Appendix — Sakraida v. Ag Pro, Inc.

Supreme Court brief1976

Ask Donna

What actually matters in this document.

Text

Susie Court, U. .&.

FILED

} JAN 5 1976

SUPPLEMENTAL APPENDIX | MICHAEL RODAK, JR., CLERK

' eee

< — aa ea

IN THE

SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES

OCTOBER TERM, 1975

No. 75-110

BERNARD A. SAKRAIDA,

Petittoner,

versus

AG PRO, INC.,

Respondent.

ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED

STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Rule 1 Fed.R.Civ.P. ---------------------------------

Rule 60(b)(2) Fed.R.Civ.P. --------------------------

35 U.S.C. §101 --------------------------------------

35 U.S.C. §102 --------------------------------------

35 U.S.C. §103 --------------------------------------

35 U.S.C. §282 --------------------------------------

Motion To Produce -----------------------------------

Transcript of Proceedings (February 6, 1974) --------

Gribble et al Patent No. 3,223,070 ------------------

Luks Patent No. 1,968,564 ---------------------------

Kreutzer Patent No. 1,981,417 -----------------------

Kreutzer Patent No. 1,981,418 -----------------------

McCornack Patent No. 2,081,947 ----------------------

Bogert Patent No. 2,233,766 -------------------------

Ingraham Patent No. 2,294,781 -----------------------

Anstiss et al Patent No. 2,691,359 ------------------

French Patent No. 1,246,418 -------------------------

British Patent No. 914,649 --------------------------

Cattle Shelters and Equipment for South Carolina,

Extension Agricultural Engineering Handbook

No. 2, Dec. 1958 --------------------------------e

The Way Cows Will be Milked on Your Farm "Tomorrow",

Babson Bros., Dairy Research Service, 1959 -------

After Black Rock: New Tests Of Patentability --

The Old Tests Of Invention -----------------------

101-103

104, 105

106-134

FEDERAL RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE

Rule 1 Fed.R.Civ.P.

SCOPE OF RULES

These rules govern the procedure in the United

States district courts in all suits of a civil nature

whether cognizable as cases at law or in equity or in

admiralty, with the exceptions stated in Rule 81. They

shall be construed to secure the just, speedy, and inex-

pensive determination of every action.

x * *

Rule 60 Fed.R.Civ.P.

RELIEF FROM JUDGMENT OR ORDER

(b) Mistakes; Inadvertence; Excusable Neglect;

Newly Discovered Evidence; Fraud, etc. On motion and upon

such terms as are just, the court may relieve a party or

his legal representative from a final judgment, order or

proceeding for the following reasons: (2) newly dis-

covered evidence which by due diligence could not have

been discovered in time to move for a new trial under

Rule 59(b); The motion shall be made within a

reasonable time, and for reasons (1), (2), and (3) not

more than one year after the judgment, order or proceeding

was entered or taken. A motion under this subdivision (b)

does not affect the finality of a judgment or suspend its

operation.

TITLE 35 - UNITED STATES CODE - PATENTS

35 U.S.C. §101 - Inventions patentable

Whoever invents or discovers any new and useful

process, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter,

or any new and useful improvement thereof, may obtain a

patent therefor, subject to the conditions and require-

ments of this title. July 19, 1952, c. 950, § 1, 66

Stat. 797.

35 U.S.C. §102 - Conditions for patentability; novelty and

loss of right to patent

A person shall be entitled to a patent unless--

(a) the invention was known or used by

others in this country, or patented or described in a

printed publication in this or a foreign country,

before the invention thereof by the applicant for

patent, or

(b) the invention was patented or described

in a printed publication in this or a foreign country

or in public use or on sale in this country, more than

one year prior to the date of the application for

patent in the United States, or

(d) the invention was first patented or

caused to be patented, or was the subject of an inventor's

certificate, by the applicant or his legal representa-

tives or assigns in a foreigu country prior to the date

of the application for patent in this country on an

application for patent or inventor's certificate filed

more than twelve months before the filing of the appli-

cation in the United States, or

(e) the invention was described in a patent

granted on an application for patent by another filed

in the United States before the invention thereof by

the applicant for patent, or

(f) he did not himself invent the subject

matter sought to be patented, or

(g) before the applicant's invention thereof

the invention was made in this country by another who

had not abandoned, suppressed, or concealed it. In

determining priority of invention there shall be con-

sidered not only the respective dates of conception and

reduction to practice of the invention, but also the

reasonable diligence of one who was first to conceive

and last to reduce to practice, from a time prior to

conception by the other. July 19, 1952, c. 950, § l,

66 Stat. 797.

35 U.S.C. §103 - Conditions for patentability; non-obvious

subject matter

A patent may not be obtained though the

invention is not identically disclosed or described as

set forth in section 102 of this title, if the differ-

ences between the subject matter sought to be patented

and the prior art are such that the subject matter as a

whole would have been obvious at the time the invention

was made to a person having ordinary skill in the art

to which said subject matter pertains. Patentability

shall not be negatived by the manner in which the

invention was made. July 19, 1952, c. 950, § 1, 66

Stat. 798.

35 U.S.C. §282 - Presumption of validity; defenses

A patent shall be presumed valid. The burden

of establishing invalidity of a patent shall rest on a

party asserting it.

In actions involving the validity or infringe-

ment of a patent the party asserting invalidity or

noninfringement shall give notice in the pleadings or

otherwise in writing to the adverse party at least

thirty days before the trial, of the country, number,

date, and name of the patentee of any patent, the

title, date, and page numbers of any publication to be

relied upon as anticipation of the patent in suit or,

except in actions in the United States Court of Claims,

as showing the state of the art, and the name and

address of any person who may be relied upon as the

prior inventor or as having prior knowledge of or as

having previously used or offered for sale the inven-

tion of the patent in suit. In the absence of such

notice proof of the said matters may not be made at the

trial except on such terms as the court requires. July

19, 1952, c. 950, § 1, 66 Stat. 812.

MOTION TC PRODUCE

Pursuant to Rule 34 F.R.C.P. plaintiff requests

defendant, Bernard A. Sakraida, and his attorney, J. F.

Hulse, to produce and permit plaintiff's attorneys to

inspect and copy each of the following documents:

1. All notes, memoranda, or any other recorda-

tion of telephone conversations between them and W. C.

Fairbank of Riverside, California.

2. All correspondence between Bernard A.

Sakraida and/or J. F. Hulse and W. C. Fairbank including,

but not limited to, copies made of enclosures (identified

by W. C. Fairbank in his deposition taken August 16, 1973

as twenty-one letters) which accompanied a letter sent by

W. C. Fairbank to J. F. Hulse in 1969.

3. All documentary evidence purportedly dis-

closing prior art pertinent to United States Letters

Patent 3,223,070.

Each of the documents called for is to be pro-

duced for inspection and copying by September 24, 1973,

at the offices of Scott, Hulse, Marshall & Feuille, 11-D

El Paso National Bank Building, El Paso, Texas 79901.

KOLISCH, HARTWELL & DICKINSON

J. Pierre Kolisch

Of Attorneys for Plaintiff

Filed: August 23, 1973

TRANSCRIPT OF PROCEEDINGS

February 6, 1974

[15] THE COURT:

Number 3, what about Number 3?

MR. KOLISCH:

Number 3 would cover any documentary evidence

on which they would rely if the Court gets to the

question of hearing the merits of the case.

THE COURT:

[16] Now that would go to the infringement ques-

tion, if any.

MR. KOLISCH:

It would go to the question of validity.

THE COURT:

Validity?

MR. KOLISCH:

Yes. And we are entitled to see such docu-

ments, I believe, and so to cover anything that you- -

THE COURT:

Let me just ask Mr. Hulse if he understands

Number 3; do you understand Number 3, what he wants in

Number 3, and do you have anything there that would

throw any light on Number 3?

MR. HULSE:

I am not sure what he wants, but we have some

exhibits that we want to offer this afternoon.

THE COURT:

In other words, all documents purportedly to

show the prior art, and are pertinent to United States

letter to patent 3,233,070, those will all be presented

today that you have?

MR. HULSE:

Yes, sir.

[17] THE COURT:

Okay. That's your answer. Reserving the

right for them to look at the memorandum, you may

proceed now to put on your newly discovered- -

MR. KOLISCH:

Your Honor, would you hear us first on the

question as to whether or not they should be given the

opportunity to put on the newly discovered evidence;

they should be- -

THE COURT:

If I understand the Fifth Circuit's direction

to me, that's why we are here.

MR. KOLISCH:

As I understand the Fifth Circuit's direction

was to hear whether or not there should be a hearing on

the so-called newly discovered evidence.

THE COURT:

Well, wouldn't it be just as easy or quick to

hear the whole matter now and I'll rule on all of it at

the conclusion of the evidence.

MR. KOLISCH:

Would the Court- - If the Court- -

THE COURT:

There would be a duplication involved if I

should decided to hear it, and it says here, "The [18]

District Court will hear and determine said motion

proceeding on the issue of infringement, and- - "

MR. KOLISCH:

No, that's the second- -

THE COURT:

". «District Court .. . (counsel and Court

talking at the same time.) ... subject, however, to

the Court's consideration of a motion filed under Rule

60B 2 to be filed in District Court by the Defendant,

Sakraida- - "

MR. KOLISCH:

Sakraida.

THE COURT:

Sakraida. - -on the issue of patent validity

based on newly discovered evidence. The District Court

will hear and determine said motion."' How am I going

to pass on it unless I hear it?

MR. HUNTER:

If we could show the Court this this was not

newly discovered evidence or it was evidence which he

could not have obtained with diligence, then I think

that- -

THE COURT:

Well, I think that the burden is upon the

Movant under Rule 60b to prove- -

{19} MR. KOLISCH:

Yes, sir.

THE COURT:

And I think I am going to give him an oppor-

tunity to prove that this is newly discovered evidence

and it is entitled to be offered, and under these

circumstances that they will get a new trial of it

heard, but the only way I know to do that is see what

they can do; the burden is their's under Rule 60b. As

I understand it.

MR. KOLISCH:

I think that's correct. I just wanted to get

that procedure straight.

THE COURT:

All right. Let's proceed, Mr. Hulse. I

think that the burden is upon the Petitioner, the

Movant.

10.

Dec. 14, 1965 D. J. GRIBBLE ETAL 3,223,070

DAIRY ESTABLISHMENT

Filed Nov. 5, 1963

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DAIRY ESTABLISHMENT

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United States Patent Office

3,223,070

Patented Dec. 14, 1965

3,223,070

DAINY ESLABLISEEMIENT

Donald Joseph Gribble and Henry FB. Bennett, Sonta

Rosa, Calif., assignors to AG Pro Inc. Santa Rosa,

Calif., a corporation of California

Filed Nov. 5, 1963, Ser. No. 321,612

3 Claims, (Cl 11¢—16)

This invention relites to method and equipment for

care and maintenance of domestiated food-producing

animals. While the invention in partcularly apphecable

to the care and maintenance of milk-producing cows.

and will be described in relition io the construction of

a dairy barn and core of cows. tf is uppheame to other

domesticated animal ..

Ever since man domesticated avimals, their cure and

maintenance has involved a crest .mownt of hand Libor,

particularly in the case of milk producing animals such

as cows which are hept for perils of time in a born.

It is recoenized today that in onder to achieve optimum

results in milk production, cows must be properly fed

and cared for and milked wader strictly sanitury condi-

tions. The removal of cow offal fiom 4a barn is as mech

of a task today as it was in ancient tenes. In order to

“produce good, sweet milk, it ix important that there be

no accumulations of cow manure and urine in the born

because milk readily absorbs oders directly ay well as

through the respiratory system of the cows. Purther-

more, accumulations of manure m the usual piles or la-

geons employed im connection wih doiry Operations are

vinonious and highly unsanitary. They ore breeding

grounds, for flies, mosquitoes and all forms of pests as

well as a prime source of Water Comlumination. Soepare

and runoff from moerure accemelitions, contaminoete sur

face as well as subsurface water supphes. Acconding to

a feature of our invention, thy ix completely elinvinuied

and cow offal is continuously removed from a barn and

put into condition for expeditions use as fertilizer.

Under known duirying techniques cows ate maan'vined,

when the weather permits, in pausiures near the nvik az

barn and ate periodically brought into the burn for the

purpose of milking word then returned to pasture. Move-

ment of cows betwcen pasture and barn is time con-

sunung and entails considerable mon hours. Permitting

Cows [0 graze a pasture ty not the most efficient way of

feeding them. When cows ate turned loose in wu Masture,

they graze it unevenly, trample mweh of the feed. and

the manner in which their mromure is deposited on the

ground destroys the feed with which i comes in contac:

and deesn't do the ground much good. Furthermere,

flies and other undesiraMe pests are attracted to the area.

From the foregoing. it will be appreciated that a given

fiell will produce more and better food if the feed is

removed therefrom and fed to te cows rather than per-

nitung them to graze

The object of the present invention is to prow le a

really completely sanitary doory svstem whieh produces

uniformly high-quality milk im erester quantties per Gow

than heretofore produced uf seostuatially lower cout and

with much greater cose to the prostecer,

The object of the invention is achieved by maintaining

a herd of duiry cows under controlled, sanitary conditions.

Pasturing of cows is completely climinoted. ‘The cows

are maintained in a large bara having various areas in

which the cows fest, cat, and are milked on a controlled

cycheal schedule. Cows are hnown to be creatures of

habit and they readily adapt thonselses to movine at the

desired times from one area te another. Substuntia! hand

labor amd man hours are eben natet by keeping the cows

relatively confined and the qeomtey aed quality of their

milk is markedly enhanced.

14.

According to a feature of the present invention, the

areas in which the cows are confined are so constructed

that they cum be portotically Mushed clean by water which

ts collected and utilized thereafter. Some of the wasie

products which accumulate on the floor of a dairy barn

are monure, urine, feed, stall bedding material, and milk.

All of this waste is removed by the flushing water ard

formed into a tertiliver slurry which may be applied by

stntalte sprinkler irrigation mechanism to the fields sur-

rounding the born. The slurry is diluted to un extent

that there is no ebjectionsble oder and flies and other

peMs are Not attracted. There is littl fertilizer value lors

because the slurry is apphed while still relatively fresh

to the soil in a condition in which it can be easily ab-

sorbed. An app!cation of slurry to a field may be fol-

lowed by an apple tion of clear water which will wash out

the sprinkler system: and clean the foliage in a field.

Much greater soil productivity is thereby achieved and

teed, os well as other agricultural products, can be pro-

duced in greater ond better quantity. If desirable, it is

alo posible to transport the slurry by tank cars or

trucks to lvcations remote from the barn for use as

fertilizer.

According to a feature of the invention, the areas over

which the cows are free to roam in the barn are of a hard-

paved surface, such as concrete, and are on a Slight

angle so ws tO permit ciainage in a desired direction

into collecting tanks. Wiater-dispensing means ire so

constructed and positioned that they can be automatically

natenited at predetermined times to release relutively laree

quontites of water for washing the barn floors. The

Wash water is collected for subsequent fertilizer use, as

pPrevious'¥ mentioned.

