Petition for Writ of Certiorari — Garcia Glen White, Petitioner v. Texas

Supreme Court briefSep 27, 2024

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NO. __________________

IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES

GARCIA GLENN WHITE,

Petitioner,

VS.

THE STATE OF TEXAS,

Respondent

PETITION FOR A WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO

THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TEXAS

THIS IS A CAPITAL CASE.

EXECUTION IS SET FOR TUESDAY, OCTOBER 1, 2024

Attorneys for Garcia Glen White

Patrick F. McCann

Law Offices of Patrick F. McCann

700 Louisiana, Ste. 3950

Houston, Texas 77002

(832) 390-2731

SBN: 00792680

FBN: 18807

Julia Bella

The Law Office of Julia Bella, PLLC

503 FM 359, Ste. 130

Richmond, Texas 77406

(832) 757-9799

SBN: 24035099

David Michael Ryan

David Michael Ryan & Associates

6161 Savoy Dr., #1116

Houston, Texas 77036

(832) 283-5341

*Supreme Court Bar No. 257298

SBN:00786412

FBN: 16334

QUESTIONS PRESENTED

1) Do Articles 11.073 and 11.071, Sec. 5 (a)(3) of the Texas Code of Criminal

Procedure create a due process problem because the statutes, as

interpreted by the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, prevent the

presentation or development of evidence that might change a death

sentence?

2) Is Texas still refusing to permit petitioners from developing valid medical

evidence of intellectual disability under Texas Code of Criminal

Procedure article 11.071 in violation of this Court’s rulings in Moore v.

Texas I and Moore v. Texas II, the Eighth Amendment, and the

Fourteenth Amendment?

3) Did the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals create a new “weighing”

scheme for death penalty sentencing when it issued its opinion in Ex parte

Andrus in defiance of this Court’s order on remand in Andrus v. Texas?

And if so, should petitioner be allowed a new review of sentence under

this new standard?

LIST OF PARTIES

A list of all parties to the proceeding in the court whose judgment is the

subject of this petition is as follows:

PETITIONER:

RESPONDENT:

Garcia Glenn White

TDCJ # 999205

Allan B. Polunsky Unit

3872 FM 350 South

Livingston, TX 77351

State of Texas

Office of the Attorney General

Attorney of Record for Petitioner:

Jefferson (Jay) Clendenin

Assistant Attorney General

Lead Counsel

P.O. Box 12548

Capitol Station

Austin, Texas 78711

(512) 936-1400

Ken Paxton

Attorney General of Texas

Patrick F. McCann

Law Offices of Patrick F. McCann

700 Louisiana, Ste 3950

Houston, Texas 77002

Tel: (832) 390-2731

writlawyer@outlook.com

Harris County District Attorney

Kimbra Ogg

District Attorney

Julia Bella

503 FM 359, Ste. 130

Richmond, Texas 77406

Tel: (832) 757-9799

julia@jbellalaw.com

Josh Reiss

Assistant District Attorney

1201 Franklin St., 6th Floor

Houston, Texas 77002

(713) 274-5800

David Ryan

6161 Savoy Dr., #1116

Houston, Texas 77036

Tel: (832) 283-5341

davidmryanesq@gmail.com

*Member of the Supreme Court Bar

RELATED CASES

1. State of Texas v. Garcia Glenn White

Cause No. 072384701010

180th District Court of Harris County, Texas (trial)

2. Garcia Glenn White v. State of Texas

Cause No. AP – 72, 580

Texas Court of Criminal Appeals (direct appeal, affirmed)

3. Ex parte Garcia Glenn White

Cause No. WR-48,152-01

Texas Court of Criminal Appeals (Relief denied 02/21/2001)

Cause No. WR-48,152-02

Texas Court of Criminal Appeals (Dismissed 04/22/2002)

Cause No. WR-48,152-03

Texas Court of Criminal Appeals (Dismissed 05/05/2009)

Cause No. WR-48,152-04

Texas Court of Criminal Appeals (Dismissed as abuse of the writ 05/06/2009)

Cause Nos. WR-48,152-05 – WR-48,152-07

Texas Court of Criminal Appeals (Leave to file denied, 01/08/2015)

Cause No. WR-48,152-08

Texas Court of Criminal Appeals (stay of execution granted, briefing ordered,

relief denied -- Ex parte White, 506 S.W.3d 39 (Tex. Crim. App. 2016).

