of Cape Elizabeth, Ernest F. Hoyt of

Kittery, and Frederick S. Brown of Kittery. The New Hampshire

Boundary Commission Delegation consisted of John R. Bradshaw,

Chairman, of Nelson, Richard F. Upton of Concord, David H. Souter,

He.

Deputy se General of New Hampshire, of se icleaae J.

Murphy, Jr, Af 'Portsmouth and Geno J. Marconi of Portsmouth.

Mr. Upton also serves as Special Counsei for New

Hampshire in the pending litigation, as well as Chairman of the

New Hampshire Fish and Game Commission.

When the negotiations were resumed last fall, Maine

Assistant Attorneys General Charles R. Larouche and Robert J.

Stolt aa Ly assisted in the boundary negotiations. Since

January /the negotiations have been conducted principally by the

Attorney General's Office of Maine and Special Counsel for New

Hampshire.

58a

Jon A. Lunp

ATTORNEY GENERAL

Joan W. Benort. JR

Ricwarp S. COHEN

CEPUTY ATTORNEYS GENERAL

STATE OF MAINE

DEPARTMENT OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL

AuGusTA, MAINE 04330

June 24, 1974

David H. Souter, Esquire

Deputy Attorney General

Attorney General’s Office

State House Annex

Concord, New Hampshire 03301

Re: New Hampshire v. Maine

Dear Dave:

Since mailing my first letter to you this morning, I have

drafted a new paragraph 1l (see draft copy attached) to the "Motion

for Entry of Judgment by Consent of Plaintiff and Defendant." Please

examine the language carefully and let me know of any desired change.

The line is being drawn on three copies of C & GS Chart 21ll,

Eighth Edition, right now. I will send you two copies in a mailing

tube this afternoon; one is for your office and the other should be

attached to the "Motion." I will keep one for our Office.

I have assumed that the language in the "Motion" re markers,

which you and Dick Upton will draft, will be about the same as you

included in your draft of the News Release. I included that as

Paragraph 12 with the attached draft of paragraph ll. Please examine

and let me know by telephone Tuesday morning of any changes to either

Paragraph ll or 12 or the News Release, or the map.

Thanks for your cooperation.

Sincerely,

oe 4 .

( faet—

CHARLES R. LAROUCHE

Assistant Attorney General

CRL:mfe

enc.

cc: Richard F. Upton, Esq.

59a

ll. The boundary line delimited hereinabove is depicted

by a heavy black line with the words "Maine" and "New Hampshire"

above and below that line on the Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart

211, Eighth Edition, attached hereto.

12. Provision will be made for installation and maintenance

of suitable markers and/or navigation aids to locate the boundary

as settled, the costs of which will be shared equally by the two

States, subject to any applicable federal reguiations.

a at Els in a.

60a

THOMSON - CURTIS COMPACT

Resolutions Concerning Settlement of the

Lateral Marine Boundary Dispute Between

New Hampshire and Maine

Whereas there is pending in the United States Supreme Court an

action brought by The State of New Hampshire against The State of Maine,

entitled No. 64, Original, State of New Hampshire, plaintiff v. State of

Maine, defendant, to determine and define the location of the lateral

marine boundsery between the two states from Portsmouth Harbor on tne

mainland to Gosport Harbor in the Isles of Shoals; and

Whereas the Attorney General of New Hampshire and special counsel

for this State and the Attorney General of Maine have reached an agreement.

to recommend a proposed settlement of the iktemuse by means of a consent

decree to be presented to the United States Supreme Court for its approval;

and

Whereas the proposed settlement appears tJ in the public

interest and will result in substantial savings in costs of litigation

as well as avoidance of the uncertainty of what the decision of the

case would be if contested to final judgment;

Now therefore Be It Resolved by the Governor and Council of The

State of New Hampshire as follows:

l. That the Attorney General and special counsel for this State

be and they hereby are authorized to enter into a proposed consent decree,

subject to the approval of the United States Supreme Court, which will

contain in substance the following provisions with respect to the said

lateral marine boundary:

(a) The source of the latera . marine boundary line between Nei:

Hampshire and ‘aine lies in the Order of the Kinz in Council of Aucus:

1749, which Unver orovidel:

61a

"And as to the Northern Boundary between the said

Provinces, the Court Resolve and Determine, That the

Dividing Line shall pass up thro the Mouth of Piscataqua

Harbour and up the Middle of the River into the River of

Newichwannock (part of which is now called Salmon Falls)

and thro the Middle of the same to the furthest Head

thereof and from thence North two Degrees Westerly until

One Hundred and Twenty Miles be finished from the Mouth

of Piscataqua Harbour aforesaid or until it meets with

His Majestys other Governments And That the Dividing

Line shall part the Isles of Shoals and run thro the

Middle of the Harbour between the Islands to the Sea

- on the Southerly Side; and that the Southwesterly part

of the said Islands shall lye in and be accounted part

of the Province of New Hampshire And that the North

Easterly part thereof shall lye in, and be accounted

part of the Province of the Massachusetts Bay and be

held and enjoyed by the said Provinces respectively

in the same manner as they now do and have heretofore

held and enjoyed the same... .

(>) The terms "Middle of the River” and "Middle of the Harbour”

as used in the above-quoted Order mean the middle of the main channel of

navigation of the Piscataqua River and the middle of the main channel of

navigation of Gosport Harbor.

River, commencing in the vicinity of Fort Point, New Hampshire and Fishing

Island, Maine, proceeding southward, is as indicated by the range lights

located in the vicinity of Pepperrell Cove, Kittery Point, Maine, and it

follows the range line as marked on the Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart ell,

8th Edition.

(d) The main channel of navigation of the Piscataqua River termin-

ates at a point which bears 195° true and a distance of 1,700 yards from

Whaleback Lighthouse, (No. 19, USCG-158), at Latitude 43°-02'-42.5" North

and Loneitude 70°-42'-06" West.

62a

(e) The middle of the main channel of navigation of Gosport

Harbor is as marked on Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart ell, 8th Edition,

indicated by the bottom of the Bell Buoy symbol.

(f) The main channel of navigation of Gosport Harbor terminates at

a point which bears 349.5° true and a distance of 1,850 yards from the Isles

of Shoals Lighthouse, (No. 20, USCG-158), at Latitude 42°-58'-55" North

and Longitude 70°-37'-39.5" West. :

(g) The lateral marine boundary line between New Hampshire and

Maine connecting the channel termination points is a straight line.

(h) The lateral marine boundary line between New Hampshire and

Maine from the termination of the Piscataqua River channel, as defined in

Subparagraph (d) above, proceeds toward Gosport Harbor on a bearing of

139° true.

(i) The lateral marine boundary line between New Hampshire and

Maine from the termination of the Gosport Harbor channel, as defined in

Subparagraph (f) above, proceeds toward Piscataqua River on a bearing of

319° true.

2. That the Attorney General and special counsel be and they

“hereby are authorized to agree to such minor variations, if any, in the

courses, distances and locations set forth in paragraph 1 above as may be

disclosed to be necessary by final calculation, and to such further pro-

visions in such proposed consent decree as may be found necessary and

proper, in their opinion, to carry out the intent and purpose of this

settlement and to protect the interests of this State, including (but

not limited to) provision for installation and maintenance of suitable

63a

markers and/or nindeationsl aids and devices to locate the boundary as

settled (consistent with federal law and regulations), the cost of which

will be shared equally by the two states.

3. That the approval of the proposed settlement by the Governor

and Council is conditioned upon like approval thereof by the Governor and

Council of the State of Maine on or before July 15, 1974, and is given

without prejudice to the rights of the State of New Hampshire in the event

the Governor and Council of the State of Maine do not approve the proposed

settlement or in the event the proposed settlement is disapproved by the

United States Supreme Court.

In witness whereof, we, the Governor and the Executive Councilors

of the State of New Hampshire, have signed these resolutions this twenty-

sixth day of June, nineteen hundred and seventy-four.

a ee Seal eel

—— ee

Srate or Maine

DerartMent oF tHE ATTORNEY GENERAL

Aucusra, Marne 04330

July 10, 1974

Richard F. Upton, Esquire

Upton, Sanders & Upton

10 Centre Street

Concocd, Wew Hampshire 03301

Dear Richard:

shis is to infora you tnat the Governor and Council of Maine

this morning gave their appzoval to our recommended resolution of

New Hampshire v. Maine. Enclosed herewith is a copy of the Order

of the Governor and Council reflecting treir approval.

I have also enclosed a copy of Atcorcney General .Lund's letter

to the Governoc and council, dated Cune 20, 1974, which explains

the natuce of the settlement and the Dasis for it.

