The opinion
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF ALABAMA
WESTERN DIVISION
RUSSELL CARR, )
)
PLAINTIFF
)
v. )
) 7:21-cv-00712-LSC
ARAMARK FOOD AND
)
SUPPORT SERVICES INC.
)
AND ARAMARK
)
EMPLOYEE “A”
)
DEFENDANTS.
MEMORANDUM OF OPINION AND ORDER
Before the Court are Plaintiff’s Motion to Remand and Plaintiff’s request to
conduct discovery regarding the fictitiously named defendant. (Doc. 4; Doc. 7 at 2.)
The motions have been fully briefed and are ripe for review. For the reasons stated
below, Plaintiff’s Motion to Remand (Doc. 4) and request to conduct discovery
(Doc. 7 at 2) are DENIED.
I. BACKGROUND
Plaintiff Russell Carr (“Mr. Carr” or “Plaintiff”) brings this action against
Defendant Aramark Food and Support Services Group Inc. (“Aramark”) and
fictitious Defendant Aramark Employee “A” (“Employee ‘A’”) (collectively
“Defendants”). On May 21, 2021, Mr. Carr filed this action in the Circuit Court of
Tuscaloosa County asserting a state law claim of negligence against Aramark and
Employee “A” to recover damages relating to the Plaintiff’s alleged injuries. On or
about August 20, 2020, Mr. Carr was working as maintenance staff for the
University of Alabama at Mary Burke Hall on the University of Alabama campus.
When Mr. Carr was rounding a corner, fictitious Defendant Employee “A”
allegedly sprayed a pressurized chemical onto Mr. Carr’s face. As a result of the
accident, Mr. Carr suffered injuries for which he demands damages from Employee
“A” and Aramark.
On May 21, 2021, Aramark and Employee “A” filed a notice of removal based
on diversity jurisdiction, alleging that “Aramark Educational Services, LLC,” was
incorrectly designated in the complaint as, “Aramark Food and Support Services
Group, Inc.,” and is a Delaware corporation with its principal place of business in
Pennsylvania. Furthermore, Aramark contends that Employee “A,” was at the
commencement of this action, a fictitious party, and that in determining whether a
civil action is removable on the basis of diversity jurisdiction, the citizenship of
defendants sued under fictitious names shall be disregarded. 28 U.S.C § § 1332 and
1441. (Doc. 1.) On June 1, 2021, Plaintiff filed a Motion to Remand, asserting that
complete diversity of the parties was lacking because Plaintiff had described the
fictitious defendant, Aramark Employee “A” with such specificity that his Alabama
citizenship could not reasonably be questioned. (Doc. 4 at 2.)
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
Federal courts are courts of “limited jurisdiction” and can only hear cases
authorized by the United States Constitution or by federal statute. Kokkonen v.
Guardian Life Ins. Co. of America, 511 U.S. 375, 377 (1994). A defendant may remove
an action initially filed in state court to federal court if the action is one over which
the federal court has original jurisdiction. 28 U.S.C. § 1441(a); Caterpillar Inc. v.
Williams, 482 U.S. 386, 392 (1987). Diversity jurisdiction is conferred by 28 U.S.C.
§1332 and requires an amount in controversy over $75,000 and complete diversity
of all parties. 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a)(1). Because there is no dispute that the amount in
controversy is over $75,000, the sole issue in this case is whether there is complete
diversity of the parties.
III. DISCUSSION
This Court’s diversity jurisdiction is established at the time the notice of
removal is filed. Howell v. Cir. City, 330 F. Supp. 2d 1314, 1317 (M.D. Ala. 2004)
(citing St. Paul Mercury Indemnity Co. v. Red Cab Co., 303 U.S. 283, 289 (1938)). 28
U.S.C. §1441 governs the removal of civil actions and provides that the citizenship
of fictitious parties is to be disregarded for the purpose of determining diversity
jurisdiction. 28 U.S.C. § 1441(b)(1); Howell, 330 F. Supp. 2d at 1317. “Even if ‘the
fictitious defendants [are] likely’ not diverse, their citizenship must ‘be disregarded
for purposes of diversity jurisdiction.’” Smith v. Comcast Corp., 786 F. App'x 935,
939 (11th Cir. 2019) (quoting Walker v. CSX Transp. Inc., 650 F.3d 1392, 1395 n.11
(11th Cir. 2011)). For removal purposes, the law does not care whether the named
defendants knew the citizenship and true names of the fictitiously named
defendants. Smith, 786 F. App'x at 939.
