Petition for Writ of Certiorari — Daviel Salinas-Acevedo, Petitioner v. United States
Supreme Court briefDec 8, 2017
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No. ____-________
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES
DAVIEL SALINAS ACEVEDO,
Petitioner,
v.
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Respondent.
On Petition for a Writ of Certiorari to the United States
Court of Appeals for the First Circuit
___________________________________
PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI
___________________________________
Ignacio Fernández de Lahongrais
Court Appointed Attorney for Appellant
Capital Center Sur, Suite 202
Avenida Arterial Hostos #239
San Juan, Puerto Rico 00918-1475
Tel. 787-923-5789
ignacio@bufetefernandezalcaraz.com
(Appointed under 18 U.S.C. § 3006A)
i
QUESTION PRESENTED
In Jacobson v. United States, 503 U.S. 540, 112 S. Ct. 1535
(1993) this Court ruled that predisposition to commit a crime
is the principal element in the defense of entrapment. It
further held that a prosecutor must demonstrate beyond a
reasonable doubt that a defendant was predisposed to commit
the crime before being approached by law enforcement.
The question presented is:
1.
Does the Fist Circuit’s requirement that a defendant must
prove an entrapment defense twice: once to the court
prior to trial, and then once more to the jury run afoul
of Jacobson and the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution
of the United States?
ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUESTION PRESENTED. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
v
PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
OPINIONS BELOW. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
JURISDICTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
BASIS FOR JURISDICTION IN THE DISTRICT COURT. . . . . . .
2
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISION INVOLVED . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
STATEMENT OF THE CASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
REASONS FOR GRANTING THE WRIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
CONCLUSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
APPENDIX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
iii
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES
I.
CASES
Hampton v. United States, 425 U.S. 484 (1976) . . . . . . 12
Jacobson v. United States, 112 S. Ct. 1535 (1992) . . 3, 11,
12, 14, 16, 17
Mathews v. United States,485 U.S. 58 (1988) . . . . . . . 13
Sorrels v. United States, 287 U.S. 435
(1932). . . 3, 6, 13
United States v. Luisi, 482 F.3d 43 (1st Cir.2007). . 13, 15
United States v. McGill, 754 F.3d 452 (7th Cir. 2014) . . 15
United States v. Russell, 411 U.S. 423 (1973) . . . . . . 12
United States v. Salinas Acevedo,846 F.3d 417 (1st Cir. 2017)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
United States v. Whoie, 925 F.2d 1481(D.C. Cir. 1991) . . 12
II.
STATUTES
28 U.S.C. §1254(1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2
18 U.S.C. §3500 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
iv
PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI
Petitioner Daviel Salinas Acevedo (“Daviel Salinas”),
through his court appointed attorney, prays that a writ of
certiorari be granted to review the judgment of the United
States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit issued on
January 17, 2017.
OPINIONS BELOW
On January 13, 2017 the United States Court of Appeals
for
the
First
Circuit
entered
its
judgment
and
opinion
affirming Petitioner’s conviction. United States v. Salinas
Acevedo, 863 F.3d 13 (2017).
A copy of that Opinion is
attached as Addendum 3. Denial of petition for reconsideration
and rehearing en banc in the United States Court of Appeals
for the First Circuit was entered July 11, 2017. A copy of
that Judgment and Opinion is attached as Addendums 1 and 2
respectively.
JURISDICTION
Denial of petition for rehearing in the United States
Court of Appeals for the First Circuit was entered July 11,
2017. Thus, the original deadline to file a petition for a
writ of certiorari was October 9, 2017.
1
On October 2, 2017 this honorable Court entered Order
extending the “deadline to file a petition for certiorari in
a case arising from the state or federal courts of Puerto Rico
... to November 20, 2017.” 583 U.S. ____. This case arises
from the United States District Court for the District of
Puerto Rico.
On November 13, 2017 Petitioner Filed an Application for
Extension of Time to File Petition for Writ. Said application
was granted and extended the time to file the petition until
December 8, 2017.