Accordingly, Maine is prepared to proceed immediately with

submission of the iiotion foc Entry of Judgment Sy consent of

SlaintifZ and %»fendant in this case. - crust that you will

expedite firming up che preliminacy dscaft of thac lotion and tne

Order of the Speciai Master that should accompany the ‘4otion. i

hope that you will be able to transmit that 3caft to the peincter

by Friday afternoon of this week, wich a copy +o =2. - would aisc

appceciats it if you would ask the serinter to send m2 2 copy of

the proof as soon as it is ready.

this morning and nave exaiuzned

I caceived your letcer of July °&

and =< concur in tnat rcevis.on.

the enclosed revision of the last page,

I would suggest another mo@ification to the preliminacy draft

of the Motion, as follows:

Qn page 2 oe the First nusbeced patagr2pn, inserc

between the word “to” and tne words "che innes

Gosport Harbor" the following words - “the Dreax-

water at tne end of."

65a

Richard F. Upton, Esquire 22e July 10, 1974

I also concur in your suggested modification of the first para-

graph at the top of page 2, to have the phrase "each such Governor

and each such Executive Councillor" changed to read “the Governor

and Council of each State."

I understand that you find that the map showing the black line

on chart 211 with the words Maine and New Hampshire above and below

that line is satisfactory to you.

I am continuing to double check with experts in geography and

cartography, etc. our description of this boundary line and hope to

ficm it up to my satisfaction no later than tomorrow (Thursday,

July 11), and I trust that you will do likewise, to your own satis-

faction. I will in any event advise you of my findings no later

than Friday morning, July 12. Present indications ace that there

will be no change watever in the mechod of description.

Also enclosed herewith plees2 find a copy of a letter to Mr.

Justice Clark, which I sent today to hin, and a copy to David Souter.

F Yours truly,

CHARLES 8. LAROUCH=

Assistant Attorney General

CRL: mfe

encs.

Ad entinlleh hs CHK

cn ad

66a

Srate or Maine

DePaRTMENT OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL

Aucusra, Marne O4330

July 10, 1574

fhe Honorable Tom Cc. Clark

Justice, Supreme Court of the

United States (Retired)

Chambers, ‘Mited States Supreme Court

Washington, D.C. 20543

re: No. 54, Originai = State of New Hampshire vs. State of Maine

Dear mr. Justice Clark

I have the honor to inform vou that counsel for the State of

New Hampshire and tne tate of Maine have reached acreement for

settlement of the marine boundary line dispute in the reference

case. ‘T‘ounsel have agreed to submit to the Supreme Court of the

United States a ‘Mction for Entry of Judgment Sy Consent of

Plaintiff and Defendant," which would specify the pracisze marine

beundary iine provided the Governor and Councii of each of the

two states approve tne proposed settlement. -~-h1is morning che

Governor and executive Council of Maine approved tne reconmenda-

tion of the Attorney General of -Maine for setterent of this action

in tnis manner. Counsel of New Hampshire have informed me that

the Governor and Council of New Hampshire approved this sropos2d

settlement two weeks aco.

Mr. Upton and I ase in the process of firming up a joint

Motion for submission to you in the near future.

In view of this development, it would seem that ther2 is now

no need for further pretrial submissions, as specified in vour

Pretrial Order of April 29, 1974.

in any event, you will hear from us further not later than tne

end of July.

> — Eousting thet the foregoing is satisfactory to you, I am

ee tee ras

¢ aS anaes i 8 %

a Pe - we Sa Ah FS Most cespectfully yours,

Ie. Ly sek

a CHARLES 2. LAROUCHE

CRE:mfe SCiied Assistant Attorney General

+ Anzvrg Younbiih :

cc: David 8. Souter, Zsquire

* Richard ¥. Upton, Zsquire

tee eS eens

1 ne Cob De Deb S HN Ae ats

Wath srl a RSet tes a2 eA Dive vA A

ee oe ae ae

4688

State of Maine

; JUL 1 0 1974

In Counal,

Department,_Attorney General

ORDERED,

e of New Hampshire v- Maine,

That the proposed settlement of the cas

f the United States, October Term,

No. 64, Original, Supreme Court oO

t of Plaintiff and

1972, by “Motion for Entry of Judgment by Consen

ral, marine boundary

Defendant," which Motion would specify the late

line between New Hampshire and Maine from the inner Portsmouth Harbor

to the inner Gosport Harbor in substantially the manner described

in the attached preliminar draft co of that Motion, is approved

by the Governor and Executive

Council.

Statement of Facts

1 to the Governor and council,

ana recommending that

A letter from the Attorney Genera

air resolution

stating the basis for the proposed settlement,

it be approved by the Governor and Council as being a f

of the dispute, 1s attached hereto.

A copy of the Memorandum of Meeting of May 30, 1974, by the Maine-

New Hampshire Boundary Commission, Maine Section, commenting on the

proposed settlement, is also attached hereto.

of a portion of C & GS Chart

Also enclosed herewith is a cCOpy

211, showing the boundary line placed on its maps since 1916-17 by

the U.S. Geological Survey, which is shown by a heavy black dashed

line; also on this map is the New Hampshire "Lights in Range Line, "

which is shown by a solid green line; and also shown on this map is

the proposed boundary settlement line, shown by 4 solid red line.

the Governor and Council, there

with

For the further information of

is enclosed herewith a copy of New Hampshire's Complaint,

Appendix map, and Maine's Answer thereto.

Council, and by the Governor approved.

car f State.

HO sO 0

7OH39 11 191974

don A. Lunn

ATONE COT AML Go: ayy Joun W. B-6Sar. Jnr.

Wh: hy Ricuarn S. COHEN

& ° 8

a oS ae DEPUTY ATTOANETS GENERAL

ne ae Slt pod '

STATE OF MAINE

DEPARYTMENT OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL

Aucusta, MAINE 04330

June 20, 1974

Honorable Kenneth M. Curtis

Governor of Maine

State House

Augusta, Maine 04330

Honorable Harvey Johnson

Chairman, Executive Council

Executive Department

State Hous?

ugusta, Maine

Re: State of New Hampshir2 v. State or Maine

Gentlemen:

I have the honor to transmit to you here with a draft Council

Order, with explanatory papers attach ea thereto, and described in

the Or@er, concerning the New Hampshire v. Maine, No. 64 Original,

Supreme Court of the United States, Stober Term, 1972, case.

Counsel for the two States have reached a tentative agreement

for settlement of the marine boundary line dispute invoived in this

case. Counsel have agreed to submit to the Supreme Court of the

United States a "Motion for Entry of Judgment by Consent of Plainti

and Defendant," which would specify the pr acise marine boundary lin

provided the Governor and Executive Council of each of the two Stat

approve the proposed settlement.

aad

The proposed ag eagerenh would place the marine az

the middle of the main channel of navigation of the Piscata

commencing in the Acinite of Fort Point, New Hampshire and

Island, Maine, proceeding southward along the channel range

indicated by the rangs lights located in the vicinity of Pep

Cove, Kittery Point, Maine, and as that channel line al mark:

Coast and Geodetic Survey Chart 211, Eighth Edition.

would stipulate that this channel ends at a point nich bears

true and a distance of 1700 yards froia Whaleback Lighthouse, ho.

a bh:

Rs OQ bh:

3 OW °

pis ee

cr fs ‘TGreiyiyG

ce fu (De

ovo O0R 2

> et

17)

tk ot

ial ied SSN

. 69a

morable Fonneth MH. Curcis

fonoravle Harvey Johnson

Page 2

June 20, 1974

3-158 Latitude 43°-62'-42.5" North and Longitui2 70°-42*-06"

USCC

West.

The settlement woullt also place the marine boundary line in the

middle of the main channel of navigation of Gosport Harbor; it would

stipulate that the miudie of this chanaesl is as marked on Coast and

Geodetic Survey Cnart 211, Eighth Edition, by the bottom of the Bell

Buoy symbol; and it would agree that this channel ends at a point

which bears 34%%°true and a distance of 1850 yards from the Isles of

Shoals Lighthouse, No. 20, USCG-158 Latitude 42°-53'55" North and

Longitude 70°-37*-329.5" West.

The settlement would finally provide that the marine boundary

line connecting these two agreed channel termination points is a

straight line, the bearing from the Piscataqua River channel termina-

tion point towards the Gosvort Harbor channel termination point being

139° true, and the reverse bearing being 319° true.

The proposed ‘settlement involves a merging of the two main

principles advocated Sy Counsel for the two States: the mid-channel

theory advanced by Maine, and the straight line theory by New Hampshire,

and an agreement as to the location of these harbor channels and their

termination points.

