The opinion
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NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT OP 65.37
COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA : IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF
: PENNSYLVANIA
:
v. :
:
:
RYDELL MIDDLETON :
:
Appellant : No. 2570 EDA 2022
Appeal from the PCRA Order Entered August 15, 2022,
in the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County,
Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0001913-2018.
BEFORE: PANELLA, P.J., KUNSELMAN, J., and KING, J.
MEMORANDUM BY KUNSELMAN, J.: FILED AUGUST 29, 2023
Rydell Middleton appeals from the order denying without a hearing his
first timely petition filed under the Post Conviction Relief Act (“PCRA”), 42
Pa.C.S.A. §§ 9541–9546. We affirm the PCRA court’s dismissal of Middleton’s
petition but vacate his judgment of sentence and remand for the trial court to
correct its sentencing order.
On May 6, 2019, Middleton entered a negotiated guilty plea to robbery
and receiving stolen property. Middleton agreed to the following factual basis:
[O]n August 8, 2017, shortly before 1:05 a.m. [the
Complainant] was working for Domino’s Pizza and was making a
food delivery to 1621 South Newkirk Street in the City and County
of Philadelphia. The number used to place that order was (267)
404-3939. Upon arriving [at that address], [the Complainant]
called the number used to place the order but no one answered.
As he was going back to his car, he observed a male who
was about five-nine, medium-build, wearing a black ski mask,
hooded sweatshirt and jeans walking towards him. The male
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reached into his waistband. A struggle ensued between [the
Complainant] and that individual. [The Complainant] was afraid
that he didn’t want to get hurt and began to back away, at which
point the person in the ski mask got into [the Complainant’s]
vehicle and fled westbound on Tasker.
Police tried to locate the car via the cell phone that was in
there. In addition to the car that was taken which was a 2014
Nissan Sentra with PA tag KDJ8704, there were two iPhones and
his wallet. A search was conducted for that phone number that
was used to place the order, (267) 404-3939. It was - - the user
name associated with it was Rice Bags 247 and an email address
of ricebags247@gmail.com. A search warrant was issued on
Google for that account.
A few days later on the 12th a woman by the name of
Chelsea Cantwell arranged to buy a 2014 Nissan Sentra with PA
tags KDJ8704. She came into Philadelphia and agreed to pay
$900 as well as give over her vehicle in exchange for the Nissan
Sentra. In order to facilitate that transaction, she had been
texting with a number of (215) 315-8036. That phone number
belongs to [Middleton].
A search warrant was also issued for an Instagram account
of Rice Bags [247]. From that, Your Honor, there were a number
of messages that were received in the days in between the 8th and
12th, which is when the car was sold. A number of messages
coming from Rice Bags [247] stating: Do you know of any chop
shops? I got a 2014 Maxima, bro.
On the 8th of August, there was a message with the - - 2014
Nissan Sentra with the previously stated PA tag coming from that
Instagram account as well, as well as a number of other messages
asking for chop shops, trying to get rid of a hot 2014 Nissan Sentra
as well as a message coming from Rice Bags stating: Yo, call me
now. It’s important. (215) 315-8036, which is the number that
Chelsea Cantwell was communicating with in order to facilitate the
sale of the vehicle.
Police later recovered the vehicle and it was returned to [the
Complainant].
N.T. 5/6/19, at 20-23. This incident occurred while Middleton was on state
parole.
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After entering his plea, Middleton agreed to proceed directly to
sentencing and the trial court imposed the negotiated aggregate sentence of
three to six years of incarceration. Middleton’s robbery conviction constituted
a second strike pursuant to Section 9714 of the Judicial Code. However, as
part of the plea agreement, the Commonwealth did not seek the mandatory
sentence for that conviction. In addition, the Commonwealth withdrew three
other charges. Middleton filed neither a post-sentence motion nor a direct
appeal.
