The opinion
FILED
Dec 08, 2021
08:44 AM(CT)
TENNESSEE COURT OF
WORKERS' COMPENSATION
CLAIMS
TENNESSEE BUREAU OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION
IN THE COURT OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION CLAIMS
AT JACKSON
ROBERT J. BLANK, ) Docket Nos. 2018-07-0725 and
Employee, ) 2021-07-0329
v. )
ESTES EXPRESS LINES, )
Employer, )
and, ) State File Nos. 68179-2018 and
NEW HAMPSHIRE INS. CO., ) 800401-2021
Carrier, )
and )
ABIGAIL HUDGENS, as )
ADMINISTRATOR of the BUREAU ) Judge Allen Phillips
OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION, )
SUBSEQUENT INJURY & )
VOCATIONAL RECOVERY FUND. )
COMPENSATION ORDER GRANTING SUMMARY JUDGMENT
On November 23, 2021, the Court heard Estes’s Motion for Summary Judgment in
Docket Number 2021-07-0329 on grounds that Mr. Blank failed to file a timely claim for
a May 29, 2019 left-shoulder injury. The Court agrees and grants the motion.
Facts
On August 30, 2018, Mr. Blank injured his left shoulder, and Estes provided medical
benefits including surgery by Dr. Jason Hutchison. Dr. Hutchison released Mr. Blank on
May 15, 2019, without restrictions. Mr. Blank timely filed a Petition for Benefit
Determination for that injury, and it is not at issue here.
Mr. Blank returned to work at Estes and on May 29, 2019, felt pain in his left
shoulder when he lifted a table. He told his supervisor that he “hurt” his shoulder, and Estes
completed a First Report of Injury. Mr. Blank also completed a claim form.
1
After the May 29 incident, Estes provided an evaluation with Dr. Hutchison, and
Mr. Blank told him that he felt pain when lifting the table. Later, Dr. Hutchison referred
Mr. Blank to his partner, Dr. Adam Smith, who performed a second shoulder surgery. Estes
paid medical and temporary disability benefits for the May 29 incident, the last payment
being made on May 26, 2020.
The parties deposed Mr. Blank, Dr. Hutchison, and Dr. Smith. Of importance here,
they deposed Dr. Hutchison on July 26, 2021.
Particularly, after Dr. Hutchison’s deposition on July 26, Mr. Blank filed another
petition in which he stated:
Today, July 26, 2021, is the first time I became aware that Dr. Hutchison
testified I had a “new” injury to my left shoulder. Dr. Adam Smith operated
on my left shoulder the second time and testified that it was not a new injury,
but a worsening of my first injury. There has been no 1st report of Work injury
filed for the date of the “new” injury.
Estes disputed those allegations. It contended Mr. Blank did not become aware of a
“new” injury on July 26, but instead knew he had an injury when he lifted the table. Estes
argued Mr. Blank knew of the injury because he reported it the same day, he knew a first
report was completed, and he told Dr. Hutchison about the injury shortly afterwards.
Additionally, Mr. Blank told two other providers that he “injured” his shoulder when lifting
the table, and he sent discovery requests to Estes that referenced the May 29 date.
For his part, Mr. Blank agreed with Estes’s statement of the facts except for its
characterization of the May 29 incident as a new “injury.” Instead, he said that he merely
felt a “pull” in his shoulder when lifting the table, but he did not know if it was a new injury
or not. He also claimed that he told the providers he felt pain, not that he had a new injury,
and he added that the first report of injury documented that he felt a pull in his shoulder.
Mr. Blank also submitted his own statement of facts. He asserted that he continued
having shoulder problems after Dr. Hutchison’s surgery “right up until” he was released to
work in May 2019. Then on May 29, as he testified in his deposition, he “bent down to
pick [the table] up and stand it up on its end and I got, you know, so far up it just pulled it
loose, I guess, I don’t know what it did.”