Cause No. WR-48,152-09

Texas Court of Criminal Appeals (dismissed as abuse of the writ 09/18/2024)*

Cause No. WR-48,152-10 & 11

Texas Court of Criminal Appeals (Leave to file denied, 09/25/2024)

4. White v. Thaler

Cause No. 04:02-CV-01805

Southern District of Texas (relief denied 09/30/2011)

5. White v. Lumpkin

Cause Nos. 24-70005 & 24-20428

5th Circuit Court of Appeals (currently pending)

6. White v. Abbott, et. al,

Cause No. 1:24-CV-01136-DII

Western District of Texas

*WR-48,152-09 is the judgment the subject of this petition for writ of certiorari

TABLE OF CONTENTS

QUESTIONS PRESENTED ......................................................................................1

LIST OF PARTIES ....................................................................................................2

RELATED PROCEEDINGS .....................................................................................4

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES .....................................................................................7

OPINIONS BELOW ..................................................................................................9

JURISDICITON ........................................................................................................9

CONSTITUTIONAL AND STATUTORY PROVISIONS INVOLVED ................ 9

STATEMENT OF THE CASE ...............................................................................12

REASONS FOR GRANTING THE WRIT ............................................................14

CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................22

INDEX TO APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

Ex parte White, No. WR-48,152-09, Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas

APPENDIX B

Petitioner’s 6th subsequent application for writ of habeas corpus

APPENDIX C

Ex parte White, 506 S.W.3d 39 (Tex. Crim. App. 2015).

TABLE OF AUTHORITIES CITED

Federal Cases

Andrus v. Texas, 140 S. Ct. 1875 (2020) .................................................................13

Andrus v. Texas, 142 S. Ct. 1866 (2022) .................................................................21

Atkins v. Virginia, 531 U.S. 304 (2002)...................................................................19

Ford v. Wainwright, 477 U.S. 399 (1986) ...............................................................20

Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153 (1976) ..................................................................21

Gutierrez v. Saenz, 565 F. Supp. 3d 892 (S.D. Tex. 2021) .....................................16

Moore v. Texas, 137 S. Ct. 1039 (2017) ............................................................13, 20

Moore v. Texas, 139 S. Ct. 666 (2019) ..............................................................13, 20

Panetti v. Quarterman, 551 U.S. 930 (2007).....................................................19, 20

Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S. 551 (2005) ..................................................................19

Sawyer v. Whitley, 505 U.S. 333 (1992) ..................................................................16

State Cases

Andrus v. State, ........................................................................................................21

Ex parte Elizondo ....................................................................................................16

Ex parte Evans ....................................................................................................14,15

Ex parte White ....................................................................................................13, 15

Ex parte Gutierrez....................................................................................................15

In re Blue ..................................................................................................................19

State Statutes

Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Art. 11.071 ....................................................................16, 18

Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Art. 11.073 ..........................................................................16

Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Art. 64.04 ............................................................................15

Other

28 U.S.C. § 1257(a) ...................................................................................................9

XIV Amend. U.S. CONST. .....................................................................................16

VIII Amend. U.S. CONST. .....................................................................................16

OPINIONS BELOW

The Court of Criminal Appeals unpublished opinion issued after its review on

the merits appears at Appendix A. A prior published majority opinion along with a

concurrence and dissenting opinion from a relating to this case appears at Appendix

JURISDICITON

The Court of Criminal Appeals of Texas dismissed Petitioner’s subsequent

application for writ of habeas corpus on September 18, 2024. Petitioner did not

request rehearing from the Court of Criminal Appeals. The jurisdiction of this Court

is invoked under 28 U.S.C. § 1257(a).

CONSTITUTIONAL AND STATUTORY PROVISIONS INVOLVED

The Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution states “Excessive

bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual

punishments inflicted.”

The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides, “No

State shall…deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of

law…”

Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Article 11.073 (b) states in pertinent part,

“(b) A court may grant a convicted person relief on an application for a writ

of habeas corpus if:

(1) the convicted person files an application, in the manner provided by

Article 11.07, 11.071, or 11.072, containing specific facts indicating that:

(A) relevant scientific evidence is currently available and was not

available at the time of the convicted person's trial because the evidence

was not ascertainable through the exercise of reasonable diligence by

the convicted person before the date of or during the convicted person's

trial; and

(B) the scientific evidence would be admissible under the Texas

Rules of Evidence at a trial held on the date of the application; and

(2) the court makes the findings described by Subdivisions (1)(A) and (B)

and also finds that, had the scientific evidence been presented at trial,

on the preponderance of the evidence the person would not have been

convicted.”

Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Article 11.071 §5 (a)(3) states in

pertinent part,

“If a subsequent application for a writ of habeas corpus is filed after filing an

initial application, a court may not consider the merits of or grant relief based on the

subsequent application unless the application contains sufficient specific facts

establishing that:

(1) the current claims and issues have not been and could not have been

presented previously in a timely initial application or in a previously considered

application filed under this article or Article 11.07 because the factual or legal basis

for the claim was unavailable on the date the applicant filed the previous application;

or…

(3) by clear and convincing evidence, but for a violation of the United States

Constitution no rational juror would have answered in the state's favor one or more

of the special issues that were submitted to the jury in the applicant's trial under

Article 37.071, 37.0711, or 37.072.”

Article 37.0711 §3 (a)(1) of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure states in

pertinent part, “If a defendant is tried for a capital offense in which the state seeks

the death penalty, on a finding that the defendant is guilty of a capital offense, the

court shall conduct a separate sentencing proceeding to determine whether the

defendant shall be sentenced to death or life imprisonment.”

Article 37.0711 §3(b) of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure states in

pertinent part,

“On conclusion of the presentation of the evidence, the court shall submit the

following three issues to the jury:

(1) Whether the conduct of the defendant that caused the death of the deceased

was committed deliberately and with the reasonable expectation that the

death of the deceased or another would result;

(2) Whether there is a probability that the defendant would commit criminal

acts of violence that would constitute a continuing threat to society…”

Article 64.04 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure states,

“After examining the results of testing under Article 64.03 and any

comparison of a DNA profile under Article 64.035, the convicting court shall hold

a hearing and make a finding as to whether, had the results been available during the

trial of the offense, it is reasonably probable that the person would not have been

convicted.”

STATEMENT OF THE CASE

Mr. White was convicted of capital murder and sentenced to death in Harris

County, Texas in 1996 for a multiple homicide that occurred in 1989. The Court of

Criminal Appeals affirmed the conviction and sentence on direct appeal and denied

relief on his first state habeas.

Petitioner sought federal habeas review. The federal district court for the

Southern District of Texas granted abatement and leave to return to develop

significant evidence, such as DNA, in state court and to return to federal court after

such matters were exhausted. The federal district court eventually denied relief in

2011.

In 2015, Petitioner filed a subsequent writ in state court after the State sought

an execution date. The Court of Criminal Appeals (CCA) granted a stay of execution

and ordered briefing on the issue of whether new scientific evidence of cocaine

related psychosis could be introduced in the death phase of a capital case under the

new Article 11.073 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure as “new science” A

divided CCA decided it could not. Ex parte White, 506 S.W.3d 39 (Tex. Crim. App.

2016).

This Court then decided both Moore v. Texas I and Moore v. Texas II. In July

of 2024, the Court granted a stay of execution to Ruben Gutierrez as he sought to

develop the same type of DNA evidence that Mr. White possesses but could not

share with a jury. It further remanded the Andrus v. Texas case back to the CCA,

which promptly defied the Court and denied him relief again in Ex parte Andrus,

which was sent up for a cert petition again but which was denied over strong dissent

by Justice Sotomayor.

Mr. White’s case illustrates everything wrong with the current death penalty

in Texas – he has evidence that he is intellectually disabled which the CCA refuses

to permit him to develop. He has significant evidence that could result in a sentence

other than death at punishment but cannot present it or develop it on a new writ.

Finally, he is unable to take advantage of what appears at first glance to be a

significant change in the Texas appellate review scheme of the evidence in a death

case under Andrus. Under Rule 10 this Court should accept certiorari on any one of

these questions to once again correct the dysfunction in the Texas death penalty.

REASONS FOR GRANTING THE PETITION

1) Do Articles 11.073 and 11.071, Sec. 5 (a)(3) of the Texas Code of

Criminal Procedure create a due process problem because the

statutes, as interpreted by the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals,

prevent the presentation or development of evidence that might

change a death sentence?

Mr. White has obtained DNA evidence of a third party (an unidentified male)

at the crime scene. There is also strong post-trial scientific evidence which shows

Mr. White was likely suffering from a cocaine induced psychotic break during his

actions that could have provided the sentencing jury with a reason to sentence him

to life rather than death. The Court of Criminal Appeals in Texas will not permit the

defense to develop evidence of these mitigating factors via writ or a new punishment

trial. These issues have never been presented to a sentencing jury.

