Appendix — Garner v. United States

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APPENDIX

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Supreme Court of the United States

October Term, 1974

No. 74-100

ROY D. GARNER,

Petitioner,

vs.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Respondent.

ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

POR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

PETITION FOR CERTIORARI FILED AUGUST 9, 1974

CERTIORARI GRANTED FEBRUARY 18, 1975

IN THE

SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES

October Term, 1974

No. 74-100

ROY D. GARNER,

Petitioner,

VS.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Respondent.

ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

APPENDIX

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b.

y

INDEX TO APPENDIX

Index to Clerk’s Transcript ..................

Notice of Motion and Motions (1) For

. Severance and Separate Trial; (2) For Copy

of Transcript of Grand Jury Proceedings;

(3) Affidavit of Alan Saltzman; (4) Points

and Authorities; (5) To Compel Government

To Disgorge Evidence Favorable to Defend-

ant Re Guilt or Innocence [filed November

i O66 ke Ie seis. . babe ceeetes

Affidavit of Alan Saltzman ..............

Memorandum of Points and Authorities ....

DT 4 e« ctubundbe66 66 s-d6¢ (0066s

Proposed Corrected Indictment

See UNE G, TOTES cecccccccccvcccccces

Application for Order Compelling Testimony

(of Clarence A. “Jack” Swank) - 18 U.S.C.

§ 2514 [filed October 29, 1970] ..............

Affidavit of Robert L. Meyer

(United States Attorney) ................

Order us above dated October 29,1970 ........

26

27

INDEX TO APPENDIX ii.

Page

Judgment and Commitment [filed

November 16,1970) .....-- eee eeeeeees sa 28

Notation re opinion of the Ninth Circuit

Court of Appeals (majority and dissenting)

and the order denying Petition for Rehearing

by that court ......... Tht whale te db ered we 29

Excerpts from Reporter’s Transcript:

R.T. p. 59,1. 3 - p. 67,1. 10

(re & 605 and the use of ee

toll records) ..... wes ee ree ere 30

R.T. p. 248, 1. 24- p. 264, 1. 16

(re Daily Racing Form and its status

as a business record pursuant to

SUVS ae DP cccce: ease eee 36

R.T. p. 420, 1. 18 p p. 423,1.4

(re testimony of Clarence A. “‘Jack”’

i. ree or rer rrr rT 49

R.T. p. 1201, 1. 8- p. 1209, 1. 18

(re introduction of income tax

cccedeceesere’s cane cudde dee 51

R.T. p. 1365,1.9- p. 1366,1. 12

(use of Mr. Garner’s income tax

returns on argument to the jury) .......... 58

Exhibit 19 - Income Tax Returns ..........+-- 60

> eee sews sue ddewee bets 72 -

OO Serer ror rier tre eT 69

9. eee: een rr eee ee 61

INDEX OF CLERK’S TRANSCRIPT

In the United States District Court, Central District of

California.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff, vs. ROY D.

GARNER, Defendant.

Case No. 5356 (F) Criminal

Application for Order ered Testimony,

filed 10/29/70 ........... Pe Dee 237

Certified Copy of Indictment, filed 1/22/70 .... 40

Certified Copy of Judgment and Commitment,

filed 11/16/70 ....... reewedé deekeeesed ux 275

Certified Copy of Motion to Dismiss Indictment

(Case No. 4790-Crim.), filed 11/26/69 ........ 2

Certified Copy of Notice of Motion and Motion

for Bill of Particulars (Case No. 2790-Crim.),

filed 11/26/69 ..............

Certified Copy of Notice of Motion and Motion

for Discovery (Case No. 4790-Crim.), filed

Pn i 6cu coud tak eee Sat Se T ey ee 15

Certified Copy of Notice of Motion and

Motions for Severance and for Separate

Trial; for Copy of Transcript of Grand Jury

Proceedings; Affidavit; Points and Authorities:

to Compel Government to Disgorge Evidence

Favorable to Defendant re Guilt or Innocence

(Case No. 4790-Crim.), filed 11/26/69 ........ 32

Certified Copy of Notice of Motion and

Motions for New Trial/Judgment of Acquittal/

An Arrest of Judgment; Points and Authorities

in Support Thereof (Case No. 4790), filed 5/18/70 . 83

Index of Clerk’s Transcript

Certified Copy of Statement of Docket

RE a ee eee

Defendant’s Proposed Instructions (1 through

ee eee rl, Pe dig a bias

Defendant’s Proposed Jury Instructions

a aed | SO Ai Oe ee

Defendant’s Requested Instruction No. 6,

CD? “Le Lode awe ee See PTT

Defendant’s Trial Memorandum Re

Admissibility of Telephone Company

ee ec e es eseues

Designation and Appearance Counsel,

Pe. t66 tee ees bebe sade ees eee

Designation of Record on Appeal,

te cecet deeeckau és bbe tesdhes é

Exhibit to Points and Authorities in Support

of Motion for New Trial, filed 5/28/70

Exhibit to Supplementary Memorandum of

Points and Authorities in Opposition to Motion

for New Trial, filed 6/12/70 ................

... Instructions - filed 11/5/70 ..............

Government’s Requested Special Instructions,

jj neceens une uee needs s ae ewes

Memorandum of Law, filed 2/17/70 ..........

Minute Order (Case No. 4790-Crim.),

cert cea be ene due cweba deb ee

Minute Order (Case No. 4790-Crim.),

ee

247

74

79

190

82

277

125

Index of Clerk’s Transcript

Minute Order, dated 5/28/70 ..............4..

Minute Order, dated 6/12/70 ................

Minute Order, dated 6/22/70 ...... ieipecnee

Minute Order, dated 8/5/70 5... eee ee eee

Minute Order, dated 8/17/70 .............4...

Minute Order, dated 10/5/70 ................

Minute Order, dated 10/27/70 ..............

Minute Order, dated 10/28/70 ..............

Minute Order, dated 10/29/70 =... .. 2... eee

Minute Order, dated 11/2/70 ................

Minute Order, dated 11/3/70 ................

Minute Order, dated 11/4/70 ................

Minute Order, dated 11/5/70 ................

Minute Order, dated 11/6/70 ................

Minute Order, dated 11/16/70 ..............

Motion for Bail for Witness, filed 7/24/70 ......

Notice of Appeal, filed 11/16/70 ............

Noti¢e of Motion and Motion to Quash

ee ED eae ce eeus- eb eeaes

Opposition to Defendant’s Motions for New

Trial, Judgment of Acquittal, and Arrest of

PE eT svessedscceesss wees

109

Index of Clerk’s Transcript

Opposition to Defendant’s Motion to Suppress

Evidence, etc., filed 10/21/70 ................

Points and Authorities in Support of Defendant’s

Objections to Introduction of Defendant’s Past

Income Tax Returns, filed 2/17/70 ... .....

Points and Authorities in Support of Motion for

New Trial and Judgment of Acquittal, filed

PETE Kec bneercbnceeeceveetnesevaesees

Proposed Corrected Indictment, filed 8/4/70

Requested Voir Dire Questions and Motion

(contained in question No. 29), filed 2/3/70

Second Supplementary Exhibits and Points

and Authorities in Support of Motion for New

WEP GEEETE cece secccecscasebcuneses

Supplementary Memorandum of Points and

Authorities in Opposition to Motion for New

. Serer re keebveusees

Supplementary Memorandum of Points and

Authorities in Support of Motion for New

DC 8 cisceierveeesceees ea

lO errr rere Terrerrer

eee eked

199

67

267

178

55

163

147

129

266

Original and 2 copies of Reporter’s Transcript of Proceedings

had on October 27, 28, 29, 1970 (volumes 1, 2 and 3); Novem-

ber 2, 3, 4, 5, (volumes 4, 5, 6 and 7); November 6 and 16,

1970 (volume 8)

Certificate By The Clerk

1, Emory G. Hatcher, Clerk of the above entitled Court, hereby

certify the documents listed herein, together with the other

listed items, constitute the record on appeal to the United States

Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in the above entitled case.

Dated and Signed: February 9, 1971.

NOTICE OF MOTION AND MOTIONS 5.

(1) FOR SEVERANCE AND SEPARATE

TRIAL; (2) FOR COPY OF TRANSCRIPT

OF GRAND JURY PROCEEDINGS; (3)

AFFIDAVIT OF ALAN SALTZMAN; (4)

POINTS AND AUTHORITIES; (5) TO

COMPEL GOVERNMENT TO DISGORGE

EVIDENCE: FAVORABLE TO DEFENDANT

RE GUILT OR INNOCENCE

In the United States District Court, Central District of

California.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiffs, vs.

CLARENCE A. SWANK; ROY D. GARNER, et al., Defend-

ants.

Criminal No. 4790(F).

{FILED NOVEMBER 26, 1969]

TO THE UNITED STATES ATTORNEY:

PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that on December 18, 1969,

at 10:00 o’clock A.M., as previously orally noticed in Court,

before the HONORABLE WARREN J. FERGUSON, the

Defendant, ROY D. GARNER, will, through counsel, move

the Court for orders as follows:

(1) Directing a severance and separate trial as to the

Defendant, ROY D. GARNER, from the other Defendants;

(2) Directing the United States Attorney to have

transcribed all grand jury proceedings leading up to the

instant indictment and to provide a copy thereof to counsel

for the Defendant, ROY D. GARNER;

(3) Directing the U.S. Attorney to disclose to counsel

for ROY D. GARNER all evidence known to him favorable

to the Defendant on the issue of his guilt or innocence.