A Petition for Writ of Certiorari was then filed on that
date, December 8, 2017. The Petition was returned by the Clerk
of the Court on December 18, 2017 with instruction that it be
re-submitted within 60 days. Thus the Petition must be filedon
or before February 16, 2018.
The jurisdiction of this Court is invoked under 28 U.S.C.
§1254(1).
BASIS FOR JURISDICTION IN THE DISTRICT COURT
The District Court had jurisdiction pursuant to 18 U.S.C.
§3231.
CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISION INVOLVED
The Sixth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States
2
provides:
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall
enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an
impartial jury of the state and district wherein the
crime shall have been committed, which district
shall have been previously ascertained by law, and
to be informed of the nature and cause of the
accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses
against him; to have compulsory process for
obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the
assistance of counsel for his defense.
STATEMENT OF THE CASE
Introduction
This Court has not addressed the defense of entrapment
since 1992.
See: Jacobson v. United States, 503 U.S.540, 112
S. Ct. 1535 (1992).
The
entrapment
doctrine
forbids
punishment
of
an
“otherwise innocent” person whose “alleged offense” is “the
product of the creative activity of government officials.
Sorrels v. United States, 287 U.S. 435, 451 (1932).
When the Government’s quest for conviction leads to
the apprehension of an otherwise law abiding citizen
who, if left to his own devices, likely would have
never
run
afoul
of
the
law,
the
courts
should
intervene. Jacobson v. United States, 112 S. Ct.
1535, 1543 (1992).
In Jacobson this Court ruled that the predisposition to
3
commit a crime was the principal element in the defense of
entrapment.
The First Circuit has departed far from this norm.
As it
relates to the entrapment defense, it has usurped the role of
the jury and requires defendants to prove their defense twice:
once to the Court before trial and then once more to the jury.
See: Torruella, C.J. dissenting, Appendix p. 7.
The
First
Circuit’s
departure
from
this
Court’s
definition of the entrapment defense calls for an exercise of
this
Court’s
supervisory
power.
Furthermore,
the
First
Circuit’s decision stands in sharp contrast with Jacobson and
violates the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution of the United
States.
Petitioner’s conviction.
Mr. Daviel Salinas was charged with 3 counts related to
providing armed security for one FBI sham drug transaction in
March 24, 2010.
(Appendix p.30.)
Mr. Salinas exercised his right to trial by jury. The
trial ended with the return of guilty verdicts on January 10,
2013 on counts 11 and 14.
The jury could not reach a verdict
on count 12. (D.E. 499 & 501.)
4
Mr. Salinas Acevedo was then sentenced to a term of
imprisonment of 121 months for count 11 and a consecutive term
of imprisonment of 60 months for count 14; for a total term of
imprisonment of 181 months. (Appendix p. 30.)
The Government decides to target Salinas because he was
facing financial difficulties, not because he was suspected
of any wrongdoing
Petitioner Salinas-Acevedo was never in the government’s
radar. Nothing in the record suggests that he was anything but
an upstanding and law abiding citizen and police officer.
Salinas-Acevedo first came into the government’s cross
hairs one fateful day when he asked FBI informant Alwin
Camacho (“Camacho”) for a job as a security guard in CompUsa.
Mr. Salinas-Acevedo did not know Camacho was a FBI informant.
Had Salinas-Acevedo never asked for a part time job, he would
still be a member of the Puerto Rico Police and the law
abiding citizen he had been up to that fateful day.
At that time Camacho was moonlighting as CompUsa’s head
of security. When Salinas-Acevedo found out that his wife was
expecting another child, he decided to seek a second job.
He
5
then approached Camacho and asked his help in getting a part
time security job at CompUsa.
Salinas told Camacho about his
dire economic situation and his need to get a second job to
take care of his pregnant wife. Camacho told Salinas that at
the moment there were no openings at CompUsa but would get in
touch with him later if there was an opening. (D.E. 371.)