Mr. White was granted a stay in 2015 when the Court of Criminal Appeals

agreed to hear the matter of the cocaine psychosis under TCCP Article 11.073, a

means for bringing new scientific evidence under habeas claims. In its prior case

law, the CCA had, in the context of habeas relief, “most often "construed the term

'conviction' to mean a judgment of guilt and the assessment of punishment." Ex Parte

Evans, 964 S.W.2d 643, 647 (Tex. Crim. App. 1998). Despite their prior holdings,

a majority of the CCA denied Mr. White relief. It based its decision on a narrow

interpretation of the word “convicted” in TCCP Article 11.073(b)(2), finding “that

a claim under Article 11.073 be one that undermines the verdict or finding of

guilt” Ex parte White, 506 S.W.3d 39, 43 (Tex. Crim. App. 2016). The majority

specifically tied the holding in White to its prior decision against Mr. Gutierrez.

“In Ex parte Gutierrez , we emphasized the word "convicted" in the phrase "would

not have been convicted" and held that Chapter 64 "does not authorize testing when

exculpatory results might affect only the punishment or sentence."” Ex parte White,

506 S.W.3d 39, 43-44 (Tex. Crim. App. 2016). Three judges dissented from the

majority and stated this should apply to a death sentenced defendant.

The CCA is currently interpreting both Texas Code of Criminal Procedure

Articles 64.04 and Article 11.073 as applying new scientific evidence to ONLY guilt

or innocence. That cannot continue nor can it withstand a Fourteenth Amendment

due process analysis.

Texas has established a substantive right to bring a subsequent habeas petition

for a person convicted of the death penalty when that person can show “by clear and

convincing evidence, but for a violation of the United States Constitution no rational

juror would have answered in the state’s favor on or more of the special issues that

were submitted to the jury.” Tex. Code Crim. Proc. art. 11.071 § 5(a)(3). In Ex

Parte Blue, the Court of Criminal Appeals found that “[s]ection 5(a)(3) of Article

11.071 represents the Legislature's attempt to codify something very much like this

federal doctrine of ‘actual innocence of the death penalty’ for purposes of subsequent

state writs. By tying the exception to the general prohibition on subsequent state

writs specifically to the statutory special issues in Article 37.071 of the Code of

Criminal Procedure, the Legislature apparently intended to codify, more or less, the

doctrine found in Sawyer v. Whitley. In re Blue, 230 S.W.3d 151, 160 (Tex. Crim.

App. 2007).

A federal district court in the Southern District of Texas in Gutierrez v. Saenz

evaluated the contradiction between the CCA’s interpretation of “conviction” and

the substantive right uniquely created by 11.071 §5(a)(3) for defendants convicted

of the death penalty. Gutierrez v. Saenz, 565 F. Supp. 3d 892 (S. D. Tex. 2021). It

found that requiring Gutierrez to show that the DNA in question would demonstrate

his factual innocence (as required based on the CCA’s interpretation of

“conviction”) created an unconstitutional procedural bar to Chapter 64’s testing

regime. It stated, “[a] bar on Chapter 64 DNA testing to demonstrate innocence of

the death penalty renders Article 11.073 Sec. 5(a)(3) illusory.” Such a bar would

violate due process, both procedural and substantive, in terms of the Eighth

Amendment.

The Supreme Court recognized this when it granted Mr. Gutierrez’s request

for a stay of execution and remanded this case to the 5th Circuit in July of this year.

This case has striking similarities to Mr. Gutierrez’ case. In his case, Mr. Gutierrez

sought the right to DNA testing which could arguably lessen his moral culpability

for the death sentence. Mr. Gutierrez’s stay illustrates the fact that the Supreme

Court has found it likely Mr. Gutierrez would prevail on the underlying merits of his

case. one cannot logically deprive Mr. White of the chance to present evidence he

already has if one is granting Mr. Gutierrez the chance simply to seek such evidence.

Both issues that Mr. White seeks to raise would likely give such a jury a reason to

impose a sentence other than death, or in the modern case a plea for a term of less

than life imprisonment with the local District Attorney. The time for patience in

terms of due process for those who are innocent of the death penalty under Sawyer

v. Whitley has passed. Sawyer v. Whitley, 505 U.S. 333 (1992).

2) Is Texas still refusing to permit petitioners from developing

valid medical evidence of intellectual disability under Texas

Code of Criminal Procedure article 11.071 in violation of this

Court’s rulings in Moore v. Texas I and Moore v. Texas II, the

Eighth Amendment, and the Fourteenth Amendment?

In Ex parte Elizondo, the seminal Texas case which made actual innocence

reviewable under the Fourteenth Amendment, two young boys, after many years,

admitted they testified falsely against a relative. It took over a decade for them to

recant their lies about sexual abuse and for Elizondo to obtain relief. Ex parte

Elizondo, 947 S.W.2d 202 (Tex. Crim. App. 1996). In a similar fashion, gaining the

trust of a family who spent decades learning to hide and mask the intellectual

disability of their loved one would normally take years. In this case, although the

efforts at obtaining the information needed to make a claim of intellectual disability

began promptly after the Moore v. Texas cases, it took years to obtain the affidavits

from family and friends who had spent their whole lives protecting their family

member against the stigma of being retarded.