According to another feature of the invention, the rest

stally of the coms are constructed so that a cow's body

can comfortably fit in th > stall, but cow offal is deposited

outside the stull on the concrete floor which is flushed.

According to still another feature of the invertion, just

before a cow moses into milking position, the cow's

wider and surrounding areas, such as flanks and lower

rear lees are Washed clean. The cow is also stimulated

for easier and quicker milking. In this process, the cow's

vatder is subjected to a spray of warm water and thereafter

primed for milking. This stimulates the cow to let her

milk down and immediately thereafter the cow is milked.

A cow which is milked according to the method of the

invention not only produces more and betier milk, but

wkder damace and mastitis are materially reduced and

the peril of time over which a cow will be productive is

iMncreased,

According to stll another feature of the invention, the

cows just prior to milking puss through a series of sta!'s

havine gates which are operated by the movement of

the cows whereby cach cow will be in a milking station

ata desired time and in optimum milking condition.

These and other features of the invention will be ex-

Plained in greater detail in conjunction with the drawings,

in which:

Pls. tis a schematic top plan view of a dairy instal-

lation in aesondorce with the present invention;

Pii. 2 ts seetton on the lines 2—2 of FIG. 1, show-

Ny cows standing in resting stalls;

1G. 3 is a top plan view of a cow lying down in a

resting stall:

11G. 4 i a side elevation of a water-dispensing dump

tank sccording to the invention;

1 1G. S iy an enlarged top plan view of the milking area

of the barn of FIG. 4;

biG. © is aw section on lines 6—6 of FIG. 5. showing a

Bute,

PMs 7 is a section on lines 7--7 of FIG. 6, showing

mounins of control rod amd pate;

3,223,070

FIG. & is a ton plan view of « portion of the front

gate and spray-washing mechannm of the washing stall

of FIG. 5:

FIG. 9 is a sikle clevation partly in section of & portion

of the cov solding arco. dam in lowered position, and

crowding mechoninm:

FIG. 10 iy an enlarged side clevation partly in section

of a portion of FIG. 9%, showing the dam in raised posi-

tion: and

FIG. 19 is an enlarced side elevation partly in section

on fines 191 —BP of FIG. 10, showong a venter) connection,

Referting to BIG. 1, there is penerally indaoted at 10

a building enclosure of barn which is divided inte various

areas. Milking wing If has a cow-holling area 12 in

which cows are confined just prior to milking. The cows

are maintained in groups or units indicated at A, B.C,

D in FIG. 1. The cows from a particular grown are

milked together and the milking times of the \arious

groups may be arranged so as to provide for a convenient

schedule of milking the cows wnd cleansing of the various

areas of the barn. Each cow has her own stall 13 within

a resting area 14 that corresponds with her particular

group. Each resting area opens on to a central transfer

or roaming area 18 and feeding areas 16. Gates 18a

control movement of the cows from the rest and feeding

areas into the transfer area. The cows are not confined

to their stalls and are free to move between rest and

feeding areas as they desire. This will, of course, usually

be when feed is made available to them in the manner

about to be described.

Feed-storage silos 17 are connected by suitable me-

chanically driven and controlled conveyer means 18 to

feed troughs 19 in feeding areas 16. Mechanism 18 may

be adjusted to deliver the amount, type, and frequency

of feed desired to troughs 19 If desired. each Slo can

he filled with » different type of feed which is Metered

in predetermined amounts to the sutomatic comseyer

mechanism which deposits it in the feed trough where it

is freely accessible to the cows.

It will be appreciated that the number of groups of

Cows, as well as the number of cows in cach group, can

be varied and the construction of the barn will be appro-

Priately adjusted.

All of the floor area of ihe barn over which cows are

permitted to walk is covered by « relatively smooth, hard

surface, such as concrete, which will sutisfactoril, with-

stand repeated washings. The floors are sloped so ax to

Permit drainage towards grate 20 of a fertilizer recovery

and utilization system, generally indicated at 21. A uni-

form slope of the barn floors at a rate of around three

feet per hundred fect has been found to he satisfactory.

As best seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, cach of the Cow-resting

stalls 13 is defined by a front wall 22, Side-Jividing and

cross members 23, 24, and floor 25 which is raised above

the level of alley floor 26. The length and width of a

stall 13 is such that a milking cow of a particular breed

can comfes... ly accommudtate herself in a stall in either

standing or lying position. Commercially operated dairies

usually milk only cows of a particular breed whose sizes

do not vary materially. However, if for any reason st is

necessary to accommodate cows of varying sizes and

dimensions, the stalls can be varied by use of a movable

Meckboar! 28 on sloped guide rails 29 whereby the hourd

may be adjusted depending on the length and heigh! of a

particular cow. The important consileration in cither

case is that the size of the stall is such that all cow offs!

falls outside the stall and is deposited in alley 26, which

is sloped as previously mentioned. The cows are pre:

vented from turning in their stalls and their bedding 27

remains clean and dry and off of the floor arcas subjected

to water flushing, as hereinafter describe’,

At the uphill end of coch alley 26, moons for rele, ine

a relatively large amount of woter to Mus) the alleys lean

are provided. The water-releasing means may .on-

veniently take the form of dump tanks 30 (FIG. 4),

15.

comprising a liree water-holding container 31 pivotally

supported at emher end oa stub shafts 32 suitably mounted

on frames 23 resting on alley floor 26. Shock absorbers

34 aie CoMMested by cramks 3S to shafts 32. Coun er-

weight 6 wo monnted on the back side of container M

Advstalte retera stops 37 are mornted on either end of

container JE and adayed te enrage the frame 33 to pos-

wn the tank un upright potion, Water-inlet how 38%

js connected at ore end to the tank and af another end

to water-comtral mean, J9 which may be adjusted Jepend-

mg On the desived cote of woter flow on the tank, When

container 3b is tilled abowe lime $0. the tank lips forward!

and dumps a sheet of w ster 42 on the oor, ‘Te empty

lank is returned to upright position by the counterwenght

for refilling, Mt will be appreciated that a tark may be

adjusted automaticulty to release desired amounts of

flushing water on a cyclicol avis, such as every four

hours.

Turning now to the milking wing, as seen best in FIGS.

Pant S$. four mithing station stalls 48, 484, 48¢, 48d

are positioned around a pit 46. Inside the pit an Operator

Stimds and applies connections from the automatic milk-

Mz Machines (not shown) to the cows. Fach milking

Mall has a pair of air-operated gates 47, 48 which are

comroiiod by the operator through suitable control mech-

anim (net shown). When ererated. the Lutes swing open

fo 4a position shown in dotted lines in FIG. S, permitting

a cow which has been milked to leave the stall and the

AEX! cow to be milked to enter the stall. Water sprays

44 continuously sproy water en the floor in the milking

Stalls in order continuously to remove spilled milk ond

wy cow offsl Immediately behind milking stalls 48a

amt $87 there are two milk stimulation stalls 49, 49h,

cach having sprays $0 for directing Warm water or warm

dryinz at aevinst the udder and surrounding areas of a

cow stondins in the stall A fool bow $9 i, provided at

the formant end of each sinertation Mall into which

through sutomatic mesons (not shown), a Prevetermined

amount of fecd ix placed in the box each ume a cow

comes in the stall.

Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, there will be explained

the construction and operation of gate $2 in siall 49%

which is similar to the other Ur-operated gates emploved

in the other stall, in the nvthing aiea. Post $3 of gute

$2 is hineed at 84 to Post F35 of the stall. Cylinder §6

mounted on rail $7 is connected by piston $8 to gate $2.

Air ‘lines $9 are connected at one end to c\linder 56

ant at the other end (not shown) to actuating means

controlled by opening of gates 47. $8 of milking stalls

450, 43d. whereby when one of those milking stalls is

‘Fee. pate $2 opens and a cow within stall 49/ ix free to

enter the open milking stall, Control rod 60 is pivotally

mounted at 61 on post $5 at the front of the stall and

operated by the cow as she leaves the stall. Back enJ

62 of rod 60 is ad ipted to engage plunger 63 of air lines

64 which control closing of gate $2 behind the cow and

OPENS a gate 63 permitting a cow to puss from washing

“Mull 70 into whichever of stalls 49) or 49) is open

A cow enters washing sta! 70 throuch gates 71 flanked

by guide rails 72 when the gues are opened under con.

trol of cate 48 of a milking stall Orening. A», a cow

Moves into stall 7@, she ene ree, a control rod 73 in the

Mall that actuates spray heads 74 Positioned in the floor

of the sts! 10 eject a spray of water that will wash the

udder and surrounding ares. of the cow standing in the

Mall, Heads 74 are turned off when gate 78 of the stall

opens 10 permit a cow to leove the washing stall.

Referring to FIG. 8, mechonivm for controlling spray

heads 74 is shown. Cylinver 76 is mounted on post 7

of the stall. Piston 78 of the cylinder is connected at 79

to gute 78. Operston of piston 78 ix hy air lines 80

which are controlled by opemng of gates 68. When suite

78 is in closed! position shown in dotted lines, it eneaces

plunger 81 permitting water to pass through conduit 82

3,223,070

to heads 74. Opening of gute 78 disengages plunger 81

and shuts off water to heads 74.

When the cows are ready for milking, they will natu-

rally congregate in the milking arca. In order to expedite

their movement through the outking stations and segregate

the cows who are to he milked, there ts provided in hold-

ing area 12 which leads into the milking area, a crowding

device generally indicated ot 8S (FIG. 9) one-half of

which is shown, the other half being the same. Rollers

86 ride along top rail 87 on cither site of the holding

ares. “Tramsverse rails 8B cucoad hetwcen cach half of

the crowding device and are connected to one end of lever

89 which is pivotally mounted at 96 to side plate 91

hanging from wheels 86. A weight 92 is provided at

the other end of lever 89. When the lever is pushed down,

roils 88 are swung up permitting cows to pass underneath.

When the cows are all inside the rails, they are lowered

an! as it is desired to move cows through holding area

12 in the direction of dashed arrow nes (FIG. §), the

crowding device is moved forwarntly in the direction of

the solid arrow (FIG. 9) by pulling cable 83. A stop

84 is positioned at the end of rail 87 to limit backward

movement of the crowding device. The cows will one

at a time then proceed throuch the washing, milk stimula-

tion, and milking stalls in the direction of the dotted

arrows (FIG. $). Once a cow has been milked, she

will leave the milking area of her own volition down cow-

return alleys 93 to area 1S, and to her stall or feeding

area. The system of gates and rails will prevent her

from mingling with cows in the holding area awaiting

milking.

Near the juncture of holding area 12 and transfer-roam-

ing area 18, a dam 94 is provided for controlling flow of

flushing water from the milking area. Floor 98 of the

milking urea slopes into area 18 which slopes toward grate

20 at about a pitch of F in 100", Warter-retaining walls

96 cxtend along cither side of the holding arca. Wings

97 extend from one end of walls 96 to site wally 98

of the milking wing and dam 94 evtends between the

other two ends of the water-retaining walls. The dam

comprises a steel plate 100 (FIGS. 9. 10) which at 101

is hinged to a channel iron 102 embedded in floor 9S.

A sheet of tough rubber-like material 103 prevents leak-

age of water between the plite and channel! ond along

the sides when the dam is raised as shown in 1IG. 10.

A catch 104 on post 108 holds the dam closed when it

is in raised position. When the catch is released, the

dam is free to fall flat on the floor, as shown in BIG. 9.

ht is in the latter position while a group of cows are

passing into the holding area preparatory to milking.

Once al! the cows are confined in area 12, the dom is

raised to retain flushing water coming in the milking area.

Water behind the dam may rise up to line 106. After a

group of cows have been milked, dam 94 is dropped and

a relatively large volume of water is released into area

1S which is thereby cleansed.

It will be seen from the foregoing that all of the water

which is used to flush the floors of the barn drains to-

ward grate 20 which is so constructed as to permit the

water and entrapped offal to collect in tank 110 of the

fertilizer recovery and utilization system (FIG. 1). Tank

110 may convenicnt!y be placed underground and an

agitator 291 in the tank mixes the water and offal inte

a slurry. Pump 912 and pope 013 pass the slurry through

a dewatering device 114 from which excess water ts te-

moved, and through a grinder 11S which grinds al! large

solids, feed, rest stall bedding material, ete. to a sive

small enough to pass through a sprinkler. The result-

ing slurry is maintained in another storage tank 116 hav-

ing agitators I1f therein. When ferthzer slurry iv de-

sired, pump 117 pumps it from the tank into pipes 118,

119 connected to sprinklers 120 in the fields adhwoining

the barn. There is also connected to pipe 119 a source

of clean water and pump 121 which pumps water onder

pressure into Pressure tamk 122

16.

Referring to FIG. 11, there is shown one way—ventiiri

action—of passing slurry through the sprinkler system.

At the juncture of pipes 118, 119 there is a coupling 123

und a restricted orifice 124 in pipe 118. Slurry under

pressure pases through orifice 124 where it is mired

with clean water under pressure from tank 122 and nroves

in the divection of the arrows to the sprinklers. In place

of the venturi a high presure centrifugal or other sui-

able type of pump could be used in the system

ht will he appreciated that the amount and mixture of

fertilizer slurry can be controlled as desired. Also, after

fertilizer slurry has been deposited in the fields, clean

water can be sent through the pipes in order to wash them

out and any fertilizer remaining on the foliige. In this

way the fertilizer is washed into the ground, and there

are no obnoxious odors or attraction for flies and other

pests. If, in the winter or at other times, it is not desired

to fertilize the adjvining fickis, the storage tunks may be

emptied into tank cars or the like for transportation of

the fertilizer to other areas where it may be utilized.

It will be noted from the foregoing description of the

invention that personnel to operate a dairy barn have

been greatly reduced from that normally employed and

that the cows to a great extent have been left free to

move of their own volition. It has been found that cows

are creatures of habit and learn a routine quickly, par-

ticularly where it is to their comfort and advantave.

Cows therefore lend themselves readily to the desired

cyclical movements from one area to another at the de-

sired times with a minimum of human effort.

While the system has been explained with respect to

specific embodiments of the invention, it will be appre-

ciated by those skilled in the art that various chanves

may be made in the consiruction without departing from

the scope of the invention as defined in the appended

claims,

It is claimed and desired to secure by Letters Patent:

1. A dairy barn for cows and the like including a

smooth, evenly contoured paved surface forming a floor

providing a walking surface for cows in the barn, drvin

means for draining wash water from such floor opening

to the top of the fluor, said smooth, evenly contoured sur-

face which forms such floor sloping toward said drain

means whereby wash water discharged on the floor may

be collected and disposed of throuch said drain means,

suid burn further including multiple rest areas with in-

dividual stalls for cach cow and with each of said stalls

having a bottom which is also of smooth pavement, but

which is disposed at an elevation above the paved sur-

fave forming the Moor, suid stalls being dimensioned so

that a cow can comfortably stand of lie in the stall, but

offal from the cow falls outside the stall bottem and

onto the floor providing the walking surface in the bara.

suid barn further including defined feeding areas having

feeding troughs with means for discharging feed to the

troughs, a cow-holJing area, a milking area and a trans-

fer wtea all bottomed with the walking surface forming

snd Hoor in the barn, and Noor-washing means for wash-

ing the Noor providing the walking surface in the ba

where said floor bottoms said feeding, holding, milking

and transfer areas operable to send wash water flowing

over the floor with such water washing any cow offal

thereon inte said drain means, said floor-washing means

incleshing Meany located over a region of said Noor which

is uphill from said drain means constructed to collect

water as a pool above said floor and operable after such

collection of water as a pool to disperse the water as a

sheet of water over said Nour.