The within motions are based on the within affidavit

Notice of Motion and Motions 6.

attached hereto, the Points and Authorities attached hereto,

the records and files in the above-entitled cause, and any and

all other matters which may be presented prior to or at the

time of the hearing of said motions.

Respectfully submitted,

Alan Saltzman

Attorney for Defendant

Affidavit of Alan Saltzman

State of California )

) ss.

County of Los Angeles )

ALAN SALTZMAN states under oath the following:

1. That he is an attorney retained to represent

the Defendant, ROY D. GARNER, in the within action:

RE: SEVERANCE MOTION.

Your affiant is informed and believes and there-

on alleges that the Defendant, ROY D. GARNER, would

be placed in a dilemma so far as presenting his case to the

jury is concerned if he were tried with any of the other

co-Defendants because of the statements and conduct of

the said co-Defendants, and because of the fact that it

might become encumbant upon counsel for any co-Defend-

ant to argue his client’s innocence based on the guilt of

ROY D. GARNER, which would operate to the obvious

prejudice of ROY D. GARNER, and that, therefore, fairness

demands that the moving party, ROY D. GARNER, be tried

Affidavit of Alan Saltzman 7.

separately.

Your affiant is further informed and believes and

thereon alleges that there are acts, declarations and conduct

which the Government proposes to offer during the course

of the trial which would be admissible only against one of

the co-Defendants, and that it would be impossible for the

jury to consider said evidence only against the declarant or

actor.

Your affiant further believes that certain co-

Defendants have made certain admissions or statements

to witnesses which would be hearsay as to the Defendant,

ROY D. GARNER, but that the jury would not be able

to exclude such admissions by one co-Defendant when

considering the guilt or innocence of the Defendant, ROY

D. GARNER.

Your affiant has been informed by the U. S.

Attorney that there are certain statements which have been

made by one or more of the Defendants which implicate

Defendant, ROY D.GARNER ._..

[At the time of the preparation of this

appendix, the subsequent page of the

Affidavit of Alan Saltzman was found

to be missing from the copy of the Clerk’s

Transcript furnished counsel. At time of

printing, this page had still not been obtain-

ed. The record will be supplemented with

this information. |

Memorandum of Points and Authorities

Memorandum of Points and Authorities (Severance) 8. Memorandum of Points and Authorities 9.

(Transcript of Grand Jury Testimony)

Rule 14 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedures

provides for separate trials if the Defendant would be preju-

diced by the joinder of Defendants

Transcript of Grand Jury Testimony:

In United States vs. Youngblood, 379 Fed. 2d 365

(1967), the Second Circuit Court of Appeals establishes the

without the Court’s aid, because powerless itself

to compel the testimony of witnesses. It is the

Court’s process which summons the witness to

attend and give testimony, and it is the court

which must compel a witness to testify, if after

appearing he refuses to do so.”

rule that upon the request of defense counsel, the court

shall order that he be allowed to examine the grand jury

testimony of any witnesses who testifies at the trial. The

Re: Disclosure of Evidence Favorable Re: Guilt:

In Brady vs. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83, 83 S. Ct. 1194,

10 L. Ed. 2d 215 (decided May 13, 1963), the Supreme

can establish that disclosure would jeopardize national secunty Court stated as follows:

Court notes that an order will not be made if the Government

or other significant interest. The Court expressly establishes

that defense counsel is not required to show a “particularized

need” for the Grand Jury Transcript. The “particularized

need”’ standard authorized in Dennis vs. United States, 384

U.S. 855, 86 Supreme Court 1840, 16 L Ed. 2d 973 (1966)

is held to be not mandatory and is discarded because of the

buraen placed on the trial judges in applying it. Said burden

consists of an in camera search for inconsistencies. The Court

further declared that an alternative ground for allowing dis-

covery of the Grand Jury Transcript is the language of Rule 6

of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedures which gives to

trial courts discretion to authorize disclosure of the transcript

of Grand Jury Proceedings

In Brown vs. United States, 359 U.S. 41, 48, 3 L. Ed. 2d

609, 616, 79 S. Ct 539, the Court states:

““A grand jury is clothed with great independence

in many areas, but it remains an appendage of the

Court, powerless to perform its investigative function

“We now hold that the suppression by the prose-

cution of evidence favorable to an accused upon

request violates Due Process where the evidence

is material either to guilt or to punishment,

irrespective of the good faith or bad faith of the

prosecution.”

Respectfully submitted, '

/s/ Alan Saltzman

Attorney for Defendant

INDICTMENT 10.

[18 U.S.C. 8371: Conspiracy; 18 U.S.C. § 1084: Interstate

Transmission of Wagering Information; 18 U.S.C. § 1952;

Interstate Transportation in Aid of Racketeering; 18 U.S.C.

§ 2: Aiding and Abetting.|

In the United States District Court, Central District of

California, December, 1968 Grand Jury.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff, v CLAR-

ENCE A. SWANK (aka JACK SWANK); LYLE K. BE %GE;

BERNARD I. BERNSTEIN; NICHOLAS P. DE SISTO,

JR.; WAYNE DONAWAY (aka BABE DONAWAY); ROY

D. GARNER; HAROLD W. GOLDBAUM; EMERY L.

LONG; GEORGE SCOVILLE; Defendants.

No. 5356 Crim.

{FILED JANUARY 22, 1970]

The Grand Jury Charges:

COUNT ONE

{18 U.S.C. § 371]

Commencing prior to January |, 1968, and continuing

to the date of the return of this indictment, defendants

CLARENCE A. SWANK (also known as JACK SWANK),

LYLE K. BERGE, BERNARD IL. BERNSTEIN, NICHOLAS

P. DE SISTO, JR., WAYNE DONAWAY, (also known as

BABE DONAWAY), ROY D. GARNER, HAROLD W. GOLD-

BAUM, EMERY L. LONG, GEORGE SCOVILLE, and their

unindicted co-conspirators William O. Lawler, (also known

as Bankroll Bill), Lois J. Rusch, Lynn Marmor (also known

as Lennie Moore), and Kenneth M_ Brandyberry (also known

as Kenneth Miller), agreed, confederated and conspired

together to commit offenses against the United States as

follows:

(a) To engage in the business of betting and wagering

7

Indictment 11

and to use wire communication facilities for the transmission

in interstate commerce of bets and wagers and information

assisting in the placing of bets and wagers, in violation of

Title 18, United States Code, Section 1084;

(b) To travel in interstate commerce and use facilities

in interstate commerce with intent to (1) distribute the

proceeds of unlawful activity, namely: a business enterprise

involving gambling and bribery offenses in violation of the

laws of California, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Texas, and of the

United States; and (2) promote, manage, establish, carry on,

and facilitate the promotion, management, establishment and

carrying on of said unlawful activity; and thereafter to per-

form and attempt to perform acts specified in (1) and (2)

above, in violation of Title 18, United States Code, Section

1952;

(c) To carry into effect, and attempt to carry into

effect a scheme in commerce to influence by bribery sport-

ing contests, namely: horse races, with knowledge that the

purpose of such scheme was to influence said contests by

bribery, in violation of Title 18, United States Code, Sec-

tion 224.

The object of the conspiracy was as follows:

defendants and their unindicted co-conspirators would

arrange to fix horse races, by means of bribery, injecting

stimulants in horses, and other means, and would secure

information regarding particular horses and jockeys from

sources unavailable to the general public. Based upon these

arrangements and this information, defendants would attempt

to place and place wagers on particular horses In order to

maintain high pari-mutuel odds, and in order to avoid

others not party to the conspiracy placing wagers on the

Indictment 12.

same horses, wagers were placed with bookmakers, away from

the track, shortly before starting time of the race in which the

particular horse was running. Defendants and their unindicted

co-conspirators would travel in interstate commerce and use -

facilities in interstate commerce for the purpose of arranging

for wagers to be placed, and to place and attempt to place

wagers. Defendants and their unindicted co-conspirators

would use wire communication facilities to transmit in inter-

state commerce wagers and information assisting in the

placing of wagers.

To effect the objects of the conspiracy, defend-

ants and their unindicted co-conspirators committed divers

overt acts in the Central District of California, including the

following:

1. Onor about May 23, 1968, unindicted co-con-

spirator William O. Lawler, (also known as Bankroll Bill),

and defendant CLARENCE A. SWANK, (also known as

JACK SWANK), attempted to place and placed wagers on

the horse “Mister Fourway”’, entered in the seventh race

at Golden Gate Fields, Albany, California, on May 23, 1968.

2. Onor about September 25, 1968, defendant

EMERY L. LONG telephoned defendant ROY D. GARNER

in Upland, California.

3. Onor about September 25, 1968, defendant

CLARENCE A. SWANK, (also known as JACK SWANK),

telephoned defendant ROY D. GARNER in Upland, CAlif-

ornia.

4. Onor about September 25, 1968, defendant

EMERY L. LONG caused the injection of amphetamine,

a stimulant drug, into the horse ““Deerwood Duke,”

entered in the twelfth race at Pomona Fairgrounds, Pomona,

Indictment 13

California, on September 25, 1968.

5. On or about September 25, 1968, defendant

CLARENCE A. SWANK, (also known as JACK SWANK),

telephoned unindicted co-conspirator Lynn Marmor, (also

known as Lennie Moore), in Houston, Texas.

6. On or about September 25, 196%, defendant

CLARENCE A. SWANK, (also known as JACK SWANK),

telephoned defendant BERNARD I. BERNSTEIN in Bever-

ly Hills, California.