Frankly the State of Texas was the final catalyst for their willingness to come

forward by setting a death date for next week, on October 1st, 2024. This overarching

reluctance is not simply the advocates’ opinion – it is born out in both research and

the experienced opinions of forensic psychologists as well as mitigation specialists

who have provided affidavits for the same. (See, affidavits of Dr. Hupp, forensic

psychologist, Gina Vitale, mitigation specialist, and Nicole Van Toorn, mitigation

specialist, attached to 11.071 writ filed in the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals as

Appendices ) Just as one cannot obtain a recantation until the conscience of the liar

finally bears fruit, these affidavits could not have been obtained until and unless the

participants were willing to provide them. As such, this is newly discovered factual

evidence that meets the requirements of TCCP Article 11.071 §5(a)(1).

The Court of Criminal appeals has previously held that “a state habeas

applicant alleging mental retardation for the first time in a subsequent writ

application will be allowed to proceed to the merits of his application under the terms

of Section 5(a)(3) — at least so long as he alleges and presents, as a part of his

subsequent pleading, evidence of a sufficiently clear and convincing character that

we could ultimately conclude, to that level of confidence, that no rational factfinder

would fail to find he is in fact mentally retarded.” In re Blue, 230 S.W.3d 151, 162

(Tex. Crim. App. 2007). Mr. White has met that standard, but the Court of Criminal

Appeals has unreasonably denied him the right to proceed on his subsequent writ.

See Appendix

However, there remains a simpler and more problematic argument for the

Office of the Attorney General and the State of Texas. Intellectual disability is a

status. It does not change over time. In that, it is unique even among other

exemptions from execution, such as incompetency to be executed or juvenile age.

See Roper v. Simmons, 543 U.S. 551 (2005); Panetti v. Quarterman. 551 U.S. 930

(2007).

When the Supreme Court of the United States decided that the evolving

standards of decency required that those who had lessened moral culpability

deserved greater protection from the ultimate punishment, they created a categorical

exemption for those who suffered from intellectual disability. Atkins v. Virginia,

531 U.S. 304 (2002). They did the same for juveniles. Roper, 543 U.S. 551 (2005).

The presumption that the insane or the incompetent should not be executed as it

would be morally offensive to execute those who did not understand what was

happening to them has also existed in our law for some time now. See Ford v.

Wainwright, 477 U.S. 399 (1986); Panetti v. Quarterman, 551 U.S. 930 (2007). Yet

the matter of intellectual disability is strikingly different from all three of those

categories.

In both Moore v. Texas cases, this Court determined that the state and federal

courts must be informed by the prevailing medical opinion as to the best information

available to determine when a person has intellectual disability (IDD). See Moore v.

Texas 581 U.S. ____ (2017) and Moore v. Texas 586 U.S. ____ (2019). The CCA

has expressed ..strong reluctance.. to take this Court at its word as to the removal of

the Ex parte Briseno standard and its replacement with actual medical information.

They continue that same guerilla resistance today. Their refusal to accept medical

evidence and strong factual backing, even if it is simply enough to permit

development and testing for this claim, flies directly in the face of the Moore

decisions by this Court. It is further proof that Texas remains an outlier and defiant

of this Court’s authority.

3) Did the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals create a new

“weighing” scheme for death penalty sentencing when it issued

its opinion in Ex parte Andrus in defiance of this Court’s order

on remand in Andrus v. Texas? And if so, should petitioner be

allowed a new review of sentence under this new standard?

Under Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S. 153 (1976) and meaningful appellate

review, the Court of Criminal Appeals appears to have created a new “weighing”

sentencing scheme under its decision in Ex parte Andrus, NO. WR-84,438-01

delivered on May 19, 2021 on remand from the Supreme Court in Andrus v. Texas,

18-9674 Andrus v. Texas (06/15/20). A petition for writ of certiorari was denied

over a dissent by Justice Sotomayor.

Petitioner and undersigned counsel do not question the right of any state high

criminal court to interpret their death statute as they see fit. However, such a

“weighing” system flies in the face of the traditional holdings of the current Texas

scheme pursuant to Article 37.071 of the TCCP and the CCA’s own prior holdings.

