The opinion
FILED
October 19,2016
TN COURTOF
li\'ORKIRS' COMPINS . UION
.
CLilllS
Time·: 12 :31 PM
TENNESSE BUREAU OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION
IN THE COURT OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION CLAIMS
AT CHATTANOOGA
THERESA GOODSON, ) Docket No.: 2016-01-0270
Employee, )
v. ) State File No.: 68124-2015
)
DOLLAR GENERAL CORPORATION, ) Judge Audrey A. Headrick
Self-Insured Employer. )
)
EXPEDITED HEARING ORDER
This matter came before the Court on September 26, 2016, on a Request for
Expedited Hearing filed by the employee, Theresa Goodson, pursuant to Tennessee Code
Annotated section 50-6-239 (2015). The central legal issue is whether Ms. Goodson is
likely to prevail at a hearing on the merits that she sustained a compensable back injury.
If so, then the question turns to the extent of entitlement to medical and temporary
disability benefits. For the reasons set forth below, the Court holds Ms. Goodson is not
likely to pr vail at a hearing on the merits in provi ng she sustained a compen abl back
injury. 1 However, the Court hold that Dollar General is liable for any out tanding
medical bills associated with Ms. Goodson's authorized treatment prior to its denial of
her claim.
History of Claim
This case involves an incident on August 25, 2015, when Ms. Goodson, a lead
sales associate, fell approximately one to two feet off a ladder and landed on her left side.
(Ex. 4.) The parties agreed that Ms. Goodson provided proper, statutory notice of her
alleged back injury.
After her fall, an ambulance transported Ms. Goodson to Memorial Hospital. (Ex.
13.) She disclosed to the medical provider her history of chronic back pain and narcotic
pain medication usage. /d. Ms. Goodson rated her pain level as eight out of ten, and the
1
A complete listing of the technical record and exhibits is attached to this Order as an appendix.
1
medical provider diagnosed her with acute back pain and discharged her that day. !d.
Her discharge instructions indicated she could return to work without restrictions on
August 28. !d. The following day, Ms. Goodson returned to Memorial Hospital where
medical personnel noted, "drug seeking behavior." !d.
Dollar General subsequently instructed Ms. Goodson to go to Sentef Medical
Centers for follow-up treatment. 2 (Ex. 1.) Ms. Goodson went to Sentef Medical Centers
on August 28, and disclosed her history of chronic back pain and pain management and
reported increased back pain with radiculopathy down her left leg following her fall at
work. (Ex. 14.) The physician referred her to an orthopedic physician and assigned the
following restrictions: no lifting greater than five pounds; no pushing or pulling more
than five pounds; no prolonged standing, walking or sitting; and, no climbing, bending,
or stooping. !d.
After receiving work restrictions, Ms. Goodson testified in her affidavit that she
returned to work at Dollar General following her fall. (Ex. 1.) However, Dollar General
assigned her to a register with no assistance and scheduled her to work as the manager on
duty. !d. Ms. Goodson testified both assignments required her to perform tasks beyond
her light duty restrictions. !d. She further testified she did not return to work for Dollar
General because she "felt [she] could not do her job properly." Ms. Goodson
acknowledged she has not attempted to find employment elsewhere since she worked for
Dollar General. Testimony did not reveal the dates that Ms. Goodson attempted to work
following her fall.
Pursuant to the referral by Sentef Medical Centers, Dollar General offered a panel
of physicians from which Ms. Goodson selected Dr. Timothy Strait, a neurosurgeon, on
September 5, 2015. She saw Dr. Strait on October 20 and reported her fall from a ladder
at Dollar General caused "some increased pain in her lower back going down her left
leg." (Ex. 6; Ex. 15.) Ms. Goodson disclosed her previous treatment with Dr. Stephen
Dreskin for chronic low back pain. !d. Dr. Strait noted Ms. Goodson's prior treatment
for "chronic lower back syndrome secondary to a Grade I spondylolisthesis at L4-5." !d.
He reviewed an MRI of the lumbar spine perfonned on February 24, 2014. !d. Upon
examining Ms. Goodson and reviewing x-rays and her prior MRI from February 24,
2014, Dr. Strait opined:
I suspect her recent worsening in terms of her lower back pain as well as
the emergence of bilateral leg pain is secondary to worsening of her
previous grade I spondylolisthesis at L4-5.
At this point I would favor her undergoing an updated MRI study of the
lumbar spine. She will probably require a decompression and stabilization,
2
A Medcor On-Line form documents that Dollar General authorized the initial visit. !d.