On May 18, 2020, Middleton filed a pro se PCRA petition. Although the
PCRA court sought the appointment of counsel for Middleton, privately-
retained counsel filed an amended petition on January 14, 2022. The
Commonwealth filed a motion to dismiss on May 18, 2022. On July 19, 2022,
2022, the PCRA court issued a Pa.R.Crim.P. 907 notice of its intent to dismiss
Middleton’s petition without a hearing. Middleton did not file a response. By
order entered August 15, 2022, the PCRA court denied Middleton’s petition.
This timely appeal followed. Both Middleton and the PCRA court have complied
with Pa.R.A.P. 1925.
Middleton raises the following issues on appeal, which we have
reordered as follows:
1. Did the [PCRA] court err, abuse its discretion, and/or
make a mistake of law when it denied, as a matter of
law, [Middleton’s] PCRA claim that trial counsel was
ineffective for advising [him] to plead guilty to the
criminal offense of robbery when the facts placed on the
record by the Commonwealth did not support a
conviction for this criminal offense?
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2. Did the [PCRA] court err, abuse its discretion, and/or
make a mistake of law when it denied, as a matter of
law, [Middleton’s] claim that counsel was ineffective for
advising him that if he entered into a guilty plea, his
sentence would run concurrent to the time imposed on
his state parole violation?
Middleton’s Brief at 6.
This Court’s standard of review for an order dismissing a PCRA petition
calls for us to “determine whether the ruling of the PCRA court is supported
by the evidence and free of legal error. The PCRA court’s factual findings will
not be disturbed unless there is no support for the findings in the certified
record.” Commonwealth v. Webb, 236 A.3d 1170, 1176 (Pa. Super. 2020)
(citing Commonwealth v. Barndt, 74 A.3d 185, 191–92 (Pa. Super. 2013)).
The PCRA court has discretion to dismiss a petition without
a hearing when the court is satisfied that there are no genuine
issues concerning any material fact, the defendant is not entitled
to post-conviction collateral relief, and no legitimate purpose
would be served by further proceedings. [See Pa.R.Crim.P.
909(B)(2).] To obtain reversal of a PCRA court’s decision to
dismiss a petition without a hearing, an appellant must show that
he raised a genuine issue of fact which, if resolved in his favor,
would have entitled him to relief, or that the court otherwise
abused its discretion in denying a hearing.
Commonwealth v. Blakeney, 108 A.3d 739, 750 (Pa. 2014) (citations
omitted). Regarding a claim that counsel was ineffective:
It is well-established that to succeed on a claim asserting
the ineffective assistance of counsel, the petitioner must plead and
prove, by a preponderance of the evidence, three elements: (1)
the underlying claim has arguable merit; (2) counsel had no
reasonable basis for his or her action or inaction; and (3) the
petitioner suffered prejudice as a result of counsel’s action or
inaction. Commonwealth v. Pierce, 527 A.2d 973, 975–76 (Pa.
1987). If a petitioner fails to satisfy any of the three prongs of
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the ineffectiveness inquiry, his claim fails. Commonwealth v.
Brown, 196 A.3d 130, 150–51 (Pa. 2018).
Commonwealth v. Parrish, 273 A.3d 989, 1003 n.11 (Pa. 2022) (citation
formatting altered).
With respect to claims that plea counsel was ineffective:
Ineffective assistance of counsel claims arising from the
plea-bargaining process are eligible for PCRA review. Allegations
of ineffectiveness in connection with the entry of a guilty plea will
serve as a basis for relief only if the ineffectiveness caused the
defendant to enter an involuntary or unknowing plea. Where the
defendant enters his plea on the advice of counsel, the
voluntariness of the plea depends on whether counsel’s advice
was within the range of competence demanded of attorneys in
criminal cases.
The standard for post-sentence withdrawal of guilty pleas
dovetails with the arguable merit/prejudice requirements
for relief based on a claim of ineffective assistance of plea
counsel, ... under which the defendant must show that
counsel’s deficient stewardship resulted in a manifest
injustice, for example, by facilitating entry of an unknowing,
involuntary, or unintelligent plea. This standard is
equivalent to the “manifest injustice” standard applicable to
all post-sentence motions to withdraw a guilty plea.
Commonwealth v. Morrison, 878 A.2d 102, 105 (Pa. Super.
2005) (en banc)[.]