Mr. Andrus was in the process of re-litigating this when he lost hope and took

his own life in January of 2023. This is the first case which a defendant requests

that federal courts examine this Andrus holding [which the dissenting Justice in

Andrus, J. Sotomayor, accurately characterized as both a violation of the Supreme

Court’s order and a “weighing” of the aggravating [future danger evidence] against

the mitigating evidence] under the second Special Issue in Texas under Article

37.071. Due to the unusual nature of the litigation and Mr. Andrus loss of life no one

has yet answered these questions, which remain ripe for both all newly sentenced

individuals on death row and those who remain there from years past.

CONCLUSION

Petitioner has third party DNA evidence of an unidentified male present at the

scene of this crime. There is also considerable scientific evidence that he was

suffering a psychotic break at the time of this incident. None of this ever saw the

light of day with a jury and none of it has been permitted to be developed or

presented under Article 11.073 or under 11.071 Sec 5 because the Texas courts

believe that new scientific evidence may only be presented to resolve guilt or

innocence, not innocence of the death penalty. Under Sawyer v, Whitley, this is a

due process problem.

The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals was presented with a qualified medical

opinion and new evidence in affidavit form that Mr. White, the Petitioner, suffered

from intellectual disability. They refused to permit it to be tested and developed in a

subsequent writ in violation of both Moore I and II. The Texas Court continues to

conduct a guerilla campaign against Moore, and to defy this Court on the issue of

using medical information to inform their ID cases. This is a violation of both the

Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments.

The CCA in Ex parte Andrus defied this Court by conducting a re-weighing

of the mitigation versus the aggravating evidence. This, as J. Sotomayor pointed

out, was both a defiance of this Court’s order AND created a new sentencing scheme

requiring all death sentenced individuals to have their evidence “re-weighed” by the

CCA under conforming constitutional guidelines. Mr. White is entitled to that

review before he may be lawfully executed.

Respectfully submitted,

Attorneys for Petitioner

Patrick F. McCann

The Law Offices of Patrick F. McCann

700 Louisiana St., Ste. 3950

Houston, TX 77002

Tel: (832) 390-2731

Email: writlawyer@outlook.com

_/s/ Patrick F. McCann_________________

David Michael Ryan

David Michael Ryan & Associates

6161 Savoy Dr., #1116

Houston, TX 77036

Tel: (832) 283-5341

Email: davidmryanesq@gmail.com

_/s/ David Ryan_______________________

*Supreme Court Bar No.: 257298

Julia Bella

The Law Office of Julia Bella

503 FM 359, Ste. 130

Richmond, TX 77406

Tel: (832) 757-9799

Email: julia@jbellalaw.com

_/s/ Julia Bella______________

Date: 09/27/2024

APPENDIX A

IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS

OF TEXAS

NO. WR-48,152-09

EX PARTE GARCIA GLEN WHITE, Applicant

ON APPLICATION FOR WRIT OF HABEAS CORPUS

AND MOTION FOR STAY OF EXECUTION

IN CAUSE NO. 723847-F IN THE 180TH DISTRICT COURT

HARRIS COUNTY

Per curiam.

ORDER

Before us is a subsequent application for a writ of habeas corpus filed pursuant to

Texas Code of Criminal Procedure Article 11.071, Section 5. 1 Also before us is a motion

for stay of execution.

Applicant Garcia Glen White was convicted of capital murder and sentenced to

death in July 1996. On direct appeal, we affirmed the trial court’s judgment of guilt and

Unless otherwise specified, all mentions of “Articles” and “Chapters” in this

opinion refer to the Articles and Chapters of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure.

WHITE—2

sentence of death. White v. State, No. AP-72,580 (Tex. Crim. App. Jun. 17, 1998) (not

designated for publication).

In December 2000, White filed his initial postconviction habeas application under

Article 11.071. We denied relief. Ex parte White, No. WR-48,152-01 (Tex. Crim. App.

Feb. 22, 2001) (not designated for publication). In March 2002, White filed his first

subsequent 11.071 application; we dismissed the application under Article 11.071,

Section 5. Ex parte White, No. WR-48,152-02 (Tex. Crim. App. Apr. 24, 2002) (not

designated for publication). In March 2009, White filed his second and third subsequent

11.071 applications; we dismissed both applications under Section 5. Ex parte White,

Nos. WR-48,152-03, -04 (Tex. Crim. App. May 6, 2009) (not designated for publication).

In January 2015, White filed his fourth subsequent 11.071 application. We filed and set

the application to decide whether Article 11.073 “appl[ies] to newly discovered scientific

evidence affecting only the punishment stage of trial.” Ex parte White, No. WR-48,15208 (Tex. Crim. App. Mar. 23, 2015). We ultimately handed down a published opinion

holding that, if a habeas “applicant’s proffered scientific evidence relates solely to

punishment, his evidence cannot meet” Article 11.073. Ex parte White, 506 S.W.3d 39,

52 (Tex. Crim. App. 2016). We therefore dismissed White’s fourth subsequent 11.071

application under Section 5. Id.

