Case law

Singer v. Black & Decker Corp.

769 F. Supp. 911 · District Court, D. Maryland · Jun 12, 1991

In essence, the early retirement program, on a one time basis, allowed qualified employees to retire with the same benefits as if they were age 62. … The terms of eligibility for the early retirement offerings are unambiguous — clearly stating that eligibility is limited to those who retire within the specified time period or "window.”

Koenick v. Felton

973 F. Supp. 522 · District Court, D. Maryland · Jul 2, 1997

Hence, the secular effects of the statute at issue in this case clearly predominate. … For similar reasons, the Maryland statute even more clearly satisfies the second prong of the Lemon test.

Jabari-Kitwala v. Montgomery County Public Schools

District Court, D. Maryland · Jun 23, 2023

As to all three remaining allegations5, the Plaintiff must establish that the retaliatory conduct: (1) qualifies as an “adverse employment action;” and (2) that a causal nexus exists between the retaliatory conduct and … Here, the Court finds that all three remaining allegations do qualify as adverse employment actions for the purposes of a retaliation claim.

Tutt v. Robinson

District Court, D. Maryland · Jul 24, 2025

Plaintiff clearly challenges state court proceedings that are ongoing. See Parsons 5 v. McDaniel, 784 Fed. … The naming of state court judicial officers is improper as they have immunity. In Murphy v.

Blue

District Court, D. Maryland · Mar 30, 2026

Furthermore, because Plaintiffs do not plead a cognizable constitutional violation, the individual defendant police officers are entitled to qualified immunity from Plaintiffs’ claims. See Anderson v. … their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable person would have known.”).

Citrano v. John Crane-Houdaille, Inc.

1 F. Supp. 3d 459 · District Court, D. Maryland · Feb 27, 2014

To qualify for removal under § 1442(a)(1), “the defendant must raise a colorable claim to a federal law defense and establish that there is a causal connection between plaintiffs’ claims and acts it performed under color … The defendant does not need to prove that his federal immunity defense will succeed to obtain removal. Jamison v. Wiley, 14 F.3d 222, 238 (4th Cir.1994).

Habron v. Epstein

412 F. Supp. 256 · District Court, D. Maryland · Apr 6, 1976

While the cases cited by plaintiff illustrate situations wherein the Court declared the statute in question unconstitutional, the statutes in those cases were clearly dissimilar to the one at hand — James v. … These results, which are likely to flow from Section 105A, are palpably sufficient to pass McGowan scrutiny by clearly offering a legitimate purpose for the statute.

Kaur v. Baltimore County Police Department

District Court, D. Maryland · Dec 9, 2022

The record evidence clearly establishes that the Sears Defendants had probable cause to believe that Plaintiff had committed theft of Sears’ property from the store. … In addition, public officials (including police officers) are entitled to qualified immunity for federal constitutional violations when “in light of clearly established law, [they] could reasonably believe that

Jackson v. Maryland Department of Commerce

District Court, D. Maryland · Feb 4, 2020

It is well- established that “an unconsenting State is immune from suits brought in federal courts by her own ‘citizens as well as by citizens of another State.” Edelman v. Jordan, 415 U.S. 651, 663 (1974). … Once again, such a practice, if true, would qualify as adverse employment action based on race.

Sanderson Farms, Inc. v. Tyson Foods, Inc.

549 F. Supp. 2d 708 · District Court, D. Maryland · Apr 15, 2008

In addition, consumers appear deceived with regard to the “qualified” claim, and Professor Mazis concludes that many consumers appear to separate the “qualified” claim into two concepts: (1) Tyson’s chicken has no antibiotics … Plaintiffs’ Amended Complaint clearly states a claim upon which relief can be granted with respect to the unqualified claim “Raised Without Antibiotics.”

Chang

District Court, D. Maryland · Jun 18, 2026

§ 1983; and 7) Defendants are entitled to qualified immunity. ECF No. 16-1. Mr. Chang responds that he did exhaust his administrative remedies and generally opposes Defendants’ motions. ECF No. 18 at 1. … Eleventh Amendment Immunity Mr.

Weyerhaeuser Corp. v. Koppers Co., Inc.

771 F. Supp. 1406 · District Court, D. Maryland · Feb 26, 1991

The applicable standards for analyzing a motion for summary judgment under Rule 56 are well-established. … Thus, testing for hazardous material qualifies as a “removal” cost under the statute.

Willis v. United States

450 F. Supp. 52 · District Court, D. Maryland · Mar 1, 1978

Plaintiff concedes that the remainder interests are future interests which do not qualify for the annual exclusions. … The Trust Agreement also provided that certain “additional authority, powers, discretion, immunity and exoneration are hereby conferred upon the Trustees” and that “the Trustees are hereby authorized and empowered” inter

Hammons v. University of Maryland Medical System Corporation

District Court, D. Maryland · Jul 28, 2021

Defendants argue in response that UMMS cannot be the State for purposes of state action and at the same time fail to qualify as an arm of the state for purposes of sovereign immunity. … Maine, 527 U.S. 706, 724 (1999) (“The Eleventh Amendment confirmed, rather than established, sovereign immunity as a constitutional principal”) and Hans v.

Polacsek v. Debticated Consumer Counseling, Inc.

413 F. Supp. 2d 539 · District Court, D. Maryland · Nov 23, 2005

The former enjoy neither an inherent incapacity for criminal activity nor immunity from its consequences. … While perhaps aimed primarily at pure credit repair organizations, the scope of its language also makes it clearly extendible, under appropriate circumstances, to CCAs.

Gandy v. Howard County Board Of Education

District Court, D. Maryland · Sep 1, 2021

Qualified immunity “protect[s] government officials performing discretionary functions from civil damage suits ‘insofar as [the officials’] conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional … In determining whether a defendant is entitled to qualified immunity, a court must decide (1) whether the defendant has violated a constitutional right of the plaintiff and (2) whether that right was clearly established

A.B. v. United States

24 F. Supp. 2d 488 · District Court, D. Maryland · Sep 17, 1998

The Government contends that “it is clearly the law that the adverse testimony privilege does not apply to the spouse’s testimony about facts that occurred before the marriage.” … Should AB.’s Testimony About Her Personal Financial History Qualify for the Spousal Privilege?

R. E. Duvall Co. v. Washington, B. & A. Electric R. Co.

51 F.2d 566 · District Court, D. Maryland · Jul 21, 1931

It may also be conceded that the mere fact that a granting clause includes a specific description of existing property does not necessarily limit or qualify subsequent general provisions of a broader scope. … The rules established for the interpretation of written instruments do not justify the detachment of general words from accompanying expressions of an explanatory character, and often times, as in this case, a broad phrase

Graham v. Miles

284 F. 878 · District Court, D. Maryland · Nov 21, 1922

Graham, is a judge of the Court of Claims having, after due appointment and confirmation, qualified as such on September 1, 1919. … Whether it would or would not have been willing to tax the minority, if the majority were immune, nobody knows, perhaps not even the members of that Congress, for upon that question they never were called upon to make up

Thomas

District Court, D. Maryland · Jul 21, 2026

Ultimately, the Chief of Police granted her some relief, although the Amended Complaint does not clearly set out the specific changes that were made to the PSHQ Room. … However, the complaint must allege sufficient facts to establish those elements.” Walters v. McMahen, 684 F.3d 435, 439 (4th Cir. 2012) (citation omitted).