The provosed settlement is the product of several years of negotia-

tion between the two States. Several of my Assistants have conducted

intensive factual, historical and legal research in connection with

this litigation during the past year. It is their opinion and mine

that the proposed settlement is a fair resolution of this dispute and

that disposition of this action in this manner would be in the best

interest of this State.

Accoraingly, I ee gene request that you indicate your approval

of my proposed action in t

JAL:mfe i

cc: Honorable Richard WW. Logan

Honorable Hattie M. Bickmore

Honoravle Howard W. Mayo

Honoradle Harold G. Clarx

Honorable Clyde A. Hichborna

Honora®l? Herald J. Backett

ee ee ee ee

SER Stee 2 we as.

'70a

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71a

IN THE

SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES

4 OCTOBER TERM, 1972

NO. 64, ORIGINAL

BAR econ

THE STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, Plaintiff

Vv.

THE STATE OF MAINE, Defendant >

BRIEF IN OPPOSITION

TO MOTION TO INTERVENE

JON A. LUND

| Attorney General

CHARLES R. LAROUCHE

Office of the Attorney General

State House, Augusta, Maine 04330

Counsel for Defendant The State

of Maine

ROBERT J. STOLT

Assistant Attorney General =

Of Counsel

72a

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES.....-. 0, ccccccccccscseccccsseeeeeees ii

em og cdeucsceveneneuss CO are alt el ae 1

DRIED. 5 a ccccoscesececaseesenestnse pete eR eal Pe cg 2

; I. THE ELEVENTH AMENDMENT BARS THE

PROPOSED INTERVENTION......- rr aa ii ea i Oe ae ® 2

: II. MOVANTS HAVE NO PRIVATE INTEREST

: IN THE PROPERTY OR TRANSACTION WHICH

: IS THE SUBJECT OF THIS ACTION........-..-++--: 4

5 III. ANY INTEREST WHICH MOVANTS MAY HAVE

| IN THIS ACTION IS PROPERLY REPRESENTED

} BY THE STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE.......-----+--- 5

CONCLUSION. ..---seeeeee% CM ORSEECESESEES ES DVHEDE KE REV OC SORE

WY © bans

Fe en ee

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES

CASES Page

Chisholm v. Georgia, 2 Dall. 419 (1792)...---eeeeeeeeeerrers 3

Coggeshall v. Harbor Comm., 146 A. 482, 50 R.I.

175 (1929)...---eeeeees Senet Tee er et kt oe. 4

Florida v. Georgia, 17 How. 478 (1855)...-+--+. eer ree <i

Hans v. Louisiana, 134 U.S. 1, 10-11, 14-16 (1890)....-62-. 3

Hollingsworth v. virginia, 3 Dall. 378 (1798) ..--2-eeeee ea) ve

Kentucky v. Indiana, 281 u.S. 163, 173, 174 (1930) .pcccces %

LeClair v. Swift, D. Wis., 76 F. Supp. 729 (1948)...---++-- 4

New Jersey v. New York, 345 y.8. 369, 372. 373 (1953)....-- 4

Oklahoma v. TeunS, 252 U.S. 372 (1920)..---+0eeeerrcerrec 3

Oklahoma v. Texas, 253 U.S. 46S (1920)... eee cece eccccees 3

Oklahoma v. Texas, 254 U.S. 669 (1920)...-- eee ee eeerercres 3

Rhode Island v. Massachusetts, 12 Pet. 657 (1838)..-.--+-+- 5

Utah v. United States, 394 U.S. 89, 95 (1969).-..---- egies ys

CONSTITUTION

u. S. Const., Art. III, § 2, Gls: Bic daicviave® Pee ee 3

Bo eee, 5 DR Ths csscccescnseserserascess seer ress” 3

MISCELLANEOUS

U. S. §.Ct., Rule 9(2)....---- cesbessovencess Ceeneanene woes 4

F.R.Civ.P. 24(a)(2)-----eeee0 ceecee enue eeeversneen err. ae

ii.

73a

IN THE

SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES

OCTOBER TERM, 1972

NO. 64, ORIGINAL

THE STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, Plaintiff

Vv.

THE STATE OF MAINE, Defendant

BRIEF IN OPPOSI'TION TO

MOTION TO INTERVENE

Maine opposes the Motion to Intervene on the following

grounds:

1. Such intervention by citizens of New Hampshire would

constitute prosecution of a suit against the State of Maine by

; the citizens of another state, in contravention of Amendment 11,

Constitution of the United States.

; 2. The movants have no private interest in the property or

transaction which is the subject of the action.

3. Any interest which the movants may have in this action

is properly represented by the State of New Hampshire.

STATEMENT

This action was commenced by New Hampshire against Maine on

June 6, 1973, by docketing with the Clerk of this Court a Motion

for Leave to File Complaint. Subsequently, New Hampshire filed a

Maine opposed both motions.

Motion for Preliminary Injunction.

AS Rae Hap vg

Sah antl oe

Sade inane

AR AE

BN de est ade atest Se

STERILE IY PRE RAI

ME AERIS

75a

The Motion for Preliminary Injunction was denied, the Motion for

Leave to File Complaint was granted and a Special Master was

appointed. On April 1, 1974, Maine filed its Answer.

On September 23, 1974, Counsel for the two states filed a

Motion for Entry of Judgment by Consent of Plaintiff and Setentant.

Counsel therein represented to the Court that after long and careful

study they had come to agreement as to the pertinent facts and the

applicable legal principles determinative of this action, and that

the proposed judgment was in the best interest of each State.

Counsel also represented to the Court that, after full explanation,

the Governor and Executive Council of each State concurred in that

conclusion. The Motion to Intervene contains nothing contrary to

anything in the foregoing Statement.

Movants represent that they claim reasonably and in good faith

that the true boundary line is the “lights in range” line. Motion

to Intervene, p. 19. They fault the Attorney General and Deputy

Attorney General of New Hampshire, as well as Special Counsel for

New Hampshire, for refusing actively to present to this Court such

claim. Id. On the other hand, movants have submitted no proposed

pleading incorporating this claim. Instead, movants have offered

to adopt the Complaint already filed by Counsel for New Hampshire

(Motion to Intervene, p. 21), which Complaint does not include a

claim of the “lights in range” line.

ARGUMENT o

THE ELEVENTH AMENDMENT BARS THE PROPOSED INTERVENTION

The jurisdiction of this Court has been invoked by New

Hampshire under Article III, Section 2, Clause 2, Constitution of

the United States, which provides:

tiles Banay Ld Oe SES Rae ee a RES

iets ek

de at he

76a

"In all Cases affecting Ambassadors,

other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in

which a State shall be a Party, the Supreme Court

shall have original Jurisdiction."

In Chisholm v. Georgie, 2 Dall., 419 (1792), the Court sustained

its’ jurisdiction to entertain an action brought against Georgia by a

citizen of another state. Because of that decision, Amendment 11,

Constitution of the United States, was adopted, which reads:

“The Judicial power of the United States shall

not be construed to extend to any suit in law or

equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the

United States by Citizens of another State, or by

Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State.”

This Amendment prohibits the extension of the Court's Article III,

Section 2, Clause 2, original jurisdiction to an action against a

State by citizens of another State. Hollingsworth v. Virginia, 3

Dall. 378 (1798).

While it is clear that the sovereign State of New Hampshire .has

authority to commence and prosecute this action, it is equally clear

that the sovereign State of Maine is entitled, under the Eleventh

Amendment, to be free of actions which are either “commenced or

prosecuted" by citizens of another State, including movants. Maine

objects to movants' request to be allowed to take part in the

prosecution of this action.

No case cited by movants supports the proposition that a citizen

of another State can, through intervention, prosecute a suit against

one of the United States over the objection of that State. There

l/ See Hol Lingsworth v. aCe 3 Dall. 378 (1798); Hans v.

Louisiana, 134 U.S. 10-11, 14-16 (1890)..

2/ Movants cite Florida v. Georgia, 17 How. 478 (1855); but that

case involved the Attorney General of the United States inter-

vening in his capacity as the Attorney General, representing

the special interests of the United States. Movants also cite

Oklahoma v. Texas, 253 U.S. 465 (1920) and Oklahoma v. Texas,

254 U.S. 609 (1920). However, the individuals in those cases

were simply claimants before the United States Receiver. See

Oklahoma v. Texas, 252 U.S. 372 (1920).

dee hones Mette slat Det eae

Be aa eas RR he nna aT

atest dein shat rte

Rae

77a

is no such authority. The Eleventh Amendment plainly precludes it.

