The opinion
Rothman v 40 W 25 LLC
2024 NY Slip Op 31483(U)
April 26, 2024
Supreme Court, New York County
Docket Number: Index No. 152775/2020
Judge: David B. Cohen
Cases posted with a "30000" identifier, i.e., 2013 NY Slip
Op 30001(U), are republished from various New York
State and local government sources, including the New
York State Unified Court System's eCourts Service.
This opinion is uncorrected and not selected for official
publication.
[FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 04/26/2024 03:00 P~ INDEX NO. 152775/2020
NYSCEF DOC. NO. 142 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/26/2024
SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK
NEW YORK COUNTY
PRESENT: HON. DAVID B. COHEN PART 58
Justice
----------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------X INDEX NO. 152775/2020
SHEILA ROTHMAN,
MOTION DATE 06/22/2023
Plaintiff,
MOTION SEQ. NO. 003 004
- V -
40 W 25 LLC, THE KAUFMAN ORGANIZATION, A.B.
IMPORT EXPORT CO. D/B/A SHOWPLACE ESTATE DECISION + ORDER ON
BUYERS, MOTION
Defendants.
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The following e-filed documents, listed by NYSCEF document number (Motion 003) 77, 78, 79, 80, 81,
82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 117, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 135
were read on this motion to/for JUDGMENT-SUMMARY
The following e-filed documents, listed by NYSCEF document number (Motion 004) 89, 90, 91, 92, 93,
94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,115,
116,118,127,128,129,130,131,132,133,134,136
were read on this motion to/for JUDGMENT-SUMMARY
In this personal injury action, motion sequence nos. 003 and 004 are consolidated for
disposition. In motion sequence no. 003, defendants 40 W 25 LLC and The Kaufman Organization
(Owner defendants) move, pursuant to CPLR 3212, for summary judgment dismissing the
amended complaint and the cross-claims asserted against them. In motion sequence no. 004, third-
party defendant Unitech Design, Inc., d/b/a Space Sign (Unitech) moves, pursuant to CPLR 3212,
for summary judgment dismissing the amended complaint and the third-party complaint as against
it, and all other claims on the ground that there is no material issue of fact regarding its liability.
Plaintiff opposes both motions.
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Motion No. 003 004
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I. FACTUAL BACKGROUND
Plaintiff alleges that, on January 19, 2020, she tripped on one of the support poles of a
canopy located at 40 West 25th Street in Manhattan (Premises), and then fell, sustaining personal
injuries. The canopy was designed and installed by third-party defendant Unitech. Defendant
A.B. Import-Export Co. d/b/a Showplace Estate Buyers (A.B.) was a tenant of a portion of the
building located at the Premises (Building). Plaintiff alleges that AB. "erected, maintained and/or
owned the canopy appurtenant and/or attached it to" the Premises (NYSCEF 1).
On March 15, 2020, plaintiff commenced this action in which she alleges that, on the day
of the incident, as she was stepping toward the Premises, "she was caused to trip and fell on a
metal bar protruding at an angle from the [canopy] of the awning in front of the premises" (id.).
Owner defendants served an answer in which they admitted that 40 W 25 LLC owned the
Premises (Owner), and that The Kaufman Organization (Kaufman) is the managing agent
(NYSCEF 2).
On January 26, 2021, plaintiff filed an amended complaint (NYSCEF 11 ), and thereafter,
A.B. answered the amended complaint (NYSCEF 14), and then commenced a third-party action
impleading Unitech (NYSCEF 18). On March 24, 2021, Unitech filed its answer (NYSCEF 27),
and plaintiff then served a verified Bill of Particulars on Unitech (NYSCEF 105).
By decision dated February 13, 2024 (NYSCEF 137), A.B.'s motion for summary
judgment was denied, as there remained issues of fact as to whether A.B. had made special use of
the canopy, and whether the canopy could be considered an open and obvious danger.
The salient facts are set forth in detail in this Court's February 13, 2024 decision and order.
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Motion No. 003 004
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[FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 04/26/2024 03:00 P~ INDEX NO. 152775/2020
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II. CONCLUSIONS OF LAW
"' [T]he proponent of a summary judgment motion must make a prima facie showing of
entitlement to judgment as a matter of law, tendering sufficient evidence to demonstrate the
absence of any material issues of fact'" (Ayotte v Gervasio, 81 NY2d 1062, 1063 [1993] [citation
omitted]; Winegrad v New York Univ. Med. Ctr., 64 NY2d 851, 853 [1985]). The burden is a
heavy one: the facts must be viewed in the light most favorable to the non-moving party and every
available inference must be drawn in the non-moving party's favor (Sherman v New York State
Thruway Auth., 27 NY3d 1019, 1021 [2016]). "Failure to make such showing requires denial of
the motion, regardless of the sufficiency of the opposing papers" (Winegrad, 64 NY2d at 853; see
also Lesocovich v 180 Madison Ave. Corp., 81 NY2d 982 [1993]).
The party opposing summary judgment has the burden of presenting evidentiary facts
sufficient to raise triable issues of fact (Zuckerman v City ofNew York, 49 NY2d 557, 562 [1980];
CitiFinancial Co. [DE] v McKinney, 27 AD3d 224, 226 [1st Dept 2006]). Summary judgment
may be granted only when it is clear that no triable issues of fact exist (Alvarez v Prospect Hosp.,
68 NY2d 320, 324 [1986]), and "is inappropriate in any case where there are material issues of
fact in dispute or where more than one conclusion may be drawn from the established facts"
(Friends of Thayer Lake LLC v Brown, 27 NY3d 1039, 1043 [2016]).
To establish a prima facie claim for negligence under New York law, "a plaintiff must
demonstrate (1) a duty owed by the defendant to the plaintiff, (2) a breach thereof, and (3) injury
proximately resulting therefrom" (Solomon v City of New York, 66 NY2d 1026, 1027 [1985];
accord JE. v Beth Israel Hosp., 295 AD2d 281,283 [1st Dept 2002]; Wayburn v Madison Land
Ltd. Partnership, 282 AD2d 301,302 [1st Dept 2001]). "Because a finding of negligence must be
based on the breach of a duty, a threshold question in torts cases is whether the alleged tortfeasor
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owed a duty of care to the injured party" (Espinal v Melville Snow Contrs., 98 NY2d 136, 138
[2002]). Absent a duty of care to the person injured, a party cannot be held liable in negligence
(Palsgraf v Long Is. R.R. Co., 248 NY 339, 341-342 [1928]).
A. Owner defendants' motion
"Liability for a dangerous condition on property may only be predicated upon occupancy,
ownership, control or special use of such premises" (Gibbs v Port Auth. of NY, 17 AD3d 252,
254 [1st Dept 2005]; accord Adriana G. v Kipp Wash. Hgts. Middle Sch., 165 AD3d 469,469 [1st
Dept 2018]). Absent evidence of ownership, occupancy, control or special use of property, a party
cannot be held liable for injury caused by the defective or dangerous condition of the property
(Reid v City of New York, 168 AD3d 447 [1st Dept 2019]).
In support of their motion for summary judgment, Owner defendants argue that they owed
no duty of care to plaintiff, because "[AB.] clearly had responsibility over the canopy, which it is
undisputed they bought, installed, managed and maintained. Other than giving permission to
install such a canopy, the building had no other involvement with this structure, including the
support pole, a structure that there was no evidence of any complaints about" (NYSCEF 78).
Owner defendants demonstrate that they had no duty to maintain the canopy by lease or
agreement, they did not create the alleged dangerous condition, and they had no actual or
constructive notice of it, and, thus, they are entitled to dismissal of plaintiffs claims against them
(see e.g., Madonia v City of NY, 164 AD3d 1320 [2d Dept 2018] [owners entitled to summary
dismissal as object on which plaintiff tripped on sidewalk was not created by them, was not result
of negligent repair, and they did not make special use of area]).
In light of this result, Owner defendants' other arguments in favor of dismissal are not
considered.
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!FILED: NEW YORK COUNTY CLERK 04/26/2024 03: 00 PM! INDEX NO. 152775/2020
NYSCEF DOC. NO. 142 RECEIVED NYSCEF: 04/26/2024
B. Unitech's motion
The court record does not reflect that plaintiff has asserted a direct claim against Unitech,
and thus that portion of Unitech's motion seeking dismissal of plaintiffs claim(s) against it is
denied as academic.
Moreover, as third-party plaintiff A.B. did not oppose dismissal of the third-party action,
it is dismissed (see Sancino v Metro. Tr. Auth., 184 AD3d 534 [1st Dept 2020] [plaintiff abandoned
claim by failing to oppose motion seeking dismissal of claim]).
Accordingly, it is hereby
ORDERED, the motion for summary judgment by defendants 40 W 25 LLC and The
Kaufman Organization (motion sequence no. 003) is granted, and plaintiffs claims and any cross-
claims asserted against them are severed and dismissed, and the clerk is directed to enter judgment
accordingly; it is further
ORDERED, the motion for summary judgment by third-party defendant Unitech Design,
Inc., d/b/a Space Sign (motion sequence no. 004) is granted to the extent of severing and dismissing
the third-party action, and the clerk is directed to enter judgment accordingly; and it is further
ORDERED, that the remaining parties appear for a settlement/trial scheduling conference
before this Court on August 7, 2024, at 11:00 am, at 71 Thomas Street, Room 305, New York,
New York.
4/26/2024
DATE DAVID B. COHEN, J.S.C.
~
CHECK ONE: CASE DISPOSED NON-FINAL DISPOSITION
GRANTED □ DENIED GRANTED IN PART □ OTHER
APPLICATION: SETTLE ORDER SUBMIT ORDER
CHECK IF APPROPRIATE: INCLUDES TRANSFER/REASSIGN FIDUCIARY APPOINTMENT □ REFERENCE
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Motion No. 003 004
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