Further, Mr. Blank noted Dr. Smith’s testimony that he didn’t know what
necessitated the need for the second surgery, “because what [he] saw in there was
degeneration of the shoulder[.]” Dr. Smith additionally stated, “when you have a rotator
cuff tear, it can create a cascade of events that leads to deterioration in the shoulder,” and
he thought the second surgery was related to the deterioration “from the surgical treatment
and the injury.”
2
Estes’s Position
Estes contended it was entitled to summary judgment because Mr. Blank did not file
his second petition until July 26, 2021. Specifically, Estes argued that Tennessee Code
Annotated section 50-6-203(b)(2) required Mr. Blank to file a petition within one year after
Estes ceased paying benefits for the new injury, on or before May 26, 2021.
Further, Estes argued Mr. Blank could not rely on the so-called “discovery rule” as
defined in Arnold v. Courtyard Mgmt. Corp., No. 2015-02266-SC-WCM-WC, 2016 Tenn.
LEXIS 648, at *9 (Tenn. Workers’ Comp. Panel Sept. 28, 2016). There, the Panel
explained that “the limitation period does not begin to run until an employee discovers or,
in the exercise of reasonable diligence, should have discovered” that he has an injury. Estes
argued that because Mr. Blank knew he sustained an injury on May 29, he did not
“discover” it on July 26, 2021, as he alleged. Estes also cited Jenkins v. Goodyear Tire &
Rubber Co., No. W2014-02303-SC-R3-WC, 2016 Tenn. LEXIS 175, at *8-10 (Tenn.
Workers’ Comp. Panel Mar. 15, 2016) for the proposition that a physician’s causation
opinion is not needed in every case before the statute of limitations commences.
Contrary to Mr. Blank’s assertion, Estes contended these facts are consistent with
the Appeals Board’s statement in Nickerson v. Knox Co. Gov’t, 2020 TN Wrk. Comp. App.
Bd. LEXIS 52, at *12 (Sept. 9, 2020) that, “the date of injury has consistently been
identified as the date of the work incident precipitating the injury regardless of when the
employee became aware of the injury.”
Mr. Blank’s Position
Mr. Blank countered that “the time at which an employee has actual or constructive
knowledge of his workers compensation claim is a question of fact.” Banks v. UPS, 170
S.W.3d 556, 562 (Tenn. 2005) (Mr. Blank’s emphasis). He cited three pre-Reform Act
hearing loss cases where the respective Panels held that the statute of limitations was tolled
until the employees learned from a physician that their hearing losses were work-related.
Mr. Blank argued that because neither Dr. Hutchison nor Dr. Smith “ever advised
[him] that he sustained a new injury” on May 26, 2019, there is a question of fact as to
when he knew he sustained a new injury.
Subsequent Injury Fund’s Position
The Fund joined in Estes’s position that the statute of limitations expired one year
after the last payment of benefits, and the discovery rule does not apply.
Analysis
Estes is entitled to summary judgment if it shows there are no genuine issues of
3
material fact. Tenn. R. Civ. P. 56.04 (2021). It must do one of two things to prevail: 1)
submit affirmative evidence that negates an essential element of Mr. Blank’s claim, or 2)
demonstrate that his evidence is insufficient to establish an essential element of his claim.
Rye v. Women’s Care Ctr. of Memphis, MPLLC, 477 S.W.3d 235, 264 (Tenn. 2015).
Under Tennessee Code Annotated section 50-6-203(b)(2), Mr. Blank’s claim for
benefits for the second injury is barred unless he filed a Petition for Benefit Determination
within one year of when Estes ceased paying benefits. Because he did not do so, his claim
for a second injury only survives if the discovery rule applies. The Court finds the discovery
rule does not apply, and that the correct date of injury is May 29, 2019.
Specifically, the Court agrees with Estes that these facts fit within Nickerson,
namely that the date of injury is the date of the incident precipitating it rather than the date
when the employee subjectively becomes aware of it. This finding is also consistent with
Arnold, where the Panel addressed the discovery rule in the context of summary judgment.
There, the Panel specifically stated the discovery rule does not apply when the employee
suffers an acute injury, and it reversed a denial of summary judgment where the trial court
found the rule did apply. Id. at *9.