2
although I would defer any additional recommendations until seeing this
updated study.
!d. Dr. Strait also placed Ms. Goodson on light duty consisting of no lifting over five
pounds and sitting work only. !d. Ms. Goodson testified she received a denial letter from
Dollar General prior to obtaining the MRI recommended by Dr. Strait. She also received
medical bills from providers authorized by Dollar General prior to its denial of her
claim. 3 (Ex. 7.)
Regarding Ms. Goodson's pre-existing back condition, the parties admitted
medical records into evidence that revealed the following relevant history of her prior
back treatment. Ms. Goodson testified she first sought treatment for her back with Dr.
John Hammond, who diagnosed her with sciatica on December 23, 2013, based on her
complaints of pain that radiated to her left and right thighs and calves. (Ex. 8 at 003,
006.) Dr. Hammond subsequently ordered a lumbar MRI performed on February 24,
2014, which indicated "[g]rade I spondylolisthesis of L4 on L5 secondary to degenerative
changes of the facet joints;" "moderate central spinal stenosis;" and, "[b]road-based disc
herniation involving the exiting foramina on the left at L4-L5." !d. at 021-023. While
treating with Dr. Hammond, Ms. Goodson received pain management from Dr. Sung R.
Cho from July 8, 2014, through November 26, 2014, including narcotic pain medication
and lumbar epidural steroid injections. (Ex. 10.)
Dr. Cho subsequently referred Ms. Goodson to Dr. Stephen Dreskin for continued
pain management. (Ex. 12.) She began seeing Dr. Dreskin on January 26, 2015, and
continued to see him on a monthly basis prior to and after her August 25, 2015 fall. !d.
In the six weeks leading up to Ms. Goodson's fall, she rated her pain level as eight out of
ten. !d. at 116. She requested a referral from Dr. Hammond to see Dr. Hodges, an
orthopedic surgeon, and Dr. Hammond referred her on August 3, 2015, to see an
orthopedic surgeon to "[e]valuate and treat for chronic back pain." 4 (Ex. 8 at 028-030.)
Five days before her fall, Ms. Goodson rated her pain level as nine out of ten. (Ex. 12 at
112.)
Approximately one month after Ms. Goodson saw Dr. Strait, Dollar General sent
her to have an independent medical evaluation (IME) performed by Dr. James P. Little on
November 17, 2015. (Ex. 16.) He reviewed documents provided to him by Genex
Services, a case management provider, including "office notes from pain clinic,
Independent Medical Evaluation from neurosurgery, MRI reports of the lumbar spine
3
Diagnostic Imaging Consultants and Sentef Medical Centers bills appear to be for medical treatment authorized by
Dollar General prior to its denial of Ms. Goodson's claim. However, the billing statements from UT Erlanger
Health Network and Erlanger Health System were not for treatment authorized by Dollar General.
4
It is unknown whether Ms. Goodson saw Dr. Hodges or any other orthopedic surgeon as a result of Dr.
Hammond's referral.
3
(February 24, 2014), ESI procedure note (July 24, 2015), x-rays of the lumbar spine
(December 23, 2013 & August 25, 2015) and various administrative paperwork." ld. Dr.
Little noted Ms. Goodson's pre-injury treatment plan had not changed, her medication
regimen had not changed, and no additional spinal procedures were performed since her
August 25, 2015 fall. ld. In response to whether Ms. Goodson's condition "was caused
primarily by the event of August 25, 2015," Dr. Little opined, "based on my current
history and physical examination and review of [Ms. Goodson's) medical records, all
other causes have contributed more than 50% to the patient's current/ongoing complaints
of bilateral radicular lower extremity narcotic dependent pain." ld.
On December 1, 2015, Ms. Goodson underwent aCT lumbar spine. 5 (Ex. 12 at
176.) Dr. Dreskin noted on December 17, 2015, that Ms. Goodson, "[s]aw Dr. Strait and
had MRI 12/01115 that showed no changes from previous in 2014. Will increase
Gabapentin to 400 mg QID for burning pain." ld. at 165. A month later, Dr. Dreskin
also increased Ms. Goodson's hydrocodone, at her request, and her Neurotin dosage. ld.
at 162.
Dollar General subsequently provided Dr. Little with the December 1, 2015 CT
study and requested he compare it to her prior February 24, 2014 MRI. (Ex. 16.) On
June 9, 2016, Dr. Little opined that, "[f]rom a purely anatomical perspective, there may
be an argument for a structural change (increased spondylolisthesis) in the spine itself,
but Ms. Goodson's pre-existing low back condition remains unchanged as defined by her
clinical presentation as indicated in the November 17, 2015 Independent Medical
Evaluation." Id. He also reiterated his prior opinion that other causes contributed more
than fifty percent to her current condition. ld.