II.

MOVANTS HAVE NO PRIVATE INTEREST IN

THE PROPERTY OR TRANSACTION WHICH IS

THE SUBJECT OF THIS ACTION.

Movants contend that they are entitled to intervene as of right

under Rule 24(a)(2), F.R.Civ.P. Pretermitting the Eleventh Amendment

bar, and assuming sites the applicability of that Rule to the

instant action, we submit that movants fail to meet the first criteria

for such entitlement under that Rule. Movants have no private

“interest relating to the property or transaction which is the

subject of the action. ., ."

The only property involved in this action is that which lies

beneath the water in the disputed area. None of the movants claim

to have any proprietary interest therein. While they do claim to

have a license to fish, such license is simply a privilege, creating

no proprietary interest. LeClair v. Swift, D. Wis. 76 F. Supp. 729

(1948); Coggeshall v. Harbor Comm., 146 A. 482, 50 R.I. 175 (1929).

The "transaction" which is the subject of this action is the

determination of the lateral marine boundary between these two States

in the area between inner Portsmouth Harbor and the breakwater at

the end of Gosport Harbor. The individual citizen does not have

3/ The Court has said that its Rule 9(2) refers to the Rules of

Civil Procedure as a guide only where their application is

appropriate. It has indicated that the federal rules of inter-

vention are inappropriate. Intervention denied in Utah v.

United States, 394 U.S. 89, 95 (1969) saying that its juris-

diction was to be invoked sparingly. Kentucky v. Indiana, 281

U.S. 163, 173, 174 (1930), denied citizens the right to litigate

a contract between two states, because the state “must be deemed

to represent all its citizens." New Jersey v. New York, 345 U.S.

369, 372, 373 (1953), intervention by Philadelphia denied,

avoiding the Eleventh Amendment question, because “our original

jurisdiction should not be thus expanded to the dimensions of

ordinary class actions." It then stated a special rule:

“An intervenor whose state is already a party should

have the burden of showing some compelling interest,

in his own right, apart from his interest in a class

with all other citizens and creatures of the state,

which interest is not properly represented by the state."

At 373.

Movants patently fail all parts of this test.

wie

78a

private interest in such a transaction. The determination of a

boundary line between States involves a public matter relating to

State sovereignty, jurisdiction and dominion. When such a matter

is before this Court, it presents a judicial question. Rhode Island

v. Massachusetts, 12 Pet. 657 (1838); Florida v. Georgia, 17 How.

478 (1855). The movants here are all acting in their private capacity

as citizens of New Hampshire. They “have no separate individual right

to contest in such a suit the position taken by the State itself."

Kentucky v. Indiana, 281 U.S. 163, 173 (1930).

Accordingly, it is clear that the movants do not have a private

“interest in the transaction which is the subject of the action,"

within the meaning of Rule 24(a)(2), F.R.Civ.P.

Iit.

ANY INTEREST WHICH MOVANTS MAY HAVE IN

THIS ACTION IS PROPBRLY REPRESENTED BY

THE STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE,

It appears from the pleadings and pretrial memoranda in this

action that the Attorney General and Deputy Attorney General of

New Hampshire and the Special Counsel for New Hampshire have been

actively pursuing the best interests of New Hampshire concerning the

determination of the lateral marine boundary between New Hampshire

and Maine for the past four years. It also appears from those papers

that they have earnestly sought to obtain the most favorable deter-

mination of that issue which the pertinent facts and applicable legal

principles would permit.

Therefore, whatever interests movants may have in the subject of

this action, they are properly represented by the State of New

Hampshire. This conclusion is not altered by anything in the Motion

to Intervene. That Motion contains three allegations of error.

First, movants say that the proposed method of resolving this contro-

‘

}

;

versy by a Motion for Entry of Judgment by Consent of Plaintiff and

Defendant, is procedurally improper. However, we submit that this

RE EER PALIN

PS GRE EIEN LES IEE RS HT RIS SN

Vag penalties

7 inne aes eet:

79a

procedure is clearly proper and we are confident that Counsel for

New Hampshire will fully dispose of this meritless contention in a

Brief which he will submit on that issue to the Special Master.

The second allegation of error contained in the Motion to

Intervene is that the proposed boundary would make it “necessary

for petitioners to traverse Maine waters in order to reach their

ports on the New Hampshire mainland." Motion to Intervene, p. 5.

We submit that examination of either the language in the proposed

judgment (see paragraph 4, p. 2, Motion for Entry of Judgment by

Consent of Plaintiff and Defendant), or the map which was filed

with it, will clearly reveal that this allegation is false. Since

the boundary follows the middle of the main channel of navigation

into Portsmouth Harbor, the citizens of each State will have equal

access into that harbor and none of them will have to traverse waters

of the other State.

The third allegation of error in the Motion to Intervene is

that the “lights in range" line is the true boundary line.: However,

while faulting Counsel for New Hampshire for not advancing that claim,

movants simultaneously abandon that claim by choosing, without

explanation, not to present a Complaint alleging it, but, instead,

offering to adopt for themselves the Complaint filed by the State

of New Hampshire, which Complaint does not include that claim.

Such hollow allegations, spurious fault-finding and self-contradiction

would seem to justify the conclusion that this Motion to Intervene

is frivolous.

aie

RASA cR a oe

—

he See ee

ae ae ee ee

CONCLUSION

WHEREFORE, Maine respectfully submits that the Motion to

Intervene is patently meritless and that it should be summarily

denied.

Respectfully submitted,

i | Mee,

JON A. LUND

Attorney General

i ” -) :

[feakin(C y ay an

CHARLES R: AAROUCHE

Assistant Attorney General

Counsel for State of Maine

ROBERT J. STOLT

Assistant Attorney General

of Counsel

October ll, 1974.

80a

Ge wie eee

SIRNAS Ao ad isa gece DO a

sana ba 5 2095

IN THE

SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES

OCTOBER TERM, 1973

NO. 64, ORIGINAL

THE STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, Plaintiff

THE STATE OF MAINE, Defendant

PLAINTIFF'S BRIEF IN OPPOSITION

TO MOTION TO INTERVENE

WARREN RUDMAN

Attorney General

DAVID SOUTER

Deputy Attorney General

RICHARD F. UPTON

Special Counsel

10 Centre St.

Concord, N.H. 03301

Counsel for Plaintiff,

The State of New Hampshire

82a

SO et a teens 1 es oa

Table of Conteyz?3

Page

Introductory Statement

sik he rds ‘SAA dines aed

Such Intervention, If Permitted, Woul: In Effect

Constitute the Prosecution of a Suit gainst

The State of New Hampshire Without 1:5 Consent,

and Such a Suit Is Barred under the tectrine of

Sovereign Immunity. --+--+---***"'"*"* "°°

ES nee

sb nd

II. The Petitioners Have No Private Proverty Interests

in the Taking of Fish and Lobsters {2 the Disputed

Area;Their Interest Is No Greater Than That of Any

Member of the General Public of New Eampshire.

— ab

AE ate Rn See RE

aM Boh sake P

CNS PCE ee

III. Any Interest Which the Petitioners May Have Is

Represented by the Plaintiff, The Stace of New

Hampshire, and Petitioners Have Not Shown Just ;

Cause for Intervention. .-+++-***"* "*° 13

sow

eo cash WON VA A ne

83a

Dp TY RELIES FT

Tables of Authorities Cited

Cases

Page

Christian v. Atlantic & No. Car. R. Co., 133 U.S. 233.....-.-.-- 5

Duhne v. New Jersey, 251 U.S. 3ll.cccccccccccsccccccccsccsscsces 4

Florida v. Georgia, 58 U.S. 478... ..ccveccccervessecessevcssacers 10

: Hans v. Louisiana, 134 U.S. L.wsseeeesoeeees Wbe peed ebb ee senanes 4

Kentucky v. Indiana, 281 U.S. L63....ceeeeeeesersecerescsscccens 13

New Jersey v. Delaware, 291 U.S. B6lLivcsessereeceececesessvececs 12

New Jersey v. New York, 345 U.S. i sect sebekateyenboesiene oS”

Oklahoma v. Texas, 253 U.S. ea a ee ee er ee ee ee ee 13

i Percy Summer Club v. Astle, 163 Fed. Lissssccccsccsccccccceeeses 7

Principality of Monaco v. Mississippi, 292 U.S. Bid ccevccccsccsese 4

: Rhode Island v. Massachusetts, 12 Peters 657....eseeseseseceeees 11

Rothrock v. Loon Island, 96 N.H. 421... cece ever ese reereccecseces 4

SViehihe sat ape y BAY

St. Regis Paper Co. v. Board, OP BB, 1GRiccvcccestecscosssceves 6, 7

State Vv. Dow, 78 N.H. Dis ob bb 6660 OOP O50 6400980560600 000086800608 = 7

State Vv. Roberts, 59 N.H. Tere Perry TT TT YET PTT reer ee 7

State Ve Swift, 101 N.H. y RE aa eet ree ye ee ee eoeneeeee ee 12

Utah Vv. U.S., 394 U.8. Seer rrr sre ere ee? ee ee Te + - 15

Whitcher Vv. State, 87 N.H. BE ccc cece edosencerecceccesessceseseos 8

Statutes

Ch. 131, Maine Session Laws, 197L...sesesscceesecccseceees bebeee 9

Ch. 429, N. H. Session Laws, 1L97L...ccceeecececcvcceseccsseces ee 9

43 U.S. Code, 88. 1301, 13LL.. cen cccccccccccvecccccscccccceses 5

15 U.S. Treaties 1608... cccccccccccceccccccccccvcvccccccces verre |

Misc.