7. On or about September 25, 1968, defendant

BERNARD I. BERNSTEIN telephoned defendant HAROLD

W. GOLDBAUM in Las Vegas, Nevada.

8. On or about September 25, 1968. defendant

CLARENCE A. SWANK, (also known as JACK SWANK),

telephoned defendant LYLE K. BERGE in Buena Park,

California.

9. On or about Septernber 25, 1968, defendant

LYLE K. BERGE telephoned unindicted co-conspirator

Kenneth M. Brandyberry, (also known as Kenneth Miller),

in Downey, California.

10. On or about September 25, 1968, unindicted co-

conspirators William O. Lawler (also known as Bankroll Bill),

Lynn Marmor, (also known as Lennie Moore), Kenneth M.

Brandyberry, (also known as Kenneth Miller), and defendants

CLARENCE A. SWANK, (also known as JACK SWANK),

LYLE BERGE, BERNARD I. BERNSTEIN and HAROLD

W. GOLDBAUM attempted to place and placed wagers on

the horse “Deerwood Duke,” entered in the twelfth race at

Pomona Fairgrounds, Pomona, California, on September 25,

1968.

11. On or about September 27, 1968, defendant

Indictment 14.

EMERY L. LONG, in Las Vegas, Nevada, telephoned defend-

ant ROY D. GARNER, in Upland, California.

12. On or about November 28, 1968, defendant ROY

D. GARNER telephoned defendant CLARENCE A. SWANK,

(also known as JACK SWANK), in Los Alamitos, California.

13. Onor about November 28, 1968, defendant

CLARENCE A. SWANK, (also known as JACK SWANK),

telephoned unindicted co-conspirator William O. Lawler,

(also known as Bankroll Bill), in Gardena, California.

14. On or about November 28, 1968, unindicted co-

conspirator William O. Lawler, (also known as Bankroll Bill),

and defendant CLARENCE A. SWANK, (also known as JACK

SWANK), attempted to place and placed wagers on the horse

“‘Maretazo II,” entered in the ninth race at Bay Meadows

Racetrack, San Mateo, California on November 28, 1968.

15. On or about December 3, 1968, defendant ROY

D. GARNER telephoned defendant CLARENCE A. SWANK,

(also known as JACK SWANK), in Los Alamitos, California.

16. On or about December 3, 1968, defendant

CLARENCE A. SWANK, (also known as JACK SWANK)

telephoned unindicted co-conspirator William Lawler, (also

known as Bankroll Bill), in Gardena, Calfornia.

17. Onor about December 4, 1968, unindicted co-

conspirator William O. Lawler, (also known as Bankroll Bill),

and defendant CLARENCE A. SWANK, (also known as

JACK SWANK), attempted to place and placed wagers on

the horse “‘King Kildare,” entered in the fifth race at Bay

Meadows Racetrack, San Mateo, California, on December 4,

1968.

18. On or about April 18, 1969, unindicted co-con-

spirator William O. Lawler, (also known as Bankroll Bill),

Indictment 15

telephoned defendant WAYNE DONAWAY, (also known as

BABE DONAWAY), in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

19. Onor about April 18, 1969, unindicted co-con-

spirator William O. Lawler, (also known as Bankroll Bill),

mailed money orders and cashier’s checks totaling $4,200.00

to defendant WAYNE DONAWAY, (also known as BABE

DONAWAY ), in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

20. Onor about April 10, 1969, unindicted co-con-

spirator William O. Lawler, (also known as Bankroll Bill), gave

cash totaling $4,000.00 to defendant NICHOLAS P DE

SISTO, JR.

21. Onor about April 10, 1969, defendant NICHO-

LAS P. DE SISTO, JR. traveled to Cleveland, Ohio.

22. Onor about April 10, 1969, unindicted co-con-

spirator William O. Lawler, (also known as Bankroll Bill)

telephoned defendant GEORGE SCOVILLE in San Jose,

California.

23. Onor about April 10, 1969, unindicted co-con-

spirator William O. Lawler, (also known as Bankroll Bill),

mailed money orders and cashier’s checks totaling $1,000

to defendant GEORGE SCOVILLE in San Jose, California.

24. Onor about April 18, 1969, defendant GEORGE

SCOVILLE traveled to Reno, Nevada.

25. Onor about April 18, 1969, unindicted co-con-

spirator William O. Lawler, (also known as Bankroll Bill),

and defendants CLARENCE A. SWANK, (also known as

JACK SWANK), WAYNE DONAWAY, (also known as

BABE DONAWAY), NICHOLAS P DE SISTO, JR., and

GEORGE SCOVILLE attempted to place and placed wagers

on the horse “‘Prize Candy,” entered in the second race at

Gulfstream Park, Hallandale, Florida, on April 18, 1969.

Indictment 16.

COUNT TWO

[18 U.S.C. 68 1084, 2)

On or about September 25, 1968, at 5:38 p.m., defend-

ant CLARENCE A. SWANK, (also known as JACK SWANK),

being engaged in the business of betting and wagering, know-

ingly used a wire communication facility, namely: a telephone,

for the transmission in interstate commerce from Gardena,

California, within the Central District of California, to Houston,

Texas, of bets and wagers and information assisting in the plac-

ing of bets and wagers on sporting events and contests.

At said time and place, defendant ROY D. GARNER

aided, abetted, counselled, induced and procured the commis-

sion of the offense alleged above.

COUNT THREE

[18 U.S.C. 881952, 2]

On or about September 25, 1968, defendant CLARENCE

A. SWANK, (also known as JACK SWANK), and Lynn Marmor,

(also known as Lennie Moore), used the telephone, a facility in

interstate commerce between Gardena, California, within the

Central District of California, and Houston, Texas, with intent

to promote, manage, establish, carry on, and facilitate the pro-

motion, management, establishment and carrying on of an

unlawful activity, namely: a business enterprise involving

gambling and bribery offenses in violation of California Penal

Code, Sections 337a, 337b, and 337f; Texas Penal Code,

Articles 648 and 652a; and Title 18, United States Code,

Sections 224 and 1084; and thereafter defendant CLARENCE

A. SWANK, (also known as JACK SWANK), and Lynn Mar-

mor, (also known as Lennie Moore), performed and attempt-

ed to perform acts to promote, manage, establish, carry on, and

Indictment 17.

facilitate the promotion, management, establishment and

carrying on of said unlawful activity, including the follow-

ing: CLARENCE A. SWANK, (also known as JACK SWANK),

and Lynn Marmor, (also known as Lennie Moore), attempted

to place and placed wagers on the horse “Deerwood Duke,”

entered in the twelfth race at Pomona Fairgrounds, Pomona,

California, on September 25, 1968.

At said time and place, defendant ROY D. GARNER

aided, abetted, counselled, induced and procured the com-

mission of the offense alleged above.

COUNT FOUR

[18 USC. §8 1084; 2)

On or about September 25, 1968, at 5:39 p.m., defend-

ants BERNARD I. BERNSTEIN and HAROLD W. GOLD-

BAUM, being engaged’in the business of betting and wager-

ing, knowingly used a wire communication facility, namely:

a telephone, for the transmission in interstate commerce

from Beverly Hills, California, within the Central District

of California, to Las Vegas, Nevada, of bets and wagers and

information assisting in the placing of bets and wagers on

sporting events and contests.

At said time and place, defendants CLARENCE A.

SWANK, (also known as JACK SWANK), and ROY D.

GARNER aided, abetted, counselled, induced and procured

the commission of the offense alleged above.

COUNT FIVE

[18 U.S.C. 68 1952; 2]

On or about September 25, 1968, defendants BER-

NARD I. BERNSTEIN and HAROLD W. GOLDBAUM used

Indictment 18.

the telephone, a facility in interstate commerce, between

Beverly Hills, California, within the Central District of

California, and Las Vegas, Nevada, with intent to promote,

manage, establish, carry on, and facilitate the promotion,

management, establishment and carrying on of an unlawful

activity, namely: a business enterprise involving gambling

and bribery offenses in violation of California Penal Code,

Sections 337a, 337b, and 337f; and Title 18, United States

Code, Sections 224 and 1084; and thereafter defendants

BERNARD I. BERNSTEIN and HAROLD W. GOLDBAUM

performed and attempted to perform acts to promote,

manage, establish, carry on, and facilitate the promotion,

management, establishment and carrying on of said unlawful

activity including the following: defendants BERNARD I.

BERNSTEIN and HAROLD W. GOLDBAUM attempted to

place and placed wagers on the horse “‘Deerwood Duke,”

entered in the twelfth race at Pomona Fairgrounds, Pomona,

California, on September 25, 1968.

At said time and place, defendants CLARENCE A.

SWANK, (also known as JACK SWANK), and ROY D.

GARNER aided, abetted, counselled, induced and pro-

cured the commission of the offense alleged above.

COUNT SIX

[18 U.S.C. § 1952]

On or about September 27, 1968, defendants EMERY

L. LONG and ROY D. GARNER used the telephone, a

facility in interstate commerce, between Las Vegas, Nevada,

and Upland, California, within the Central District of Califor-

nia, with intent to promote, manage, establish, carry on, and

facilitate the promotion, management, establishment and

Indictment 19

carrying on of an unlawful activity, namely: a business

enterprise involving gambling and bribery offenses in viola-

tion of California Penal Code, Sections 337a, 337b and 337f;

and Title 18, United States Code, Sections 224 and 1084; and

thereafter defendants EMERY L LONG and ROY D. GAR-

NER distributed the proceeds of said unlawful activity.