Ms. Goodson requested the Court order Dollar General to pay for medical
benefits, including the medical treatment previously authorized by Dollar General, and
temporary disability benefits. She testified her back is worse since the fall on August 25,
2015. Ms. Goodson also pointed out that Dollar General did not authorize the MRI
ordered by Dr. Strait before it denied her claim.
Dollar General argued Ms. Goodson's claim should be denied. It argued causation
is not established. Dollar General pointed out Dr. Strait, Ms. Goodson's panel physician,
did not address causation. It stated that Dr. Little, Dollar General's IME physician,
opined there is no change in Ms. Goodson's pre-existing back condition. Dollar General
also stated Dr. Dreskin, Ms. Goodson's personal physician, reviewed Ms. Goodson's
MRI and CT scans and found no change, so Dr. Little's opinion is undisputed.
5
The report reflects Jason Lee Kile ordered the CT test. However, it is unknown to the Court with which medical
group he practices.
4
Regarding the issue of temporary disability benefits, Dollar General argued Ms.
Goodson did not consult with any doctor regarding her unilateral decision not to return to
work on restricted duty. It argued Ms. Goodson made no effort to return to work. Dollar
General further argued it is unclear how long Ms. Goodman remained on restricted duty.
Ms. Goodson filed a Petition for Benefit Determination on April 13, 2016, seeking
benefits for her alleged back injury. The parties did not resolve the disputed issues
through mediation, and the mediator filed a Dispute Certification Notice on May 31,
2016. Ms. Goodson filed a Request for Expedited Hearing, and this Court heard the
matter on September 26, 2016. At the hearing, Dollar General moved for a directed
verdict, which the Court took under advisement but now denies. 6
Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law
Ms. Goodson bears the burden of proof on all essential elements of her workers'
compensation claim. Scott v. Integrity Staffing Solutions, No. 2015-01-0055, 2015 TN
Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 24, at *6 (Tenn. Workers' Comp. App. Bd. Aug. 18, 2015).
However, she is not required to prove every element of her claim by a preponderance of
the evidence in order to obtain relief at an expedited hearing. McCord v. Advantage
Human Resourcing, No. 2014-06-0063, 2015 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 6, at *7-
8, 9 (Tenn. Workers' Comp. App. Bd. Mar. 27, 2015). Rather, at an expedited hearing,
Ms. Goodson must come forward with sufficient evidence from which this Court might
determine that she is likely to prevail at a hearing on the merits. !d.
The following general principles govern adjudication of this proceeding. In order
for an injury to be compensable, it must be accidental. Under the Tennessee Workers'
Compensation Law, an injury is accidental "only if the injury is caused by a specific
incident, or set of incidents, arising primarily out of and in the course and scope of
employment, and is identifiable by time and place of occurrence." Tenn. Code Ann. §
6
In Burchjieldv. Renfree, No. E2012-01582-WA-R3-CV, 2013 Tenn. App. LEXIS 685, at *86-*87 (Tenn. Ct. App.
Oct. 18, 20 13), the Court of Appeals reiterated the principles regarding directed verdicts:
The rule for detennining a motion for directed verdict requires the trial judge and the appellate
courts to look to all of the evidence, take the strongest, legitimate view of the evidence in favor of
the opponent of the motion and allow all reasonable inferences from it in his favor. The court
must disregard all countervailing evidence and if there is then any dispute as to any material,
detenninative evidence or any doubt as to the conclusions to be drawn from the whole evidence,
the motion must be denied. The court may grant the motion only if, after assessing the evidence
according to the foregoing standards, it determines that reasonable minds could not differ as to the
conclusions to be drawn from the evidence.
(internal citations omitted). In the present case, the Court finds that reasonable minds can differ as to the
conclusions to be drawn from the evidence, so Dollar General's motion for a directed verdict is denied.
Additionally, the Court notes that directed verdicts are appropriate in the context of jury trials as opposed to bench
trials.
5
50-6-102(14)(A) (2015). Ms. Goodson must show, to a reasonable degree of medical
certainty, that the incident "contributed more than fifty percent (50%) in causing the ...
disablement or need for medical treatment, considering all causes." Tenn. Code Ann. §
50-6-1 02(14 )(C) (20 15). Likewise, an aggravation of a pre-existing condition is
compensable only if "it can be shown to a reasonable degree of medical certainty that the
aggravation arose primarily out of and in the course and scope of employment." Tenn.