2. The barn of claim 1, wherein said floor-washing

means comprises a water Cump tank disposed above the

floor, and a mounting for tie tank including means where-

by the same may be tipped thereby to allow the contents

of the tank to escape abruptly from adjacent the top of

the tank and to cascade onio the floor to form a sheet of

water thereon.

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. hint

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pee

3,223,070

3. The barn of claim 1, wherein suid Noor-washing

means comprises a dam for damning ond collecting water

as a pool directly on the floor, wnd such dam is abruptly

openable to send such water as u sheet over the floor to-

ward said drain means.

References Cited hy the Examiner

UNITED STATES PATENIS

1,968 S64 7/1974 = Liks.

1,981,417 1171934 Kreutzer .........--- 119-16

1.981.418 11/1934 Kreutzer -......--... 119-16

2,081,947 6/1937 McCormack ...----.- 119-16 X

2.233.70R SIGE Bagett ccccccccccccce 11916

2,294,781 9/1942 Ingraham .....--..- 119—27 X 13

2,691,389 10/1954 Anstiss .......------- 119—20 °?

17.

FOREIGN PATENTS

1.246.418 10/1960) France.

914.649 1/1963) Great Britain.

OTHER REFLRENCES

Cattle Shelters and Equipment for South Carolina, Fx-

tension Agricultural Engineering Handbook No. 2, Dec.

1988, pp. 21 and 26.

The Way Cows Will be Milked on Your Farm “To-

ly morrow,” Babson Kros., Dairy Research Service, 195%,

p. 13.

SAMUEL KOREN, Primary Examiner.

HUGH R. CHAMBLFF, ALDRICH F. MEDBFRY,

Examiners.

I NNNANAAAS I BASASSSAL

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1,968,564

4 Sheets-Sheet 2

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K. LUKS

MILKING APPARATUS

Filed March 17, 1928

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July 31, 1934. K. LUKS 1,968,564

‘ MILKING APPARATUS

Filed March 17, 1928 4 Sheets-Sheet 4

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21.

Patented July 31, 1934

UNITED STATES

1,968,564

PATENT OFFICE

1,968,564

MILKING APPARATUS

Kraemer Luks. Towaco,

N. J., aasignor, by mesne

assignments, to Walker-Gordon Laboratory

Company, Inc., Plainsboro, N. J., a corporation

of Delaware

Application March 17,

21 Claims.

This invention relates to apparatus for milking

cows and contemplates the provision of means

whereby a system may be established for the

movement of animals seriatim from their barns

8 and for subjecting them in sequence to all the op-

erations incidental to hygienic milking while the

cows are traveling on a moving platform.

Another object is to provide means whereby

the cows file from their barns, walk successively

10 into position on a moving platform, remain in said

position on the platform during all the opera-

tions, and then successively step off the platform

upon arriving at a given position and file back to

their barns.

18 Another object consists in providing such an

apparatus in which the traveling platform moves

in an endless path, supports devices for perform-

ing certain of the operations. and successively

passes stations at which are located devices ap-

20 propriate for the performance of others of the

operations, the said devices being arranged in

such sequence as to require the correct succession

of the operations, and being located at such dis-

tances apart as to allow the correct amount of

25 time for each operation before any given anime!

reaches the succeeding station.

Another object consists in providing such an

apparatus in which the moving platform is an-

nular in form and the stations for certain of the

operating devices are located around its outside

circumference, while its inner circumference {Is

employed for the exit of the animals and for

the location of any such complementary struc-

ture as may be desirable. This arrangement

35 allows adequate room for the operating devices

because the outside circumference is, of course,

much greater than the inside, and it also facili-

tates the said operations because of the relatively

slow linear speed of the outside circumference at

any given R. P. M.

Another object is to provide such an apparatus

which has the capacity for handling a large num-

ber of animals and yet is comparatively compact

45 and simple in construction.

Another object consists tn providing such an

apparatus in which suitable relatively movable

connections are established between the parts of

the operating devices on the moving platform and

60 the parts on immovable supports surrounding the

platform so as to enable proper cooperative func-

tioning of the said parts.

A further object consists in providing certain

improvements in the form, construction and ar-

55 rangement of the several parts of the apparatus

22.

1928, Serial No. 262,389

(CL 31—58)

whereby the above named and other objects may

effectively be attained.

A practical embodiment of the invention is

shown in the accompanying drawings, in which

Fig. 1 represents a broken diagrammatic view 60

of a plant, Ulustrating a location of the cow

barns and the milking apparatus suitable for

carrying out the desired system.

Fig. 2 represents a diagrammatic view of the

moving platforin and certain connected parts. 65

Pig. 3 represents a section taken in the plane of

the line LI—ITI of Pig. 2, looking in the direction

of the arrows, and including certain parts not

shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 represents an enlarged detail section 70

taken substantially in the plane of the line IV—IV

of Fig. 2 looking in the direction of the arrows.

Fig. 5 represents a detail section taken in the

plane of the line V—V of Fig. 4 looking in the

direction of the arrows. 76

Fig. 6 represents an enlarged deiail section,

on the same scale as Fig. 4, taken substantially

in the plane of the line VI—VI of Fig. 2 looking

in the direction of the arrows.

Pig. 7 represents a section taken in the plane 80

of the line VII—VII of Pig. 6, looking in the

direction of the arrows, and showing certain parts

more completely.

The general system followed in the individual

application of my inventiqn may be a matter 85

of substantial importance and, in order better to

visualize the same, reference may be had to Fig.

1 in which the general lay-out is diagrammati-

cally represented. Two series of barns are marked

1, 2. The building in which my improved appa- 90

ratus may be housed is indicated by 3, and an

endiess walkway for the cows is marked 4. This

walkway is arranged so as to meet with the up-

per level of the apparatus at the ingress point

denoted by 5, and to leave on the same level at 95

the egress point marked €, and then be depressed

and pass under the apparatus, as indicated in

dotted lines, until it rejoins the main walkway

at the normal level thereof. The arrows on the

walkway denote the path of travel of the ani- 100

mals, and it will, of course, be understood that

they file in sequence from the barns 1 and 2 for

the milking operation. and return to the same

thereafter, in accordance with the predetermined

system under which the plant is operated. 105

The moving platform is denoted generally by

7, and it preferably takes the form of an annulus

fitted to be supported in a suitable depression

formed in the foundations of the building for

housing the apparatus. The said platform or 110

2 1,968,564

turntable may have a cementitious surface 8 sup-

ported on metallic or other suitable flooring 9

carried by angle iron or other appropriate beams

10. The said beams 10 are radially disposed at

suitable intervals around the platform 7 and

their inner and outer ends are riveted to and

supported by channel girders 11, 12, that are

suitably curved so as to conform to the shape

of the platform.

A pair of concentric rails or tracks 13, 14, are

secured to the under sides of the beams 10 by

suitable clamping devices 15. 16, and the said

rails are designed to rest upon two concentric

series of wheels 17, 18, ‘see Fig. 3) which are

properly mounted in order to constitute means

for supporting and permitting rotary travel of

the platform 7. The said rails may be ordinary

railroad rails and the wheels similar to railroad

car wheels.

Series of journals 19, 20, carry the wheels 17.

18-and are themselves mounted on supports 21,

22, which may conveniently be composed of re-

inforced concrete.

Two of the wheels 17, preferably diametrically

opposed, are positively driven from motors 23,

through suitable connections of conventional

formn. The driving of the said wheels 17 serves

to rotate the platform 7 at desired speed. I find

@ peripheral speed of the outside circumference

of the platform amounting to twelve feet per

minute to be satisfactory.

In order to prevent slippage between the wheels

and rail in the drive, it is desirable to have the

journals 19 yieldingly mounted in any well known

or approved form. Such mounting may also

be provided for the journals 29 that carry the

wheels 18, if desired.

The upper surface of the platform 7 has a se-

ries of radially disposed divisions which are

marked 24. In the present instance 40 of these

are shown, and they may conveniently be com-

posed of hollow iron piping suitably fixed on the

cementitious surface 8. The said devices are

spaced apart at such distance as to establish

between each contiguous pair a stall for a cow.

so that forty cows can be accommodated at one

time on the platform. It will, of course, be ciear

that this number may be increased or decreased

by varying the size of the apparatus

Each of the said devices 24 constitutes a means

of support for a suitable milking machine in-

tended to be operative during a portion of the

time the animals are being transported on the

platfoizi. The said milking machine is illustrated

in Fig. 4 of the drawings but, as it constitutes no

part of my invention and is described in a co-

pending application of Cyrus H. Hapgood, Serial

Number 262,337 filed of even date herewith. the

same will not be herein described other than to

note that the teat cups are indicated by 25. the

connecting tubes for operating them by 26, a

puisator pipe by 27, a vacuum pipe by 28, and

the milk pall by 29.

The apparatus also includes a series of iron

piping frames 30 which have their outer ends

mounted on the foundation exterior to the plat-

form, as indicated at 31, and their inner ends

fastened, as at 32, to a wall 33. or other struc-

ture located within the inner circumference of

the platform. The said frames 30 ure suitably

positioned and are calculated to carry actuating

devices 34, 35, 36. 37, for the milking machines,

all as shown and described in said co-pending

application of Cyrus H. Hapgood. As these ar-

23.

piping 41 to a main pipe 42 which is connected

in any practicable way with the vacuum pipe 28 85

of the milking machine. It is intended to use

only one of the motors and connected devices at

time, the second being supplied in order to elimi-

nate interruption in the operation in case of

breakdown. Valves 43, 43, in the branch pipes 90

41, 41, enable either exhaust pump to be con-

nected with the main pipe 42. Pipe extensions

44. 44, from the pulsators, may be united with a

on the traveling platform and before milking 100

devices 24 and located near the outer circum-~-

ference of the platform. Each stand pipe has an

overhanging spray head 46 with a pair of nozzles 105

47, and a lower spray head 48 with a pair of

nozzles 49. The said pipes are connected at their

lower ends with a water main 50 that is circularly

formed and carried by straps 51 bemeath the

radially disposed beams 10. The said water main 119

50 is supplied with water under pressure through

a pipe 52 connected with a pump 53 that is hung

in a sling 54 fixed to the under side of the plat-

form. The said pump communicates by a pipe

55 with a circular trough 56 that is carried in 415

brackets 57 bolted or otherwise secured to the

beams 10. A supply pipe 58 from a suitable source

leads into the trough 56 and the flow of water

therefrom into the trough is governed by a float

valve 59 similar to the common float valve usually 129

employed in flush tanks. This arrangement pro-

vides for maintaining a predetermined leve! of

water in the trough 56 and allows for relative

movement of the trough and supply pipe during

the rotation of the platform 7. The pump 53 425

may be driven from a motor 60 mounted in the

same sling 54.

The actuation of the spray nozzles 47, 49, is

governed by a valve 61, which is provided with

a lever 62 normally urged upwardly by @ re- 130

tractile spring 63. A shoe 64 ts carried by a

bracket 65 fast to the foundation surrounding

the platform and provided with upwardly curved

ends, as clearly shown in Fig. 7. The said shoe

is designed to contact with rollers 66 on the lower 435

ends of the levers 62 and to depress the said levers

against the action of the springs 63 in order to

open the valves 61 and permit the water to be

sprayed from the nozzles 47, 49. “The length of

the shoe 64 determines the extent of the period 149

of spray.

All the previously mentioned motors are pro-

vided with power through three poles 67 that

have shoes 68 at their upper ends which run on

wire rings 69 carried om the under side of the 1:5

platform 7. and communicating by suitable con-

nections. generally indicated by 70, with the

motors.

It may be desirable to have additional sprays

playing upon the rear of the animal, and, to this 15¢

“i

end, I have provided three spray heads 71 located

on the foundation at a desired point contiguous

to the outer periphery of the platform 7. These

may be operated manually by any suitable form of

valve construction, and serve to contact with por-

tions of the anima! not effectively reached by the

sprays 47 and 49.

For the purpose of drying the animals follow-

ing the spraying, a hot air hood 72 supplied from

a suitable source of hot air 73 by a blower 74

is located on the foundation at a predetermined

point adjacent the outer circumference of the

platform 7. The said drying means is represented

diagrammatically in Fig. 2 and may be of any well

known or approved construction.

The exit walkway for the animals, shown in

dotted lines in Fig. 2, is more fully represented.

as to its construction, in Fig. 3, and may consist

of reinforced concrete supports 75 flanked by

walls or rails 76 with occasional uprights 77 hav-

ing cross heads 78. The walls, of course, guide

the animals, and the uprights and cross heads

prevent disorder.

The surface immediately exterior to the outer

circumference of the platform 7 has a gutter 79

formed therein with drain pipes 80 at intervals

for the escape of the wash water and refuse. The

said gutter is furnished at its inner edge with an

upstanding guard 81 that cooperates with a de-

pending flap 82 on channe! beam 12 to prevent any

splashing or seepage of the drain water from the

gutter into the space beneath the platform.

The diagrammatic view represented in Fig. 2

is marked to indicate the successive operations

and the proportional period of time allowed for

each. When the apparatus is in use, an animal

steps from the walkway 4 onto the traveliftg plat-

form in the position indicated by the dotted figure

of a cow shown ai 83 in Fig. 2. The platform Is,

at that time, moving in the direction of the ar-

row indicated thereupon. Promptiy after the

animal reaches this position on the platform. the

sprays come into operation and cleanse the ani-

ma] during the period of time marked “Spray

wash” on Fig. 2. which is indicated as being 63

seconds. Following this the animal may be

washed with a brush manually for a period of

42 seconds. Thereafter the hot air drying takes

place for u period of 183 seconds. When the dry-

ing has been completed there is a manual fore-

milking which is indicated to be completed with-

in 42 seconds. Thereafter the operator attaches

the teat cups 25 of the milking machine and is

allowed 21 seconds for doing so. The milking ma-

chine is intended to be in operation for a period

of 300 seconds, and then an operator is allowed

21 seconds for detaching the teat cups. Follow-

ing thi> there is a manual! stripping in order to

compl ce the milking operation, and this is in-

tended to be accomplished in 63 seconds. At

the end of the stripping operation the cow has

reached the point of egress into the walkway

indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 2. and as this

point is reached, the stall in which the animal

is standing comes in coincidence with an open-

ing 84 in the wall structure 33 and the cow. as

is its wont, immediately steps throuch the said

opening into the walkway.

The description which has just been given

with respect to a single animal takes place with

each animal in succession, and it will be under-

stood that there is a continuous procession of the

cows filing onto the moving platform, into the

successive stalls, and off the platform into the

walkway. Thus, from the time each cow leaves

24.

its barn until it returns thereto, there is a con-

stant movement in a given direction so that the

whole purpose is accomplished by systematic

progression from the barn through the milking

operations and others incidental! thereto and back

to the barn. without any reversal or confusion

of movement. The periods allowed for the various

operations are practicable and suitable but they

are, of course, variable in accordance with in-

dividual judgment and the exigencies of any

particular plant. Following the milking step, in

cry case, the milk pails may be emptied into suit-

able receptacies and the output from each animal

weighed and recorded as described, for instance,

in the said co-r-nding application of Cyrus H.