“Power of attorney general to settle and compromise

or dismiss suit" 81 ALR 124......... ae reabeuene ckaspesewce icnske

"States", 8. 216(c), 81 C.J.S. 1320... ccceccerscrecccees ee

IN THE

SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES

OCTOBER TERM, 1973

NO. 64, ORIGINAL

THE STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, Plaintiff

Vv.

THE STATE OF MAINE, Defendant

PLAINTIFF'S BRIEF IN OPPOSITION

TO MOTION TO INTERVENE

Plaintiff, The State of New Hampshire, opposes the Motion to

Intervene on the following grounds:

1. Such intervention, if permitted, would in effect con

stitute the prosecution of a suit against The State of New Hampshire

without its consent, and such a suit is barred under the doctrine of

sovereign immunity.

2. The petitioners have no private property interests in the

taking of fish and lobsters in the disputed area; their interest is no

greater than that of any member of the general public of New Hampshire.

3. Any interest which the petitioners may have is represented

by the plaintiff, The State of New Hampshire, and petitioners have not

shown just cause for intervention.

;

AK Pa eters Be aa aE te al Bs ant Via ta

eel eed At La Ld te oll 7 Nt URL

85a

- 2 - r

INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT

The present action was commenced on June 6, 1973, invoking the

original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. On October 9, 1973, the

Supreme Court granted leave to file the complaint. Subsequently, the

defendant, The State of Maine, filed an answer and general denial, join-

ing issue with the complaint. The case was assigned to a Special Master

for trial and report (414 U.S. 996).

On April 25, 1974, the Special Master conducted a pretrial

conference at Boston at which plans for the trial were dtocunent and

finalized, rules of procedure were settled, and recommendations were

made by the Special Master to counsel that the parties should endeavor

to reach a settlement. Negotiations were then entered into by counsel,

and on June 26, 1974, at a regular meeting of the Governor and Council

of New Hampshire, a proposed settlement agreement was publicly announced

as having been agreed to by the Attorneys General of each state. This

settlement agreement was approved by the Governor and Council of New

Hampshire and subsequently by the Governor and Council of Maine.

Many of the persons who are now petitioners in the Motion to

Intervene, during the months of July, August and September, 1974, made

repeated requests to the Attorney General of New Hampshire «and to the

Governor of New Hampshire that they reconsider the proposed settlement

agreement. Pursuant to such requests for reconsideration, numerous

meetings were held, both by the Attorney General, his Deputy, and

86a

«<S »

Special Counsel, and by the Governor of New Hampshire, with these persons,

at which they were given full opportunity to present evidence and argu-

ments as to why the proposed settlement agreement should be recon-

sidered. As a result of all these various meetings and presentations,

it was determined that these petitioners had failed to show just cause

for the plaintiff to request a reopening of the proposed settlement

agreement. Under date of September 9, 1974, present counsel for the

petitioners submitted a written offer of proof in support of the above

requests for reconsideration. After full consideration, on September

16, 1974, the New Hampshire Attorney General and Special Counsel and

the Governor of New Hampshire determined that no just cause existed for

further delay, and on September 23, 1974, ine Motion for Entry of

Judgment by Consent of Plaintiff and Defendant, duly executed by the

Attorneys General of Maine and New Hampshire, was filed with the Special

Master. Subsequently, the pending petition for leave to intervene was

i filed in this Court, and it was, on October 15, 1974, referred to the

Special Master.

During the numerous conferences held with petitioners, re-

' ferred to in the preceding paragraph, one of the claims advanced was

; to the effect that the boundary line proposed in the Motion for Entry

of Judgment by Consent would make it impossible for New Hampshire

; fishermen to reach New Hampshire docks in Piscataqua Harbor without first

crossing the boundary line into Maine. These petitioners were invited

to show how this claim could possibly be true, but, at all these conferences,

SAO aE LI EDO

‘

87a

<i se

no substantiation was presented to support this claim. As a matter of

fact, the proposed boundary line as it leaves Piscataqua Harbor follows

the center of the channel of navigation. Thus, New Hampshire fishermen

and Maine fishermen have equal opportunity to enter the Harbor on their

respective sides of the proposed state line. An examination of the

official map filed with the Motion for Entry of Judgment by Consent

shows that there is ample opportunity for New Hampshire fishermen to

enter the Harbor on the New Hampshire side of the proposed state line.

I. SUCH INTERVENTION, IF PERMITTED, WOULD IN EFFECT con-

STITUTE THE PROSECUTION OF A SUIT AGAINST THE STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE

WITHOUT ITS CONSENT, AND SUCH A SUIT IS BARRED UNDER THE DOCTRINE OF

SOVEREIGN IMMUNITY.

A state may not be sued in its own courts by its own citizens

unless it consents to such action. This is the familiar doctrine of

sovereign immunity. Rothrock v. Loon Island, 96 N.H. 421.

The federal courts have uniformly applied the same rule in

cases coming before them. See Principality of Monaco v. Mississippi,

292 U.S. 313; Hans v. Louisiana, 134 U.S. 1; Duhne v. New Jersey, 251

U.S. 311. The last<mentioned case is particularly significant since it

involved an effort to invoke the original jurisdiction of the Supreme

Court.

88a

“a

The petition for leave to intervene is definitely an effort to

institute litigation against The State of New Hampshire. The petitioners a

seek to have set aside the Motion for Entry of Judgment by Consent which

has been duly executed on behalf of The State of New Hampshire by its

Attorney General. The petitioners seek to advocate a position in this

case contrary to that taken by the Attorney General on behalf of The

State of New Hampshire. The petition to intervene involves public

property rights in the waters and bed of the ocean within the 3-mile :

limit which belong to Thé State of New Hampshire (43 U.S.C. s. 1311).

As stated in 81 C.J.S. 1320 (States, section 216(c):

"A suit, involving property in which the

state has an undoubted right or interest, and

in which no effective decree can be rendered

without binding the state itself, is a suit

against the state and cannot be maintained

without its consent."

See also Christian v. Atlantic & No. Car. R.Co., 133 U.S. 233.

It is well settled that the question whether a particular suit

is one against a state is not to be determined solely by reference to the

line-up of the parties of record. Whether a particular action is against

the state is to be determined by the essential nature and effect of the

proceeding. Judged in this light, the claims advanced by the petitioners

are clearly contrary to the position taken by The State of New Hampshire

by its Attorney General. The relief sought by the petitioners will

inevitably be contrary to the relief proposed by the Attorney General

on behalf of the State in the Motion for Entry of Judgment by Consent,

IE te OR Miss vert

sf 89a

Se a

which he has found to be in the public interest. In the case of

St. Regis Paper Co. v. Water Resources Board, 92 N.H. 164 at 168, in

a somewhat analogous situation, the New Hampshire Supreme Court said:

"Tt is said in Blanchard v. Railroad, 86 N.H.

263, 265: ‘When the state, by those having its auth-

ority, takes either a positive or neutral position

in respect to the public interest, it determines

what the claim of public interest is.' In the case

here the Attorney-General has taken a position of

neutrality in behalf of the State, and this determ-

_ ination of his duty, exercised in good faith is

not subject -to judicial appeal or review at the demand

of individuals. Since the State cannot be sued dir-

ectly or indirectly without its consent (Western

Union &c. Co, v. State, 64 N.H. 265, 271; Bow v.

Plummer, 79 N.H. 23, 24; Conway v. Board, 89 N.H.

346, 348), and since it has here given no consent,

except to permit suit against the Water Resources

Board as its agency, the plaintiff's right to have

the Attorney-General joined as a party must be denied."