Once Camacho learned of his money troubles, he used two
corrupt police officers already targeted by the FBI: Israel
Rullán Santiago (Rullán-Santiago) and Carlos Méndez-Perez
(Méndez-Perez”) to induce Salinas-Acevedo to provide security
for an FBI led sham drug transaction. Appendix p. 31. There
was no reason to go after Salinas-Acevedo other than he was
“desperate” and “broke.” Appendix p. 32.
That alone, is improper government conduct and this
Court should exercise its supervisory powers and intervene.
Unlike Salinas-Acevedo, Camacho targeted Rullan-Santiago
because he would hear him boast at the police station that he
knew drug traffickers, had access to money and that he “was
basically a delinquent using up the uniform.” Appendix p. 31.
Both
Camacho
and
Rullán-Santiago
knew
that
Salinas-
Acevedo had a daughter, was expecting a another child and that
he was in a difficult financial situation. Id.
6
The entrapment begins.
The first recorded telephone conversation between Camacho
and Rullan-Santiago (related to Salinas) takes place on March
9, 2010. Appendix p. 31. In it, Rullan-Santiago calls Camacho
to let him know that “that one” (referring to Salinas) had
given him an excuse not to participate in the drug transaction
planned or the next day.
This
exchange
makes
clear
that
Camacho
had
already
singled out Salinas as a target for Rullan to recruit.
Both
of them knew who “that one” was and were purposely avoiding
using his name over the telephone.
According to Rullan-Santiago, Salinas told him “[s]orry,
it’s gonna be difficult for me because on the little girl and
the like.”
Rullan-Santiago did not believe that there was
anything wrong with Salinas’ girl and told Camacho “[y]ou know
that’s an excuse.” Appendix p. 31.
In light of Salinas’ refusal to participate, Camacho
postponed the drug transaction. Id.
But Camacho persisted.
Shortly
thereafter
Camacho
approached
Méndez-Pérez
seeking his help to recruit Salinas. Appendix p. 32.
Camacho
brings
up
the
subject
of
Salinas
to
the
7
conversation.
Camacho asked Méndez-Pérez what he thought of
Salinas (meaning, would Salinas be willing to participate in
a drug transaction). (“And since you’re buddies with Salinas,
what do you think about Salinas?”) Camacho then tells MéndezPérez that Rullan-Santiago had already approached Salinas
without success. (“Because, um, Rullán approached him and
later he gave me excuses that his daughter, that...”) (D.E.
414, Exh. 1, p.7.)(Appendix p. 32.)
Although at some point Camacho tells Méndez-Pérez that he
had told Rullan-Santiago not to “bring up the topic with
[Salinas] anymore,” he later sweet-talks Méndez-Pérez into
talking to Salinas by telling him that Salinas is “willing to
do anything and he’s broke.” id.
Camacho then asks Méndez-Pérez to talk to Salinas-Acevedo
and have him “come by” to see him.
Méndez-Pérez instead tells
Camacho that he will stop by Salinas’s house. Id.
At this point Camacho is aware that Salinas is resisting
and does not seem willing to participate.
He tells Méndez-
Pérez: “Yes, if he gives you a lot of crap ... This isn’t
compulsory, this is for those who want to and know what it
is.” Id.
We pause to note that the district court and the Court of
8
Appeals interpreted Camacho’s statement as proof that there
was no overreaching or pressuring by the government informant.
However,
we
respectfully
submit
that
this
passage
reinforces Salinas’ entrapment defense. It shows that Camacho
is aware of Salinas’ hesitance but still wants one more crack
at him.
That is why he wants Méndez-Pérez to try one more
time. But Camacho is cautions: he tells Méndez-Pérez to “drop
it” if Salinas “...gives you a lot of crap...”
Camacho knows
that Méndez-Pérez might get a “lot of crap” if Salinas is
approached again.
In any event, this instruction was given only to MendezPerez, not Rullán-Santiago who was the one who eventually
recruited Salinas-Acevedo.
Camacho ploughs on.
On March 19, 2010 Camacho once more tries to get to
Salinas through Rullan-Santiago. Appendix p. 32.