Commonwealth v. Kelley, 136 A.3d 1007, 1012–13 (Pa. Super. 2016)
(some citations omitted). Notably, a PCRA petitioner cannot assert grounds
for withdrawing a guilty plea that contradict his statements made under oath
in a guilty plea colloquy. Commonwealth v. Willis, 68 A.3d 997, 1009 (Pa.
Super. 2013) (citing Commonwealth v. Turetsky, 925 A.2d 876 (Pa. Super.
2007)).
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In his first issue, Middleton essentially challenges the factual basis for
his guilty plea to robbery. Middleton asserts that there was “no evidence
placed on the record by the Commonwealth that prove[d], beyond a
reasonable doubt, that [he] robbed the complainant.” Middleton’s Brief at 17.
Middleton therefore contends that Commonwealth’s case to support his
robbery conviction was “entirely predicated on circumstantial evidence.” Id.
at 18.
In addition to providing that a guilty plea be offered in open court and
setting forth the procedure to determine the validity of the plea, Rule 590 of
the Pennsylvania Rules of Criminal Procedure also requires the trial court to
determine “whether the facts acknowledged by the defendant constitute a
prohibited offense.” Commonwealth v. Anthony, 475 A.2d 1303, 1307 (Pa.
1984). Here, the PCRA court found no arguable merit to Middleton’s claim:
A person is guilty of robbery if, in the course of committing
a theft, he threatens another with or intentionally puts him in fear
of serious bodily injury. 18 Pa.C.S. § 3701(a)(ii). The facts as
recited by the Commonwealth and admitted by [Middleton]
established that on August 8, 2017, at 1:05 a.m., [Middleton]
wearing a ski mask and reaching into his waistband, approached
the Complainant . . . who was making a food delivery at 1621
Newkirk Street. After a struggle between [Middleton] and the
Complainant, the Complainant backed away because [Middleton]
was reaching into his waistband and the Complainant “didn’t want
to get hurt.” [Middleton] then entered the Complainant’s vehicle,
a 2014 Nissan Sentra with Pennsylvania tags KDJ8704, and drove
away. These circumstances demonstrate that [Middleton], while
committing a theft, intentionally put the Complainant in fear of
immediate serious bodily injury. Therefore, the facts as recited
were sufficient to establish the offense of Robbery.
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[Middleton] further claimed that there was no direct
evidence placed on the record that proved his identity as the
[r]obber. This claim is also meritless. A search was conducted
for the telephone number that was used to place the pizza order
that brought the Complainant to the location of the robbery (267-
404-3939). The same phone number was associated with a user
“Rice Bags 247.” A search warrant was issued for the Rice Bags
[247] Instagram account which revealed the account holder
inquiring about chop shops to get rid of a “hot Nissan Sentra.”
Another message sent from the Rice Bags [247] account
stated, “Yo, call me now. It’s important (215) 315-8036.” That
phone number belonged to [Middleton]. The same number was
used to arrange the sale of the Complainant’s 2014 Nissan Sentra
to Chelsea Cantwell.
***
Sufficient evidence of the elements of robbery and the
identity of [Middleton] were recited at the plea hearing and
explicitly admitted by [Middleton]. Therefore, [Middleton’s] claim
that insufficient evidence existed to support a negotiated guilty
plea was without merit.
PCRA Court’s Opinion, 10/21/22, at 5-6 (footnotes and citations omitted). Our
review of the record supports the PCRA court’s conclusion.
Middleton’s claims to the contrary are unavailing. He asserts that the
evidence placed on the record by the Commonwealth at the guilty plea hearing
would have been insufficient to prove his identity as the robber had the case
gone to trial. Middleton’s Brief at 21. According to Middleton, at most, the
facts presented by the Commonwealth proved that he received a stolen
vehicle. Id. at 19. We disagree.
Even though evidence of his identity as the robber was circumstantial,
it was still sufficient to support Middleton’s guilty plea to both charges. As
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succinctly stated by the Commonwealth, “[t]he facts presented established
that [Middleton] called for a pizza delivery with a phone number registered to
his Instagram account and robbed [the Complainant] of his car, then used
that same account to try to sell the stolen car by soliciting potential buyers to
call him on a different phone number registered to himself.” Commonwealth’s
Brief at 5. Thus, Middleton’s first claim of ineffectiveness fails.