Hapgood.

The disclosure of my invention herein set forth

involves, also, a disclosure of other novel subject

matter not my invention and which forms subject

matter of the said co-pending application of

Cyrus H. Hapgood.

It will be understood that various changes may

be resorted to in the form, constructién and ar-

rangement of the several parts and in the periods

of operation without departing from the spirit

and scope of my invention; hence, I do not intend

to be limited to the details herein shown and

described except as they may be included in the

claims.

What I claim is:

1. Apparatus designed for milking the animals

of a group in succession, said apparatus compris-

ing, a movable platform, means for actuating the

same, means enabling the ingress of the animals

to the platform and their egress therefrom, and

means for milking the animals while on the plat-

form and moving from the point of ingress to the

point of egress.

2. Apparatus designed for milking and treat-

ing the animals of a group in succession, said

apparatus comprising. a movable platform, means

for actuating the same, means enabling the in-

gress of the animals to the platform and their

egress therefrom, and means for milking and

means for treating the animals while on the plat-

form and moving from the point of ingress to the

point of egress.

3. Apparatus designed for milking and treat-

ing the animals of a group in succession, said ap-

paratus comprising, a movable platform, means

for actuating the same. means enabling the ingress

of the animals to the platform and their egress

therefrom, and means for milking and means for

treating the animals while on the platform and

moving from the point of ingress to the point

of egress, part of said last named means being

carried by the platform and part being mounted

adjacent the platform.

4. Apparatus designed for milking the animals

of a group in succession, said apparatus compris-

ing. an endless movable platform, means for

actuating the same. means enabling the ingress

of the animals to the platform and their egress

therefrom. and means for milking the animals

while on the platform and moving from the point

of ingress to the pomt of egress. .

5. Apparatus designed for milking and treating

the animals of a group in succession, said appara-

tus comprising, an endless movable platform,

‘means for actuating the same, means enabling

the ingress of the animals to the platform and

their egress therefrom, and means for milking

and means for treating the animals while on-the

platform and moving from the point of ingress to

the point of egress.

116

140

145

180

ST oP AU

46.

of See eS aa ae

hte

iit

a te:

HTT

jetta

. said point of ingress being at

of the platform and said point of egress

side of the platform, and «

to the point of ingress and away

under the platform.

Apparatus designed for milking and treating

animals of a group in succession, said ap-

paratus comprising, a movable platform, means

for actuating the same, means enabling the in-

gress of the animalstothe platform and their egress

therefrom, and means for milking and means

for treating the animals while on the platform

and moving from the point of ingress to the point

of egress, said point of ingress being at one side

of the platform and said point of egress being at

side of the platform, and a walkway

leading to the point of ingress and away from the

point of egress and passing both over and under

the platform.

9. Apparatus designed for milking and treating

the animals of « group in succession, said ap-

peratus comprising, a movable platform, means

for actuating the same, means enabling the in-

gress of the animals to the platform and their

ges

ing, an endless movable platform, means for actu-

ating the same, means enabling the ingress of the

and a walkway leading to the point of ingress and

away from the point of egress and passing both

over and under the platform.

13. Apparatus designed for milking the animals

of a group in succession, said apparatus compris-

ing, a movable platform, means for actuating the

same, means enabling the ingress of the

animals to the platform and their egress there-

from, and means for milking the animals

while on the platform and moving from the point

of ingress to the point of egress, said point of

ingress being at one side of the platform and said

point of egress being at the other side of the plat-

form, a walkway leading to the point of ingress

and away from the point of egress and passing

both over and under the platform, and shelters

for the animals spaced from the platform and

connected in circuit with said walkway.

side of the platform

ing at the other side of the platform, a walkway

being carried by the platform and part being

mounted adjacent the platform, said point of

ingress being at one side of the platform and

said point of egress being at the other side of

the platform, a walkway leading to the point of

ingress and away from the point of egress and

passing both over and under the platform, and

shelters for the animals spaced from the plat-

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Patented Nov. 20, 1934

UNITED STATES

1,981,417

PATENT OFFICE

1,981,417

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR STORING

AND DISPENSING FEED

Frederic J. Kreutzer, Elmira, N. Y., assignor to

James Manufacturing Company, Fort Atkin-

son, Wis., a corporation of Wisconsin

Application October 10,

7 Claims.

My invention relates to an apparatus and proc-

ess of preparing. storing and dispensing food to

animals and of housing the animals in such a

manner as to facilitate their feeding in con-

nection therewith.

The primary object of my invention is to

virtually eliminate fire hazards in structures of

the described class and to make possible the

complete protection of the feed and housed

animals from fire.

I, is the object of my invention to provide a

process and apparatus for the practice of my

process by which I am enabled to harvest witn-

out regard to weather conditions, moist or green

hay, immediately store that hay and so store it

and ventilate it that it will maintain its con-

tent as when green and will have the advantages

of green feed: so that it will mot be subject to

fire due to spontaneous combustion, as I propose

to remove all ignitible gases when and as they are

generated, as well as to prevent the generation

of any material amount of such gases: ind to

so store the hay that it will be removed after

the lapse of a considerable period by degrees

in such condition that it is the substantial equiv-

alent of green feed, thereby enabling the feed-

ing of green material, other than ensilage, dur-

ing the winter period.

It is my particular object to provide a process

and apparatus for the storing, in green or moist

condition, or both, of hay, preferably in chopped

form, and therefore capable of having a large

amount introduced into a small space. When so

stored it will be in such proportions that, while

compressible, it would nevertheless be easily ven-

tilated from top to bottom and from side to side

and all combustible gases will be continuously

removed as they may be generated.

It is my object to provide a combination of

liquid bearing ensilage storage and relatively dry

hay feed storage so as to permit of the ready

removal of both types of feed, utilizing the en-

silage storage as & part of the support for the

hay storage, while at the same time maintaining

an adequate ventilation of the storage.

In the actual practice of my invention suit-

able means may be provided for loading and

unloading and for conveying the unioaded ma-

terial from both ensilage and hay storage to

points of feeding.

It is the object of my invention to centralize

in a separate building separated by fireproof

containers and passageways the storag: of en-

silage and hay, access to which may be had to

36.

1932, Serial No. 637,027

(Cl. 119—16)

re.nove such material in the proportions neces-

sary to its feeding and no more, and to provide

for such removal to the point of feeding where

the animals are located through covered pas-

sageways so that it is not necessary to either

expose the feed or the operators during inclem-

ent weather.

It is my object to provide separate systems

of ventilation for the feed storage so segregated

and for the animal houses to which batches

of feed are intermittently conveyed and in which

the feed is completely consumed so that no fire

hazard from the storage of feed will be per-

mitted in the animal buildings.

It is my object to provide a system of feed

storage and animal housing ventilation; and

a system of stalling und feeding animals, in

combination with a system of supplying at stated

intervals given quantities of green feed of di-

verse kinds.

It is a further object to provide an arrange-

ment of interchangeable units capable of being

manufactured in standard sections, capable of

being assembled in diverse lengths into standard

buildings and capable of assembly in a variety

of combinations by putting together different

units.

It is also my object to provide such a unitary

construction for different sizes and types of

such buildings that they may be adequately com-

bined in varying combinations and are capable

of indefinite extension in varying combinations,

at the same time providing unobstructed ven-

tilation and light for the interior of the build-

ings as well as easy egress and ingress of the

animals housed therein and to provide ready

accessibility to various parts of the buildings by

attendant.

It is my object to provide a process and ap-

paratus by which a number of extensible build- nt

ings, each consisting of a plurality of inter-

changeable sections, are provided, said buildings

being used with hay storage containers, said

containers and buildings being so connected in 499

a system that there will be no fire hazard from

the feed storage containers.

It is my object to provide a system of fire-

proof buildings and ventilated storage con-

tainers such that the diverse requirements of 05

removing animal gases and heat from the build-

ings, and hazardous gases and heat from the

storage containers may be taken care of with-

out interference of the one with the other.

It is my object to provide fireproof buildings 110

of ag,

2 1,081,417

capabie of being manufactured in sections at

a factory and assembled on the farm by sinrple

assembly means.

It is a further object to provide a systcin of

building a construction so that there may be

interconnected fireproof circulatory buildings for

stock feeding, milking, food conveying and food

storage.

It is my object to provide a container, either

with or without li¢htning rods, of such material

as metal that is an cxcellent electrical con-

ductor and which, owing to the large mass of

metal, will carry electric discharge from storms

without danger to the contents of the chamber;

and to provide in conjunction therewith adequate

ventilation to eliminate combustible and ignitible

gases which may be generated in the mass, there-

by eliminating not only the cause of fire but

the means by which explosions and fires may be

propagated.

A further important and specific purpose of

the invention is to provide stables with means

for storing dry fodder as well as silage in con-

centric storage chambers, the combined capac-

ity of which will be adequate for all of said

animals, the relative cross sectional areas of

the concentric chambers being proportioned to

the ration requirements of the animals, whereby

the contents of the respective chambcrs may be

kept at predetermined relative levels throughout

the feeding period, and whereby dry material

stored in the outer chamber may be utilized to

thermally insulate and protect the moist contents

of the inner chamber.

My object is to not only provide means for

storing wholly or partially dried fodder in such

a@ manner as to protect silage and other mois-

ture containing food from frost but to provide

for the association with stabl«s of storage facili-

ties for both hay and siluge having such charac-

teristics that conditions in either the stable or

the storage structure will not affect conditions

in the other structure, but in which transfers of

feed from storare to stable may be facilitated

to the maximum extent.

Other objects are to provide means whereby

hay and other fodder having similar character-

istics may be gathered from the field and stored

with a sufficiently high moisture content to pre-

vent leaf detaciiment, shattering, and other nu-

trient losses and reduce to a minimum the dan-

ger of deterioration in storage, the development

of heat and gases such as emanate from ordi-

nary hay mows and which tend to promote

spontaneous ignition or explosion of gases and

the growth of molds; to provide storage facili-

ties which will permit of safe storage of hay and

other fodder after a period of field drying of

such short duration as to permit accurate fore-

casts of weather conditions between the time of

cutting and storing; to virtually eliminate the

danger to housed stock and to farm buildings

from either wind or lightning, and reduce to a

minimum the fire hazards resulting from the

use of lanterns, lighted matches, and cigars, and

from defective wiring in electrically lighted

structures; and in general to provide a substan-

tially fireproof animal housing and feeding

structure having superior sanitation and im-

proved lighting, ventilating and food handling

facilities.

A further object is to provide means whereby

such buildings may be constructed in accord-

ance with a variety of designs from standard-

37.

ived factory made sections or members of con-

venient handling and shipping size which can

be readily assembled by inexperienced persons

at the place of installation in series of units

capable of indefinite extension in accordance

with the number of sections used, and in ac-

cordance with any one of various predetermincd

plans of arrangement tn lincal form, quadrangu-

lar form, or other forms suited to a wide diver-

sity of arrangement. Each animal housing unit

is formed of factory made side wall sections of

standardized dimensions and central or roof

sections capable of lineal assembly in the de-

sired number extending from side wall to a

central ridge, whereby units of various widths

may be constructed from sections identical with

those employed for the construction of units of

different widths, and whereby the length of any

unit may be determined by the number of sets

or groups of side wall and roof sections in lon-

gitudinal series.

A further object of my invention is to pro-

vide a housing and food storage structure of

maximum capacity in proportion to roof area

and wall area, and having minimum bracing

and reinforcing requirements, whereby the cost

of construction and the cost of heating may be

reduced to a minimum.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is an isometric view of an animal

feecing and housing structure of a generally

rectangular form;

Figure 2 ts a horizontal section of a portion

of the structure shown in Figure 1, drawn to a

plane indicated by the line 2—2 of Fig. 1;

100

125

1ld

Pigure 3 is a fragmentary view, in vertical -

section, drawn to line 3—3 of Figure 2;

Pigure 4 is a fragmentary view, in vertical

section, drawn to line 4—4 of Figure 2;

Figure 5 is an isometric view of a standard-

ized arch section, a set of associated roof sec-

tions and a connecting post supported beam,

said sections and the beam being slightly sepa-

rated from a position of complete assembly and

mutual support;

Pigure 6 is a fragmentary isometric view,

showing a fragment of one of the arch sections

as it appears when attached to a foundation

wall, and a detached fragment of an associated

arch section;

Figures 7 and 8 are sectional views drawn

respectively on lines 7—7 and 8—8 of Figure 1;

Figures 9, 10 and 11 illustrate various possible

groupings of units similar to the units disclosed

in Figure 1 and constructed from standardized

sections of the same character;

Figure 12 is a fragmentary vertical sectional

view drawn generally to line 12—12 of Figure 2

and showing fragments of the fodder storage

chamber and associated stable and connected

corridor:

Fig. 13 shows an enlarged view of a portion

of the structure shown in Fig. 12;

Figure 14 is a plan view of the fodder storage

chamber showing portions in horizontal sec-

tion, drawn gencrally to line 14—14 of Fiture 12:

Figure 15 is a sectional view of a base portion

of the fodder storage chamber, drawn to the

line 15—15 on Fig. 14;

Figure 16 is an isometric view on an enlarged

scale showing portions of three interlocked outer

wall sections of the fodder storage chamber in

assembled relation to an associated lining wall

support and spacing member, and also showing

a fragment of the lining sections to which the

lis

120

125

131,

1:)

1,081,417 8

illustrated spacing member is directly connected;

Pigures 17 and 18 are fragments showing modi-

fied forms of the foraminous ventilating passage

walls in elevation:

5 Figure 19 is an enlarged view of a portion of the

structure shown in Pig. 21;

Figure 20 is a section on the line 20—20 of

Figure 12 looking in the direction of the arrows:

Figure 21 is a section on the line 21—21 of

\2 Pigure 12 looking in the direction of the arrows:

Figure 22 Is a section on the line 22—22 of

Figure 9, the details of the feed receptacle A

being omitted:

Figure 23 is a section on the line 23—23 of

:5 Pigure 10, the details of the feed receptacle A

being omitted;

Figure 24 is a section on the line 24—24 of

Figure 11, the details of the feed receptacle A

being omitted.

22 _—sC Like parts are identified by the same reference

characters throughout the several views.

Buildings

The improved building structure shown in

-2 Figure 1 comprises a series of units, including

one or more stable units, a milking room and

pen unit, one or more fodder storage units, and

corridor units for connecting the other units.

said units being formed at a factory in stand-

©: ardized sections adapted for assembly in accord-

ance with a variety of plans for arrangement of

the units, either in a generally rectangular

grouping of the units as shown in Figure 1 or

in a lineal grouping, either with or without

oc laterai extensions, as indicated generally in Pig-

ures 9,10 and 11. All of the units in any group

will preferably have a common foundation.

In Figure 1 I have illustrated two storage units

A associated with. two stable units B to which

é~ the units A are connected by corridors C. The

stable units B are cross connected at the ends

nearest the storage units by a pen unit D. and

their other ends are cross connected by a milk

house E and corridors F.