Camacho asks Rullan-Santiago over the telephone to “get
that guy that you tried to find last time.” (Referring to
Salinas.)
Rullan-Santiago is unsure if he can get Salinas
involved (“...let me see if, if that dog is around here”).
But, Camacho insists. (“Well, but let me know for sure, don’t
do the same shitty thing to me like you did last week.”) id.
9
Camacho is pressuring Rullan-Santiago to make sure that
Salinas agrees so that the transaction does not get postponed
once more.
Camacho is adamant: “But you have to reassure me
that you are going to do your part on Wednesday’s gig.” Id.
Three
days
later
(3/22/10),
Camacho
calls
Rullan-
Santiago-Santiago to “double check” for “Wednesday.” (Meaning
Wednesday, March 24, 2010.)
Salinas is on board.
Camacho asks Rullan-Santiago if
(“Salinas is - we are clear with
Salinas, right?”) Appendix p. 33.
Camacho is clearly worried about Salinas’ reaction when
he finds out that the transaction is drugs. (“You told Salinas
what it was, right, the devices?”) (Appendix p. 33.)
The conversation is a bit confusing.
While Rullan-
Santiago tells Camacho “yes” when he is asked whether or not
he told Salinas about the “devices”, Rullan-Santiago later
laughs and tells Camacho that Salinas will indeed “jump off
the balcony when he sees (the drugs).” Id. (Suggesting that
Salinas does not know that he is going to provide security for
a drug transaction.)
The
deal
went
on
as
planned
and
Salinas-Acevedo
participated in the sham drug transaction. Id.
The
entrapment
in
this
case
is
simple
and
10
straightforward. To target an otherwise law abiding police
officer because he is going through financial difficulties and
periods of anxiety is per se an improper tactic by the
government.
There is no noble purpose behind preying on the weak.
In this case Camacho knew that Rullan-Santiago was a
corrupt police officer (through his own boasting at the police
station) and recruited him to provide security in undercover
drug transactions. (D.E. 253.) In contrast to Rullan-Santiago,
there is nothing in the record to suggest that Salinas would
have committed any illegal act but for the fact that Camacho
singled him out and pressured Rullan-Santiago to recruit him.
REASONS FOR GRANTING THE WRIT
In Jacobson v. United States, 503 U.S.540, 542 (1992)
this Court reversed a conviction because “the Government
overstepped the line between setting a trap for the ‘unwary
innocent’ and the unwary criminal’ ... and as a matter of law
failed
to
establish
that
petitioner
was
independently
predisposed to commit the crime for which he was arrested...”
In their zeal to enforce the law, however,
Government agents may not originate a criminal
design, implant in an innocent person's mind the
disposition to commit a criminal act, and then
11
induce commission of the crime so that the
Government may prosecute. Sorrells, supra, 287 U.S.,
at 442, 53 S.Ct., at 212; Sherman, supra, 356 U.S.,
at 372, 78 S.Ct., at 820. Where the Government has
induced an *549 individual to break the law and the
defense of entrapment is at issue, as it was in this
case, the prosecution must prove beyond reasonable
doubt that the defendant was disposed to commit the
criminal act prior to first being approached by
Government agents. Jacobson, 503 U.S. at 548-49.
In Jacobson, this Court noted that the government could “not
prove
that
his
predisposition
to
commit
the
crime
was
independent and not the product of the attention that the
Government had directed at [him].” id.
The defense of entrapment has two elements: (1) the
government must have induced a defendant to commit a crime
that (2) the defendant was not otherwise willing to commit.
See: United States v. Russell, 411 U.S. 423, 428-30 (1973) and
Hampton v. United States, 425 U.S. 484, 488. The Supreme Court
has stressed that the defense centers on the latter element,
a person's predisposition to commit a crime, and not on the
government's conduct. United States v. Whoie, 925 F.2d 1481,
1483(D.C. Cir. 1991).