Here, the plain language of the removal statute instructs this Court to
disregard the citizenship of Employee “A” for diversity jurisdiction purposes. As
Mr. Carr is a citizen of Alabama and Aramark is a citizen of Delaware or
Pennsylvania, diversity jurisdiction exists. Mr. Carr argues that “Aramark knows the
identity and address of its employee,” and alleges that Employee “A” lives in
Alabama. (Doc. 4 at 3.) This may be true. However, this Court need not consider
whether Aramark knows this information or if it is true. Smith, 786 F. App'x at 939.
Even if it is likely that Employee “A” is not diverse from Mr. Carr, the citizenship
of Employee “A” must still be disregarded for purposes of diversity jurisdiction. Id.
Plaintiff cites several cases in which “courts have found that where a
plaintiff’s complaint provides a description of a fictitious defendant in such a way
that his or her identity cannot reasonably be questioned, the court should consider
the citizenship of the fictitious defendant.” Marshall v. CSX Transp. Co., 916 F.
Supp. 1150 (M.D. Ala. 1995) (citing Lacy v. ABC Ins. Co., No. CIV.A. 95-3122, 1995
WL 688786 at *3 (E.D.La. Nov. 17, 1995)); Brown v. TranSouth Fin. Corp., 897
F.Supp. 1398, 1401-02 (M.D.Ala.1995); Tompkins v. Lowe’s Home Ctr., Inc., 847
F.Supp. 462, 464 (E.D.La.1994) (citing Green v. Mutual of Omaha, 550 F.Supp. 815,
818 (N.D.Cal.1982)).
However, the Eleventh Circuit so far has declined to adopt any rule which
allows plaintiffs to describe a fictitious defendant with such specificity as to allow
courts to consider their citizenship in a removal context. Smith, 786 F. App'x at 940.
The Eleventh Circuit further noted that “such a holding would seem inconsistent
with the removal statute’s text.” Id. However, even if this exception did apply, Mr.
Carr has not described Employee “A” with sufficient precision to fit within the
exception. Here, Mr. Carr only knows the fictitious defendant’s alleged employer,
Aramark, and the date of the incident. Mr. Carr fails to state the fictitious
defendant’s job title. Mr. Carr fails to state the time of the accident. Mr. Carr fails to
describe the fictious defendant in any detail whatsoever. As a result, Mr. Carr has
failed to describe the defendant with such a way that his or her identity cannot
reasonably be questioned. Accordingly, because Mr. Carr and Aramark are diverse
and the amount in controversy is met, this Court has diversity jurisdiction over the
case.
In the alternative, Plaintiff asks this Court for leave to conduct discovery as to
the identity of the Aramark employee. (Doc. 7 at 2.) However, “when assessing
removal, the citizenship of fictitiously named defendants must be ‘disregarded,’ not
discovered.” Smith, 786 F. App’x at 939. Accordingly, Plaintiff's request is
DENIED. This Court recognizes that Plaintiff will likely discover the citizenship of
Employee “A” and will no doubt then request to add them as a party. If this Court
grants that request and diversity is thereby destroyed, this case will be remanded to
the Circuit Court of Tuscaloosa County.
IV. CONCLUSION
For the reasons stated above, Plaintiff’s Motion to Remand (Doc. 4) and
request to conduct discovery (Doc. 7 at 2) are DENIED.
DONE and ORDERED on October 19, 2021.
X Sx Cf
L Scott Coogffr
United States Distct Judge
206770