>: The various units are standardized in such a

manner that the factory made sections may each

include inner and outer walls and an intermedi-

ate layer of material adapted for thermal! insula-

tion, each section being capable of transporta-

<* tion and assembly at the place of installation,

either in the form illustrated in Figure 1 or any

one of the forms illustrated in Figure 9, Fig-

ure 10, Figure 11. Various other assemblies

may be made as desired by the purchaser, and

f= as hereinafter explained, the sections are adapted

for the construction of units of any desired width

or length.

Animal housing units

€- The structure of the animal housing units.

the connecting corridurs and the sections of

which they are composed, will now be described

in detail, after which the storage units, their

_ component sections, and their relation to the

€- animal housing units will be described.

The walls of the stable units will preferably

have the general contour disclosed in prior

United States Letters Patent No. 1,745,588, dated

_ February 4, 1930, and granted to James Manu-

‘’ facturing Company, assignee of the invention

herein claimed, except that for the purpose of

housing live stock, the arched portion of the

structure will preferably be supported by ver-

tical walls 20 (Figures 2, 3 and 6) such as con-

‘2 crete walls which extend upwardly f1:m the

38.

floor level 21 to & sufficient distance to provide

the desired head room. The urrangement of

the stalls is not material to the present inven-

tion, and the stall frames, mangers, etc., may be

assumed to be of any ordinary construction. In 80

Figure 2 I have illustrated a central passage-

way 22 flanked by rows of stalls 23 and mar-

ginal passageways 25 with interposed gutters

26 im accordance with ordinary practice in

stables having two rows of stalls and a central 85

feed passage. In the construction shown in Fig-

ure 2 this feed passage is aligned with a cor-

ridor C through which food for the animals

may be conveyed from the associated storage

chamb.r A, thus making it possible to employ 90

ordinary carriers in so conveying the food sup-

plies to the animals. End chambers 27 may

be provided for the respective stables, and these

charabers may be used for the storage of grain,

meal, or other food supplies incapable of main- 95

taining combustion unless such combustion is

otherwise supported. In Figure 11 a stable with

a double row of stalls is illustrated.

The side and roof portions of the stable units

and all other units having similar exterior con- 100

tours may be formed of upwardly and inwardly

arched sections, the lower margins of which

rest upon the foundation and the upper margins

of which connect with tangentially extending

roof sections and a ridge section which connects 105

the roof sections at the respective sides of the

ridge (Figures 4 and 5). The arched side sec-

tions may each be formed with outer walls 28

and inner walls 29, each preferably metallic .

and connected by arched frame members 30 110

preferably of the channel bar type. At their

lower ends these frame members are secured to

anchor bolts in the foundation 20 by angle clips

31, the horizontal portions engaging the anchor

bolts 32 and the vertical portions being welded, 116

riveted, or bolted to the central web of the chan-

nel bar 30 at one side, whereas the opposing

channel bar of the adjacent section will pref-

erably be provided with a notch 33 (Pigure 6)

in which the vertical flange of the angle clip 120

is adapted to be received. The space between

the inner and outer walls is filled with an in-

combustible heat insulating material 34 prefer-

ably composed of spongoid gypsum, or porous

Slag-like material capable of being at least Ppar- 125

tially self-supporting and containing a multi-

tude of air pockets, whereby maximum heat in-

Sulation may be obtained with minimum addi-

tion to the weight of the section.

The upper ends of these arched sections at the 130

respective sides of the unit may be provided

with an end piece 35 which is adapted to be

received between the upper and lower flanges of

an I-beam 36 supported by posts 37. The upper

surface of this beam is in substantial registry 135

with or slightly inset from the upper end of

the outer wall 28 of the arched section, where-

by the outer wall of the next section may lap

over the beam and the upper end of the wall 28.

Connecting flanges 38 at the upper ends of the 146

arched sections may be bolted to the central web

of the I-beam.

At its opposite side the I-beam receives the

end margin of a horizontally extending ceiling

section which will now be described. 145

The ceiling sections may be composed of chan-

nel bar end pieces 40 connected by upper and

lower metallic walls 28a and 294 respectively,

and provided with non-heat conducting filling

34a. These channel bars are similar to the side 150

1,081,417

bars 30 und adapied to be bolted together as in-

dicated at Pigure 7, whercupon they may be con-

nected with each other by mwtal battening strips

41—42, bolted or riveted to flanges of the chan-

nel bars. Similar batteniny strips are employed

to connect the laterally adjacent arch sections.

The outer battening strip 42, when exposed to

the weather is preferably of a generally chan-

nei-shaped form adapted to receive a suitable

packing 43 of bituminous material having a high

melting point, adapted to provide an air-tight

connecting point for the sections. The side of

ceiling sections not formed by channel bars 40

are adapted to rest on the outwardly extending

flanges of T-shaped frame members 30a with

the lower surface 29a of ceiling section flush

with the lower face of the flanges of frame mem-

30a.

f sections extend tangeritially from the

upper ends of the arched sections. These roof

sections may comprise rafters 45 and a sheet

metal roof covering 46. The lower ends of the

rafters are supported by the I-beams 36.

The number of sections employed for each

transversely extending set composing the roof

and the ceiling will depend upon the width of the

unit. Frame picces 30a and 45 will preferably be

one piece and of respective lengths for each

variable width. Suitable braces 51 are employed

to support the ceiling sections from the roof

section. Braces 52 serve the additional purpose

of securing the roof members 45 together at the

ridge 50 by extending over and fastening to

ends of members from both sides.

The outer covering of each roof section may be

lapped over the upper margin of the outer cov-

ering of the next sectior, below it, including the

arched section, as shingles or meta! roofing are

lapped in an ordinary manner. Similarly. the

outer covering of any arch settion in registry

with one of the corridor units or with a pen unit

may be lapped over the outer covering of the

corridor or pen unit, as indicated at 54 in Fig-

ure 3, this lapping of the outer covering of one

arch unit upon another one at right angles

thereto being extended downwardly along each

side, as indicated by the dotted line in said Fic-

ure 3.

The corridor units may be wholly formed of

side arch sections and ridge sections, since these

sections will furnish corridors of sufficient width.

The width of the corridur units may be varied

however, from that described in the preceding

sentence by varying the number of roof scc-

tions employed to connect each side arch sec-

tion with the ridge section, the number of ceil-

ing sections being varied accordingly.

The ends of units D and F of Figure 1 are

made to join the curved side walls of units B

(see Pigure 1), the details of which are shown in

Figure 3. The end walls of units B have ver-

tical sections such as is shown at the ends of

B and E ‘Pigure 1!. Whete a corridor unit is

80 connected the associat’d arch section of the

unit to which it is attached wiil be cut away,

as indicated in FPigure 3. to form a doorway or

opening 54’ between the supporting channel bar

arches, but if doors are «desired. partitions 55

will be erected (preferably in the corridor) these

partitions being provided with framed doorways

and doors 56. Where vertical end walls are used,

doorways and doors of ordinary type may be

provided, as indicated at 57 in Figure 1.

It will be noted that special! corridor and pen

unit sections 58 and 59, respectively, are pro-

39.

vided to connect the corridors and pens with

arched walls of other units.

The buildings E shown in Pigures 2 and 22 are

adapted for use by cows with calves, the parti-

tions 6, 7, and the others shown allow for the 80

housing of both cows and calves.

Milk room

To promote sanitation, and also to enable the

necessary equipment employed in milking to be 88

kept outside of the stables, I preferably provide

a milk room unit E (Pigure 2), the outer walls

of which may be composed of the standardized

cections above described. As shown in Figure

1, this milking room E is connected with the 90

two stable units B and B' by corridors F. Each

of these corridors has a longitudinal partition

60 (Figure 2), and at the ends which connect

with the milking room, gates 61 and 62 are

hinged in pairs to the end post of the parti- 95

tion, and so arranged with reference to milking

room partition members as to control the move-

ments of the animals to and from the room and

alternately from the respective stables.

Use of such a room in the combination here- 100

in claimed enables me to remove milking oper-

ations and the milking equipment from the

Stables to a room that is wholly free from even

the daily food supplies or any combustible ma-

terial whatever, whereby electric lighting and 105

operating equ.pment may be freely used with no

danger that even the daily rations of the ani-

mals may become ignited by short circuits, or

friction of mechanically moving parts.

The buildings D shown in Figures 23 and 110

24, illustrate enlarged stalls which may be used

as pens for bulls or calves.

Feed storage

F.res in animal shelters usually originate from 115

ignit.on of combustible fodder, such as hay,

straw, and other dried vegetables. Ignition of

such materials may occur spontaneously inas-

much as such materials necessarily contain con-

ciderable moisture when stored, and large masses 120

thcreof will almost invariably become heated

nearly to the ign.tion point while curing in the |

mow. Also, such material is very readily ig-

nited by lightning or by a spark from an ap-

parently extinguished match or from a lighted 125

cigar. It has been heretofore assume? that a

very large animal loss of such farm | iildings

through fire is unavoidable, and this less has

become so frequent and heavy that fire insur-

ance ccmpan.es dislike to accept such risks. 130

The fire hazards have not heretofore been

successfully eliminated by storing hay in stacks

or in separate buildings for the reason that such

stacks or separate buildings are necessarily lo-

cated in such proximity to the stables as to not 135

only allow fire to be communicated to combus-

tible stable structures or animal housings. but

the ordinary hay stack or hay barn burns w.th

such rapidity and develops such intense heat

As to injure or destroy animals ir nearby hous- 140

ings, even though the housings are constructed

of fire proof materials.

But I have discovered that it is possible to

combine under one roof a silo structure and a

hay or dry fodder storage chamber which en- 145

c.rcles the silo. and by making this silo and the

encircling chamber columnar in form, and pref-

erably cylindrical, it is possible to provide stor-

age for hay or other dry fodder in sufficient

quantities to satisfy the requirements for all the 150

1,081,417 5

animals in an associated stable at less expense toa minimum, and that such a concentric cham-

and with less wall and roof areas than is re- ber will require a radius of only about five to

quired for ordinary barns huving basement five and one half feet between its inner and out-

stables and superposed hay mows. By forming er foruminous walls to provide storage for a

5 the walls of the silo and the encircling storage complete supply of dry fodder to the animals 80

chamber of metal or other fireproof material for a period equal in duration to that during

such structures may be located in close prox- which they can be Supplied with silage from the

imity to a stable which is ulso formed of fire- silo. The proportionate width of the annular

proof mater.al without danger of injury to the storage chamber for the dry fodder may, of

10 animals if the dry fodder should become ig- course, be varied to some extent in accordance 85

nited, since the latter will burn from the top with calculated requirements for properly pro-

downwardly, and initially the fire will be in the portioning the ration of dry fodder to silage, but

form of a torch at the top of the columnar the prvuportions above given are based upon

structure, after which accumulations of ash will standard rationing practice

1S smother the fire sufficiently to prevent exces- :

sive heating of the adjacent stable or stables. Ensilage jreezing prevented

In its preferred form my storage unit com- It thus becomes

prises an annular hay storage chamber 70 ‘(Fig- fodder to protest ea ee | =

ures 12 and 14) which encircles a silo 71 having height of the dry fodder column maintaining the

20 a wall 72 which may be formed of any suitable same proportionate level with reference to the 95

non-combustible matcrial, but preferably the silage throughout the feeding period

walls of both chambers are formed in sections It will be observed that the silo chamber 71

as hereinafter described. The silo has a ver- extends below the level of the chamber 70. As-

tical chute 73 along one side, th.s chute being suming that the capacities of the two chambers

25 located within the annular chamber 70 and pro- are proportioned in accordance with feeding re- 100

vided with removable wall sections 74 affording quirements as to anv Riven cross sectional por-

access from the silo chute at different levels. tion, it will be obvious that the contents of the

Similar removable wall sections 75 permit access silo chamber may be kept continuously below

from the hay storare chamber to the chute 73, the level of the contents in the storage chamber

30 and at one side of the chute there are rungs 70. Therefore, the hay will more effectively pro- 105

70 which serve as a ladder. tect the silage from freezing.

The bottom of this chute (P.igure 14) con- My invention comprehends a construction of

nects with a passage 77 leading outwardly across an animal structure embodying means for stor-

the storage chamber 70 and communicating with ing combustible foods without danger to the

35 one of the corridors C leading to an associated animals contained therein, and without danger :19

stable. of a destruction of the entire building if such —

Ventilation of the hay combustibie material should become ignited. I

am the first to devise means for utilizing dry

- The silo wall 72 is encircled by a foraminous Combustible material to protect silage from de-

wall 78 which is spaced from the silo wall to Struction by either fire or frost. 115

form an annular vertically extending ventilating tning

passage 79 on the outer side of the wall 72. The Protection from ligh

cuter wall 80 of the hay storage chamber 70 In my improved structure the outer metallic

ar may be formed of metal, tile, or other incom- Walls spaced from the hay storage chamber by

~ bustible material and it will ordinarily be made @Mnular ventilated passages form an excellent 199

circular in form in correspondence with the pre- ¢lectrical conductor which, owing to the large

ferred cylindrical form of the silo wall 72, Cross section of metal, will carry almost any

Spaced inwardly from this outer wall 80 there is ©!ectrical discharge from storm clouds without

another foraminous cylindrical wall 81 which anger to the contents of the chamber even

provides an annular ven':!ating passage 82 for though no lightning rods may be provided. 128

the outer side of the column of hay stored in By the use of metal containers for the hay I

the chamber 70. am enabled to provide an excellent conductor for

By providing a ventilation space on both the electricity, the mass of the metal being sufficient

outside, the inside and the top of the hay mass; for that purpose. In conjunction with this me-

ond by providing the distance between such ven- tallic container I employ the ventilation system 130

t:lation spaces no ereater than that which will On both sides and the top of the hay mass so as

permit the free circulation of gases throughout ‘0 Carry away any gases which might be ignited

the hay mass and their evacuation, I am en- by static electricity.

an Abdled to continuously remove the gases and con- By the provision of metal containers I also

~~ {trol the temperature in the hay mass. This ac- provide greatly increased heat radiating surfaces “38

t:on is improved by the use of chopped hay be- Which serve to convey the heat away from the ~

cause I then deal with a product of uniform size hay as generated in it, which heat is further

and substantially uniform density when stored. dissipated by the air flow over the metal con-

on By employing a fecd cutter for cutting hay and tainers.

cther dry fodder into short lengths it can be de- _I. therefore, have the cooperative relationship -

i:vered into the annular chamber by the same between the metal, the dissipation of heat and -

means employed for delivery of silage into the the ventilation of the hay in accomplishing the

silo, and I have discovered that for a stable object of preserving the hay against fire and

., housing fifty cattle and having an associated silo explosion.

‘© fourteen feet in diameter and a height sufficient -

to furnish silage to such cattle during an ordi- Continuous ventilation —

nary winter season in quantities to satisfy mod- I have also discovered that owing to the rela-

ern dairy requirements, an annular storage tively smal! radial dimensions of the dry fodder

- chamber for dry fodder may be so formed about or hay storage chamber, heating of the fodder

the silo as to reduce the expense of storing hay during the curing period may be reduced suffl- )4¢

40.