In his second issue, Middleton claims that plea counsel was ineffective
for failing to inform him that the back time he would receive given his parole
violation could not run concurrent to his new sentence. He then cites to a
“discussion [that] took place on the record during the guilty plea hearing” that
left him “with the misimpression that the parole board had the discretion to
run the sentences concurrently.” Middleton’s Brief at 13-14. According to
Middleton, “[r]egardless of whether there were conflicting statements made
in this regard, enough confusion resulted from the [this discussion] that the
plea could not have been knowing and voluntary.” Id. at 14. In making this
argument, Middleton likens his case to the recently decided non-precedential
decision in Commonwealth v. Robinson, No. 913 EDA 2020 (Pa. Super.
October 20, 2020) and requests the same disposition—a remand for an
evidentiary hearing.
“Our law presumes that a defendant who enters a guilty plea was aware
of what he was doing,” and “[h]e bears the burden of proving otherwise.”
Commonwealth v. Pollard, 832 A.2d 517, 523 (Pa. Super. 2003) (citations
omitted).
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The longstanding rule of Pennsylvania law is that a
defendant may not challenge his guilty plea by asserting that
he lied while under oath, even if he avers that counsel
induced the lies. A person who elects to plead guilty is bound
by the statements he makes in open court while under oath
and may not later assert grounds for withdrawing the plea
which contradict the statements he made at his plea colloquy.
Id. On appeal, this Court evaluates the adequacy of the plea colloquy and
the voluntariness of the resulting plea by looking at the totality of the
circumstances. Commonwealth v. Yeomans, 24 A.3d 1044, 1047 (Pa.
Super. 2011).
Section 6138(a)(5)(i) of the Prisons and Parole Code provides:
(5) If a new sentence is imposed on the [parolee], the service
of the balance of the term originally imposed by a Pennsylvania
court shall precede the commencement of the new term imposed
in the following cases:
(i) if a person is paroled from a State correctional institution
and the new sentence imposed on the person is to be served in
the State correctional institution.
61 Pa.C.S.A. 6138(a)(5)(i). In Commonwealth v. Kelley, 136 A.3d at 1013-
14, this Court explained that “[i]mposition of a new state sentence concurrent
with the parolee’s new sentence is an illegal sentence under [Section 6138].”
Here, the PCRA court found no arguable merit to Middleton’s claim, and
explained as follows:
Section 6138 provides that it is legally impossible to run
backtime imposed by the Pennsylvania State Parole Board
concurrently with a sentence imposed on a new matter that
constitutes a violation of state parole.
***
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[Middleton] argued that he was given erroneous information
by his trial counsel relating to this well settled law. The record
does not reflect this. [Middleton’s] written and signed plea
colloquy clearly stated: “the sentence on this guilty plea may not
run concurrent to (at the same time as) a state (backtime)
sentence for a parole violation.” During the oral guilty plea
colloquy, [Middleton] indicated that he and his counsel went over
his legal rights from the written colloquy line-by-line and that he
understood everything that was said.
Furthermore, during the oral guilty plea colloquy, the [court]
informed [Middleton] that [the] state parole board would have the
option of imposing further punishment. [Middleton’s] counsel
stated to the [court] that he informed [Middleton] that it was not
the practice of the parole board to run any further punishment
concurrently with his sentence. Therefore, [Middleton] was given
adequate notice that whether further punishment would run
concurrently with his aggregate sentence would be at the state
parole board’s discretion, though that is not the usual practice.
Consequently, [Middleton’s] contention that counsel was
ineffective for suggesting a concurrent running of back time with
his new sentence was meritless, and the [court] did not err when
in it dismissed his [PCRA petition].
PCRA Court Opinion, 10/21/22, at 7-8 (footnotes and citations omitted).