These facts are also in line with Joiner v. UPS, M2018-01876-SC-R3-WC, 2019
Tenn. LEXIS 522 (Tenn. Workers’ Comp. Panel Dec. 6, 2019), where the Panel held the
date of injury was the date the employee felt pain when lifting a mailbag. Here, Mr. Blank
felt shoulder pain when lifting the table. In another case involving an acute injury, the
Appeals Board found the employee could not toll the statute of limitations by claiming he
was unaware of the full extent of the injury. Johnson v. Stanley Convergent Secr. Sys., 2017
TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 44, at *9 (Aug. 3, 2017). In Johnson, the employee said
he felt something “pull loose” when he tried to move his shoulder. Id. at *12. Mr. Blank
said the same and also relied upon his alleged lack of knowledge as to the full extent of his
injury to toll the statute.
Contrast these facts with Banks and the hearing loss cases cited by Mr. Blank. In
Banks, the employee suffered pain while working but recalled no specific incident. While
treating, he questioned whether his injury might have been work related, and a physician
confirmed it was. The discovery rule protected the Banks employee because he knew of no
specific incident. Conversely, Mr. Blank knew of a specific incident, and he cannot rely on
the discovery rule.
Likewise, in the hearing loss cases, the respective Panels found the employee’s
limitation periods were tolled until a doctor told them that their hearing losses were work-
related. In contrast, Mr. Blank knew of a specific injury on May 29, and his lack of
knowledge, if any, as to the extent of his injury provides no solace.
Thus, the Court finds Estes is entitled to summary judgment because it demonstrated
Mr. Blank’s evidence is insufficient to establish an essential element of his claim;
4
specifically, he did not file a claim for the May 29, 2019 injury within the applicable statute
of limitations.
The Court previously consolidated the two petitions. This order is final under
Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure 58 only for the petition Mr. Blank filed on July 26,
2021 and bearing Docket Number 2021-07-0329. The claim for the August 30, 2018 injury,
bearing Docket Number 2018-07-0725, remains pending.
THEREFORE, IT IS ORDERED AS FOLLOWS:
1. The Court grants Estes’s Motion for Summary Judgment in Docket Number 2021-
07-0329.
2. Mr. Blank’s petition for the August 30, 2018 injury, Docket Number 2018-07-0725,
remains pending.
ENTERED December 8, 2021.
_____________________________________
JUDGE ALLEN PHILLIPS
Court of Workers’ Compensation Claims
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I certify that a copy of this Order was sent as indicated on December 8, 2021.
Name Email Service sent to:
Jeffrey P. Boyd, X jboyd@borenandboyd.com
Employee’s Attorney ataylor@borenandboyd.com
Kenneth Veit and Kate Patton, X kenny.veit@leitnerfirm.com
Employer’s Attorneys kate.patton@leitnerfirm.com
crystal.brown@leitnerfirm.com
Art D. Wells, SIVRF Attorney X art.wells@tn.gov
_____________________________________
Penny Shrum, Court Clerk
Court of Workers’ Compensation Claims
5
Compensation Hearing Order Right to Appeal:
If you disagree with this Compensation Hearing Order, you may appeal to the Workers’
Compensation Appeals Board or the Tennessee Supreme Court. To appeal to the Workers’
Compensation Appeals Board, you must:
1. Complete the enclosed form entitled: “Notice of Appeal,” and file the form with the Clerk
of the Court of Workers’ Compensation Claims within thirty calendar days of the date the
compensation hearing order was filed. When filing the Notice of Appeal, you must serve
a copy upon the opposing party (or attorney, if represented).
2. You must pay, via check, money order, or credit card, a $75.00 filing fee within ten
calendar days after filing of the Notice of Appeal. Payments can be made in-person at any
Bureau office or by U.S. mail, hand-delivery, or other delivery service. In the alternative,
you may file an Affidavit of Indigency (form available on the Bureau’s website or any
Bureau office) seeking a waiver of the filing fee. You must file the fullycompleted
Affidavit of Indigency within ten calendar days of filing the Notice of Appeal. Failure to
timely pay the filing fee or file the Affidavit of Indigency will result in dismissal of
your appeal.