6 1,981,417

ciently to eliminate the danger of spontaneous

combustion and of the development of mold, by

allowing the vapors and any generated heat

units to be promptly carried away through the

annular ventilating passages 79 and 82. Ailir,

vapor, or other gases are required to travel a

horizontal distance of only about two and one

half feet from the center of the mass in order

to reach either the inner or the outer ventilat-

ing passage. It will be understood that the di-

mensions indicated here are purely by way of

illustration. The exact proportions depend upon

the type of material being stored, the amount

being stored and the gencral! conditions of mois-

ture and the like under which it ts desired to

store it. The principle to be followed is to

never have the hay mass of greater size and

thickness than can be conveniently, continu-

ously and thorouchly ventilated throughout the

entire mass so that there can be no rise in tem-

perature to a dangerous point or an accumula-

tion of combustible gases which may become ig-

nited by electricity or otherwise.

While the silo wall and the outer wall of the

fodder storing unit may be formed of any fire-

proof material, I prefer to form these walls of

sheet metal and to construct them from factory

made sections of standardized dimensions which

can be readily assembled at the place of instal-

lation. Each section is arcuately curved in cor-

respondence with the predetermined curvature

of the wall in which the section is to be assem-

bled, and eac’: section is otherwise of a gener-

ally rectangular form. For example, the outer

wall sections have a central web 80a flanked

on three of its margins with a horizontal flange

80b and vertical flanges 80c, the terms “ hori-

zontal” and “vertical” having reference to the

position of these flanges when assembled with

other sections to form said wall. Along the re-

maining side of the web 80a there is a reversely

folded flange composed of members 80d and 80e

which are substantially parallel with each other

with sufficient space between them to receive

the flange 80D of an adjacent section, as best

indicated in Figure 16.

The foraminous walls 78 and 81 are provided

with webs 8la, 8iz and 8ly and may be simi-

‘Jarly flanged, and these walls may be supported

from the silo wall 72 and the outer wall 80 of

the unit by spacing plates 96 which are bolted,

riveted, or welded to certain of the horizontally

extending flanges 80d of the outer wall or cor-

responding flances of the silo wall and the simi-

lar flanges such as 81d of their associated

foraminous walls, as also indicated in Figure

16. The sections in each annular series will

have their respective flanges 80c and 8lc butted

and secured together by a channel-shaped bar

90 which is adapted to bind the flanges of adja-

cent sections together and to be secured thereto

by bolts or equivalent fastening means or by

spot welding. if desired.

The respective sections will be preferably so

assembled that their flanges will extend into

the respective ventilating passaceways 79 and

82, whereby the outer surface of the exterior

wall and the inner surface of the silo wall may

be kept comparatively smooth.

A conical roof having meta) rafters 100 and a

sheet metal covering 101, formed in racially

extending tapering sections, may be employed

to cover both the silo and the dry fodder stor-

age chamber 70. The sections which compose

75 the roof covering will preferably have side inar-

41.

gins provided with V-shaped rib flanges adapted

to be lapped over or within the corresponding

V-shaped flanges of the other sections in each

annual series, whereas each of the upper sec-

tions is lapped over the upper margin of the

sections in the next lower series as in ordinary

roofing.

The rafters 100 may be connected with the up-

per margin of the top sections of the outer wall

by flanged coupling members 105 ‘Figure 19) and

L-shaped brackets 106, the vertically extending

members of which may be bolted directly to the

rafter in each case and the horizontal members

may be connected by bolts 107 or equivalent

means to the horizontal flanges of the coupling

members 105 and the associated flanges of the

top wall sections. Each rafter may comprise a

single beam of any suitable cross section, it be-

ing immaterial to the invention herein claimed

whether angle iron beams. or beams of any other

cross section are employed. Their upper ends

are supported in the channel formed at the low-

er margin of the cylindrical cupola wall 111.

The flange 110 is conically inclined downwardly

and outwardly, and the base ring 109 has a par-

allel fange 112 between which and the flange 110

the upper end of the rafter is received.

The cupola may be an ordinary ventilating

cupola except that it is provided with an axial-

ly disposed vertically extending filling chute sec-

tion 115, the lower end of which is connected

with extension members 116, 117, 118, which ex-

tend downwardly and outwardly substantially

parallel to the roof. An elbowed outlet membcr

119 may be conncected to the lower end of the

section 118. or to either of the other two sec-

tions 116 or 117. Therefore, the three sections

may be cmploy*d to deliver material into the

outer portion of the chamber 70, whereas the

two sections 116 and 117 may be employed with-

out the section 118 when the material is to be

delivered into said chamber adjacent the silo

wall.

The vertical section 115 is provided with a

sieeve 124 which supports a spur gear wheel

125 which may be driven from a motor 126 by

means of a pinion 127 secured to the motor

shaft. The motor is employed to rotate the

section 115 to carry the outicet member 119 in a

circular path, whereby silage may be distrib-

uted annularly in the silo or cut hay s‘milarly

distributed im the annular chamber 70. The

upper end of the section 115 has swivelled joint

connection at 128 with a tube 129 which ex-

tends to the feed cutter or an associated blower

for fillng the storace chambcrs.

The foraminous walls 78 and 81 will prefer-

ably have the wes of their sections formed of

sheet metal which is slitted at intervals, and

the material between adjacent slits pressed into

the form of a projecting louver 130 (Figures 16

and 17). These louvers may be separated by

obliquely extending unslitted bands 131, as

shown in Figure 16. If desired, however, par-

allel louvers 132 may be formed betweer, ver-

tically extending bands 133, as shown in PFig-

ure 17. But any other form of foraminous wall

may be substituted. since these walls may, if de-

sired, be composed of woven wire as indicated

at 134 in Figure 18. The foraminous wall struc-

ture shown in Figures 16 and 17 are preferred

for the reason that the unslitted bands 131 or

133 reinforce the structure.

The woven wire sections may be provided with

angle iron frames which will afford adequate

™

1%)

170

12°

14C

145

15¢

1,081,417 7

strength, but these walls offer a greater obstruc-

tion to the passage of air and also allow small

particles to pass from the chamber 70 into the

ventilating passages, thereby necessitating a

more frequent cleaning out of such passages.

To facilitate cleaning the ventilating passages

of dust, fragments of leaves, and stems which

may enter these passages from the hay storage

chamber 70 I provide radially extending clean-

out passages 135 in or underneath the floor of

the storage chamber 70 and leading outwardly

from the annular ventilating passage 79 to the

exterior whereby suitable hwvoded coverings 1235

will preferably be employed to protect the ont-

let of each clean-out passave 135. The lower

sections of the outer wal! of the chamber 70

will preferably be provided at intervals with

clean-out openings protected by similar hoods

137. The outlet end of the passage 135 and the

clean-out openings in the lower portion of the

ventilating passage 82 will preferably be pro-

vided with suitable gratings 139.

Filling the food containers

When the chute is being eniploved for filling

the silo both sections 117 and 118 may be re-

moved and the outer member 119 coupled di-

rectly to the section 116. These sections are

supported from an annular track 120 by means

of a trolley 121 and hanger 122. The track is

supported from the rafters by hangers 123.

To facilitate observation and manual manip-

ulation of the rotatable end portions of the fill-

ing spout I provide a swinging platform 140

which has a sleeve 141 at one corner throurh

which a post 142 extends. This post projrcts

upwardly above the level of the platforr: and

forms part of a trussed guarding frame in as-

sociation with other vertical corner posts 144

and 145, top rails 146 and 147, and stay rods

148. The inner end of this platform may be

swung upon the supportine post 142 to vari-

ous positions over the silo, or even over the hay

storage space if desired, whereby a person

standing on the platform can reach the swing-

ing filling chute or ascend to the cupola upon

runes 149 which connect the posts 145.

It will be observed that when the mass of

chopped hay is blown throuvh the pipe 129

thence downwardly throuch the pipe sections

116, 117 and 118 and out the spout 119, these

sections act like a nozzle and, under the influ-

ence of the force of the hay beine blown, the

entire pipe will rotate about its support In the

ventilator 111 with no other power to impart

to it a rotary movement than that supplied by

the blower supplying the chopped hay. This

blower is not illustrated as it may be of any

conventional character customarily used in con-

nection with such mechanism on farms.

Process

One of the serious losses tn the operation of

a farm its the loss of hay which is spoiled by the

weather. Such spoilace e:ther results from be-

ing unable to cut the hay when it should be

cut, because it is wet and cannot be cured when

wet as heretofore known in the art. or because

of the wetting of the hay «after it has been cut

while it is still In the fleld being cures This

is particularly true of some types of hay, such

as alfalfa, which has to be cured with great

care. While it is highly desirable to feed hay

that is preserved in green or semi-green con-

dition, this has heretofore been impossible dur-

42.

ing the winter months because the hay has to

be cured and dried prior to storage. The ad-

vantages of green hay feed are similar to the

advantages of feeding green corn in the form of

ensilage. 80

According to my process, I cut the hay, even

though it may have a moisture content due to

inclement weather conditions, which would

otherwise make the cutting or storing of it un-

desirable. This hay is chopped in an ordinary 85

cutter and delivered in chopped condition into

a tall, relatively narrow column, the sides of

which are supported by any type of member per-

mitting the free circulation of air to the center

of the column and out through the column of 9

hay.

The thickness of the column is never greater

than that which would permit of this free cir-

culation of air throughout the walls of the col-

umn and the body of the hay out of the top of 95

the column. By making the column of annular

cross section, it is possible to ventilate the in-

side and outside walls surrounding the hay col-

umn, and it is possible also to make the column

of such thickness to permit continuous circula- 100

tion of air through the hay mass.

Such circulation maintains the hay free from

mould or spoilage; and permits of the rapid

evacuation of combustible gases which might be

fired by either static clectricity or from the elec- 105

trical system of the pliant. Either natural ven-

tilation thus achieved may be employed or sup-

plemented by mechanical ventilation. This re-

sults in the chopped hay beine maintained in a

fre h, semi-green condition with all the value of 110

rreen feed, of particular advantage to all stock

in winter.

The hay is maintained tn fresh condition due

to the continued circulation of air, which is sup-

plemented by the natural moisture content of 115

the air present in the air particularly during

winter time.

By the utilization of metal as the supporting

walls for the hay container, I provide a satis-

factory conductor of electricity to convey away 120

any static clectricity due to storms and the like

to prevent the accumulation of any residue

combustible ases, if any should happen to exist.

I do not exclude the use of wood or of ceramic

materials hut when mrtal !s used, I find that it 125

has this additional advantage.

The next coordinate step in my process is the

placing of a water-tight, preferably of sectional

metal, ensilage tank or container on the inside

of the hay containing cylinder which acts as a 130

support for the inner wall of the hay containing

cylinder and forms with that wall an impervi-

ous spaced wall throuch which air will be caused

to circulate as described.

In the same manner an outside impervious 138

wall is placed around in spaced relationship to

the outside foraminous wall of the hay contain-

im: evlinder. This ensures the circulation of

the air. Vent openings at the bottom of the out.

side wall and inside wall may be provided as

‘ndieated in Figure 15 to keep the entire cir-

enulatory system for the evacuation of gases from

the hay.

Returning to the silo, I so proportion the 145

sive of the silo and the hay chamber that the

hay chamber acts as an [nsulation for the en-

silage, as these proportions ensure the reduc.

ticn of hay and ensilaze in about the same

amount throtighout the consuming season. 160

8 1,981,417

As the ensilage contains chopped green corn

which has a certain amount of liquid in it, the

wall of the ensilage chamber is liquid proof.

A common entrance passageway is provided

5 from the feeding stables through these storage

chambers, portions of the walls of the storage

chamber forming portions of the walls of the

entrance passageway. Such portions of the

walls are removable to facilitate the removal of

10 the hay and ensilage throughout the season. It

will be noted that the walls of this entrance

passageway are fireproof, being compused of

metal and fireproof insulation so that in case of

any fire, there could be no transmission of the

18 fire from the storage chamber to the feeding

stables.

This passageway extends as a tunnel! through

& portion of the hay cylinder up to the side wall

of the ensilage chamber with a vertically dis-

20 posed tunnel passageway leading upwardly to

the hay and ensilage chambers.

As a part of the practice of this process, the

green feed is removed from this passageway only

in such amounts as may be necessary for the

25 consumption of the animals at any one ferdin::

to prevent the accumulation of any feed. so

as to eliminate the fire hazard. The animals

are fed according to my circulatory system in

the feeding stables, to which feed is circulated

30 to them from the storaze chambers. The ani-

mals then circulate directly or through com-

municating passageways of fireproof character

to a milking station E in progressive lots.

A common milking station may be the center

38 throurh circulatory passaeeways F for the in-

gress and egress of batches of animals from

the feeding shelters B, each of which fecding

shelters is supplied from its own remotely con-

nected storage chamber unit A connected to

40 the feeding chamber by the fireproof passare-

way C. In this manner the several functions of

the several buildings, according to my system

of feeding are segregated.

They are independently lighted by netural

45 light and ventilated. Their ventilation systems

are entirely separate from those of the feed

storage chambers. There are no storage cham-

bers in any part of the animal ferding and

milking chambers. Separate means of ingress

and egress are provided from each unit.

The units themselves are so combined that

they may form protecting exercising yards in

inclement weather.

88 By making the buildings of pre-fabricated, sec-

tional material, they are capable of being ex-

tended to varying lengths and in varied widths

due to the number of group sections interposed

between the side walls thereof.

60 It will be understood that I desire to com-

prehend within my invention such modifications

as may be clearly embraced within the scope

of my claims and invention.

It will be also understood that claims to the

@g specific features of the animal buildings, together

with adequate description and drawings are more

fully set forth in my copending applications

filed May 8, 1933; Serial No. 669,896; filed May

8, 1933, Serial No. 669,897; filed May 8. 1933,

70 Serial No. 669.898 and it will be understood that

the failure to so claim them in this application

it not a dedication or abandonment of the novel

subject matter thereof.

I hereby make a cross-reference to my co-

75 pending application, Ser. No. 639,490, filet Oct.

43.

24, 1932, for Improvements in buildings for ani-

mals and a system of handling and feeding

animals. While some of the figures of the draw-

ings in that application and some of the figures

in the drawings in this present application Ser.

No. 637.027 are the same, other figures in the

drawings of each of these two applications do

show constructions not illustrated in the other:

and nothing claimed in this application Ser.

637,027 is claimed tn said co-pending application

Ser. 639.490.

Having thus fully described my invention,

what I claim as new and desire to secure by Let-

ters Patent, Is:

1. An animal housing and feeding structure

comprising a stable composed of fire proof non-

heat conducting walls in combination with an

offset annular columnar storage chamber for dry

fodder of greater height than the stable and

having means for withdrawal of heat and mois-

ture from the fodder at substantially all levels

along both the inner and outer sides of the col-

‘mn, and means including a fire-proof corridor

catending from said stable through part of said

heat withdrawal means of said storage chomber

to connect said stable with the interior -f said

Storage chamber. whereby the said stable and

chamber constitute separate structures but are

connected to cach other by a separate connecting

corridor whereby any fire hazard in the storage

chamber would be ineffective to injure the stable

or its contents.