II. THE PETITIONERS HAVE NO PRIVATE PROPERTY INTERESTS IN

THE TAKING OF FISH AND LOBSTERS IN THE DISPUTED AREA: THEIR INTEREST IS f

NO GREATER THAN THAT OF ANY MEMBER OF THE GENERAL PUBLIC OF NEW HAMPSHIRE.

By chapter 29, Title 43, United States Code, "Submerged Lands", s sf

the Congress vested title in the seacoast states to their offshore sub-

merged lands ies aie 3-mile limit and to the "natural resources"

within such lands and waters. (43 U.S.Code, Section 1311) Section

1301(e) defines "natural resources" to include "fish and lobsters".

sonia aie sry <4

POG SR DE PTE DA Be

90a

The complaint and answer establish that, in this case, the

area in dispute between the two states is entirely within the 3-mile

belt of territorial waters, giving effect to the usual rule that

offshore islands are entitled to their own separate 3-mile belt of

territorial waters.

Under New Hampshire law, the taking of fish in public waters

(subject to state licensing requirements), is a public or common

right, not a private right. Under New Hampshire law, fish in public

waters belong to the public generally, and no person has any private

property interest in the same until lawfully reduced to possession.

State v. Roberts, 59 N.H. 484. Or, as stated in State v. Dow, 78 N.H.

286, "* * * the individual has no vested right in fish and wild game

not reduced to possession."

In Percy Summer Club v. Astle (1908) 163 Fed 1, the First

Circuit Court of Appeals, after a long review of New Hampshire decisions

held that fishing in public waters in New Hampshire is free to the gen-

eral public and that a private club owning all the land on the shore of

public waters had no exclusive, private rights of fishing therein.

In the case of St. Regis Paper Co. v. Water Resources Board,

92 N.H. 164 at 170, the New Hampshire Supreme Court, in dealing with

public rights in public waters, made the following declaration as to

New Hampshire law:

91a

t “= oe

; "Since the public right is not a private

: one, it follows that individual members of the

% public entitled to enjoy the right enjoy the

t right in a personal capacity only derivatively.

t Their rights are not property rights and are

fl not vested. Strictly, the rights are more

, properly to be termed privileges, which may

# be taken away, altered or qualified."

: The case of Whitcher v. State, 87 N.H. 405, cited by the

i petitioners is not contrary to this position, because fishing in public

waters is referred to at page 407 of the opinion as a "public right”.

Since the taking of fish and lobsters in public waters is not a private

property right, but rather is a common privilege which the petitioners,

if properly licensed, enjoy only as members of the general public,

SRD ae le pat

i the petitioners are not entitled in this case to take a position con-

trary to that officially taken by The State of New Hampshire in this

litigation. The State is entitled to represent all members of the

public where only public rights and privileges are involved, as here.

Those petitioners who are legislators stand in no stronger

position either. They base their claim to intervene on the allegation

that the legislature of New Hampshire is the only body which may approve

the proposed settlement on behalf of the State. The stipulation of the

respective Attorneys General for entry of a consent decree in this

action is treated by them as if it were an interstate compact, re-

quiring the approval not only of the New Hampshire legislature but

also of the United States Congress.

92a

-9-

It is our position that this claim advanced on behalf of the

petitioning legislators entirely misconceives the situation here pres-

ented and is unfounded as a matter of law. These petitioners should

not be permitted to intervene if it appears on the face of their

petition that their claims are not well founded in law. The position

of the New Hampshire legislators fails to distinguish between settle-

ment of a boundary by legislative proceedings (i.e., the interstate

compact process) and by judicial action (i.e., the original juris-

diction of the Supreme Court).

The two states did attempt to settle this boundary dis-

pute by the legislative process, by the creation of boundary com-

missions containing representatives of each state. The plan was that

the two sets of commissioners would make an interstate compact if

possible, settling the boundary, which would then be submitted to

the Congress for ratification under the compact clause, after having

first been approved by the legislatures of each state. See ch. 429,

N. H. Session Laws of 1971 and ch. 131, Maine Session Laws of 1971.

However, after protracted negotiations, the boundary commissioners were

unable to agree and there seemed no prospect that there would be an

agreement. The "fishing politics" of each state made it extremely

difficult for either side to compromise.

Then there were the border incidents resulting in arrests

and threats of retaliation, and this Situation led the Attorney Generai

of New Hampshire to institute the present action in the United States

93a

—

Supreme Court, believing that the interstate compact process had broken

down and failed and that it was now time to seek judicial relief. The

Supreme Court granted leave to file this action, in effect holding that

a justiciable controversy existed. (See order of Oct. 9, 1973 in a oe

(2) 45)

At the pretrial conference conducted by the Special Master

in Boston in April of this year, it was strongly recommended to counsel

that efforts to effect a compromise be redoubled. We were able to core

to an agreement because the respective Attorneys General and their acsist-

ants and Special Counsel were perhaps more objective and less poiiticaliv

motivated and were trying to see the case as la:yers would see it, based

on the strengths and weaknesses of the evidence and the probable law

}

which would be applied. -

Every court which has jurisdiction has the undoubted power to

promote a settlement and approve it and make it a decree. This is an

inherent power of every judicial body, if it be granted that there is

jurisdiction over the subject matter and the parties. Otherwise, the

parties would be forced into an adversary position when the respective

Attorneys General of the two states thought that a settlement of their

pre-existing differences was reasonable and in the public interest.

The case of Florida v. Georgia, 58 U.S. 478, seems to imply

that the two states could come to an understanding in a boundary case

before the United States Supreme Court without legislative or Congressicaa]

94a

o 4% @

consent, because there it is held that the Attorney General of the

United States has a right to intervene to represent the federal

interest in such a case.

Parenthetically, in the present case, the parties have

notified the Department of Justice and have sent it a copy of the

motion for consent decree. The certificate of notice to the Depart-

ment of Justice has been filed for the record.

It is difficult to believe that an agreement for settlement

between the respective Attorneys General in a case over which the

Supreme Court has jurisdiction is an interstate compact requiring

the approval of the state legislatures and the Congress, for, so tu

hold, would seem to be a derogation of the inherent power of the

Supreme Court as a judicial body and to involve the state legislatures

and the Congress in a judicial matter, outside their allotted spheres.

See Rhode Island v. Massachusetts, 12 Peters 657.

It is the policy of the law to favor the settlement of liti-

gation and to give sanction and legal effect to such settlements where

they are found to be reasonable and appropriate. The Supreme Court

has this power, as well as any other Court. Otherwise, it would be

deprived of one of the most useful parts of the judicial power.

The motion for entry of the consent decree has been stipulated

to, by the Attorneys General of each state. As to the undoubted power

of the Attorney General of a state to take such action, see annotation:~

a 12 «

95a

"Power of attorney general to settle and compromise or dismiss “uit or

proceeding" 81 ALR 124. See also State v. Swift, 101 N.H. 340, and

Utah v. United States, 394 U.S. 89 and 94, 95. Here, the further

precaution was taken to obtain approval of the settlement by the

governor and executive council of each state who head ‘he executive

branch and may speak for all state departments and agencies.

The proposed marine boundary is not something "pulled out

of thin air" and unsupported by law or evidence. If the Special

Master should decide to hold a hearing on the motion for entry of

consent judgment, we are prepared to show, if desired by the Court,

that the proposed boundary line set forth in the motion is not an

arbitrary line, but rather is a Line supported by applicable prin-

ciples of law and substantial evidence.

For example, the selection of the middle of the navigable

channel as the proposed boundary at the respective harbor mouths

follows New Jersey v. Delaware, 291 U. S. 361, which involved a

situation much similar. The selection of a straight line as the

boundary connecting the two channel termination points is consistent

with the "special circumstances" exception to Article 12 of the

Convention on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone. (15 U.S.

Treaties, 1608 (1958)), and the location offshore of the Isles of

Shoals which were divided between the two states in their colonial

grants or charters.

= a ll ct

a ee eS he ee ae a

96a

~ |

III. ANY INTEREST WHICH THE PETITIONERS MAY HAVE IS REP-

RESENTED BY THE PLAINTIFF, THE STATE OF NEW HAMPSHIRE, AND PETITIONERS

HAVE NOT SHOWN JUST CAUSE FOR INTERVENTION.

The petitioners have cited only one case involving the

original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in which individual citizens

were permitted to intervene in a boundary case, Oklahoma v. Texas,

253 U. S. 465, 470; 254 U. S. 609. That case is clearly distinguishable

in that the individuals involved were property owners whose property

had been seized by a United States Receiver appointed by the Supreme

Court to hold such property pending the decision of the boundary dis-

pute. Such individuals were permitted to intervene, it seems, solely

to protect their property interests before the Receiver, and it does

not appear that such intervention was opposed by either state.