On August 23, 2024, White filed in the convicting court the instant pleading, his

fifth subsequent 11.071 application. In it, White raises four claims for habeas corpus

relief. In claim one, White alleges that his execution would violate the Eighth and

Fourteenth Amendments because he is intellectually disabled. See Atkins v. Virginia, 536

WHITE—3

U.S. 304 (2002). In claim two, White argues that the federal district court’s

Memorandum and Order in the case of Gutierrez v. Saenz, 565 F.Supp. 892 (S.D. Tex.

2021), should cause this Court to reconsider its 2016 opinion in Ex parte White, 506

S.W.3d at 52. In claim three, White alleges that two unenacted bills from the Texas

House of Representatives should cause this Court to reconsider Ex parte White, 506

S.W.3d at 52. In claim four, White alleges that this Court’s opinion in Ex parte Andrus,

622 S.W.3d 892 (Tex. Crim. App. 2021), represents new law in contemplation of Article

11.071, Section 5(a)(1). In the same pleading, White also prays for this Court to stay his

execution. In an abundance of caution, we shall treat this prayer as a freestanding motion

for stay of execution.

Having reviewed White’s application, we conclude that the application does not

satisfy the requirements of Article 11.071, Section 5. Therefore, we dismiss the

application as an abuse of the writ. See Art. 11.071, § 5(c). White’s motion for stay of

execution is denied. The Court shall not reconsider this Order on the Court’s own motion

or otherwise.

IT IS SO ORDERED THIS THE 18TH DAY OF SEPTEMBER, 2024.

Do Not Publish

APPENDIX B

8/23/2024 6:17 PM

Marilyn Burgess - District Clerk Harris County

Envelope No. 91285500

By: T Reed

Filed: 8/23/2024 6:17 PM

Automated Certificate of eService

This automated certificate of service was created by the efiling system.

The filer served this document via email generated by the efiling system

on the date and to the persons listed below. The rules governing

certificates of service have not changed. Filers must still provide a

certificate of service that complies with all applicable rules.

Julia Bella

Bar No. 24035099

julia@jbellalaw.com

Envelope ID: 91285500

Filing Code Description: Writs

Filing Description: 11.071 Application for WHC 6th

Status as of 8/26/2024 10:05 AM CST

Case Contacts

Name

BarNumber

TimestampSubmitted

Status

Patrick McCann

792680

writlawyer@outlook.com

8/23/2024 6:17:42 PM

SENT

Julia Bella

24035099

julia@jbellalaw.com

8/23/2024 6:17:42 PM

SENT

Joshua Reiss

REISS_JOSH@dao.hctx.net

8/23/2024 6:17:42 PM

SENT

Farnaz Hutchins

HUTCHINS_FARNAZ@dao.hctx.net

8/23/2024 6:17:42 PM

SENT

State of Texas

County of Travis

AFFIDAVIT

A"iant:

Date:

Greg Hupp, Ph.D.

September 2, 2024

On this day, the ACiant below appeared before me and sworn and subscribed to the

following:

My name is Greg Hupp, Ph.D. I am a licensed neuropsychologist in Texas. I am over

eighteen and competent to make this aCidavit. I have extensive experience in diagnosing

instances of intellectual disability outside of capital cases, both in forensic and other

settings, such as disability determinations. I have doing this for about twenty-ﬁve years.

In my experience, one of the most challenging aspects of discussing family history of an

individual's mental health or mental disability is that it is often regarded as a shameful

thing, and something that one should hide or cover up. It is a condition viewed with fear by

many lay people, and they often believe that revealing that information would harm their

loved one because it would be used against them. Peer-reviewed research has shown that

“guilt, ambivalence, disappointment, frustration, anger, shame, and sorrow” are often

exhibited by parents (Schild, 1971)1. Thus, the attitude of parents may cause hindrance in

the process as well as outcome of adaptive functioning in the children with Intellectual

Developmental Disorders (IDD aka Intellectual Disabilities ne: mental retardation).

The family’s reluctance to reveal that information has been well-documented in research,

and in fact, the research itself often ignored the needs of this invisible culture (Harkness,

1980)2. Often their desire to protect and help makes them extremely reticent in speaking to

people outside the family. In terms of evaluating and diagnosing intellectual disabilities

among minorities and those of lower socio-economic status, especially among those in

involved in the criminal justice system, there have been severe methodological problems.