2. An animal fer ling and housing structure

comprising the combination of a columnar annu-

lar storage chamber for dry fodder provided with

ventilating means along its inner and outer walls

extending upwardly from the bottom portion and

provided with top outlets, a stable extending lat-

erally from the storage chamber, and a corridor

connection extending into the lower portion of

the storage chamber and laterally to connect the

storage chamber with the stable. said storage

chamber having a chute adapted to permit pro-

gressive feeding of material into the corridor

connection from the top of the column of mate-

rial in the storage chamber, said feeding and

housing structure being made of fire-proof con-

struction whereby any fire hazard in the storage

chamber will be ineffective to injure the stable

or its contents.

3. In a farm structure including a barn for

domestic animals, a communicating connection

to the barn whereby feed may be transferred to

the barn, and a feed storaze container connected ‘.

to the communicating connection, said feed con- -

tainer consisting of an outer chamber, anu inner

chamber and ventilating means in one of said

chambers, said chambers constituting receptacles

—_ aed and ensilage, and having annular side

walls.

4. In a farm structure including a barn for

domestic animals, a corridor connected to the

barn whereby feed may be transferred to the

barn, and a feed storage container connected to

the corridor, said feed container consisting of

an inner chamber and an outer chamber, said

chambers constituting receptacles for hay and

ensilage, said hay receptacle having ventilating

means adapted to admit air to substantially all

portions thereof, and said corridor directly con-

necting said feed container and barn.

5. In a farm structure including a barn for

domestic animals, a substantially closed corridor

connected to the barn whereby feed is trans-

ferred to the barn, and a feed storage container

105

110

115

199

195

125

145

1,081,417 9

consisting of an inner chamber and an outer

chamber, said chambers being coaxial and con-

stituting receptacles for hay and ensilage, and

one of said chambers having ventilating means

adapted to admit air to substantially all portions

thereof, said corridor directly connecting said

feed container and barn. :

6. In a farm structure including a barn, a

corridor connected to the barn whereby feed is

transferred to the barn, and a feed storage con-

tainer connected to the corridor, said feed con-

tainer consisting of an inner chamber and an

outer chamber, one of said chambers constitut-

ing a receptacle fur hay and the other for en-

Silage, said hay receptacle having ventilating ap-

ertures for admitting air to substantially all

44.

parts of the hay contained therein, said corridor

connecting said barn and feed chamber.

7. In a farm structure including a barn, a

corridor connected to the barn whereby feed is

transferred to the barn, and a feed storage con- 80

tainer connected to the corridor, said feed con-

tainer consisting of an inner chamber and an

outer chamber, said chambers constituting re-

ceptacles respectively for ensilage and hay, said

hay receptacle having ventilating means for ad- 85

mitting air to substantially all parts of the hay

contained therein, said ventilating means consti-

tuting slotted walls, said corridor directly con-

necting said barn and feed chamber.

FREDERIC J. KREUTZER.

100

115

120

140

Nov. 20, 1934. F J. KREUTZER 1,981,418

BUILDING

Filed Oct. 25, 1932 6 Sheets-Sheet 1

‘NVENTOR

FREDFRIC J KREVTZER

4/ TORNEVS

45.

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Patented Nov. 20, 1934

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE

1,981,418

BUILDING

Frederic J. Kreutzer, Elmira, N. Y., assignor to

1,981,418

James Manufacturing Company, Fort Atkin-

son, Wis., a corporation of Wisconsin

Application October 25, 1932, Serial No. 639,490

2 Claims.

My invention relates to buildings and, in par-

ticular, to sectional, stanverdized, expansible

buildings adapted to be erected in units to form

enclosures of fireproof character for stock, and

5 enclosures or protecting barriers for stock when

exercising or feeding in the open.

It is a further object of my invention to pro-

vide a structure comprised of several unitary

elements which, by multiplication of such stand-

10 ard unitary elements, can make buildings of

different widths, heights and lengths and differ-

ent combinations of buildings, all in connec-

tion with fireproof feed storage chambers.

It is a further object of my invention to pro-

15 vide a system of feeding from remotely located

fireproof storage feed chambers enough feed

which can be consumed by the stock in the

buildings of this invention so that there will

be no storage of feed and, therefore, no fire

20 hazard in the buildings in which the animals

themselves are located.

In particular, it is an object of my invention

to provide the combination of a metal or other

fireproof storage chamber for hay and, if de-

25 sired, for ensilage, and to provide « common

communicative passageway between said storage

chambers and the stables comprising the build-

ings of my invention.

It is an object of my invention to provide

30 adequate air circulation throuchout the build-

ings and these storage chambers for the proper

ventilation of the hay and of the buildings.

It is my object to provide a building having a

fireproof foundation, such as concrete, accurats

35 side walls having ventilation and light windows,

and intermediate roof construction comprising

@ roof plate and a sloping roof, such roof sec-

tion being supported upon spaced columns which

also support the inside ends of the arcuate side

40 walls.

It is an object to provide a dead air space

filled with insulation in the side walls and a

dead air space in the roof section to thereby in-

sulate against the heat and cold on the outside

45 of the building so they will not affect the in-

terior of the building.

It is an object to provide the sile walls of

sectional metal so that the individual side wall

unit comprises an arcuate strip having exterior

50 independent overlapping metallic strips and an

interior metal skin supported and spaced by ar-

cuate metal ribs.

Referring to the drawings:

Figure 1 is an isometric perspective of a T-

55 shaped barn and feed storage chamber combina-

51.

(Cl. 119—16)

tion partially broken away to show the arrange-

ment of the interior of one of the barns;

Figure 2 is a square combination of buildings;

Figure 3 is a U-shaped combination of build-

ings with a remotely connected lactary or milk- 60

ing station;

Pigure 4 is a plan view in section showing

the arrangement of the units in parallel with

feeding areas in between, with a remotely lo-

cated milking station:

Figure 5 is a section on the line 5—5 of

Figure 3;

Figure 6 is a section on the line 6—6 of

Figure 1;

Pigure 7 is a section on the line 7—7 of 70

Figure 2;

Figure 8 is a plan view in section of the radial

type of building arrangement with a central

milking station and remotely located feed cham-

bers with feeding pastures or exercise lots be- 75

tween the buildings;

Figure 9 is a horizontal sectional view of a

common milking station and a plurality of lon-

gitudinally disposed parallel feeding barns and

feed storage chambers; the details of the feed 80

receptacle F being omitted:

Figure 10 is a section on the line 10~—10 of

Figure 1 showing the construction of the build-

ing;

Figure 11 is a perspective of one section of 85

the building showing it in the process of

assembly;

Figure 12 is a section on the line 12—12 of

Figure 9;

Figure 13 is a section on the line 13—13 of 90

Figure 11;

Figure 14 is a section on the line 14—14 of

Pigure 11;

Figure 15 is a perspective, partially in sec-

joined and permanently mounted on the foun-

dation wall at their abutting bottom and side

edges;

Pigure 16 is an enlarged section through one

of the side walls of the buildings and the com- 100

municating passageway buildings on the Line

16—16 of Figure 2.

It will be understood that this building or-

ganization is comprised of certain fundamental

essential elements which I have found neces- 105

Sary for the practice of housing and feeding

stock, particularly dairy stock, although, of

—— Principles apply to other types of

These elements are: a remotely located venti- 11@

2 1,081,418

lated chamber for the storage of feed, such as

chopped hay, wh.ch may be continuously ven-

tilated for the removal of gases to control the

temperature to prevent spontaneous combustion.

6 Such a chamber is preferably made of metal

so as to be proof against lightning. It ts also

preferably made of segmental! sheets of metal in

order to facilitate its ::anufacture at the factory

and subsequent erection by bolting or welding

10 .on a farm. Associated with this feed container

may be a silo of any desired material and both

of these containers are arranged to discharge

into a common communication passageway Or

building to the unitary stable which is of suffi-

18 cient s.ze to accommodate stock that will be fed

from these feed containers.

It is the principle of my system of feeding to

never store any feed in the stable where it may

become ignited either by spontancous combus-

20 tion, by a lantern, a carelessly thrown match,

and the like.

The third element is the provision of a stock

buiding having no loft for hay storage, which

thereby eliminates all danger of fire and con-

25 fines the building to the one purpose of housing

the stock in the best possible manner. Such

a building is comprised of unitary sections

which can be fabricated at a factory and assem-

bled on the farm with ordinary labor. It ts

$0 fireproof, being made preferably of metal, with

a concrete or similar type floor, has no parti-

tions and can be cross ventilated as well as

longitudinally ventilated in order to insure

proper ventilation to the stock and adequate

35 cleanliness.

tt is so arranged that the windows can direct

sunlight on to the stock. It ts insulated against

the feed lots and exercise lots.

Referring to the drawings tn detail, A desig-

nates an entrance building which is preferably

composed of the arcuate side wall sections here-

7. itmafter described. Such a building of the A type

52.

is used for communication purposes. B, B', B?

and B indicates a building used as a milking

station, C a communication building, D feeding

stables, E communication passageways to the

feed storage chambers F. 80

Referring particularly to the detail construc-

tion of the buildings, as shown in Figures 10,

11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16, 1 designates the foun-

dation which has side walls 2 on which are

mounted the arcuate side wall sections shown in 85

Figure 11. These side wall sections comprise

a pair of arcuate rib plates 3 having bottom

end flanges 4 and top end flanges 5. These rib

plates 3 are preferably U-shaped in section as

shown in Figure 15. The lower attaching plates 90

4 may be bolted by bolts 6 embedded in the side

walls 2. The adjacent side wall sections may

be recessed at 7 for the reception of the bottom

plate 4.

These side plates 3 support interiorly a cor- 95

rugated metal sheet 8 and overlapping exterior

transversely disposed metal sheets 9. Between

these sheets is placed any insulation material

designated 10 to insulate from the heat and cold.

The joint between adjacent sections is covered 100

by an exterior strip 9a bolted by bolts 9b to the

flanges of the U-shaped members 3. Beneath

this strip 9a is a waterproof composition 9c.

On the interior of this joint is a plate 8a over-

lapping the sheets 8 and connecting them to the 1065

flanges 8b of the U-shaped members 3 by bolts

8c. When desired, a window frame 11 may be

placed in the side wall to carry a sash 12 having

glass 13.

It will be noted that this window being ar- 110

ranged at an angle to a vertical plane is so dis-

posed as to direct the sunlight on to the animals

standing in the general area designated 14. It

also provides light for adequate cleaning of the

foundation 1 as at 15. 114

The upper ends of these arcuate side wall sec-

tions are attached by the plates 5 to bolts 6a

into the recesses 16 of the longitudinally dis-

posed I-beam girders 17 which are supported

on spaced vertical posts 18 carried on the foun- 120

dation 1. The upper ends of the side wall

sections, therefore, are nested in the U-shaped

recesses 16.

The other of these U-shaped recesses formed

by the I-beam 17 receives the abutting end 19 125

of the ceiling plates 20 which are carried be-

tween the truss members which support the

ceiling plates 20 and the roof members 21.

These truss members are comprised of a hori-

zontally disposed angle iron or I-beam 22 having 130

diagonally disposed truss members 23 intercon-

necting and supporting I-beam roof members

24. Mounted on these truss members are angu-

lar end plates 25 for attachment of this roof

unit to the girders 17. The ceiling plates 20 135

1,981,418 3

Feed chambers

The feed storage chamber is so arranged that

the silo 26 and the ventilated hay storage cham-

ber 27 formed by the foraminous false walls 28

within the exterior wall 29 discharge through a

common chute 30. They are housed by a com-

mon roof 31. This chute communicates with a

horizontally disposed communication passage-

19 Way 32 leading into one of the communication

buildings E.

This passageway 32 also has side doors 33 for

entering the hay chamber 27. Thus. the adja-

cent barn D may be ventilated by the passage

15 of air through the communicating building E,

passageway 32. chute 30, out through the pas-

sageway 27 to the space beneath the roof 31

which is provided with a suitable ventilator or

the air may pass out beneath the eaves 34 as

the roof 31 is suspended above the wall 29 by

the bracket plates 35. if so desired. The numer-

al 36 in Pigs. 3. 4, and 5 designates doors.

In Pigures 2 and 12 may be found a platform

diagrammatically illustrated with railings ex-

tending above part 26.

It will be seen that, by the use of such buiid-

ings. it is possible to vary the width and the

height of the buildings, as well as the length.

The height of the building is determined by

30 the height of the foundation side walls 2 and

the posts 18. The building may have one ot

more roof sections, or none at all.

It will be further observed that the load on

the roof section is taken on the posts 18 but

35 @ny lateral thrust is also transm.tted through

the side wall sections and thence to the founda-

tion walls 2. Any load on the side wall sec-

tions is taken on the foundation side walls 2

and against the girders 17 and the intervening

roof section. Thus. a very light, strong and in-

sulated building is provided of indefinite exten-

sion but which can be manufactured from a few

standard parts that can be easily erected by

ordinary labor on the furm. When so erected.

4¢ the building is not only fireproof but is light-

ning proof due to the mass of metal. There is

no possibility of spontaneous combusition in the

buildings devoted to the housing of the stock

because there is no combustibic material stored

sc therein and the disastrous hazard of fire which

destroys breeding stock that has taken years to

develop is eliminated.

It will be understood that such stock is the

product of many years of breeding and no money

sf payment by way of insurance can replace the

destruction of such animals. Therefore, it be-

comes a matter of vital importance to climinate

any chance of destruction by fire or lightning

of animals that are irreplaceable. It is also

necessary to have adequate sunlight and venti-

lation. It is likewise essential to remove the

milking operation from any possiMe contamina-

tion and to provide buildings the* will permit of

the ready movement and circulation of the stock

into and out of the buildings and to and from

the milking station.

It will be observed that the stock can pass

along the floor at 15 for this purpose, the feed

can be delivered to the stock along the floor

‘¢ at 15a 30 as not to impede the movement of the

stock. Adequate stalls or stanchions are con-

nected at 15b and the feeding trough at 15c.

The animal can stand upon the wooden or other

floor 15d. The columns 18 can be located be-

7+ tween the cows so as not to interfere witl: other

53.

standing room. Consequently, the space within

this building is substantially without any ob-

struction. All the animals can be observed from

any point in the building. The carrying of feed

along the passageway 15a may be readily ef- 80

fected by hand, by carts, vehicles on rails or by

overhead carriers suspended irom the trusses.

The load of such carriers is taken on the col-

umns 18 without imposing that load upon the

side walls. 85

It is further observed that each one of these

sections can be made of such size and weight

as to be easily handled in erection. Further-

more, the building is one that can be completely

salvaged in the event of it being torn down. 90

Purthermore, it is capable of expansion so that

as the herd grows. it is possible for the owner

to continuecto attach additional standard sec-

tions to take care of his needs as they develop.

The foundation may be extended or restricted 95

to suit the superstructure. The present inven-

tion relates to the superstructure and not to

the foundation, which may be varied in extent

to correspond to the superstructure.

Building arrangement

One of the primary purposes of this inven-

tion is to provide such a standard system that

various forms of unitary buildings may be em-

ployed. 105

For instance, F.gures 1 and 6, which represent

a typical arrangement of a fifty-cow barn, show

an entrance building or milking station, as de-

sired, a building for box stalls as at G or GQ’,

a stable as at D, a feed storage chamber F and 110

communication buildings E. all of meta! and of

similar interchangeable sections. The building

G is adapted for the use of cows with calves,

and the like.