The entrapment defense focuses on both the predisposition
and
inducement
elements
(that
is,
the
conduct
of
law
enforcement and whether such conduct represented an improper
use of government power. Sorrells, 287 U.S. at 453 (Roberts,
12
J. Concurring). However, predisposition remains “the principal
element in the defense of entrapment.” Mathews v. United
States,485 U.S. 58, 63 (1988).
The First Circuit has turned on its head the entrapment
defense as established by this Court. Their main focus is no
longer
the
defendant’s
predisposition,
but
whether
law
enforcement used “improper inducements.” United States v.
Luisi,482 F.3d 43, 55 (1 st Cir. 2007); Appendix p. 37.
It also placed the burden on the defendant to present
evidence of such improper inducement before he or she is
allowed to present the entrapment defense to the jury. That
is, without the benefit of cross examination of government
witnesses or even Jencks materials. 18 U.S.C. §3500.
Although the First Circuit had no trouble finding that
petitioner lacked the required predisposition to commit the
crime(Appendix p. 37), it still refused to allow petitioner to
present an entrapment defense because, in its view, the
evidence
proffered
was
insufficient
to
prove
improper
inducement by the government.
In the First Circuit “predisposition” is no longer the
principal element of an entrapment defense as required by
Jacobson. It is, instead, whether there was an “improper
13
inducement”
by
the
government
in
order
to
overcome
the
defendant’s initial reluctance to commit the crime. The First
Circuit identified the key issue in this case as follows:
The key issue here is whether a specified improper
inducement by Rullán-Santiago (or Méndez-Pérez) can
be
attributed
to
the
government
itself.
The
government would be responsible for any improper
inducement
by
either
middleman
if
its
agent
(Camacho) had “told” or “instructed” the middleman
(Rullán-Santiago
or
Méndez-Pérez)
to
apply
the
inducement later deemed improper. United States v.
Salinas Acevedo,846 F.3d 417, 430 (1st Cir. 2017).
(Appendix pp. 38 - 39.)
The
First
Circuit
found
inducement in this case.
that
there
was
no improper
(“...there is no evidence that
[Camacho] urged (Rullán-Santiago or Méndez-Pérez) to apply
improper
pressure
to
join
the
enterprise.)
Id.
This
is
contrary to this Court’s decision in Jacobson.
Petitioner Salinas-Acevedo was not targeted because of
any suspicion that he was a corrupt policeman.
He was
targeted because he asked Camacho for a part time security job
at CompUsa and needed the job because his wife was pregnant
and was in financial troubles.
To target an otherwise law abiding police officer because
14
he is going through financial difficulties and periods of
anxiety is per se an improper tactic by the government.
There
is no noble purpose behind preying on the weak.
In this case Camacho knew that Rullán-Santiago was a
corrupt police officer (through his own boasting at the police
station) and recruited him to provide security in undercover
drug transactions. In contrast to Rullán-Santiago, there is
nothing in the record to suggest that Salinas Acevedo would
have committed any illegal act but for the fact that Camacho
singled him out.
Other Circuits have only required “minimally sufficient”
evidence to support an entrapment defense.1 (See: United
States v. McGill, 754 F.3d 452 (7th Cir. 2014); (Assessing an
entrapment defense involves subjective inquiry, and defendant
is entitled to argue that he was particularly susceptible to
inducement.).
Salinas proffers were neither thoroughly implausible nor
constructed entirely out of generalities.
To the contrary,
1
More precisely, the issue before this court is the properness of
the derivative entrapment defense.
The derivative entrapment
doctrine allows criminal defendants to assert they were entrapped
when “a government agent [Camacho] ‘uses [an] unsuspecting
middleman [Rullán] as a means of passing on an inducement’ to the
defendant.” United States v. Luisi, 482 F.3d 43, 53 (1st Cir.2007).
15
Salinas’ account is interlaced with considerable detail and
corroboration in the record.
Under Jacobson the principal element of the entrapment
defense is whether or not a defendant was predisposed to
commit the crime before induced to do so by the government.
The law in the First Circuit has inverted the hierarchy of
these elements. Predisposition is now secondary to a judicial
determination of whether the government’s inducements were
“improper.”