In at least three cases involving the original jurisdiction

of the Supreme Court, individual citizens and corporations have

been denied permission to intervene in an action between states.

In the case of Kentucky v. Indiana, 281 U. S$. 163 at 173-175,

intervention was denied, the Court saying:

"A state suing, or sued, in this court, by

virtue of the original jurisdiction over contro-

versies between states, must be deemed to represent

all its citizens. The appropriate appearance here

of a state by its proper officers, either as complain-

ant or defendant, is conclusive upon this point.

Citizens, voters and taxpayers, merely as such, of

either state, without a showing of any further and

proper interest, have no separate individual right

to contest in such a suit the position taken by the

ee eee

369, the Court denied the City of Philadelphia permission to intervene,

saying:

» th «

state itself. Otherwise, all the citizens of both

states, as one citizen, voter and taxpayer has as

much right as another in this respect, would be en-

titled to be heard. * * *

"In the present instance, there is no showing

that the individual defendants have any interest what-

ever with respect to the contract and its performance

other than that of the citizens and taxpayers, generally,

of Indiana, an interest which that state in this suit

fully represents."

Similarly, in the case of New Jersey v. New York, 345 U. S$.

"the 'parens patriae' doctrine however, has

aspects which go beyond mere restatement of the

Eleventh Amendment; it is a recognition of the

principle that the state, when a party to a suit

involving a matter of sovereign interest, ‘must be

deemed to represent all its citizens.’ Kentucky v.

Indiana, 281 US 163, 173, 174, 74 L ed 784, 797, 50

S Ct 275 (1930). The principle is a necessary recog-

nition of sovereign dignity, as well as a working

rule for good judicial administration. Otherwise,

a state might be judicially impeached on matters of

policy by its own subjects, and there weuld be no

practical limitation on the number of citizens, as

such, who would be entitled to be made parties. * * *

"“Qur original jurisdiction should not be thus

expanded to the dimensions of ordinary class actions.

An intervenor whose state is already a party should

have the burden of showing some compelling interest

in his own right, apart from his interest in a class

with all other citizens and creatures of the state,

which interest is not properly represented by the state.

See Kentucky v. Indiana (US) supra. Philadelphia has

not met that burden and, therefore, even if her inter-

vention would not amount to a suit against a state within

the proscription of the Eleventh Amendment (and we do not

intend to give any basis for implying that it J-es>

leave to intervene must te denied."

{A 6 Ar ee

{rae

‘

98a

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In Utah v. U. S., 394 U. S. 89, this Court denied a petition

to intervene filed by a corporate landowner, holding:

"While we can perceive no compelling reason

requiring the presence of Morton in this lawsuit,

there are substantial reasons for denying inter-

vention. If Morton is admitted, fairness would re-

quire the admission of any of the other 120 private

landowners who wish to quiet their title to portions

of the relicted lands, greatly increasing the com-

plexity of this litigation. Moreover, if any private

landlord who is a citizen of Utah should seek to in-

tervene, we would be required to decide the difficult

constitutional question as to whether this Court may

retain its original jurisdiction over an action in

which complete diversity of citizenship no longer exists

between the contesting parties."

The plaintiff has previously given painstaking consideration

to the claims advanced by the petitioners that they have new evidence

or new law which would warrant reconsideration by the plaintiff of its

position in this case. As before related, numerous sessions have

been held with a large number of the petitioners and their counsel,

and every opportunity has been given them to show cause why the proposed

consent decree should not be favored by the plaintiff. It is the

considered judgment of the Attorney General of New Hampshire, sup-

ported by the Governor of New Hampshire, that these petitioners

have failed to sustain their claims and that the public interest

requires that the plaintiff continue to adhere to the proposed consent

he es ee Re ee met

~ % =

decree. We believe that no element of public interest or justice

would be served by permitting these petitioners to intervene.

Respectfully submitted,

The State of New llampshire

Warren Rucman

Attorney Generel

David Souter

Deputy Attorney Genera:

By /s/ Richard F. Upton

Special Counsel

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES 100a

fee 2 e:min in oe =e sa SS et

Plainciftr, 3 owl

Vv. , >; No. €4 Orig,

STATE OF MAINE, :

Difencant. :

Oe ee ee eee ee a ee

Weshington, D, C.-

HNouday, April 19, 1976

Vue above-entitied matter cums om For aryament ct

10:04 a.m,

BEFORE :

WERE £C. BURGER, Chick Justice of tha U.ited Stetes

WILLIAM J. hE AWAN, IR., Associate Justices

FOUTLR STEVANLT, Auvsociate Justica

BYRON R. Wit, Asgociale Justice

THURCOGD MARSHALL, ASyociate Justice

MARKY LR. WLACKNUN, Aseociats Justics

LEWIS t'. POWELL, Jih., Aucuciate Justica

WHIeLAAM Tl. NERIIQULUS, Newwcdlule Juutlca

JOwMse Po SVN, Auwoclute Tascics

AVP LAA HCES &

EDUAKE FF. DRLULEY, JR., £SQ., husivtunt Atricsy

General, State House, Augusta, Malus 04333, Toc

the &etseradant.

‘RICHAW F. UPTO, ESQ., Special Counsel, 10 Contre

Strest, Concerd, “sw liawpshire 03301, for the

plaiutire.

INDEX

ORAL ARGUMENT OF: Pags

EDWARD FP. BRADLEY, JR., ESQ., for the defendant 3

RICHARD F. UPTON, ESQ., for the plaintiff 19

REBUTTAL ARGUMENT OF:

EDWARD F. BRADLEY, JR., ESQ. 38

3 102a

PROCEEDINGS

MR. CIIEF eo BURGER: We will hear arguments

first this morning in No. 64 Original, State of New Hampshire

‘against the ptate of Maine.

Mr. Bradley, you may proceed whenever you are ready.

ORAL ARGUMEWT OF EDWARD F. BRADLEY, JR.,

ON BEHALF OF DEFENDANT

MR: BRADLEY: “Mr. Chief Justice, and may it please

the eek: This is a dispute between tha States of Maine and

meee llampshire over the location of their lateral marine

boundary in the Piscataqia River and Gosport Harbor and the

intervening marine area. |

~The legal issue in this cass is the proper interpreta-

tion of the 1740 boundary decree of the King of England which

deascribas ie boundary in these areas. Maine's original

interpretation of tha decree was an extended thalwey line in

Pincataqua ligrbor and Gosport UarLor intersecting in the

dntervening marluea areas.

New Hampshire's oriyina}] ling is a “lights oa ranye”"

dine counecting Fort Point to Whaleback Light. It was Maine's

enforcenent of its lobster reculations in tha intervening

marine area between thsse t-.o linss which led to regulatory

conflict and an attampt to resolve the — through’ boundary

commissions. . This attempt failed. Subsequent enforcenant

® gs ; }

action led to conflict betwean enforcemant officers of both

103a

States and aa aeeniins moratorium on enforcement to permit

New Hampshire to file a complaint in this case.

‘New Hampshire filed that camplaint on June 6, 1973,

and a Master, Justice Thomas Clark, was appointed on November 5

- 1973. ‘Soon after his appointnuent Justice Clark ieetl with

counsel for ‘ite and Naw Hampshire tc urya the States to

settle this dispute and to avoid long and disrupcrive litigatior

with great exvanee to the people of both States.

Counsel excninens this ruconmendacion and mst to revix

principles of law which would datarmlia thse location of theo

boundary and the neeper interpretation of the description in

thea 1749 Gocrse. They were able to rescn agrealunt on uu.s

and they filed a joint notion for consent decree on Septanbexr

1975. On Pvency 27, 1975, the stipulated record in support

or that joint motion ea congant was submitted to the Special

arom and the oase was finaliy submitted withest OLih arguncni

wn Macth 17, 1975.

After reviewing the stipulated record ami tie conser

decrue submitted by thw Siates, the Social Masier decidad tha

hs hud to reject tha consent dsciec bectitce ha believed thet

the court was without jurisdiction to enter and a).ao because h

folt the geographic middie rather than thiaiweg was the proper

intemmsetanion of the word “middle” in tha boundary deacriptio

The State of Maine hes takun exceptions to both thes

determinatio:.s. But before d@iscu3sing cur excepticns, I wouid

S 104a 11

Like to describe to the Court the substantial prejudice which ths

"Special Master's rejection of ths consent decrae,: adoption of

the geographic middle line, and algo his failure to_hear full

——a oo on the issues below has caused to ths Lacie of

the State of Maine.