Our review of the record supports this conclusion. When compared to
his answers in the written and oral plea colloquies, the only factual issues
presented were created by Middleton’s self-serving statements within his
PCRA petition. Willis, supra.
Moreover, Middleton’s claim that his case is similar to Robinson, supra,
is unavailing. In that case, Robinson’s written plea colloquy expressly stated
that the Commonwealth was not opposed to Robinson’s state parole violation
sentence running concurrent to the sentence to be imposed as a result of the
guilty plea. Here, the concurrent sentencing scheme was not part of
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Middleton’s plea agreement, and no such statement was made by the
Commonwealth prior to the court’s acceptance of the plea. Indeed, as noted
above, the written plea colloquy expressly informed Middleton that this
sentencing arrangement was not possible.
In addition, during the guilty plea hearing in Robinson,1 the
Commonwealth commented that “the other caveat of agreeing to run it
concurrent, that’s up to the Department of Corrections. It’s simply a
recommendation to them.” Robinson, non-precedential decision at 8.2 Here,
the Commonwealth made no such statement. Rather, after the trial court
imposed sentence and restitution, the court stated, “I think I covered
everything else, so you can give [Middleton] his appellate rights.” N.T.,
5/6/19, at 34-35. This statement prompted the following exchange:
[PLEA COUNSEL]: Your Honor, the only thing [Middleton]
wanted me to raise is - - and I think we touched on it during the
colloquy - - it will be a violation of parole. He realizes that he has
not been sentenced on that violation yet. So at this point, even if
Your Honor says that this sentence can run concurrent to all other
sentences, it won’t guarantee that happens. We would ask if you
____________________________________________
1 As in this case, it appears that Robinson proceeded immediately to
sentencing following the entry of his guilty plea. There is no indication in the
panel decision when the Commonwealth made these comments.
2 While we agree with the Robinson panel’s further statement that the parole
board does not have discretion to run the new sentence and backtime
concurrently, we note that the parole board does have the discretion when
determining whether parole will be revoked. See 61 Pa.C.S.A. § 6138(a)(1);
N.T., 5/16/19, at 18 (trial court informs Middleton that the state parole board
“would have the option of imposing further punishment on you”).
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would state for the record that this is concurrent with any other
sentences, that way it’ll at least give him - - give the option in the
future of someone to run it concurrently. I told him the parole
board, that’s not their practice, but.
THE COURT: I’ll state it’s concurrently, but obviously, it’s
the parole board and prison that will determine that.
[PLEA COUNSEL]: Exactly. If, Your Honor states it - -
THE COURT: I did state it.
[PLEA COUNSEL]: - - we appreciate it as well.
N.T., 5/6/19, at 35. Given the written plea colloquy in this case, and
Middleton’s repeated affirmance that he went over the plea colloquy line by
line with plea counsel, we are not persuaded that the above exchange caused
such confusion that a remand is warranted in this case.
In sum, given the totality of circumstances surrounding the entry of his
guilty plea, Yeomans, supra, the PCRA court correctly determined that
Middleton’s ineffectiveness claims lacked merit, and that an evidentiary
hearing was not warranted. We therefore affirm the order denying Middleton
post-conviction relief.
Nevertheless, we note that the trial court’s May 6, 2019, sentencing
order does state that the new sentence it imposed was to run “concurrently
with . . . any other sentence being served.” Order, 5/6/19, at 1. In essence,
the trial court “tethered” his three-to-six-year sentence “to the sentence under
which he was then on parole.” Commonwealth v. Coley, No. 1594 MDA
2022 (Pa. Super., July 25, 2023), non-precedential decision at 9. In doing so,
the trial court imposed an illegal sentence, as that is a violation of Section
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6138, supra. Thus, notwithstanding the fact that we are affirming the PCRA
court’s dismissal of his PCRA petition, Middleton’s “judgment of sentence must
be vacated and this matter remanded to allow for the correction of the [May
6, 2019] sentencing order.” Id. at 11.
Order affirmed. Judgment of sentence vacated. Case remanded for
further proceedings consistent with this decision. Jurisdiction relinquished.
Judgment Entered.
Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.
Prothonotary
Date: 8/29/2023
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