COUNT SEVEN

[18 U.S.C. 88 1084; 2)

On or about April 18, 1969, William O. Lawler, (also

known as “Bankroll Bill’”’), and defendant WAYNE DONA-

WAY, (also known as BABE DONAWAY), being engaged

in the business of betting and wagering, knowingly used a

wire communication facility, to wit: a telephone, for the

transmission in interstate commerce from Gardena, Califor-

nia, within the Central District of California, to Philadelphia,

Pennsylvania, of bets and wagers and information assisting

in the placing of bets and wagers on sporting events and

contests.

At said time and place, defendants CLARENCE A.

SWANK, (also known as JACK SWANK), and ROY D.

GARNER ided, abetted, counselled, induced and procured

the commission of the offense alleged above.

COUNT EIGHT

[18 U.S.C. 681952; 2)

On or about April 18, 1969, William O. Lawler, (also

known as Bankroll Bill), and defendant WAYNE DONAWAY,

(also known as BABE DONAWAY), used the mail, a facility

in interstate commerce, between Gardena, California, within

the Central District of California, and Philadelphia, Pennsyl-

Indictment 20.

vania, with intent to promote, manage, establish, carry on, and

facilitate the promotion, management, establishment and carry-

ing on of an unlawful activity, namely: a business enterprise

involving gambling offenses in violation of California Penal

Code, Section 337a; Title 18, Pennsylvania Statutes, Section

4607; and Title 18, United States Code, Section 1084; and

thereafter William O. Lawler, (also known as Bankroll Bill),

and defendant WAYNE DONAWAY, (also known as BABE

DONAWAY), performed and attempted to perform acts to

promote, manage, establish, carry on, and facilitate the pro-

motion, management, establishment and carrying on of said

unlawful activity, including the following: William O. Lawler,

(also known as Bankroll Bill), and defendant WAYNE DONA-

WAY, (also known as BABE DONAWAY), attempted to place

and placed wagers on the horse “Prize Candy,” entered in the

second race at Gulfstream Park, Hallandale, Florida, on

April 18, 1969.

At said time and place, defendants CLARENCE A.

SWANK, (also known as JACK SWANK), and ROY D.

GARNER aided, abetted, counselled, induced and procured

the commission of the offense alleged above.

COUNT NINE

[18 U.S.C. 681952; 2)

On or about April 10, 1969, defendant NICHOLAS P.

DE SISTO JR.., traveled in interstate commerce from Los

Angeles County, in the Central District of California, to

Cleveland, Ohio, with intent to promote, manage, establish,

carry on, and facilitate the promotion, management, establish-

ment and carrying on of an unlawful activity, namely; a

business enterprise involving gambling offenses in violation

Indictment 21

of California Penal Code, Section 337a; Ohio Revised Code,

Section 2915.05; and Title 18, United States Code, Section

1084; and thereafter defendant NICHOLAS P DE SISTO,

JR. performed and attempted to perform acts to promote,

manage, establish, carry on, and facilitate the promotion,

management, establishment and carrying on of said unlawful

activity, including the following: defendant NICHOLAS P

DE SISTO, JR. attempted to place and placed wagers on

the horse “Prize Candy,” entered in the second race at

Gulfstream Park, Hallandale, Florida, on April 18, 1969

At said time and place, defendants CLARENCE A

SWANK, (also known as JACK SWANK), and ROY D

GARNER aided, abetted, counselled, induced and procured

the commission of the offense alleged above.

COUNT TEN

{18 USC. 681952; 2)

On or about April 18, 1969, defendant GEORGE

SCOVILLE travelled in interstate commerce from San Jose,

California, to Reno, Nevada, with intent to promote, manage,

establish, carry on, and facilitate the promotion, management,

establishment and carrying on of an unlawful activity, name-

ly: a business enterprise in Los Angeles County in the Central

District of California, involving gambling offenses in violation

of California Penal Code, Section 337a; and Title 18, United

States Code, Section 1084; and thereafter defendant GEORGE

SCOVILLE performed and attempted to perform acts to

promote, manage, establish, carry on, and facilitate the

promotion, management, establishment and carrying on of

said unlawful activity, including the following: defendant

GEORGE SCOVILLE attempted to place and placed wagers

PROPOSED CORRECTED INDICTMENT 23.

Indictment 22.

on the horse “Prize Candy,” entered in the second race at

Gulfstream Park, Hallandale, Florida, on April 18, 1969. ie In the United States District Court, Central District of

At said time and place, defendants CLARENCE A California.

SWANK, (also known as JACK SWANK), and ROY D. int UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff, v. ROY D.

GARNER aided, abetted, counselled, induced and procured GARNER, Defendant

the commission of the offense alleged above. No. 53564WF)-Crim.

[FILED AUGUST 4, 1970]

A TRUE BILL Plaintiff, United States of America, herewith submits a

proposed corrected indictment for the re-trial of the above

INA MORRIS defendant. The “corrections” consist of the striking of all

allegations which have been rendered surplusage by prior

FOREMAN proceedings and rulings of the Court, including the following:

(1) References to other defendants and other offenses

no longer on trial have been removed from the

heading;

(2) The names of defendants Berge, Bernstein, De Sis-

to, Donaway, Goldbaum, Long and Scoville have

been removed from the list of conspirators at lines

26 - 29 of page |;

(3) All references to William O Lawler as “(also known

io as Bankroll Bill)” have been removed '

as (4) The overt acts alleged to have been performed by

persons other than those still named as co-conspir-

ators have been removed, including overt acts num:

bered 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 18, 19, 21 and 24;

(S) Count Three through Ten have been eliminated .

WM. MATTHEW BYRNE, JR.

United States Attorney

Respectfully submitted,

ROBERT L. MEYER

United States Attorney

Proposed Corrected Indictment 24.

DAVID R. NISSEN

Assistant United States Attorney

Chief, Criminal Division

/s/ GERALD F. UELMEN

Assistant United States Attorney

Attorneys for Plaintiff

United States of America

| Accompanying the aforesaid was an

affidavit of service showing service August

4, 1970 on Burton Marks and a corrected

Indictment reflecting the changes proposed

and indicating charges under 18 U.S.C. § 371

Conspiracy; 18 U.S.C. § 1084: Interstate

Transmission of Wagering Information;

18 U.S.C.82: Aiding and Abetting. |

APPLICATION FOR ORDER 25.

COMPELLING TESTIMONY

18 U.S.C. 82514

In the United States District Court, Central District of

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff, v. ROY D.

GARNER, Defendant.

No. 5356(WF)}-CD.

[FILED OCTOBER 29, 1970!

The United States of America hereby moves the Court

for an Order instructing CLARENCE A. “JACK” SWANK

to testify and produce evidence pursuant to the provisions

of Title 18, United States Code, Section 2514, and respect-

fully represents as follows:

1. CLARENCE A. “JACK” SWANK is appearing as

a witness in the above-captioned case, a trial on an indict-

ment charging violations of 18 U.S.C. § 1084 and conspiracy

to violate 18 U.S.C. §§ 224, 1084 and 1952.

2. This application is made in good faith, with the

approval of the Attorney General of the United States, by

the United States Attorney, in whose judgment the testimony

of CLARENCE A. “JACK” SWANK is necessary to the public

interest.

WHEREFORE, the United States of America requests

the Court to order CLARENCE A. “JACK” SWANK to

answer questions and produce evidence relating to all matters

pertinent to the pending trial, pursuant to the provisions of

Title 18, United States Code, Section 2514.

Respectfully submitted,

ROBERT L. MEYER

United States Attorney

Application for Order 26.

Compelling Testimony

DAVID R. NISSEN

Assistant U. S. Attorney

Chief, Criminal Division

/s/ GERALD F. UELMEN

Special Assistant U. S. Attorney

Attorneys for Plaintiff

United States of America

Affidavit of Robert L. Meyer

State of California )

) ss

County of Los Angeles)

ROBERT L. MEYER, being first sworn, deposes and

says:

1. Lam United States Attorney for the Central Dis-

trict of California.

2. This application is made in good faith with the

approval of the Attorney General of the United States.

3. In my judgment the testimony of CLARENCE A.

“JACK” SWANK sought is necessary to the public interest

and material to the case of United States v. Roy D. Garner,

No. 5356-(WF)-CD, presently in trial.

/s/ ROBERT L. MEYER

Notarized by Kathryn A. Clark

on the 28th day of October, 1970.

ORDER 27.

(Compelling Testimony of Clarence A. “Jack’’ Swank)

In the United States District Court, Central District of

California.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff, v. ROY D.

GARNER, Defendant.

No. 5356-4(WF)-CD.

[OCTOBER 29, 1970]

The United States of America, having made written and

oral dpplication for an Order compelling CLARENCE A. “JACK”

SWANK to testify and produce evidence in the trial of the above

case, pursuant to Title 18, United States Code, Section 2514;

and

CLARENCE A. “JACK” SWANK, having declined to ans-

wer questions by claiming his privilege against self-incrimina-

tion; and

The application for immunity having been approved by

the Attorney General of the United States and made by the

United States Attorney in whose judgment the testimony

sought is necessary to the public interest, it is

ORDERED that CLARENCE A. “JACK” SWANK

appear forthwith and testify and produce evidence with

respect to all matters under inquiry in said trial.

DATED: This 29 day of October, 1970.

/s/ WARREN A. FERGUSON

United States District Judge

JUDGMENT AND COMMITMENT 28,

Judgment and Commitment 29.

surety.