First, of course, we have lost to the Stato of New

pease by 1 the Master ® a description of the new lins 636 acres:

of iand: in the intervening marins area, land which is in dispute

between New Hampshire and Maine fishermen and presants a great

emotional issue in both Statea.

QUESTION: What's that? About one square mile?

MR. BRADLEY: Your Honor, tho way I visualize it is

that it's about two and a hair thrus tiw area brtvwen the

Capitol and ths Lincoln Mamorial.

QUESTION: There are ebout 640 acres ina square wile.

mR. BRADLEY: OK if tnact's what it is. ‘nhat‘s my

visual refurence.

but we don't fesl that Usct 635 acras --

QUESTION{ hie areu de off the coavilineg?

MR. BRADLEY: eu, oir.

QUESTION: Or ao you include in thet anything in tha

-: harbor?

MR. BRADLEY: No, we have mede no calculation of the

- area that we may have lost in the harbor.

As such section as we have to the lost 636 acres,

: oan 105a

“ we feel that we have been much more greatly prejudiced by the

", ; Master's 8 adoption of an equidistant boundary in the Piscataqua

2 River. the Master, at page 43 of his report, indicated that

ioe woulda : be necessary for purposes of this dispute to delimit

“that boundary, but because we are going to havo to live with

= fe it, we have asked State Departusnt sania of the Geographer

to do a rough approximation of what an equidistant — would lcok

lika. - And they have dona it cn a map that refers al.uo to the

thalweg, which we distributed just prior to ths argumsnt.

As you can see, it’s an extremely irregular lire

which would ba vory, very difficult to mark on ths watsr and

would give rise to great opportunities four the yinds of

jurisdictional and regulatory ccariict which gave rise to thu

dispute in this case.

QUESTION: You have subuitted this mep?

MR. BRADLEY: Your Honor, it's really demonstrative.

It's not avidance. It woulda‘t be the line that you would

‘udypt in a dscre@ or sniaseis like that.

QUESTION: You wouldn't sugyest the tialweg du gcliny

to be a straight line Like thet, do you?

MR. BRADLEY: Your Hcnor, it was in the consent deécreu.

It was marked by a range lirs --

QUESTION: You wouldn't really suggest that's the way

-. it is, would you? | |

MR. BRADLEY; It's pretty near that, your Honor.

1064‘.

QUESTION: A straight line? A thalweg? Ths deepest

channel in a river, a line like that?

MR.BRADLEY: In this river, the channal --

QUESTION: ‘hat's incredible.

MR. BRADLEY: It may be incredible, sir, but --

QUESTION: the line you agread upon, is that Lt?

MR. DRADLEY: Yes, sir. And it was bausd upon the --

QUESTION: It's not a thalweg, though. That's where .

- you agree it is.

MR. BRADLEY: Your Ilonor, it’s tha main ship channel.

It's the channel that ships actually --

QUESTION: Maybe it's mignansd chalwog, but in any

event on this map the straight line is the line upon which the

eprechant was reached. |

MR. BRADLEY: Yos, sir. |

QUESTION: Msy I ask a quostion whils I have ycu :

interrupted? :

| MR. BRADLEY: en: your honer. 3

QUESTION: Is there any quaestica in tiie casa? I

notice New Hampshire isn't quite as happy with that agresaunt

mow as perhaps it was at tha time it was madé. But the Now

Hampshire legislature never tid agree with that agreement, did

it? a3 7 ‘. cal Sanaa |

MR. BRADLEY: No, your lionor.

oo”

QUESTION: Is there any question of the validity of

ee Z. i | 8 107a

the executive -- of New Hampshire ~- maybe I should ask your

S gtvensany whether it's a question of state law.

May there be an agreement of this kind without approval

ot tne -Regisiature of New itampshire?

HR. BRADLEY 3 Your Honor, the position of tha State

of Maine ki that this is not an agreement; it’s merely a

. sugyssted judicial resolution which the Special Master has the

{

;

power to enter as a proper exercise of the oriyinal jurisdiction. |

QUESTION: I know, but it dspands, dovs it not, upon |

the cornzents of both the Statue? |

MR. BRADLEY: Your Honor, it's not a consent to which

both States ware bound, as we have seoa by tho actions and” |

behavior ef the State cl New HMempunire in this case toacay,

naa neithaur Stuts has fruit —ae enforce it on their

Citliens of the citizens of other Stutes. Lt had he binding

eff ct eatla 1 Waa adopred by the court end entured.

Salte 45 xrzally our reafonse to ons OF tha tsavye-iwae

the Uosectal Mastar hee nade.

QUMATION: Do wa have befors us tha casa of an

ery Whatever you call it, cansent, or what, jolutly

Bubmitted by ths two States? bo we have that etill?

. HR. BRADLEY: . It is «w tlhe which the New Hampshire

legislature doses not agrees vith aid ene agrecd with it.

Neither State could agree with it through the political

. process... The counael for ke . States, through the httorney

Generals’ offices,made a determination that this was the

appropriate interpretation throughlegal principler of the

decree and suggasted it to thn Special Master. ‘they have not

indicated that they don't agres with it. They have just found

108a

the answers - the Master's reasons for rejecting it unanswerebie.

I don't take it. thet that maans they rejected it. Tisey are

just finding that if he is cote, that they would assert a

different line in this case. That is, if he is correct about

rejecting thalweg and the lack of jurisdiction of th» court,

that they would have applied tho principles differently to

obtain a different line. But it made no stacement about

whether they rejact - :

QUESTICN: Ja the ship channel you refered to an

axtificlal channel that has been drsdysd out?

HR. BHELIEY: I really don't kaow ths aiywer, your

Honor. I tetiows that se*s --

| QUESTION: Is it markad by sila

MR. BRADLEY: It's murked by buoy in Gosport lisrbor.

It's marked by ths range lines in Fiscatugua Rivec which exe

Lights connecting so ik tectonee can doterming whsther

; they are on the main channel as they coe into the river.

QUESTION: Is thers eny euthority from this Court

és to whether a proposed copsent decres needs the ratification

-of the legislative branches of the two States?

MR. BRADLEY: Yes, your Horncr, I believe thet there

109a

. owen ee av

o fe 6 &

*'®

a ee feel. that _ case of Virginia v. Tannessee determined

_—_— : all compacts and nppeananss require legislative

“approval, me that only when the sitios have dons evarything

they oan ‘to bind thanselves to an agresment ‘chat leyislative

approval is required.

“QUESTION: ‘in, that*e congressional approval. Is

that legislative -~- I was thinking in tacms of what sort ‘of

“authori zatiga do counsel reprosanting two Statss in an original

action in Mie Court need in order to consent?

MR. BRADLEY: I think New Hampchice's &newor to chat

in its motion to support tha jurisdiction of a Special Mastar

to ube ths consunt ducrez which was filed with the Special

pastor, and I ilkieke dor‘ t. heave it in my mind, the principles,

_— they have anciiscud that with respsct to thaix authorLty

ard du texwined ne that time that their Atirorm._ General did

have etwas te antsy it.

C(UESTION: what Jf pots oF tise Stute:ss, If the sw

States unterad tuto the agreumunat which you Lave enutsres REG

620d tne. Woes. tv GS said 61: the cxrsyinel action by stipulation ot

beth parties, ‘than therw would ba no ociginal action Lett,

would these?

MR. SRADEEE : That's right, your Hunor.

questioN Would ine terms of that agreenont, Chases

entered into between the two States,present probleny of

a becteasdasty b% 4 citizens of cne State or the other alected

° ?v

.. mot to comply with it?

-. MR. BRADLEY: Yes, your Honor. I believe --

4 ' QUESTION: That's why you want this Court's action,

Zz take it.

MR. BRADLEY: Yes, your Honor. There is no question

‘that if: agreement was reached outside the context of your

; exercise of regional jurisdiction, that wa would have to find

_ congressional approval under Article I, Section 10, the

“-” compact clause.

The point that I started to make with Mr. Justice

Dehazuist was that the only tims that is reyuired once the

original jurisdiction has been exercisad,is never required once

iis: eked jurisdiction has been exercized, bscauis nothlag

the partiss do in tha context of ths exercise binds than until

- the Court has exercised its judicizl power.

In the cas6é that I cited, Varginia VY. VEMNNALUBSr,

. 148 °'U.S. 503, the Glates of Virginia ond TounssGgae cuiored Into

preliminary boundary eyreament prior to entering into binding

boundary agrecuent, and the Court uatureliy held that all

compacts aad SP samen don’ t requixe congressioual a

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