In Figures 2 and 7, the stables D are arranged 115

in spaced parallel) relation with intercommuni-

cating buildings E connecting into a milking

building B*. The rear ends of these stables are

interconnected by a box stall stable G? while the

ends of the buildings D are provided with com- 120

munication buildings E connected to the feed

storage chambers F which contain sufficient hay

and ensilage for supplying the cows in each of

the buildings D. to which they are connected.

In Pigures 1, 2 and 12, there are disclosed 126

pipes which are adapted to convey chopped hay

under pressure to the interior of the hay con-

tainers.

It will be noted that the cows in one stable

can reach the milking station building without 130

going through the other stable D.

By this arrangement the cows can be led

through the doors 36 into the exercise lot 37

where they may have the sunlight and the air

and be protected from the winds. The buildings 138

form the enclosure, and. therefore, no fences are

necessary.

In the forms shown in Figures 3 and 5 it is

possible to feed from either of the feed storage

chambers F to both stables D but still possible 140

to move the cows to and from the milking sta-

tion B without coing through the other stable

and disturbing the fecding or the handling of

the cows in that stable. By projecting the uni-

tary buildings G to form a U-shaped enclosure “45

with the stables D a partially protected enclo-

sure for the stock when exercising is provided.

In the form shown in Figure 4, more complete

enclosures are provided by arranging another

unit of feed chambers and stables connected by °5¢

4 1,961,418

by which the buildings are radially disposed in

& units connected into a central milking station

B’. Between these radially disposed buildings

are feed lots or exercising pastures 39 while

around the entire series of buildings is an an-

nular roadway 40 which joins a roadway 41.

10 =Pigure 9 shows a similar milking station with

@ plurality of stables D arranged in parallelism

with their associated supply stations for feed

in the chambers PF.

It will be understood that I desire to compre-

16 hend within my invention such modifications as

may be necessary to adapt it to varying condi-

tions and uses.

I hereby make a cross reference to my co-

pending application Ser. 637,027, filed Oct. 10,

and dispensing feed. While some of the figures

of the drawings in that application and some

of the figures of the drawings in this present

application Ser. 639,490, are the same, other

26 figures in the drawings of each of these two

applications do show constructions not illus-

trated in the other; and nothing claimed in th!=

application Ser. No. 639,490 is claimed in said

co-pending application Ser. 637,027.

30 I make further cross reference to my co-pend-

ing application Ser. 669,898, filed May 8, 1933,

which application ts a divisional application of

co-pending application Serial No. 637,027, above

referred to. Application Serial No. 669,898 de-

35 scribes and claims a food container such as is

each

ber and moved to and from

ing without disturbing the

barn, said milking building comprising an oc

tagonal building having annularly disposed milk-

ing stanchions arranged

therein.

2. In a system of buildings, a mlurality of metal 95

buildings including at least o.: barn, certain

FREDERIC J. KREUTZER. 110

125

135

140

145

June 1, 1937. H. McCORNACK 2,081,947

DAIRY PLANT

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Patented June 1, 1837

UNITED STATES

2,081,947

PATENT OFFICE

26817

Gerbdert MoCerunch, Gien Ridge, N. J.

Application March 1, 1933, Serial No 659,252

in which the cows enter

side opposite to the milking machine

This part of th invention Is designed

compleme* to the milking ma-

my Patents No. 1.859.213 and

4, although it may be employed with

machines.

of my invention are

to increase milk production,

th of the cow's udder by fa-

of the calf-like agitation

disclosed in my patents

aforesaid, to provide improved arrangements for

sheltering and feeding the cows, for handling the

mulk& and for disposing of the manure and utilizing

the valuable constituents thereof.

es I attain these objects by the following nove!

A basic novel feature of this dairy plant is the

arrangement of milking stalls by which the cows’

hips of the cows in front of

side next to the milking machine

has to travel from cow to cow

$ &

feersths;

HTH

nell

lait

irpees

;

rive

A H

Hit

[

aie

(CL 31—88)

circular arrangement of milking

viaion within the circle of stalls for

weighing the miUk and transferring

room, thus reducing the travel of the

chine operator to the minimum.

Another feature of improvement in

plant {s the provision of means for controlling

entrance of the cows into the

This consists in its preferred form of

door and a curtain or other suitable

rier across the approach to the

and a pul! cord, electric switch or

the milking room by which the milking

operator simultancously opens the entrance

and drops the curtain, and reversely, means

ing also provided on the approach side of

entrance docr by which the door is closed and

curtain ts raised for the next cow. In this

rangement, as the entrance door is

in the cow which is about to enter

room, the two-part curtain, which

falis about the middle of the

serves, not only to start her movem

to detain the cow which follows behind

the entrance door ts again closed and the

is again raised by the inspector. This

control serves to keep a cow at the entrance

promptly on cal) by the operator in the

room.

Another feature of my improved milking

consists of an entrance gate to the milking

preferably of spring sheet material and light In

weight, so arranced that when it is drawn by the

operator and pressed against the cows hip it

causes her to step over toward the ahield and -3

assume a position convenient to be milked

Another provision in this connectioa is

et or other means for locking the gate in

sired position which thus adapts his

cows of differcnt size. )

ice 4 ak

iit ais

ite

‘

3 |

Still another provision ts an extension of the

shield or other part of the stall in front of the

cow's rear foot which is next to the operater and

which not only protects the operator from the

droppings of the cow but causes the cow te place

this foot in a rearward position to facilitate the

application of the machine.

Another feature of my improved dairy plant

is the provision for dispensing with the uneani-

tary and expensive stall cocks of present prec- 8

tice and for greatly facilitating the attachment

of the milker unit to the cow. This ls effected

by an automatic control of alr inflow te the

vacuum line which is accomplished by so shaping

vecvum

4 Hi

iti

inte

eile

THe

pictgstes at

FReRGEE

hl Hu

tsetdpttey :

‘ ele ypttey F

/ elit i

lich al

THE - Rake

eli

are located beyond the cows on the side oppo-

33 site to the ope. stor. The advantage of this ar-

prior practice, is that the milk-

the cow lanes are more easily

in passing through the plant.

@ Another feature is the provision for keeping

stable impr rities and insects away from the milk

is poured and transferred to the milk

receiving room. This is accomplished by means

of a fan which discharges pure air and maintains

a clean atmosphere where the milk bucket is

opened and the milk ts poured and weighed and

transferred to the milk receiving room.

Another feature is that this provision which

protects the milk while it is being poured, weighed

g@ and transferred to the milk receiving room also

efficiently ventilates the milk receiving room.

A general and comprehensive feature of im-

provement itn this dairy plant is the convenient

and concentrated location of al! of the activities

ge Of the milking machine operator which makes

units simultaneously. By this concen-

and convenience of the milking room

ties the work of the operator is so greatly

qg Sbbreviated that he can give close attention to

the functioning of the severa) milk +r units and

can apply to cach cow for « longer period of time

the calf-Mke treatment of my patented milker

a@rantage to miIK production and to

of the cow's udder. This great econ-

emy of effort and improvement in efficiency is

combination of plant facilities.

gaz eegg*

Het

tie

Tet

pertll

pers provided for their storage. Af the rear end

6 a eS 8 eS 6

hopper for each kind of feed or bedding

their

ett,

ite

Hat

pump Into a liquid manure spreader and appied

to the soll in liquid form.

In the accompanying drawings, I have shewa

for purposes of tllustration ome preferred em.-

bodiment of my invention.

Figure 1 is « plen view of one form of milking

room embodied in my invention;

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operator stands and illustrating a cow therein:

Figure 15 is a detail vertical sectional view

showing the automatic cut-off connection for the

16 ts a view in elevation showing the

outside of the milk receiving room and showing

the arrangement for holding the milking units

not in use and also showing the receptacle for

3 receiving the milk from the buckets:

Pigure 17 is a partia) horizonta! section on

ne 17—117 of Pigure 16;

Pizure 18 is a view ‘n sice elevation, parts

being shown in section, of the means for recriv-

# ing the milk from the buckets and conveying it

to the interior of the milk receiving room:

Figure 19 is a view in side elevation showing

the holders where are kept the cup inflations

and rubber sealing rings when not in use. «a

48 bracket for holding the meta! parts of the cups

Pigure 21 is a plan view of the same with the

S@ rubber parts removed;

Figure 22 is a diagrammatic view In vertical

section taken epproximately on line 22—122 of

Pigure 1 showing the arrangement of the various

milk handi'ng instrumentalities by which the

AS gravity flow of the milk is obtained throughcut

the milk receiving room.

Figure 73 is a diagrammatic side elevation of

a complete dairy plant Isy-out including the

stables and milking house:

;

stables being shown in vertica! section:

shown in Figures 23 and 24.

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ing and detaching the

the mUJk from the buckets into the receiver 36.

in which the milk from each cow is weighed and 20

from which it ts automatically passed to the in-

terior of the milking chamber

The stalls age defined by « series of shields 48

41 and 42. al) of the Intermediate shields 41 being

alike and serving as the rear shield for the cow 2%

on one side and the head shield for the cow on

the other side. The shield 48 constitutes

shield for the cow nearest the entrance door and

the shield 42 constitutes a head shield for the cow

nearest the exit. Arms 43 and 44 are provided 39

on the shields on the side of the cow toward the

operator and the lower part of each shield its

provided with @ foot guard 48 which restrains

the right hind foot of the cow. protects the op-

erator from the same and also from the cows 35

droppings. The cow in stepping tmto the stall is

caused by the operator to place her right hind

foot in @ rearward position behind the guard.

The guard restrains movement of the foot, keep-

ing the right leg out of the way and exposing the 46

udder for ready attachment of the milking unit.

Mounted about nidway of each of the stalls on

the side of the cow away from the operator ts an

uprixht 80 which has hinged thereto a pair of

gates 61 and 52 which are preferably made of 4s

resilient material such as sheet metal. These

gates may be actuated by means to be described

and may be locked in closed position so as to

retain the cow in the stall during milking. When

the cow is to be Introduced into a stal! the gate se

52 \s closed and the gate 8! ts opened, in which

Position it extends across the passage-way for

the cow so that when e« cow coming up such

passage-way reaches the gate 8! she is stopped

and deflected into the stall The gate 61 is then as

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Filed Feb. 19,

APPARATUS FOR CLEANING AND VENTILATING BARNS AND STABLES FOR CATTLE

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APPARATUS FOR CLEANING AND VENTILATING BARNS AND STABLES FOR CATTLE

2,233,766

APPARATUS FOR CLEANING AND VENTILATING BARNS AND STABLES FOR CATTLE

J. W. BOGERT

March 4, 1941.

3 Sheets-Sheet 2

Filed Feb. 19, 1938

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Patented Mar. 4, 1941

UNITED STATES

PATENT

2,233,766

“ RATUS FOR CLEANING AND VENTILAT-

ArING BAKNS AND STALLS FOR CATILE

John W. Bogert, Stamford, Conn.

Application February 19, 1938, Serial No. 191,384

21 Claims.

This invention relates to an apparatus for

cleaning and ventilating barns and stables for

cattle and the like, and has for an object to pro-

vide means for automatically cleaning the manure

S and urine gutter at the rear of the stalls by pro-

gressive action of a fluid cleaning medium.

Another object of the invention ts to provide

means for directing the cleaning medium to dif-

ferent portions of the gutter at various velocitirs

tv so that the matter deposited in the cutter will be

removed from certain portions of the gutter in

advance of other portions of the cutter.

Another object Is to provide means for con-

trolling the flow of the fuld cleaning medium so

13 that the matter in portions of the gutter #i!l first

be successively softened and semiliquefird and

then the treated material in the gutter gradually

removed without overflowing the gutter and

finally flushing the gutter throuchout Its entire

ngth.

tins anaes object is to provide means for venti-

lating the tarn or stable by way of the gutters

throuch the cleaning medium means, alternat-

ing with its cleaning function, so that each por-

23 tion of the cutter at the rear of each stall will be

separately and Individually ventilated.

Another object ts to provide means for con-

trolling the for: of cxhaust alr so that the amount

of air exhausted ts graduated according to the

30 elevation of each portion of the cutter, there

being greatest induced draft In the lowest por-

tion of the gutter.

Another object is to provide certain improve-

ments in the form, construction and arrangr-

33 meet of the several parts whereby the above

named ard other objects may eficctively be

attained. ,

A practical embodiment of my invention ts rep-

resented In the accompanying drawings, in which,

wo) OFie. 1 represents a detail horizontal section of

a portion of a cattle barn or stable having my im-

proved apparatus installed therein betucen op o-

sitely disposed roas of stalls.

Fig. 2 represents a vertical section taken in the

43 pane of the line T11—TI of Fie. 1 looking tn the

direction of the arrows

Fie. 2 represents a Getail plan view partly tin

section and on a lareer scale of the Nuid cleaning

medium supply tank and adjacent met hanism

n” Fic. 4 represents a detall vertical section of one

ef the ducts taken In the plane of the line IV—IVN

of Fie. 1 booking tn the direction of the arrows

Fig. S represents a detail vertical section taken

in the plane of the jine V—V of Pie 3 be king tn

83 th.e direction of the arrows.

78.

(Cl. 119-—16)

Fig. 6 represents a vertical section taken In the

plane of the line VI—VI of Fig. 3 looking in the

direction of the arrows, and

Fic. 7 represents a vertical section taken In the

plane of the line VII—VII of Fig. 6 looking in 5

e direction of the arrows.

The cattle barn or stable comprises side walls

1—2. feed alleys 3—4 adjacent the walls respec-

tively, two series Of stall-partitions $—6 form-

ine oppositely disposed rows of stalls 1—8. and & 10

walk $ interpowd betwcen the rows of stalls for

the passace of the cattle to the stalis. A longi-

tudinally arranged manger 10 is disposed between

the stalls 7 and the alley 3 to extend along the

head end of the stalls, while a similar mancer 15

if ts located b& tween the alley @ and the row of

stalls 8. A gutter 12 fs interposed between the

walk $ and the row of stalls 1 for the reception

of matter discharged by the cattle In the stalls,

while a similar gutter 13 bs located between the 20

ends of the row of stalls 8 and the walk $. The

floors or bottoms of the gutters 12—13 are in-

clined downwardly to the left (Fig. 1) so that the

liquefied or semi-liquefied matter will pass by

pravity from the ends 14—15 of the gutters to a 2s

common reservoir or tank ‘not shown) where it

may be stored for future we. The bottoms of

the gutters 12—13 are also inclined transversely

toward cach other as shown in Fig. 2.

In order to bring th matter deposited In the 30

cu'ters to a hquefied or semi-liquefird state so

that it alll readily move through the cutters to

the outlets 144—15§. I propose to apply to the mat-

ter at various points throuchout the length of the

cutters 12—83 predetermined amounts of water 35

at different velocities. To prevent the fluid or

simi-fluid mass from overflowing the gutters, the

matter nearest the outlets 14—1S ts first treated

to hauefy it and then fushed out of the cutters

while the remainder of the matte

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