Sullivan v. Johnson (INMATE 1)(LEAD CASE)

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE MIDDLE DISTRICT OF ALABAMA

EASTERN DIVISION

DARYUS D. SULLIVAN, )

)

Plaintiff, )

)

v. ) CIVIL ACTION NO. 3:21-CV-689-WHA-SRW

) [WO]

RUSSELL COUNTY JAIL et al., )

)

Defendants. )

RECOMMENDATION OF THE MAGISTRATE JUDGE

Plaintiff is an inmate incarcerated at the Russell County Jail in Phenix City, Alabama. He

brings this 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action alleging that Defendants have failed to protect him from unsafe

and unsanitary conditions at the jail and that his First Amendment Rights are violated because

inmates are not allowed to talk during “lockdown” hours. He names as Defendants the Russell

County Jail, Russell County Sheriff’s Department, Sgt. Schroeder, Lt. Johnson, Paul Weatherly,

Staff Sgt., and Heath Taylor, Sheriff. He asks the Court to come to the jail facility “unannounced”

to speak with him and “to get the government involved in this jail.” Doc. 1. Upon review, the court

concludes that dismissal of Plaintiff's claims against the Russell County Jail and the Russell

County Sherriff’s Department prior to service of process is appropriate under and 28 U.S.C. §

1915A(b)(1).1

I. DISCUSSION

Plaintiff names the Russell County Sheriff’s Department as a defendant. The law is settled

that a county sheriff’s department “is not a legal entity and, therefore, is not subject to suit or

1 A prisoner who is allowed to proceed in forma pauperis in this court will have his complaint screened in

accordance with the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B). This screening procedure requires the court

to dismiss a prisoner’s civil action prior to service of process if it determines that the complaint is frivolous,

malicious, fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or seeks monetary damages from a

defendant who is immune from such relief. 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(i)-(iii).

liability under section 1983.” Dean v. Barber, 951 F.2d 1210, 1214 (11th Cir. 1992). The capacity

of a party to be sued is “determined by the law of the state in which the district court is held.” Id.

Both federal and state law are settled that a county sheriff's department is not a legal entity subject

to suit or liability. Id.; White v. Birchfield, 582 So.2d 1085, 1087 (Ala. 1991). In light of the

foregoing, it is clear that the Russell County Sheriff’s Office is not a legal entity subject to suit,

and it is, therefore, due to be dismissed.

Plaintiff also names the Russell County Jail as a defendant. The law is settled that

in order to state a claim for relief under Section 1983, a plaintiff must satisfy two

elements. First, a plaintiff must allege that an act or omission deprived him “of

some right, privilege, or immunity secured by the Constitution or laws of the United

States.” Hale v. Tallapoosa Cty., 50 F.3d 1579, 1582 (11th Cir. 1995). Second, a

plaintiff must allege that the act or omission was committed by “a person acting

under color of state law.” Id. While local governments qualify as “persons” under

Section 1983, state agencies and penal institutions are generally not considered

legal entities subject to suit. See Grech v. Clayton Cty., 335 F.3d 1326, 1343 (11th

Cir. 2003). Consequently, a county jail [is] not [a] viable defendant[] under Section

1983. Williams v. Chatham Cty. Sherriff’s Complex, Case No. 4:07-CV-68, 2007

WL 2345243, at *1 (S.D. Ga. Aug. 14, 2007) (“The county jail . . . has no

independent legal identity and therefore is not an entity that is subject to suit under

Section 1983.”).

Bell v. Brown, 2017 WL 3473845, at *5 (S.D. Ga. Aug. 11, 2017); see Ex parte Dixon, 55 So.3d

1171, 1172 n.1 (Ala. 2010) (“Generally, the departments and subordinate entities of municipalities,

counties, and towns that are not separate legal entities or bodies do not have the capacity to sue or

be sued in the absence of specific statutory authority.”).

In light of the foregoing, it is clear the Russell County Jail and the Russell County Sheriff’s

Department are not a legal entities subject to suit and are, therefore, due to be dismissed as a

defendants under 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1).

II. CONCLUSION

Accordingly, it is the RECOMMENDATION of the Magistrate Judge that:

1. Plaintiff's claims against the Russell County Jail and the Russell County Sheriff’s

Department be DISMISSED with prejudice prior to service of process pursuant to the provisions

of 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1);

2. The Russell County Jail and the Russell County Sheriff’s Department be

TERMINATED as parties; and

3. This case be referred to the undersigned for additional proceedings.

It is further

ORDERED that on or before November 5, 2021, Plaintiff may file an objection to the

Recommendation. Any objection must specifically identify the findings in the Recommendation

to which Plaintiff objects. Frivolous, conclusive or general objections will not be considered by

the District Court. Plaintiff is further advised this Recommendation is not a final order and,

therefore, it is not appealable.

Failure to file written objections to the proposed findings and recommendations in the

Magistrate Judge’s report shall bar a party from a de novo determination by the District Court of

factual findings and legal issues covered in the report and shall “waive the right to challenge on

appeal the district court’s order based on unobjected-to factual and legal conclusions” except upon

grounds of plain error if necessary in the interests of justice. 11th Cir. R. 3-1; see Resolution Trust

Co. v. Hallmark Builders, Inc., 996 F.2d 1144, 1149 (11th Cir. 1993); Henley v. Johnson, 885 F.2d

790, 794 (11th Cir. 1989).

DONE, on this the 22nd day of October, 2021.

/s/ Susan Russ Walker _

Susan Russ Walker

United States Magistrate Judge