“Most studies reviewed used less than adequate ascertainment methods” in identifying

and diagnosing intellectual disabilities among population and have left unanswered

questions as to “which oCenders have intellectual disabilities” (McBrien, 2003).3 I have had

many experiences that make it plain that it can take years to break down communication

Schild. (1971). Parental attitude towards children: a comparative study of parents of normal children and

parents of mentally retarded children. Journal of Community Guidance and Research, 9, 117–122.

Harkess, S. (1980). The cultural context of child development. New Directions for Child Development, 8, 713.

McBrien, J. (2003), The Intellectually Disabled ORender: Methodological Problems in Identiﬁcation. Journal

of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 16: 95-105.

barriers to get families to cross barriers of fear, misunderstanding, culture, class, race, and

simple lack of trust.

This research has demonstrated that IQ scores for low-functioning individuals of minority

race and low socio-economic status, such as Mr. White, are often overestimated. The

structural limitations of IQ tests, ﬂoor eCects, discrepancies between IQ and adaptive

functioning, and the inﬂuence of outdated norms due to both the Flynn ECect and an

outdated edition of the intelligence test, all contribute to this overestimation. Therefore, it

my professional position that the IQ score reported by Dr. Averill as part of Mr. White’s

Atkins evaluation was an over-estimation of his true intellectual abilities and lacked a

formal assessment of Mr. White’s adaptive functioning. The requirements under the

provisions of Moore v. Texas4 and the subsequent Moore II decision demand a review of Mr.

White’s intellectual capabilities.

As to Mr. White’s adaptive functioning, which is a formal review of his abilities and required

to diagnose an intellectual developmental disorder, such a review was never completed. A

retrospective review of these capabilities is necessary under the Moore decisions and is

required to determine whether or not an individual has an IDD.

Intellectual retardation is not something that changes or improves or suddenly

disappears. If one was showing signs of problems in early childhood and then later tests as

subnormal, that is not a recent occurrence. The fact that we have new tests and methods

determining deﬁcits does not mean we take leave of the common sense notion that if

someone is suCering from deﬁcits as a child, they probably had disability as a child. IDD is

a status that does not change.

I swear the foregoing is true and correct.

ACiant: ________________________________________

Greg Hupp, Ph.D.

Psychologist – Texas License No. 31593

5900 Balcones Dr., Ste. 13846

Austin, Texas 78731

Ph (512) 893-6337

September

2nd

Sworn to and subscribed before me this ________

day of __________________,

20____.

____________________________________

Notary Public

07/26/2027

My Commission Expires: _____________

Moore v. Texas, 137 U.S. 1039 (2017).

Notarized remotely online using communication technology via Proof.

APPENDIX C

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292ÿÿ6531ÿ5Q56ÿ 44ÿÿ2

38856ÿ2ÿÿ8 356ÿ83ÿ2ÿ3ÿ3835141ÿ135

03ÿÿ81 ÿ21ÿ34ÿÿ21ÿ39

44ÿÿ43ÿ8 356ÿ3ÿ831ÿ2ÿ3ÿ4 43

292ÿ21ÿ3835ÿ141ÿÿ6531

38831 ÿ ÿ2ÿ10ÿÿÿ2ÿ53 4ÿ

34ÿ3 9ÿ131ÿ3136ÿ ÿ1 35ÿ3ÿ

0ÿ3 94ÿ06ÿ3ÿ012341ÿ9 ÿ2ÿÿ214

292ÿ3ÿ 283ÿ02ÿÿ5ÿ83

34ÿ8 ÿ83ÿ2ÿ3ÿ438 356ÿ135

LLÿ252

ÿ853 ÿ533ÿ ÿÿ ÿ3ÿ

G15ÿ1192/ÿÿ302ÿ03ÿÿ214

292ÿ3ÿ0 ÿ4ÿ2ÿ 54ÿ02ÿ

41 32ÿ2ÿ5ÿ34ÿ43ÿ ÿ ÿ3

438 356ÿ135ÿ24132ÿ2ÿ355ÿ

1593ÿ E13E35ÿ 321ÿ2ÿ3ÿ

6531ÿ 44ÿ21ÿG15ÿ1192/ÿ2ÿ38856ÿ2

02ÿÿ5ÿ34ÿ8 356ÿ83ÿ2ÿ3ÿ43

8 356ÿ135ÿ21ÿÿ 212 ÿ132ÿL

18556ÿ4

This is a copy of a public record, reproduced as it was published. It is not legal advice, and it may not be the version a court would rely on. Check the official source before you cite it.