“[A] dismissal on sovereign immunity grounds should be pursuant to Rule 12(b)(1) because no subject-matter jurisdiction exists.”
How later courts described this case
- “[A] dismissal on sovereign immunity grounds should be pursuant to Rule 12(b)(1) because no subject-matter jurisdiction exists.”
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ALABAMA
SOUTHERN DIVISION
ADAM HULBERT, )
)
Plaintiff, )
)
v. ) Case No. 2:22-cv-729-GMB
)
STATE OF ALABAMA, )
)
Defendant. )
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Plaintiff Adam Hulbert filed a pro se complaint against the State of Alabama
alleging that a judge, working on behalf of the State of Alabama, violated his rights
under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 by committing judicial misconduct. Doc. 1 at 1–3. Pursuant
to 28 U.S.C. § 636(c), the parties consented to the jurisdiction of a United States
Magistrate Judge. Doc. 9. Before the court is the State’s Motion to Dismiss. Doc. 5.
Hulbert did not file a response to the motion even though the court gave him the
opportunity to do so. Doc. 6 at 1. For the following reasons, the motion to dismiss
is due to be granted.
I. STANDARD OF REVIEW
The court evaluates a motion to dismiss based on Eleventh Amendment
sovereign immunity “under Rule 12(b)(1) where the analysis does not involve the
merits of the case.” Culverhouse v. S. Union Cmty. Coll., 2021 WL 2417154, at *1
(M.D. Ala. June 14, 2021); see also Thomas v. U.S. Postal Service, 364 F. App’x
600, 601 n.3 (11th Cir. 2010) (“[A] dismissal on sovereign immunity grounds should
be pursuant to Rule 12(b)(1) because no subject-matter jurisdiction exists.”) (citing
Bennett v. United States, 102 F.3d 486, 488 n.1 (11th Cir. 1996)). When “the [c]ourt
considers a challenge to subject matter jurisdiction, ‘the court must . . . take the
complaint’s allegations as true.’” Culverhouse, 2021 WL 2417154, at *2 (quoting
Carmichael v. Kellogg, Brown & Root Servs., Inc., 572 F.3d 1271, 1279 (11th Cir.
2009)).
II. DISCUSSION
Hulbert’s complaint stems from an adverse ruling in a divorce case in an
Alabama state court. Doc. 1 at 3. Hulbert sues the State of Alabama based on actions
of Judge George Simpson during that proceeding. Doc. 1 at 3. The State contends
that Hulbert’s claims are barred by sovereign immunity.1 Doc. 5 at 1–2. The court
agrees.
The Eleventh Amendment to the United States Constitution bars a plaintiff
from bringing a 42 U.S.C. § 1983 claim against the state. See Pennhurst St. Sch. &
Hosp. v. Halderman, 465 U.S. 89, 100 (1984). A state may waive its Eleventh
1 Although the State interprets the complaint as stating claims against Judge Simpson in his official
capacity, Hulbert did not name Judge Simpson as a defendant and, in fact, explicitly alleged that
“Judge Simpson is eliminated as a defendant and is replaced by the State of Alabama.” Doc. 1 at
3.
Amendment immunity, or Congress may abrogate this immunity. See Carr v. City
of Florence, Ala., 916 F.2d 1521, 1524-25 (11th Cir. 1990) (citations omitted).
Absent either of these, the state is entitled to immunity. In this case, the state has
not waived its immunity, nor has Congress abrogated its immunity. Accordingly,
the complaint is due to be dismissed.
Ht. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss (Doc. 5) is due to
be granted. A separate final order will be entered.
DONE and ORDERED on October 3, 2022.
OF on
GRAY M.BORDEN
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE