The opinion
Supreme Court of Florida
____________
No. SC2023-0005
____________
IN RE: AMENDMENTS TO FLORIDA RULES OF CIVIL
PROCEDURE FOR INVOLUNTARY COMMITMENT OF SEXUALLY
VIOLENT PREDATORS.
August 31, 2023
CORRECTED OPINION
PER CURIAM.
The Supreme Court Criminal Court Steering Committee filed a
report proposing amendments to the Florida Rules of Civil
Procedure for Involuntary Commitment of Sexually Violent
Predators. 1 The Committee unanimously approved the proposed
amendments and published the proposal for comment prior to filing
it with the Court. No comments were received. After the Committee
filed its report, the Court published the proposal for comment, and
no comments were received.
1. We have jurisdiction. See art. V, § 2(a), Fla. Const.; Fla. R.
Gen. Prac. & Jud. Admin. 2.140(b)(1).
The Court hereby adopts the amendments as proposed by the
Committee with slight modification. The amendments are generally
grammatical in nature and involve reflecting the name change from
the Florida Rules of Judicial Administration to the Florida Rules of
General Practice and Judicial Administration, adding titles for
subdivisions that currently are lacking titles, providing consistency
with other court rules and the Guidelines for Rules Submissions,
and streamlining existing verbiage.
Accordingly, we amend the Florida Rules of Civil Procedure for
Involuntary Commitment of Sexually Violent Predators as reflected
in the appendix to this opinion. New language is indicated by
underscoring; deletions are indicated by struck-through type. The
amendments shall become effective January 1, 2024, at 12:01 a.m.
It is so ordered.
MUÑIZ, C.J., and CANADY, LABARGA, COURIEL, GROSSHANS,
FRANCIS, and SASSO, JJ., concur.
THE FILING OF A MOTION FOR REHEARING SHALL NOT ALTER
THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF THESE AMENDMENTS.
Original Proceeding – Florida Rules of Civil Procedure
Judge Joseph A. Bulone, Chair, Criminal Court Steering
Committee, Clearwater, Florida, and Bart Schneider, Staff Liaison,
Office of the State Courts Administrator, Tallahassee, Florida,
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for Petitioner
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APPENDIX
RULE 4.010. SCOPE AND TITLE OF RULES
These rules shall apply to all civil actions filed in the circuit
courts of the State of Florida pursuant to part V, chapter 394,
Florida Statutes. These rules shall beare known as the Florida
Rules of Civil Procedure for Involuntary Commitment of Sexually
Violent Predators and abbreviated as Fla. R. Civ. P. – S.V.P.
RULE 4.040. PARTIES
The State of Florida shall beis the petitioner in actions brought
under these rules. Any person who is alleged to be a sexually
violent predator shall beis designated as the respondent.
RULE 4.060. VENUE AND TRANSFERS OF ACTIONS
Venue for bringing a petition under Part V, chapter 394,
Florida Statutes, shallmust be (1) in the county where the
respondent was last charged and convicted of a qualifying offense;
(2) if the person has never been convicted of a qualifying offense in
this state but has been convicted of such an offense in another
state or in federal court, in the county where the person was last
convicted of any offense in this state; or (3) if the person is being
confined in this state pursuant to interstate compact and has a
prior or current conviction for a sexually violent offense, in the
county where the person plans to reside upon release or, if no
residence in this state is planned, in the county where the facility
from which the person to be released is located. If it should appear
at any time that the action is pending in the wrong county, it may
be transferred by motion of any party or on motion by the court.
-4-
RULE 4.070. PROCESS
(a) Issuance. The clerk of the court shallmust issue a
summons, a copy of the petition, any accompanying affidavits, and
a copy of the order finding probable cause to the respondent upon
receipt of an order finding probable cause signed by a circuit judge.
The summons shallmust direct the respondent to file an answer to
the petition within ten days after the date of service. The state
attorney shallmust serve a copy of the petition and related
documents upon the attorney appointed to represent the
respondent pursuant to rule 4.080. The finding of probable cause
shallis not become effective until the summons is returned served
and filed with the clerk of the court.
(b) Service; By Whom Made. The state attorney shallmust
electronically transmit a copy of the summons, petition, any
accompanying affidavits, and the order finding probable cause to
the person in charge of the facility in which the respondent is
confined. The person in charge of the facility shallmust serve a
printed copy of the summons, the petition, any accompanying
affidavits, and order finding probable cause on the respondent
within 24 hours after receiving it and before the respondent is
transferred to a secure facility. The person in charge of the facility
in which the respondent is confined shallmust make a return on
the summons within 24 hours after making service, by
electronically confirming to the state attorney that service has been
made. The state attorney shallmust file a printed copy of the return
with the clerk, along with the summons, on the first business day
after receiving it. Additional process may be issued as in other civil
actions.
RULE 4.080. SERVICE AND FILING OF PLEADINGS, PAPERS,
AND DOCUMENTS
(a) Service; When Required. Unless the court otherwise
orders, every pleading subsequent to the initial pleading and every
other document filed in the action, except applications for a witness
subpoena, shallmust be served on the opposing party.
-5-
(b) Service of Subsequent Pleadings Other Than Original
Petition; How Made. When service is required or permitted to be
made upon a party represented by an attorney, service shallmust be
made upon the attorney unless service upon the party is ordered by
the court. Service on the attorney or party shallmust be as required
by Fla. R. Gen. Prac. & Jud. Admin. 2.516.
(c) Filing. All documents that are “court records” as defined
in the Florida Rules of General Practice and Judicial Administration
must be filed with the clerk in accordance with Fla. R. Gen. Prac. &
Jud. Admin. 2.520 and 2.525.
(d) Deposit with the Clerk. Any paper document that is a
judgment or required by statute or rule to be sworn to or notarized
shallmust be filed and deposited with the clerk immediately
thereafter. The clerk shallmust maintain deposited original paper
documents in accordance with Fla. R. Gen. Prac. & Jud. Admin.
2.430, unless otherwise ordered by the court.
RULE 4.090. TIME
(a) Computation. Computation of time shall beis governed
by Florida Rule of General Practice and Judicial Administration
2.514.
(b) [NO CHANGE]
RULE 4.100. PLEADINGS AND MOTIONS
(a) Pleadings. There shallmust be a petition and an answer
to it. The answer shallmust set forth any affirmative defense to the
petition, including the failure of the petition to state a cause of
action. No other pleadings shall beare allowed. All pleadings
shallmust comply with the rules governing pleadings in other civil
actions. (Rules 1.100 and 1.110, Fla. R. Civ. P.)
-6-
(b) Motions. An application to the court for an order
shallmust be by motion which shallmust be made in writing unless
made during a hearing or trial, shallmust state with particularity
the grounds therefor, and shallmust set forth the relief or order
sought. The requirement of writing is fulfilled if the motion is stated
in a written notice of the hearing of the motion. All notices of
hearing shallmust specify each motion or other matter to be heard.
(c) Caption. Every pleading, motion, order, judgment, or
other document shallmust have a caption containing the name of
the court, the uniform case number, the name of the party on each
side, and a designation identifying the party filing it and its nature
or the nature of the order, as the case may be. All documents filed
in the action shall be styled in such a manner as tomust clearly
indicate clearly the subject matter of the paper and the party
requesting or obtaining relief.
RULE 4.110. MOTIONS
(a) Motion for Summary Judgment. After the pleadings
and discovery are closed, but within such time as not to delay the
trial, any party may move for summary judgment. Summary
judgment practice shall beis governed by Fla. R. Civ. P. 1.510.
(b) Motions to Dismiss. Motions directed to the sufficiency
of the petition shallmust be contained in the answer as an
affirmative defense.
(c) Motion for More Definite Statement. A respondent may
file a motion for a more definite statement which shallmust be
considered a motion for a statement of particulars in response to
the original petition. The motion shallmust disclose the defects in
the petition.
-7-
RULE 4.200. APPOINTMENT OF COUNSEL
(a) Appointment of Attorney. The presiding judge
shallmust appoint an attorney to represent the respondent at the
time an order finding probable cause is entered. The appointment
shall continues until the court determines whether the respondent
is not entitled to court appointed counsel, private counsel
represents the respondent, or the respondent waives the right to
counsel. Stand-by counsel may be appointed if the respondent
waives the right to counsel.
(b) Waiver of Counsel. The court shallmust conduct an
thorough inquiry as set forth in Faretta v. California, 422 U.S. 4806
(1975), in the event the respondent unequivocally requests self-
representation, and shallmay consider appointment of stand-by
counsel if the respondent proceeds unrepresented.
RULE 4.220. ADVERSARIAL PROBABLE CAUSE HEARING
(a) Time; Waiver. An adversarial probable cause hearing
shallmust be held, within 5 days after service of a demand upon the
petitioner, if the court determines that the failure to begin a trial in
accordance with the time provided in rule 4.240(a) is not the result
of any delay caused by the respondent and the time limitation to
begin the hearing has not been waived. The respondent may waive
the adversarial probable cause hearing in writing or on the record
in open court.
(b) If Respondent in Department of Children and Family
Services Custody. An adversarial probable cause hearing
shallmust be held, within 5 days after service of a demand upon the
petitioner, if the respondent’s incarcerative sentence has expired
and the respondent has been transferred to the custody of the
Department of Children and Family Services.
(c) Probable Cause. The court shallmust receive evidence,
hear argument of the attorneys, and determine whether probable
-8-
cause exists to believe that the person is a sexually violent predator
at the adversarial probable cause hearing.
(d) Rights of Respondent. At the adversarial probable
cause hearing, the respondent has the right to:
(1) – (4) [NO CHANGE]
(e) If No Probable Cause. The court shallmust issue an
Order of No Probable Cause and release the respondent from
custody if the evidence does not establish probable cause to believe
the respondent is a sexually violent predator.
RULE 4.240. TRIAL PROCEEDINGS AFTER FINDING OF
PROBABLE CAUSE; 5 DAY STATUS HEARING;
DETERMINATION OF COUNSEL FOR THE
RESPONDENT; WAIVER OF TIME LIMITATIONS
(a) 5 Day Status Hearing; Time for Trial; Waiver of Time.
The court shallmust conduct a status hearing within 5 days after
the summons is served. At the hearing, the court shallmust
determine if the respondent is entitled to court appointed counsel,
and must appoint counsel if the respondent qualifies for and
requests itcounsel. The respondent shallmust be given a reasonable
time to obtain private counsel if time is requested for that purpose.
A Faretta inquiry shallmust be conducted if the respondent
unequivocally elects self- representation. The trial to determine if
the respondent is a sexually violent predator shallmust be
commenced within 30 days after the summons has been returned
served and filed with the clerk of the court, unless the respondent
waives the 30- day time period in writing, with a copy to the
assigned judge, or on the record in open court. The court shallmust
set a trial date not less than 90 days after the date of the waiver of
the 30- day period. Further continuances shallwill be allowed only
on good cause shown. A future trial date shallmust be set if a
further continuance is allowed.
(b) Non-Jury or Jury Trial. The trial shallwill be to the
court without a jurya non-jury trial unless the state attorney or the
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respondenteither party files a demand for jury trial in accordance
with rule 4.430.
(c) Burden of Persuasion. The burden of proof for the judge
or jury to determine if the respondent is a sexually violent predator
is clear and convincing evidence.
(d) Unanimity. The court shallmust enter final judgment for
the petitioner if thea jury unanimously finds the respondent to be a
sexually violent predator.
(e) Hung Jury; Time for Re-trial. The court shallmust
declare a mistrial if the jury cannot reach a unanimous verdict. The
court shallmust poll the jury before it is discharged to determine if
at least four jurors would have found the respondent to be a
sexually violent predator.
(1) A re-trial shallmust be scheduled if at least four
jurors would have found the respondent to be a sexually violent
predator. The re-trial on the petition must commence within 90
days after the date of the mistrial, unless the case is continued at
the request of the respondent for good cause. The court shallmust
enter final judgment for the respondent if the re-trial is not
commenced within 90 days from the date of the mistrial unless the
respondent has waived the time limit by receiving a continuance.
(2) If three or more jurors do not find that the
respondent is a sexually violent predator, the court shallmust enter
a final judgment in favor of the respondent.
RULE 4.260. CONTINUANCE OF TRIAL
A motion for continuance by either party shallmust be in
writing unless made in a hearing in open court and shallmust be
signed by the party or attorney requesting the continuance. The
motion shallmust state all of the facts that the movant contends
entitles the movant to a continuance. If a continuance is sought on
the ground of non-availability of a witness, the motion must
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showstate when the witness will be available. The trial may be
continued once upon the request of either party for not more than
120 days upon a showing of good cause, or by the court on its own
motion in the interests of justice, when the personneither party will
not be substantially prejudiced. No additional continuances may be
granted unless the court finds that a manifest injustice would
otherwise occur. Continuances should only be ordered only upon a
showing of good cause. A motion for continuance on behalf of the
respondent shallmust state that the respondent has been advised of
all consequences of the request and of any rights waived by the
motion.
RULE 4.280. GENERAL PROVISIONS GOVERNING DISCOVERY
(a) [NO CHANGE]
(b) Scope of Discovery. Unless otherwise limited by order
of the court in accordance with these rules, the scope of discovery is
as follows:
(1) [NO CHANGE]
(2) Trial Preparation: Materials. Subject to the
provisions of subdivision (b)(1) of this rule, a party may obtain
discovery of documents and tangible things otherwise discoverable
under subdivision (b)(1) of this rule and prepared in anticipation of
litigation for trial only upon a showing that the party seeking
discovery has need of the materials in the preparation of the case
and is unable without undue hardship to obtain the substantial
equivalent of the materials by other means. In ordering discovery of
the materials when the required showing has been made, the court
shallmust protect against disclosure of the mental impressions,
conclusions, opinions, or legal theories of an attorney or other
representative of a party concerning the litigation.
(3) Trial Preparation.
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(A) (i) The state attorney bringing the action
shallmust disclose the names and addresses of all witnesses to be
called by the petitioner to testify at trial at the time of the filing of
the petition. The respondent shallmust disclose the names and
addresses of all witnesses to be called by the respondent at trial at
the time of filing the answer to the petition. The list of witnesses
may be amended without leave of court until ten days prior to trial.
Thereafter, the witness lists may be amended by leave of court.
(ii) The witness list shallmust include the
names and addresses of expert witnesses. A copy of all reports
made by experts shallmust be disclosed as soon as they are
received. An expert may be required to produce financial and
business records only under the most unusual or compelling
circumstances and may not be compelled to compile or produce
nonexistent documents. Upon motion, the court may order further
discovery by other means, subject to such restrictions as to scope
and other provisions pursuant to subdivision (b)(1) of this rule
concerning fees and expenses as the court may deem appropriate.
(iii) The state attorney shallmust provide the
respondent with copies of case reports, depositions, witness
statements and other records regarding the respondent’s prior
criminal history and confinement, and any other document or
material reviewed and relied upon by the multidisciplinary team in
evaluating the respondent, within ten days after the summons has
been returned served and filed with the clerk of the court.
(B) [NO CHANGE]
(C) Expert witnesses shallmust be paid a
reasonable fee for time spent responding to discovery under
subdivision (b)(3)(A) and (b)(3)(B) of this rule unless a manifest
injustice would result. Respondents who are not indigent may be
required to pay for discovery obtained under (b)(3)(A) and shallmust
be responsible for discovery obtained under (b)(3)(B). The state
attorney and indigent respondents shallmust apply for
compensation for experts in the manner prescribed by law.
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(4) Claims of Privilege or Protection of Trial
Preparation Materials. When a party withholds information
otherwise discoverable under these rules by claiming that it is
privileged or subject to protection as trial preparation material, the
party shallmust make the claim expressly and shallmust describe
the nature of the documents, communications, or things not
produced or disclosed in a manner that, without revealing
information itself privileged or protected, will enable other parties to
assess the applicability of the privilege or protection. Attorney work
product claims and preparation for trial privilege claims shallmust
be allowed.
(c) [NO CHANGE]
(d) Sequence and Timing of Discovery. Except as provided
in subdivision (b)(1) or unless the court upon motion for the
convenience of parties and witnesses and in the interest of justice
orders otherwise, methods of discovery may be used in any
sequence, and the fact that a party is conducting discovery,
whether by deposition or otherwise, shallmust not delay any other
party’s discovery.
(e) Supplementing of Responses. A party who has
responded to a request for discovery with a response that was
complete when made is under a continuing duty to supplement the
response to include information thereafter acquired. This provision
shall applyapplies to the reciprocal discovery obligation of the
petitioner and the respondent to reveal witnesses’ names and
addresses on a continuing basis. The court shallmust inquire into
all claims of failure to disclose and rule appropriately as to duties to
disclose and as to sanctions.
RULE 4.310. DEPOSITIONS UPON ORAL EXAMINATION
(a) When Depositions May Be Taken. Any party may take
the testimony of any person, including the respondent, by
deposition upon oral examination after the action is commenced.
The attendance of witnesses may be compelled by subpoena as
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provided in Fla. R. Civ. P. 1.410. Unless a provision of this rule
conflicts with the Florida Rules of Civil Procedure, the procedure for
taking the deposition shall beis the same as that provided in the
Florida Rules of Civil Procedure. The deposition of a person in
custody, except the respondent, may be taken only by leave of court
on such terms as the court prescribes.
(b) [NO CHANGE]
(c) Examination and Cross-Examination; Record of
Examination; Oath; Objections. Examination and cross-
examination of witnesses may proceed as permitted at trial. The
officer before whom the deposition is to be taken shallmust put the
witness on oath and shallmust personally, or by someone acting
under the officer’s direction, and in the officer’s presence, record the
testimony of the witness, except that when a deposition is taken by
telephone, the witness shallmust be sworn by a person present with
the witness who is qualified to administer the oath in that location.
The testimony shallmust be taken stenographically or recorded by
any means ordered in accordance with subdivision (b). If requested
by one of the parties, the testimony shallmust be transcribed at the
initial cost of the requesting party and prompt notice of the request
shallmust be given to all other parties. All objections made at the
time of the examination to the qualifications of the officer taking the
deposition, the manner of taking it, the evidence presented, or the
conduct of any party, and any other objection to the proceedings
shallmust be noted by the officer upon the deposition. Any objection
during a deposition shallmust be stated concisely and in a non-
argumentative and non-suggestive manner. A party may instruct a
deponent not to answer only when necessary to preserve a privilege,
to enforce a limitation on evidence directed by the court, or to
present a motion under subdivision (d). Otherwise, evidence
objected to shallmust be taken subject to the objections.
(d) Motion to Terminate or Limit Examination. At any
time during the taking of the deposition, on motion of a party or of
the deponent and upon a showing that the examination is being
conducted in bad faith or in such manner as unreasonably to
annoy, embarrass, or oppress the deponent or party, or that
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objection and instruction to a deponent not to answer are being
made in violation of rule 4.310(c), the court in which the action is
pending or the circuit court where the deposition is being taken
may order the officer conducting the examination to cease forthwith
from taking the deposition or may limit the scope and manner of
the taking of the deposition under rule 4.280(c). If the order
terminates the examination, it shallmust be resumed thereafter
only upon the order of the court in which the action is pending.
Upon demand of any party or the deponent, the taking of the
deposition shallmust be suspended for the time necessary to make
a motion for an order.
(e) Witness Review. A transcript of the testimony shallmust
be furnished to the witness for examination and shallmust be read
to or by the witness unless the witness cannot be found or the
examination and reading are waived by the witness and the parties.
Any changes in form or substance that the witness wants to make
shallmust be listed in writing by the officer with a statement of the
reasons given by the witness for making the changes. The changes
shallmust be attached to the transcript. It shallmust then be signed
by the witness unless the parties waived the signing or the witness
refuses to sign. Transcripts that are not signed by the witness after
being made available for a reasonable time shallmust be signed by
the officer, who shallmust state on the transcript the reason why
the witness did not sign it, such as waiver, illness, absence, or
refusal to sign. The deposition may then be used as fully as though
signed unless a motion to suppress the deposition, or part of it, is
made with reasonable promptness after the defect is, or with due
diligence might have been, discovered and the court holds that the
reasons given for the refusal to sign require rejection of the
deposition wholly or partly.
(f) Filing; Exhibits.
(1) If the deposition is transcribed, the officer shallmust
certify on each copy of the deposition that the witness was duly
sworn by the officer and that the deposition is a true record of the
testimony given by the witness. Documents and things produced for
inspection during the deposition shallmust be marked for
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identification and annexed to and returned with the deposition
upon the request of a party, and may be inspected and copied by
any party except that the person producing the materials may
substitute copies to be marked for identification if that person
affords to all parties fair opportunity to verify the copies by
comparison with the originals. If the person producing the materials
requests their return, the officer shallmust mark them, give each
party an opportunity to inspect and copy them, and return them to
the person producing them and the materials may then be used in
the same manner as if annexed to and returned with the deposition.
(2) The officer shallmust furnish a copy of the
deposition to any party, or to the deponent, upon payment of
reasonable charges. The cost of transcripts ordered by the state
attorney or an indigent respondent shallmust be paid in the
manner prescribed by law.
(3) A copy of a deposition may be filed only under the
following circumstances:
(A) It may be filed by a party or the witness when
the contents of the deposition must be considered by the court on
any matter pending before the court. Prompt notice of the filing on
the deposition shallmust be given to all parties unless notice is
waived. A party filing the deposition shallmust furnish a copy of the
deposition or the part being filed to other parties unless the party
already has a copy.
(B) [NO CHANGE]
(g) Obtaining Copies. A party or witness who does not have
a copy of the deposition may obtain it from the officer taking the
deposition unless the court orders otherwise. If the deposition is
obtained from a person other than the officer, the reasonable cost of
reproducing the copies shallmust be paid to the person by the
requesting party or witness.
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RULE 4.330. USE OF DEPOSITION IN COURT PROCEEDINGS
(a) [NO CHANGE]
(b) [NO CHANGE]
(c) Effect of Taking or Using Depositions. A party does not
make a person the party’s own witness for any purpose by taking
the person’s deposition. The introduction in evidence of the
deposition or any part of it for any purpose other than that of
contradicting or impeaching the deponent makes the deponent the
witness of the party introducing the deposition, but this shalldoes
not apply to the use by an adverse party of a deposition under
subdivision (a) of this rule. At the trial or hearing, any party may
rebut any relevant evidence contained in a deposition whether
introduced by that party or by any other party.
(d) [NO CHANGE]
RULE 4.380. FAILURE TO MAKE DISCOVERY; SANCTIONS
(a) Motion for Order Compelling Discovery. A party may
apply for an order compelling discovery upon reasonable notice to
the other party and all persons affected, as follows:
(1) [NO CHANGE]
(2) Evasive or Incomplete Answer. For purposes of
this subdivision, an evasive or incomplete answer shallmust be
treated as a failure to answer.
(b) [NO CHANGE]
RULE 4.390. DEPOSITIONS OF EXPERT WITNESSES
(a) – (b) [NO CHANGE]
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(c) Fee. An expert or skilled witness whose deposition is
taken shall beis allowed a witness fee in such reasonable amount as
the court may determine. The court shallmust also determine a
reasonable time within which payment must be made, if the
deponent and party cannot agree. All parties and the deponent
shallmust be served with notice of any hearing to determine the fee.
(d) Applicability. Nothing in this rule shall prevents the
taking of any deposition as otherwise provided by law.
RULE 4.410. SUBPOENA
(a) [NO CHANGE]
(b) Subpoena for Testimony before the Court. Every
subpoena for testimony before the court shallmust be issued by an
attorney of record in an action or by the clerk under the seal of the
court and shallmust state the name of the court and the title of the
action and shallmust command each person to whom it is directed
to attend and give testimony at a time and place specified in it. On
oral request of an attorney or party and without praecipe, the clerk
shallmust issue a subpoena for testimony before the court or a
subpoena for the production of documentary evidence before the
court signed and sealed but otherwise in blank, both as to the title
of the action and the name of the person to whom it is directed, and
the subpoena shallmust be filled in before service by the attorney or
party.
(c) For Production of Documentary Evidence. A subpoena
may also command the person to whom it is directed to produce the
books, papers, documents, or tangible things designated therein,
but the court, upon motion made promptly and in any event at or
before the time specified in the subpoena for compliance therewith,
may:
(1) [NO CHANGE]
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(2) condition denial of the motion upon the
advancement by the person in whose behalf the subpoena is issued
of the reasonable cost of producing the books, papers, documents,
or tangible things. A party seeking production of evidence at trial
which would be subject to a subpoena may compel such production
by serving a notice to produce such evidence on an adverse party as
provided in rule 4.070(b). Such notice shall havehas the same effect
and beis subject to the same limitations as a subpoena served on
the party.
(d) Service. A subpoena may be served by any person
authorized by law to serve process or by any other person who is
not a party and who is not less than 18 years of age. Service of a
subpoena upon a person named therein shallmust be made as
provided by law. Proof of such service shallmust be made by
affidavit of the person making service if not served by an officer
authorized by law to do so.
(e) Subpoena for Taking Depositions.
(1) Filing a notice to take a deposition as provided in
rule 4.310(b) with a certificate of service on it showing service on all
parties to the action constitutes an authorization for the issuance of
subpoenas for the persons named or described in the notice by the
clerk of the court in which the action is pending or by an attorney of
record in the action. The subpoena may command the person to
whom it is directed to produce designated books, papers,
documents, or tangible things that constitute or contain evidence
relating to any of the matters within the scope of the examination
permitted by rule 4.280(b), but in that event, the subpoena will be
subject to the provisions of rule 4.280(c) and subdivision (c) of this
rule. Within 10 days after its service, or on or before the time
specified in the subpoena for compliance if the time is less than 10
days after service, the person to whom the subpoena is directed
may serve written objection to inspection or copying of any of the
designated materials. If objection is made, the party serving the
subpoena shallis not be entitled to inspect and copy the materials
except pursuant to an order of the court from which the subpoena
was issued. If objection has been made, the party serving the
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subpoena may move for an order at any time before or during the
taking of the deposition upon notice to the deponent.
(2) [NO CHANGE]
(f) [NO CHANGE]
(g) Subpoena of Minor. Any minor subpoenaed for
testimony shall havehas the right to be accompanied by a parent or
guardian at all times during the taking of testimony
notwithstanding the invocation of the rule of sequestration of
section 90.616, Florida Statutes, except upon a showing that the
presence of a parent or guardian is likely to have a material,
negative impact on the credibility or accuracy of the minor’s
testimony, or that the interests of the parent or guardian are in
actual or potential conflict with the interests of the minor.
RULE 4.430. DEMAND FOR JURY TRIAL; WAIVER
(a) Right Preserved. The right of trial by jury as declared by
the constitution or by statute shallmust be preserved to the parties
inviolate.
(b) Waiver of Jury Trial; Demand. The trial shallmust be
before the court without a jury unless the petitioner files a demand
for jury trial with the petition or the respondent files such a
demand with the answer.
(c) [NO CHANGE]
RULE 4.431. TRIAL BY JURY
(a) Number of Jurors.
(1) The jury shallmust be composed of six persons.
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(2) The court may direct that 1 or more jurors be
impaneled to sit as alternate jurors in addition to the regular panel.
Alternate jurors shallmust replace jurors who have become unable
or disqualified to perform their duties, in the order in which they
are called, before the jury retires to consider its verdict. Alternate
jurors shallmust be drawn in the same manner, have the same
qualifications, be subject to the same examination, take the same
oath, and have the same functions, powers, facilities, and privileges
as principal jurors. An alternate juror who does not replace a
principal juror shallmust be discharged when the jury retires to
consider the verdict.
(3) If alternate jurors are called, each party shall beis
entitled to one peremptory challenge in the selection of each
alternate juror. Additional peremptory challenges allowed pursuant
to this subdivision may be used only against the alternate jurors.
The peremptory challenges allowed pursuant to subdivision (d) of
this rule shall not be used against the alternate jurors.
(b) Questionnaire. The circuit court may require prospective
jurors to complete a questionnaire in the form approved by the
Supreme Court of Florida to assist in selecting prospective jurors.
The questionnaire shall be used after the names of jurors have been
selected as provided by law but before certification and the placing
of the names of prospective jurors in the jury box.
(cb) Examination by Parties. The parties have the right to
examine jurors orally on their voir dire. The order in which the
parties may examine each juror shall beis determined by the court.
The court may ask such questions of the jurors as it deems
necessary, but the right of the parties to conduct a reasonable
examination of each juror orally shallmust be preserved.
(dc) Juror List. Upon request, any party shallmust be
furnished by the clerk of the court with a list containing names and
addresses of prospective jurors summoned to try the case together
with copies of allany jury questionnaires returned by the
prospective jurors.
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(ed) Challenge to the Panel. The state or defendantBoth
parties may challenge the panel. A challenge to the panel may be
made only on the ground that the prospective jurors were not
selected or drawn according to law. Challenges to the panel
shallmust be made and decided before any individual juror is
examined, unless otherwise ordered by the court. A challenge to the
panel shallmust be in writing and shallmust specify the facts
constituting the ground of the challenge. Challenges to the panel
shallmust be tried by the court. Upon the trial of a challenge to the
panel, the witnesses may be examined on oath by the court and
may be so examined by either party. If the challenge to the panel is
sustained, the court shallmust discharge the panel. If the challenge
is not sustained, the individual jurors shallmust be called.
(fe) Oath for Voir Dire. The prospective jurors shallmust be
sworn collectively or individually, as the court may decide. The form
of oath shallmust be as follows:
“Do your solemnly swear (or affirm) that you
will answer truthfully all questions asked of
you as prospective jurors, so help you God?”
If any prospective juror affirms, the clause “so help you God”
shallmust be omitted.
(gf) Examination. The court may then examine each
prospective juror individually or may examine the prospective jurors
collectively. Counsel for both the state and the defendantrespondent
shall have the right to examine jurors orally on their voir dire. The
order in which the parties may examine each juror shallmust be
determined by the court. The right of the parties to conduct an
examination of each juror orally shall be preserved.
(hg) Prospective Jurors Excused. If, after the examination of
any prospective juror, the court is of the opinion that the juror is
not qualified to serve as a trial juror, the court shallmust excuse the
juror from the trial of the cause. If, however, the court does not
excuse the juror, either party may then challenge the juror, as
provided by law or by these rules.
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(ih) Time for Challenge. The state or defendantBoth parties
may challenge an individual prospective juror before the juror is
sworn to try the cause; except that the court may, for good cause,
permit a challenge to be made after the juror is sworn, but before
any evidence is presented.
(ji) Exercise of Challenge. On the motion of any party, all
challenges shallmust be addressed to the court outside the hearing
of the jury panel in a manner selected by the court so that the jury
panel is not aware of the nature of the challenge, the party making
the challenge, or the basis of the court’s ruling on the challenge, if
for cause.
(kj) Manner of Challenge. A challenge to an individual juror
may be oral. When a juror is challenged for cause, the ground of the
challenge shallmust be stated.
(lk) Determination of Challenge for Cause. The court
shallmust determine the validity of a challenge of an individual
juror for cause. In making such determination, the juror challenged
and any other material witnesses, produced by the parties, may be
examined on oath by either party. The court may consider also any
other evidence material to such challenge.
(ml) Number of Challenges. Each party shallmust be
allowed three peremptory challenges.
(nm) Alternate Jurors. If 1 or 2 alternate jurors are called,
each party is entitled to 1 peremptory challenge, in addition to
those otherwise allowed by law, for each alternate juror so called.
The additional peremptory challenge may be used only against the
alternate juror and the other peremptory challenges allowed by law
shallmust not be used against the alternate juror.
(on) Additional Challenges. The trial judge may exercise
discretion to allow additional peremptory challenges when
appropriate.
(po) Oath of Trial Jurors. The following oath shallmust be
administered to the jurors:
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“Do you solemnly swear (or affirm) that you
will well and truly try the issues between the
State of Florida and the respondent and render
a true verdict according to the law and the
evidence, so help you God?”
If any juror affirms, the clause “so help you God” shallmust be
omitted.
(qp) Interview of a Juror. A party who believes that grounds
for legal challenge to a verdict exist may move for an order
permitting an interview of a juror or jurors to determine whether
the verdict is subject to the challenge. The motion shallmust be
served within 10 days after rendition of the verdict unless good
cause is shown for the failure to make the motion within that time.
The motion shallmust state the name and address of each juror to
be interviewed and the grounds for challenge that the party believes
may exist. After notice and hearing, the trial judge shallmust enter
an order denying the motion or permitting the interview. If the
interview is permitted, the court may prescribe the place, manner,
conditions, and scope of the interview.
RULE 4.440. RULES OF PROCEDURE AND EVIDENCE
(a) Applicable Law. In all commitment proceedings initiated
under part V, chapter 394, Florida Statutes and this rule, the
following applies:
(1) The Florida Rules of Civil Procedure, Florida Rules
of Evidence, and Florida Rules of General Practice and Judicial
Administration apply unless otherwise superseded by these rules.
(2) The Florida Rules of Evidence apply unless
superseded by these rules.Habeas corpus proceedings brought
under rule 4.460 are governed by Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.850.
(3) - (5) [NO CHANGE]
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(b) Department of Children and Family Services Rules.
No rule adopted by the Department of Children and Family Services
pursuant to section 394.930, Florida Statutes, as amended, shall
constitutes (1) an evidentiary predicate for the admission of any
testimony of physical evidence; (2) a basis for excluding or limiting
the presentation of any testimony or physical evidence; or (3)
elements of the cause of action the state must allege or prove, in
any proceeding initiated under part V, chapter 394 Florida Statutes,
and these rules.
(c) Non-compliance with Rules. The failure of either party
to comply with these rules does not constitute a defense in any
proceedings initiated under part V, chapter 394, Florida Statutes.
RULE 4.450. APPEAL
(a) Rule. An appeal to review a final judgment shallmust be
pursuant to Fla. Rule. App. P. 9.110, Florida Rules of Appellate
Procedure, as amended.
(b) Appeal for an Indigent. An indigent respondent who
requests the appointment of counsel for appeal must file an
affidavit to establish entitlement to the appointment. The public
defender of the circuit in which the respondent was determined to
be a sexually violent predator shallmust be appointed to represent
an indigent respondent on appeal. The public defender may request
the public defender who handles criminal appeals to represent a
respondent as provided in section 27.51(4), Florida Statutes.
RULE 4.460. POST JUDGMENT HABEAS CORPUS
The respondent may file a petition for habeas corpus alleging
ineffective assistance of counsel in the county in which the
judgment was rendered within two years after the judgment
becomes final. All other habeas corpus petitions, including petitions
filed pursuant to section 394.9215(1)(a), Florida Statutes, must be
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filed in the county where the facility in which the petitioner is
confined is located. Habeas corpus proceedings brought under this
rule shall be governed by Fla. R. Crim. P. 3.850.
RULE 4.470. POST COMMITMENT PROCEEDINGS
(a) Examination. A respondent committed after a trial shall
beis entitled to examination of his or her mental condition at least
one time each year. Examinations may be ordered more frequently
at the discretion of the court.
(b) Expert. The respondent may retain, or if indigent, the
court may appoint, a qualified professional to conduct the
examination. The examiner shallmust be given access to all records
concerning the respondent.
(c) Court Review. The report stating the result of any
examination conducted pursuant to paragraph (a) or (b) shallmust
be provided to the court for review.
(d) Probable Cause Review. A respondent who receives
written notice of the examination, and waives his or her rights to
confidentiality of the result, and who petitions the court over the
objection of the director of the facility where the respondent is
housed, has the right to a hearing limited to determining whether
probable cause exists to believe the respondent’s condition has so
changed, that it is safe for the respondent to be at large, and that
the respondent will not engage in acts of sexual violence if
discharged. Both the state attorney and the respondentparties may
present evidence. The respondent has the right to be represented by
counsel and the right to be present at the hearing.
(e) Non-jury Trial. If it is determined that there is sufficient
probable cause to believe it is safe to release the person, the court
shallmust set the petition for a non-jury trial.
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(f) State Experts. The state attorney shall havehas the right
to have the person examined by professionals chosen by the state
prior to the trial.
(g) Burden of Persuasion. The burden is on the state to
prove, by clear and convincing evidence, that it is not safe for the
person to be at large and that, if released, the person is likely to
engage in acts of sexual violence.
(h) Appeal. At the conclusion of any trial conducted under
this rule, the judge shallmust enter an appropriate final judgment
which shall beis appealable pursuant to the applicable Rules of
Appellate Procedure.
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