IT IS ORDERED that the Clerk deliver a certified

copy of this judgment and commitment to the United

States Marshal or other qualified officer and that the

copy serve as the commitment of the defendant.

In the United States District Court, for the Central

District of California.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. ROY D. GARNER

No. 5356-Criminal.

[FILED NOVEMBER 16, 1970}

On this 16th day of November, 1970, came the attorney

for the government and the defendant appeared in person and

by counsel, Burton Marks, Retained

IT IS ADJUDGED that the defendant upon his plea of

Not Guilty, and a verdict of Guilty, has been convicted of the

offense of Conspiracy, in violation of Title 18, United States

/s/ WARREN J. FERGUSON

United States District Judge

by: /s/ K. J. Murphy, Jr.,

Deputy Clerk

Code, Section 371, as charged in count one of the Indictment

in ten counts filed the 22nd day of January, 1970, and the

court having asked the defendant whether he has anything to

say why judgment should not be pronounced, and no sufficient

cause to the contrary being shown or appearing to the Court,

IT IS ADJUDGED that the defendant is guilty as charged

and convicted.

IT IS ADJUDGED that the defendant is hereby commit-

ted to the custody of the Attorney General or his authorized

NOTATION RE NINTH CIRCUIT

The majority and dissenting opinions of the Ninth

Circuit Court of Appeals appear in the Appendix for the

Petition for Writ of Certiorari as Exhibit “A.”

The Order denying the Petition for Rehearing

appears as Exhibit “B”’ to said petition.

representative for imprisonment for a period of Two (2) years

on count one.

IT IS ADJUDGED that the defendant shall become

eligible for parole at such time as the United States Board

of Parole shall determine as provided in Title 18, United States

Code, Section 4208 (a) (2).

IT IS ADJUDGED that the execution of sentence

herein is stayed until November 30, 1970 at 2:00 p.m., the

defendant’s bond exonerated upon his surrender or upon

posting an appeal bond in the amount of $10,000 00 personal

EXCERPTS FROM REPORTER’S TRANSCRIPT 30

[Page 59, line 3 - page 67, line 10}

I understand you have some motions on matters outside

the presence of the jury, Mr. Marks.

MR. MARKS; Yes, your Honor. | will try to be brief

The Court received the opposition that I have to the

introduction of certain telephone calls, and the Government’s

opposition

I would like to be heard in two respects. Number one:

I would like to orally argue in support of my position;

And secondly, I would like to suggest to the Court that

I think we are going to be able to arrive at a stipulation - -

well, let me give you my argument and then my suggestions.

As I see the thrust of Mr. Uelmen’s opposition to my

motion, which he deems a motion to suppress, and which I

suggest may be an objection to the introduction of the evi-

dence because it is not at all clear that a violation of Rule

605 would come within the purview of Rule 41 - - Section

605 would come within the purview of Rule 41 as a suppres-

sion motion.

Assuming that it does, or assuming that an objection to

the introduction of the evidence is [60] appropriate, |

suggest that it is obvious, not only from the Government’s

argument and the intended use that these communications

with various telephone records are going to be put together,

that they are expressly intended to divulge communications.

If my recollection is clear, Mr. Uelmen’s argument - -

I think it was around the time of the motions for judgment

of acquittal where he stated something to the effect that

the various communication lines on the chart, in fact spoke

Excerpts from Reporter’s Transcript 31

louder than words, they didn’t have to have the communica-

tions in there, that they expressed the words that were stated

between Party A and Party B on those telephone toll records

because the pattern itself divulged what the communication

was about, taken in consideration with all the other evidence.

Therefore it is the express intention of the Government

to use the telephone toll records as a communication, which

I think is prohibited.

Now, the basis for 605 - - and I think the fact that the

use of the telephone in and of itself - - is that you are suppos-

ed to have the right to privacy, a telephone I think, today

being within the purview of - - it is Government controlled,

it is a monopoly, it is a public utility, it bears the same status

as the mails.

A person has the right to assume that his [61] telephone

calls to wherever made will not be divulged except upon his

consent and permission. And he has that same right to

privacy in his own toll records as in fact the disclosure of

his information.

The fact that they were obtained here by subpoena

I think would be irrelevant unless the subpoena was backed

up by an affidavit in support of the subpoena, which would

be sufficient to establish probable cause for the existence of

a crime, in order to have the Government be able, either by

subpoena or otherwise, to take somebody’s private property

and utilize it.

So that essentially is my argument in opposition to

the Government’s opposition. I think that we are dealing

with an unlawful use of telephone records.

Now, it is my opinion that if there is a prima facie

illegality established, the possibility of a prima facie

Excerpts from Reporter’s Transcript 32.

illegality by the Government, then the burden is on the

Government - - not on the defendant - - to show that the

records which they have were lawfully obtained.

Now, as I understand the procedure, and I don’t know

whether Mr. Uelmen is willing to stipulate to this precisely

in this form, all of the telephone records were in fact original-

ly obtained through the use of grand jury subpoena, and were

not obtained otherwise.

However, the — as I understand it there was an [62] ex-

tended investigation with the grand jury mee*ing practically

every week and the Government presenting evidence with

respect to this investigation for almost a year before the

indictments issued

Now, during the course of the investigation - - I use the

words in quotes - - the Government secured the gvidence of

the toll records through grand jury subpoenas. They did

not —- I would be willing to venture a guess - - produce the

records at the time of the grand jury hearings for the grand

jury to hear the evidence, but rather they gathered the evi-

dence into their own investigatory staff through the use of

subpoenas and then drew the charts which they later pre-

sented here to the Court, and I believe probably to the grand

jury, at least a synopsis of what was contained in the records.

Now, in my opinion this would be an abuse of the grand

jury subpoena process in two respects:

Number one, I would suspect - - and I think that it is the

Weeks case that is the original case that dealt with subpoenas

as being searches and seizures - - in any case I doubt whether

the affidavits in support of the subpoenas were sufficient

under any theory. And even if they were sufficient that

the use of them was contrary to the intention of the statute

Excerpts from Reporter’s Transcript 33.

as to the manner in which they could be used.

In other words, they could only be used to [63] present

to a Court or a grand jury, which is an arm of the Court, but

not used as a method of obtaining investigatory leads by the

Government, unless there has in fact been a compliance with

the general rules of search and seizure to obtain the records.

So I wanted to suggest to the Court that we may be

able to arrive at a stipulation as to how the records were

obtained and how they were used.

I would like to have a ruling from the Court as to

whether or not, assuming we can’t arrive at a stipulation, as

to whether or not the Government has the burden, or the

defense has the burden of showing that there was an unlawful-

ly obtained telephone record in violation of Section 605, and

that therefore all of the proceedings flowing from that are

tainted, and as such there has been no attenuation of the

taint, and it would not be admissible in evidence.

What I am asking is that the Court first establish whether

or not we have - - first make a ruling as to whether or not

they can use the toll records obtained, I believe in violation

of 605.

Secondly, if there isn’t that direct violation as to whether

or not the Government has the burden of showing that they

were produced lawfully, if the defense has such a burden, can

we have, during the course of the trial or sometime before the

trial, a definitive ruling by the Court [64] as to whether or

not these toll records can be used.

I also have the final argument, and that is that under the

authority of the case called State versus Timms, 9, Ohio 2nd,

which is a Supreme Court of Ohio, I think I cited it to the

Court once before, the Ohio Supreme Court held that the

Excerpts from Reporter’s Transcript 34

busines records exceptions to the hearsay rule is a denial of

confrontation of witnesses

And the Government is, in this instance, trying to

establish that business records of the telephone company

are somehow admissible to prove the truth of a particular

conversation, or the existence of some type of communica-

tion.

And if they are taking that position, which I believe

they are, then the records themselves are an attempt to

establish a fact which is hearsay, and as I say, we have no

way to examine the person who actually made the records,

or the machine, and therefore they would not be admissible

under that alternative theory

I think that - - I don’t know whether I have made

myself clear, your Honor

THE COURT: Just don’t repeat it.

MR. MARKS: I won't.

THE COURT: Mr. Uelmen?

MR UELMEN: Your Honor, with respect to the first

point of who bears the burden of proof, I believe the law is

quite clear, I think the moving party on a motion to [65]

suppress does bear the burden of initially showing the illeg-

ality in the acquisition of the evidence.

And a recent case dealt precisely with that point in a

motion where a similar argument was being made with

respect to telephone toll records is the Tenth Circuit Nolan

case, which we have cited in our memorandum, and which

holds directly that the burden is on the moving party.

However, we have offered to stipulate with Mr. Marks

that the method by which these particular records were

acquired, telephone toll records were acquired was by

Excerpts from Reporter’s Transcript 35

means of a subpoena to produce the records before the grand

jury, at which time the records were produced.

Our basic position is that, first of all, Section 605 has

no application whatsoever to telephone toll records because

they are simply not communications that Section 605 was

designed to protect.

That is the approach taken by the Second Circuit case

of Covella which holds in essence that Section 605, inter-

preted in a common sense manner, has nothing to do with

toll records kept in the ordinary course of business, because

this is not the interception of a communication.

And if it is not a communication at the time it was

intercepted, and the record is kept by the telephone com-

pany, it does not then, and is not going to become a com-

munication because of the use to which the record was put

[66] by the Government

There is simply no general right to privacy as to

records that are kept in the ordinary course of any busi-

ness, bank records or anything else are subject to the

subpoena powers of the court.