3. You bear the responsibility of ensuring a complete record on appeal. You may request
from the court clerk the audio recording of the hearing for a $25.00 fee. A licensed court
reporter must prepare a transcript and file it with the court clerk within fifteen calendar
days of the filing the Notice of Appeal. Alternatively, you may file a statement of the
evidence prepared jointly by both parties within fifteen calendar days of the filing of the
Notice of Appeal. The statement of the evidence must convey a complete and accurate
account of the hearing. The Workers’ Compensation Judge must approve the statement of
the evidence before the record is submitted to the Appeals Board. If the Appeals Board is
called upon to review testimony or other proof concerning factual matters, the absence of
a transcript or statement of the evidence can be a significant obstacle to meaningful
appellate review.
4. After the Workers’ Compensation Judge approves the record and the court clerk transmits
it to the Appeals Board, a docketing notice will be sent to the parties. The appealing party
has fifteen calendar days after the date of that notice to submit a brief to the Appeals Board.
See the Practices and Procedures of the Workers’ Compensation Appeals Board.
To appeal your case directly to the Tennessee Supreme Court, the Compensation Hearing
Order must be final and you must comply with the Tennessee Rules of Appellate Procedure.
If neither party timely files an appeal with the Appeals Board, the trial court’s Order will
become final by operation of law thirty calendar days after entry. See Tenn. Code Ann. §
50-6-239(c)(7).
For self-represented litigants: Help from an Ombudsman is available at 800-332-2667.
NOTICE OF APPEAL
Tennessee Bureau of Workers’ Compensation www.tn.gov/workforce/injuries-at-
work/
wc.courtclerk@tn.gov | 1-800-332-2667
Docket No.: ________________________
State File No.: ______________________
Date of Injury: _____________________
___________________________________________________________________________
Employee
v.
___________________________________________________________________________ Employer
Notice is given that ____________________________________________________________________ [List
name(s) of all appealing party(ies). Use separate sheet if necessary.]
appeals the following order(s) of the Tennessee Court of Workers’ Compensation Claims to the Workers’
Compensation Appeals Board (check one or more applicable boxes and include the date filestamped on
the first page of the order(s) being appealed):
□ Expedited Hearing Order filed on _______________ □ Motion Order filed on ___________________
□ Compensation Order filed on__________________ □ Other Order filed on_____________________ issued
by Judge _________________________________________________________________________.
Statement of the Issues on Appeal
Provide a short and plain statement of the issues on appeal or basis for relief on appeal:
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
Parties
Appellant(s) (Requesting Party): _________________________________________ ☐Employer ☐Employee
Address: ________________________________________________________ Phone: ___________________
Email: __________________________________________________________
Attorney’s Name: ______________________________________________ BPR#: _______________________
Attorney’s Email: ______________________________________________ Phone: _______________________
Attorney’s Address: _________________________________________________________________________
* Attach an additional sheet for each additional Appellant *
LB-1099 rev. 01/20 Page 1 of 2 RDA 11082 Employee Name: _______________________________________ Docket No.:
_____________________ Date of Inj.: _______________
Appellee(s) (Opposing Party): ___________________________________________ ☐Employer ☐Employee
Appellee’s Address: ______________________________________________ Phone: ____________________
Email: _________________________________________________________
Attorney’s Name: _____________________________________________ BPR#: ________________________
Attorney’s Email: _____________________________________________ Phone: _______________________
Attorney’s Address: _________________________________________________________________________
* Attach an additional sheet for each additional Appellee *
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I, _____________________________________________________________, certify that I have forwarded a
true and exact copy of this Notice of Appeal by First Class mail, postage prepaid, or in any manner as described
in Tennessee Compilation Rules & Regulations, Chapter 0800-02-21, to all parties and/or their attorneys in this
case on this the __________ day of ___________________________________, 20 ____.
____________________________________________
__ [Signature of appellant or attorney for appellant]
LB-1099 rev. 01/20 Page 2 of 2 RDA 11082