Code Ann. § 50-6-102(14)(A) (2015). Further, as the panel physician, Dr. Strait's
opinion regarding causation "shall be presumed correct but this presumption shall be
rebuttable by a preponderance of the evidence." Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-102(14)(E)
(2015).
With these legal principles in mind, the Court first considers whether Ms.
Goodson satisfied the necessary requirements to qualifY for medical benefits. The
Workers' Compensation Appeals Board provided direction regarding the requirements an
employee with pre-existing conditions must satisfy in order to qualify for medical
benefits at an interlocutory hearing:
[A ]n injured worker who alleges an aggravation of a pre-existing condition
must offer evidence that the aggravation arose primarily out of and in the
course and scope of employment. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-102(13)(A)
(2014). Moreover, the employee must come forward with sufficient
evidence from which the trial court can determine that the employee would
likely establish, to a reasonable degree of medical certainty, that the work
accident contributed more than fifty percent in causing the aggravation,
considering all causes. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-102(13)(B)-(C).
Finally, an aggravation or exacerbation need not be permanent for an
injured worker to qualify for medical treatment reasonably necessitated by
the aggravation.
Miller v. Lowe's Home Centers, Inc., No. 2015-05-0158,2015 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd.
LEXIS 40, at *18 (Tenn. Workers' Comp. App. Bd. Oct. 21, 2015). 7 (T.R. 6 at Ex. 2.)
Here, it is undisputed that Ms. Goodson had chronic back problems that required
monthly pain management. It is also undisputed that her pain level five days prior to the
work injury on August 25, 2015, was actually greater than her pain level on the day of the
fall. Dr. Strait, her panel physician, opined, "I suspect [Ms. Goodson's] recent worsening
in terms of her lower back pain as well as the emergence of bilateral leg pain is secondary
to worsening of her previous grade I spondylolisthesis at L4-5." (Ex. 15.) The Court
notes that Dr. Strait's opinion indicates he was unaware that Ms. Goodson had
experienced bilateral leg pain since at least 2013 or that, five days prior to the fall, she
rated her pain level higher than she did on the date of the fall. Further, Dr. Strait did not
7
After the release of Miller, the statutory provisions the Appeals Board cited were recodified.
6
opine that any possible worsening of her prior grade I spondylolisthesis at L4-5 was
aggravated by Ms. Goodson's fall. Further, Dr. Little, Dollar General's IME physician,
opined that other causes contributed more than fifty percent to Ms. Goodson's current
condition. (Ex. 16.) After comparing her February 24, 2014 MRI and December 1, 2015
CT scan, Dr. Little opined there was no change to Ms. Goodson's pre-existing low back
condition. !d. 8
Ms. Goodson offered no medical proof indicating that the need for medical
treatment arose primarily out of and in the course and scope of her employment. Thus,
the Court holds Ms. Goodson has not demonstrated she is likely to prevail at a hearing on
the merits establishing either an acute injury or an aggravation of her pre-existing back
condition due to her fall on August 25, 2015. Although Ms. Goodson has not met the
requirements of Tennessee Code Annotated section 50-6-102(14)(A) (2015) to qualify for
medical benefits, Dollar General is liable for any outstanding medical bills associated
with authorized medical treatment prior to its denial of Ms. Goodson's claim. Based on
the Court's holding, the Court will not address the issue regarding temporary disability
benefits at this time.
IT IS, THEREFORE, ORDERED as follows :
1. Ms. Goodson's request for medical benefits is denied. However, Dollar General is
liable for any medical treatment it authorized prior to its denial of Ms. Goodson's
claim if any such bills remain outstanding.
2. Ms. Goodson's request for temporary disability benefits is denied.
3. This matter is set for a Status Hearing on December 13, 2016, at 2:00 p.m.,
Eastern Time.
ENTERED this the 19th day of October, 2016.
8
Although Dr. Little acknowledged there might be "an argument for a structural change (increased
spondylolisthesis) in the spine itself," he opined Ms. Goodson's "pre-existing low back condition remains
unchanged as defined by her clinical presentation." !d.
7
Status Hearing:
A Scheduling Hearing has been set on December 13, 2016, at 2:00 p.m. Eastern
Time, with Judge Audrey A. Headrick, Court of Workers' Compensation Claims.
You must call 423-634-0164 or toll free at 855-383-0001 to participate in the Initial
Hearing.
Please Note: You must call in on the scheduled date/time to
participate. Failure to call in may result in a determination of the issues without
your further participation.