And, as this case illustrates, repeated requests
cannot give rise to an entrapment defense unless there is some
sort of “improper” behavior by the government. In other words,
the government is free to target law abiding citizens and
induce them to commit crimes (as long as such inducement is
not “improper”).
As this case showed; this is hardly a technical debate.
It threatens the very protections of the Sixth Amendment to
the
Constitution.
The
new
standard
“entails
whether
we
recognize the legitimate role of the jury, or whether we will
engage
in
an
usurpation
of
that
role.”
Appendix
p.
7.
Torruella, C.J., dissenting.
In the First Circuit a defendant is “not allowed to argue
to a jury that he was entrapped” unless he can “prove his
16
defense twice: once to the court, and then once more to the
jury.” Id.
This case presents the exact situation that the Jacobson
Court sought to protect us from:
When the Government’s quest for conviction leads to
the apprehension of an otherwise law-abiding citizen
who, if left to his own devices, likely would have
never run afoul of the law, the courts should
intervene. Jacobson, 503 U.S. at 543.
Salinas-Acevedo had no criminal record, nor whatsoever the
slightest
corruption.
indication
that
he
was
involved
in
police
Rather, the government first laid eyes on him
when he sought a part time job from Camacho to support his
family. Salinas-Acevedo never sought to participate in any
crime.
17
CONCLUSION
WHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons it is most respectfully
requested from this Honorable Court to grant certiorari and
reverse the judgment of the First Circuit.
RESPECTFULLY SUBMITTED.
In San Juan, Puerto Rico February 16, 2018.
_________________________________
Ignacio Fernández de Lahongrais
Capital Center Sur, Suite 202
Avenida Arterial Hostos #239
San Juan, Puerto Rico 00918-1475
Tel. 787-923-5789
ignacio@bufetefernandezalcaraz.com
18
CERTIFICATE OF COMPLIANCE
This brief complies with the type volume limitation of
Supreme Court Rule 33 because this petition contains 16 pages,
exclusive of the items listed in Rul3 33(d).
This
brief
complies
with
the
typeface
requirements
because it was prepared using 13 point, mono-spaced typeface
(13 Courier New).
Software used: WordPerfect X8.
I understand that a material misrepresentation can result
in this Court striking this brief or imposing sanction.
If
the Court so directs, I will provide a copy of the word or
line print-out.
I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is
true and correct.
In San Juan, Puerto Rico February 16, 2018.
_________________________________
Ignacio Fernández de Lahongrais
Capital Center Sur, Suite 202
Avenida Arterial Hostos #239
Hato Rey, Puerto Rico 00918-1475
Tel. 787-923-5789
ignacio@bufetefernandezalcaraz.com
Attorney for the Appellant
19
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I, Ignacio Fernández de Lahongrais, do swear that on this 16th
day of February, 2018, as required by Supreme Court Rule 29,
I have served the enclosed Petition for a Writ of Certiorari
on each party to the above proceeding or that third party’s
counsel, and on every other person required to be served, by
depositing an envelope containing the above documents in the
United States mail properly Addressed to each of them and with
first class postage prepaid.
The names and addresses of those served are as follows:
1.
Solicitor General of the United States
U.S. Department of Justice, Room 5614
950 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20530-0001
(202) 514-2217
2.
AUSA Mariana Bauza
Torre Chardón, Suite 1202
350 Carlos Chardón Avenue
San Juan, Puerto Rico 00918
(787) 766-5656
3.
Daviel Salinas Acevedo
Reg. 35980-069
FCI Manchenster
Federal Correctional Institute
PO Box 4000
Manchester, Kentucky 40962
I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is
true and correct.
20
Executed in San Juan, Puerto Rico on February 16, 2018.
_________________________________
Ignacio Fernández de Lahongrais
Court Appointed Attorney
Capital Center Sur, Suite 202
Avenida Arterial Hostos #239
San Juan, Puerto Rico 00918-1475
Tel. 787-923-5789
ignacio@bufetefernandezalcaraz.com
21
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