We would also alternatively argue that even if we

were to say that Section 605 does apply to telephone toll rec-

ords, that the means of acquisition of these records come

within the exception recognized in Section 605 whereby

those engaged in receiving and transmitting records or com-

munications can divulge them pursuant to a lawful subpoena

And finally with respect to the Ohio versus Timms case,

your Honor, of course that has no application to the Federal

Business Records Act which still recognizes the hearsay

exception in Federal Courts for records kept in the ordinary

course of business.

Excerpts from Reporter’s Transcript 36.

There were at least three cases from three different

circuits that have come down within the past year, all of

which have rejected all of the arguments that are being

made by counsel today.

THE COURT: All right

MR. MARKS: Suomitted

THE COURT: I <hink the Government’s position is

the correct one, Mr. Marks.

I feel that as a result of the memoranda which [67]

have been furnished the Court by both sides and the result

of the arguments, that the law is that business toll records

from the telephone companies are not within the prohib-

ition contained in 605. And further that, even if it were,

the subpoena powers of this Court would exempt the pro-

hibition from 605

Insofar as the Federal Government rule on the ad-

missibility of the business records violates the confronta-

tion clause of the Bill of Rights, the cases are legion on

that.

The motion will be denied

[Page 248, line 24 - page 264, line 16)

BY MR. UELMEN:

Q Now Mr. Foote, during the - - does the Horse [249]

Racing Board also maintain any records of the results of

horse races?

A Yes, we do.

Q All right. In what form are these records kept?

~

Excerpts from Reporter’s Transcript 37

A The chart books of the Triangle Publications.

They are - - during each race, and maybe thereafter - -

racing charts, performance charts are made of every race.

And they are published in the Daily Racing Form, which is

recognized as the official record keeping publishing house

for racing in the United States.

MR MARKS: Objection, move to strike the last

statement of the witness as outside of his expertise and

hearsay, that it is recognized as the official - -

THE COURT: On what facts do you base that

statement, Mr. Foote?

THE WITNESS: It is a matter of regulations in the

State of California that it is recognized. And it is recog-

nized, to my knowledge, by the National Association of

State Racing Commissioners, which is the Association made

up of the appointed racing commissioners of every state,

every racing state in the United States and the provinces

of Canada that do have racing, Puerto Rico and Mexico.

THE COURT: Your objection - - excuse me

MR MARKS: I move to strike the answer of the

witness as relating hearsay as far as the regulations of the

[250] State of California are concerned. | don’t believe

any such exists, at least not to my knowledge

And therefore the witness is testifying from know-

ledge which 1s not his own

THE COURT: The objection will be overruled. The

motion will be denied

BY MR. UELMEN:

Q_ Now, sir, do these official records of the races

indicate all of the horses that were entered in a particular

Excerpts from Reporter’s Transcript 38.

race?

A No, no, they don’t indicate that. They would

indicate all those that had been entered and whose starting

was obligatory.

Q_ Now, | will ask you when starting becomes

obligatory after a horse is entered in a race?

A After that time which is known as scratch time,

or declaration time, which is established by the Racing

Association. It is usually in the morning of the day the

horse is to race.

Q Now, the Racing Association is something

different than the Horse Racing Board, is it not?

A Yé@s, it is.

Q What is the Racing Association?

A The Racing Association can be a governmental

[251] entity, such as a County Fair or a private associa-

tion which is licensed by the California Horse Racing

Board to conduct a race meeting at a certain period of

time at a certain location.

Q Now, are the charts that you referred to

records kept in the ordinary course of the business of

the Horse Racing Board?

A Yes.

MR. MARKS: Your Honor, I will object to the

question and move to strike the answer for the purpose

of objecting, on the grounds that this witness is not

qualified to give that answer.

He is a law enforcement officer, not a keeper of

records, and is not qualified to answer such a question.

And the question calls for hearsay and is a con-

clusion of the witness.

Excerpt from Reporter’s Transcript 39.

THE COURT: Your objection, if it is proper, goes only

to weight, Mr. Marks. I will permit you to ask the witness

all the questions you want on cross-examination.

MR. MARKS: Yes, sir.

MR. UELMEN: May the witness be handed Exhibits 1-A

through 1-G.

(Documents marked Plaintiff's Exhibits 1-A

through 1-G for identification.)

(The exhibits were placed before the witness.)

[252]

BY MR. UELMEN:

Q__ Now, you have before you, Mr. Foote, what have

been marked as Exhibits 1-A to 1-G. I will ask you if all of

these exhibits contain charts which have been excised from

the official chart books kept in the ordinary course of business

of the Horse Racing Board?

MR. MARKS: Object to the question as calling for a

conclusion of the witness, without any foundation as to how

the records were brought, and whether he knows of their

excision.

THE COURT: Overruled.

THE WITNESS: Yes, they are

BY MR. UELMEN:

Q Now, the exhibits are arranged according to

particular horses, Mr. Foote. Have you had occasion to

compare the exhibits with the chart books to insure that

the exhibits contain all of the races in which each particular

horse ran during a given period?

A Yes, I have had that opportunity.

Q_ Allright. Let’s start with Exhibit 1-A.

Excerpts from Reporter’s Transcript 40.

A All right.

Q Could you tell us if Exhibit 1-A contains charts

for all of the races in which Sole Support was officially

entered during the years 1967 through 1969? [253]

A Yes.

Q With respect to 1-B, could you tell us if this

exhibit contains charts of all the races in which the horse

Box of Buttons was officially entered during the years

1967 through 1969?

A Yes.

Q__ And with respect to Exhibit 1-C, does that con-

tain all of the charts of all of the races in which Mr. Fourway

was entered officially during the same years?

A Yes.

Q And would the same be true with respect to the

horse Deerwood Duke in Exhibit 1-D?

A Yes.

Q And with respect to the horse Maretazo II in

Exhibit 1-E?

A Yes.

Q And with respect to the horse King Kildare in

Exhibit 1-F?

A Yes.

Q_._ And finally, with respect to the horse Prize

Candy in Exhibit 1-G?

A Yes.

MR. MARKS: Your Honor, may I have the name of

that horse in Exhibit D?

THE COURT: D is Deerwood Duke. [254]

MR. MARKS: Thank you.

MR. UELMEN: Your Honor, at this time we would

eee

Excerpts from Reporter’s Transcript 41.

move the admission in evidence of Exhibits 1-A through 1—G.

THE COURT: If you will reserve your motion until the

conclusion of cross-examination, or redirect examination, Mr.

Uelmen.

MR. UELMEN: Yes, sir.

Q Now Mr. Foote, I am going to ask you to explain

what information is contained on the official charts of a race.

Your Honor, to facilitate this explanation I have made

copies of the chart of one particular race for distribution to

the jury.

THE COURT: Well, you can ask the questions on

voir dire before that is done then, Mr. Marks.

MR. MARKS: Thank you. May I ask them now?

THE COURT: Certainly.

VOIR DIRE EXAMINATION

BY MR. MARKS:

Q_ Mr. Foote, is there some person who reports a

race as it goes along, which eventually arrives at a chart

which you have there?

A _ Several, yes.

Q And how many people? [255]

A Twelve, I would say, at a thoroughbred meeting.

Q__ And do the twelve people who report this race

get together and arrive at a general conclusion as to what

information they are going to put into a particular racing

form, is that correct, sir?

A No, no.

Q Who makes the decision as to what goes into the

racing form?

A The employee of the Daily Racing Form who is

Excerpts from Reporter’s Transcript 42.

assigned to the race track

Q And that person is not a member of the Horse

Racing Board, is he?

A No, he is not.

Q Andhe is not paid by the State to do this, is he?

A No, sir.

Q And the records that he makes are not records

of the State Racing Board, or any other racing association,

is that correct?

A Those particular records are not, no.

Q And those are the records from which the form

is acquired?

A No, sir -- well, those are the basic records, yes,

sir.

Q And whatever is in those basic records prepared

[256] by the employee of the Daily Racing Form really

are an expression of his opinion as to what happened at a

particular race, isn’t that correct?

A I find that hard to answer. No, I wouldn’t say - -

Q Well, --

A It is a matter of opinion.

Q_ Well, there is, for instance, a racing form that

shows how many lengths a horse was behind the winner.

And lengths means a horse’s length, isn’t that right?

The length of a horse?

A Yes.

Q Allright. Are those lengths measured while

the horses are running, or is it somebody expressing an

opinion as to the distance?

A They are measured.

Q By whom?

Excerpts from Reporter’s Transcript 43.

A By anumber of things The electronic timing

at the finish line, the multiple photographs that are made,

photographs of the photo finish, in addition to the movie

camera or the closed circuit TV, which is on video tape.

And then these are reviewed before this is finalized.

In addition the clocker makes notes as to where - -

they have up to three clockers that clock the horses in

[257] various positions.

I wouldn’t say it is one man’s opinion - -

Q_ Well --

A It isa collection of facts - -

Q_ Well, it is the Daily Racing Form’s man’s

collection of whatever facts these other persons have

put together during the course of a race, is that right?

A _ Yes, certainly.

Q__ And the Horse Racing Board takes the Daily

Racing Form, which is a private enterprise, and puts that

into chart books, is that correct?

A No. We don’t publish them, no. It is published

by the Triangle Publications.

Q Which is a private enterprise?

A Yes.

Q__ And you purchase the publications, don’t you?

A Just like law books, we purchase racing forms,

Q All right. What regulation of the State of

California says that the Daily Racing Form is the official

publication and books and records of the California Horse

Racing Association?

A You mean a Section in the -

Q_ Yes.

Excerpts from Reporter’s Transcript 44

California Administrative Code? [258]

Yes.

No, there is none in the - -

There is none, isn’t that correct?

That is correct.

And there is none by statute?

No, there is none by statute.

And the only reason that the California Horse

Racing Association has these particular chart books is

because it helps them in the course of some of their busi-

ness, correct?

A No, we have to buy them. We order them

pursuant to an order of the Board.

Q___ But the Board makes the order, not by any

statute, does it? There is no statute that says that they

must order these books, is that right?

A No, no.

Q__ And there is no regulation that says they must

order these books, is that right?

A Idon’t--

Qs There is none that you know of?

A No, there is no California Administrative Code

regulation, that’s right.

Q__ So the Board - - all the Board does is authorize

the payment of money for the purchase of the books

which you feel are of convenience to the Horse Racing

Association, [259] isn’t that right;

A Well--

Qs This is very valuable information in these chart

books, isn’t that right?

A Absolutely. They are very accurate. That is

why we keep them.

OPrO FH FH PS

Excerpts from the Reporter’s Transcript 4S.

Qs That’s right. But they are not books and records

kept in the business of the California Horse Racing Associa-

tion, are they?

A We keep those in the normal course of our business.

Qs They are purchased, are they not?

A Yes, sir.

Q And they are not kept by the California Horse

Racing Association, is that not correct? They are kept by

the Triangle Publications and purchased by the Cal:fornia

Horse Racing Association, is not that true?

A No. You are mixing your terms, sir.

Q Which employee of the California Board - - what

is the official name?

A California Horse Racing Board.

Q Yes. Which official of the California Horse Racing

Board keeps and maintains the records of the chart books?

A Ido.

You prepare them? [260]

No, I keep the records of them.

You purchase them and put them in your office?

Yes, certainly.

MR. MARKS: I have nothing further, your Honor.

I will object to the admission of any chart books or

forms as not being any official business records.

THE COURT: Mr. Uelmen.

> OP?”

DIRECT EXAMINATION (CONTINUED)

BY MR. UELMEN:

Q_ Mr. Foote, is California Horse Racing Board

authorized by statute to promulgate its own regulations?

A_ Yes, it is.

Excerpts from Reporter’s Transcript 46.

Q_ Allright. Does that authority include the authority

to recognize what records will be official records of the Board?

A Yes, it does.

MR. MARKS: I object to that as calling for a conclusion

of the witness.

THE COURT: Overruled.

BY MR. UELMEN:

Q_ Now, in exercising this delegated authority has the

Horse Racing Board given any official recognition to the

records maintained by the Daily Racing Form as [261] official

records?

MR. MARKS: Objection, calls for a conclusion of this

witness and not authorized by his position with the Board.

THE COURT: Overruled.

THE WITNESS: Yes, they have.

MR. UELMEN: Yuur Honor, again | will move the

admission of these exhibits.

The Federal Business Records Act does not require

that the person compiling the records be on the payroll of

the organization that maintains the records. This is a

function that can be delegated by contract, as long as they

have the official sanction of the Horse Racing Board they

are official records of that body.

MR. MARKS: May I ask a couple more questions, your

Honor.

THE COURT: Certainly, Mr. Marks.

VOIR DIRE EXAMINATION

BY MR. MARKS:

Q What official regulation authorizes these chart

—~ ere

Excerpts from Reporter’s Transcript 47.

books as being the official chart books of the California

Horse Racing Board?

A I can’t think of any particular regulation which

says that the Daily Racing Form is the one and only [262]

chart book, except that all the conditions for a race are

promulgated upon past performances.

And the Board recognizes officially, by Board order,

that the Daily Racing Form is the only recognized authority

for this, except when the horse is foreign bred.

Q___— Do you have that Board order?

A I can certainly obtain it. I don’t have it with me,

no.

MR. MARKS: Could we, your Honor, defer a ruling,

if it becomes important as to the opinion - -

THE COURT: I don’t think so, Mr. Marks.

Any other questions?

MR. MARKS: Your Honor, I would state very briefly

now that to me this is like the purchasing of a novel from

a book store and saying that that is the authority upon

which we base our - -

THE COURT: You can draw a better analogy than

that, for heaven sakes.

MR. MARKS: Buying a newspaper and saying that

the charts in the daily newspaper are the official - -

THE COURT: How about the Congressional Record.

MR. MARKS: That, I understand, can be changed

if the congressmen want it changed.

THE COURT: All right. Any claim that these

charts are not trustworthy and accurate? [263]

MR. MARKS: Absolutely, your Honor.

THE COURT: Your evidence in that regard?

Excerpts from Reporter’s Transcript 48.

MR. MARKS: That the charts are a compilation - -

THE COURT: Your evidence, evidence that these charts

are not accurate and correct, are not trustworthy.

MR. MARKS: I have - -

THE COURT: Do you have any evidence to show that

these charts kept by the California Horse Racing Board and

obtained from Triangle Publications are not trustworthy?

MR. MARKS: Not at this time

THE COURT: All right.

MR. MARKS: Although I may have - -

THE COURT: All right. The motion will be overruled.

Exhibits 1-A, B, C, D, E, F, and G will be received in

evidence.

(Plaintiff's Exhibit 1-A through G for iden-

tification were received in evidence.)

MR. MARKS: May I have the motion to strike reserved?

THE COURT: Any time you can bring any evidence,

Mr. Marks, the Court will certainly permit you to.

MR. MARKS: Thank you.

THE COURT: But don’t bring any novels in. [264]

DIRECT EXAMINATION (CONTINUED)

BY MR. UELMEN:

Q May the copies of the twelfth race on September

25, 1968, contained in Exhibit 1-D be distributed to the jury?

THE COURT: Yes. Mr. Largen.

(Whereupon the exhibits were handed to the jurors.)

MR. MARKS: Your Honor, just briefly for the record

only, I would like to show that the objection also includes

the objection to the business records exception to the hear-

say rule, if that is the basis upon which these are admitted,

OS ee

Excerpts from Reporter’s Transcript 49.

which is a denial of confrontation of witnesses.

THE COURT: Yes. I think your objection clearly

shows that.

MR. MARKS: Yes.

[Page 420, line 18 - page 423, line 4]

MR. MARKS: Your Honor, on behalf of Mr. Garner

I would like to first offer a stipulation, your Honor.

It is stipulated between counsel, for the purpose of

my particular motion, that at the previous trial, prior to the

commencement of the trial, Mr. Garner, through his counsel,

made a motion for severance from Defendant Swank.

Said motion was opposed by the Government and [421]

said motion was denied by the Court.

Is that so stipulated?

MR. UELMEN: So stipulated.

MR. MARKS: On the basis of that action by the Govern-

ment, which prevented Mr. Garner from having access to the

testimony of Mr. Swank, through the use of the subpoena

powers or otherwise, Mr. Swank, for the record having

declined to testify in his own behalf, I ask that the Court

invoke its own supervisorial powers and deny the Government

the right to now call Mr. Swank.

THE COURT: You are going to have to educate me as

to your motion.

MR. MARKS: My motion - -

THE COURT: Because I don’t understand it.

MR. MARKS: My motion - -

Excerpts from Reporter’s Transcript 50.

THE COURT: Are you saying that because there wasn’t

a severance in another trial the Government can’t produce a

witness at this trial?

MR. MARKS: Cannot produce a witness which they,

through their own chicanery, if you want to use that word,

have denied Mr. Garner the right to the access of a witness.

Now, I will explain the proposition. Mr. Swank was a

co-defendant. He was an alleged co-conspirator at that trial.

He had an absolute right not to testify

Mr. Garner could not obtain the testimony of [422]

Mr. Swank - -

THE COURT: I am not talking about that trial. That

trial is a nonentity, isn’t it?

MR. MARKS: The Government, in its opposition to

the motion to sever - - if there had been a severance and

Mr. Garner could have probably secured the testimony of

Mr. Swank, that it was not to be used against him in any

other proceeding, so that Mr. Garner could have the oppor-

tunity of a defense.

THE COURT: Oh, all right. I understand your

motion now.

MR. MARKS: All right. Now, I say that the Govern-

ment is estopped by its own desire to prevent Mr. Garner

from having a witness at an earlier trial, from using this

immunity type of doctrine, which is statutorially author-

ized, to produce the witness at a later time against Mr.

Garner.

And since they produced the situation they cannot

benefit by it, and the Court, as I say, under its own

supervisorial powers and under just a question of due

process of law, and I would say under the combined doctrine

Excerpts from Reporter’s Transcript 51.

of Bruton and Green, they don’t have the right to call this

witness.

THE COURT: Mr. Uelmen. [423]

MR. UELMEN: I have to confess I don’t quite under-

stand Mr. Marks’ motion.

THE COURT: All right. The motion will be denied.

[Page 1201, line 8 - page 1209, line 18]

DIRECT EXAMINATION (of Roy Garner)

BY MR. MARKS:

Q Mr. Garner - - may the witness have Exhibit 19?

THE COURT: Mr. Murphy.

(The exhibit was placed before the witness. )

BY MR. MARKS:

Q_ Mr. Garner, do you file income tax records every

year?

A Ido.

Q Did you file one in - - is that for 1968?

A 1967.

Q You filed that in 1968, is that correct?

A Yes.

Q Now, before you filed that, signed and filed that

particular report with the Federal Government, did you have

any knowledge or understanding in your mind as to whether

or not those records were confidential or whether they cou!d

be used in court? [1202]

Excerpts from Reporter’s Transcript 52

A I believed them to be confidential. I had been

advised that they were by an attorney.

Q And is that the reason that you did file it?

A Yes.

MR. MARKS: Cross examine

THE COURT: Mr. Uelmen

CROSS EXAMINATION

BY MR. UELMEN:

Q Mr. Garner, what attorney advised you that they

were confidential?

A Larry Thorne.

Q When did he give you that advice?

A Larry Thorne has been my family attorney for

years. I couldn’t tell you the specific time, sometime

before I filed, the first time I filed showing gambling

income on an income tax return

Q Now, did Mr. Thorne tell you that they were

absolutely inviolable, that the confidentiality of them

could never be uncovered for any reason?

A That was his opinion.

MR. UELMEN: Nothing further.

THE COURT: Mr. Marks.

MR. MARKS: That is all I have.

THE COURT: You may step down, Mr. Garner.

(Witness excused.) [1203]

MR. MARKS: And in further objection to the

introduction of the records, your Honor, I would offer the

argument - - and I think it was presented by Mr. Saltzman

and Mr. Winsberg in the earlier case - - with respect to the

fact that apparently a presidential directive must be had

Excerpts from Reporter’s Transcript 53.

in order to have income tax records opened and divulged.

So I would object, your Honor, on the grounds |

believe it is the Haines, Grosso and Marquette cases, and

there is one later case about income tax records where the

Supreme Court - - if I recall it - - the Supreme Court said

they couldn’t use the privilege against self incrimination

to file false income tax reports, but the implication of

that case - - and I can’t remember the name of it - - but

the implication of that case certainly is that it could not

be used if the only cause of using the report was to

incriminate the person in some way for the fact of filing.

THE COURT: Mr. Uelmen.

MR. UELMEN: Your Honor, the confidentiality of

income tax returns and the circumstances under which

they can be disclosed is a matter of law promulgated by

Congress and promulgated by the Secretary of the Treasury

under statutes enacted by Congress.

If an individual’s erroneous belief as to what the law

is were held to create some privilege that did not normally

exist, of course any effort to regulate this con- [1204]

fidentiality by Congress would be frustrating. We could

have the situation of someone saying, somebody told me

that police officers can’t come into my apartment, therefore

any contraband that was discovered in my apartment should

be suppressed because I thought I had an absolute privilege

of secrecy in my apartment. That simply isn’t the law.

The law has spoken as to under what circumstances

these income tax returns can be divulged. And it is quite

clear it is not an absolute privilege of confidentiality.

Within the Internal Revenue Code there is authoriza-

tion for the Secretary of the Treasury to promulgate

Excerpts from Reporter’s Transcript 54.

regulations as to when income tax returns can be disclosed.

That regulation has been promulgated in Title 26 of the

Code of Federal Regulations, Section 458.204. There has

been full compliance with this provision of the Code of

Federal Regulations.

At the time of the Motion to Suppress the income tax

returns in the last trial we made the record, or the letter

requesting release of these returns a matter of record as an

exhibit in the case. And it indicates full compliance with

all of these statutes and regulations

THE COURT: What exhibit would that be, Mr

Murphy?

MR. UELMEN: I think Mr. Murphy will have the [1205]

answer to that.

THE COURT: Where would it be now, that exhibit?

MR. UELMEN: The exhibits have been retained in the

clerk’s office, so it would still be here, your Honor.

MR. MARKS: Your Honor.

THE COURT: Yes.

MR. MARKS: I have one observation. As I understand

the case - - and I am challenging the validity of the regulation

-- the Supreme Court, in my understanding, has said there

are times when the Government can impose or overcome

certain privileges where they can show a particularized need

for having the information.

The only need or use that the Government has to

reveal the contents of an otherwise confidential memoran-

dum in this case is the need to try and use it as evidence

against the defendant, which is not the type of need that

the Supreme Court was indicating

If the Government, in the course of function of its

Excerpts from Reporter’s Transcript 55.

business may have a need to disclose records for the purpose

of statistics, or bringing out some fact, but not, it can’t say

it has a need to convict a person by overcoming his privilege

against self incrimination, because this is compelled testimony.

The Government requires that a person file an income tax

return. And failure to do so [1206] is a crime.

THE COURT: All right.

We will take our recess now. Mr. Murphy, if you can

obtain that exhibit that was entered, introduced in the prior

trial, then Mr. Uelmen, if you and Mr. Marks can get together

with Mr. Stefanak concerning the telephone information con-

cerning Mr. Long - - and how many witnesses would you have,

Mr. Marks?

MR. MARKS: There would be four or five short wit-

nesses, your Honor. But none of them are here.

THE COURT: None are here?

MR. MARKS: Because of some miscalculations as to

the type of testimony and what was going to - -

THE COURT: All right. We can spend the rest of the

day settling instructions and maybe hearing the motions.

MR. MARKS: I do have a motion that I am thinking

about, your Honor.

THE COURT: All right. We will take a recess and then

when you are ready let Mr. Murphy know and we will resume

outside the presence of the jury, first of all.

(Short recess.)

THE CGURT: Mr. Marks.

(Whereupon the following proceedings were had in open

court but outside the presence and hearing of the jury:) [1207]

MR. MARKS: Are we here now with respect to Mr. Stef-

anak’s testimony, your Honor?

Excerpts from Reporter’s Transcript 56.

THE COURT: Mr. Stefanak and also the income tax

return, Mr. Marks.

MR. MARKS: Yes, sir.

I understand they cannot find the Exhibit 55, your

Honor.

I object to the introduction or receipt of the exhibit

for the reasons stated to the Court, the objections to the

Court.

THE COURT: Mr. Murphy handed me a Xerox copy

of a Fifth Circuit case and said that you gave it to him.

MR. MARKS: That is for my Motion for Judgment

of Acquittal, your Honor.

THE COURT: Well, that case says that Grimes, who was

the appellant, contends that the introduction - - this is on

Page 796 of 79 Fed. Reporter 2d, “Grimes, the appellant,

contends that the introduction of his 1960 income tax

return in which he stated his business was gambling violated

his Fifth Amendment rights. We believe this contention to

be without merit.”

MR. MARKS: I believe that case is before the Supreme

Court, your Honor, and the other ones I cited.

THE COURT: All right.

MR. MARKS: The case there was cited with par- [1208]

ticular respect to Count Two and the telephone calls.

THE COURT: All right.

MR. MARKS: Which is more in point.

THE COURT: All right. Mr. Uelmen.

MR. UELMEN: Your Honor, with respect to Exhibit 55,

I have been informed that - -

THE COURT: This is 55 of the first trial?

MR. UELMEN: Of the first trial; 1 have been informed

Excerpts from Reporter’s Transcript 57

that the clerk has misplaced this with a number of other

exhibits that were not admitted into evidence, but were

marked for identification in the course of the trial.

I have located the transcript reference, however, at

Page 2290 of the transcript of the first trial, February 18, 1970,

when the letter was marked and admitted and there was refer-

ence to the fact in the transcript that the letter indicated that

the Government had written to the Internal Revenue Service

in compliance with Section 6103 of the Internal Revenue Code.

If the Court deems it necessary I can inquire of the

Internal Revenue Service whether they have the original of

the letter still on file. I am sure what was marked as an exhibit

was a carbon copy of the letter from our file.

The Supreme Court last addressed itself to the problem

of the admissibility of income tax returns for the purpose for

which we are offering them in the case of United [1209]

States v. Sullivan, almost 50 years ago.

THE COURT: I don’t think I need any argument on

the law, Mr. Uelmen.

MR. UELMEN: I just wanted to point out that even

after Grimes and Marquette the Court distinguished Sullivan

and indicated that was still the law.

THE COURT: The Court having presided at the previous

trial in which Exhibit No. 55 was received for the purpose

of laying a foundation for the introduction of the income

tax returns of Mr. Garner in that trial, the Court will take

judicial knowledge of all of the proceedings which took place

in the prior trial in that regard.

There is no contention, is there, Mr. Marks, that Exhibit

19 is not the tax returns of Mr. Garner?

MR. MARKS: No.

THE COURT: All right. The objection will be overruled.

Excerpts from Reporter’s Transcript 58.

19 will be received in evidence.

[Page 1365, line 9 - page 1366, line 12]

All right. We know Swank was getting the horses

from another source. We know that Mr. Garner was aware

of this arrangement between Mr. Swank and Mr. Lawler.

And we also know something else about Mr. Garner.

We know Mr. Garner was himself in the business of betting

and wagering. That is Mr. Garner’s business.

We know that because Exhibit 19 is in evidence. And

Exhibit 19, which you will see in the jury room, is income

tax return which Mr. Garner filed with the Federal govern-

ment for the years 1965, 1966 and ’67.

You will see from these tax returns that in 1965, for

example, Mr. Garner listed as his occupation on the tax

return “Professional Gambler,” self-employed; that he

reported a total income for that year of approximately

$8,200.00, of which $8,020.00 was derived from wagering

income.

You will see for the year 1966 that Mr. Garner [1366]

reported a total income of $22,000.00, all of which was

derived from wagering income.

We will note that in 1967 Mr. Garner declared an

income from wagering in excess of $25,000.00, reporting

a loss on his horse racing ventures, his ownership of race

horses, of approximately $12,500.00, and a total income

of $12,500.00.

So we know Mr. Garner himself was no stranger to the

Excerpts from Reporter’s Transcript 59

business of wagering and gambling.

Now, how do we go beyond this to show that Mr

Garner was the source from which Mr. Swank was getting

the horses he was betting?

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Appendix — Garner v. United States · 424 U.S. 648 | Frix