Right to Appeal:
Tennessee Law allows any party who disagrees with this Expedited Hearing Order
to appeal the decision to the Workers' Compensation Appeals Board. To file a Notice of
Appeal, you must:
1. Complete the enclosed form entitled: "Expedited Hearing Notice of Appeal."
2. File the completed form with the Court Clerk within seven business days of the
date the Workers' Compensation Judge entered the Expedited Hearing Order.
3. Serve a copy of the Expedited Hearing Notice of Appeal upon the opposing party.
4. The appealing party is responsible for payment of a filing fee in the amount of
$75.00. Within ten calendar days after the filing of a notice of appeal, payment
must be received by check, money order, or credit card payment. Payments can be
made in person at any Bureau office or by United States mail, hand-delivery, or
other delivery service. In the alternative, the appealing party may file an Affidavit
of Indigency, on a form prescribed by the Bureau, seeking a waiver of the filing
fee. The Affidavit of Indigency may be filed contemporaneously with the Notice
of Appeal or must be filed within ten calendar days thereafter. The Appeals Board
will consider the Affidavit of Indigency and issue an Order granting or denying
the request for a waiver of the filing fee as soon thereafter as is
practicable. Failure to timely oav the filing fee or fi.le the Affidavit of
Indigency in accordance with this section shall result in dismissal of the
appeal.
5. The parties, having the responsibility of ensuring a complete record on appeal,
may request, from the Court Clerk, the audio recording of the hearing for the
purpose of having a transcript prepared by a licensed court reporter and filing it
with the Court Clerk within ten calendar days of the filing of the Expedited
Hearing Notice of Appeal. Alternatively, the parties may file a joint statement of
8
the evidence within ten calendar days of the filing of the Expedited Hearing
Notice of Appeal. The statement of the evidence must convey a complete and
accurate account of what transpired in the Court of Workers' Compensation
Claims and must be approved by the workers' compensation judge before the
record is submitted to the Clerk of the Appeals Board.
6. If the appellant elects to file a position statement in support of the interlocutory
appeal, the appellant shall file such position statement with the Court Clerk within
five business days of the expiration of the time to file a transcript or statement of
the evidence, specifYing the issues presented for review and including any
argument in support thereof. A party opposing the appeal shall file a response, if
any, with the Court Clerk within five business days of the filing of the appellant's
position statement. All position statements pertaining to an appeal of an
interlocutory order should include: (1) a statement summarizing the facts of the
case from the evidence admitted during the expedited hearing; (2) a statement
summarizing the disposition of the case as a result of the expedited hearing; (3) a
statement of the issue(s) presented for review; and (4) an argument, citing
appropriate statutes, case law, or other authority.
9
APPENDIX
Exhibits:
1. Affidavit of Theresa Goodson
2. Separation Notice
3. Affidavit of Brittany Mikel-Norris
4. Employer's First Report of Work Injury or Illness
5. Wage Statement
6. Panel
7. Medical Bills
8. Medical records of Cherokee Health Systems (Dr. John Hammond)
9. Medical records of Chattanooga Imaging
10. Medical records of Dr. Sung R. Cho
11. Medical records of Skyridge Medical Center
12. Medical records of Tennessee Valley Pain Management
13. Medical records of Memorial Hospital
14. Medical records ofSentefMedical Centers
15. Medical records ofDr. Timothy Strait
16. Medical records of Dr. James P. Little
Technical record: 9
1. Petition for Benefit Determination, filed April 13, 2016
2. Dispute Certification Notice with additional disputed Issues and defenses
attached, filed May 31, 2016
3. Request for Expedited Hearing, filed July 26, 2016
4. Request for In-Person Hearing and Response to Employee's Request for
Expedited Hearing, filed August 1, 2016
5. Order for Expedited Hearing, entered August 17, 2016
6. Notice of Expedited Hearing, filed August 26,2016
7. Notice of Filing Medical Records, filed September 8, 2016
8. Defendant's Pre-Hearing Brief, filed September 12, 2016
9. Motion for Partial Continuance, filed September 14, 2016
10. Notice of Hearing, filed September 21, 2016
11. Order Denying Motion for Continuance, filed September 22, 2016, and
withdrawn on September 23, 2016
9
The Court did not consider attachments to Technical Record filings unless admitted into evidence during the
Expedited Hearing. The Court considered factual statements in these filings or any attachments to them as
allegations unless established by the evidence.
10
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that a true and correct copy of the Expedited Hearing Order was
sent to the following recipients by the following methods of service on this the 19th day
of October, 2016.
Name Certified Via Via Service sent to:
Mail Fax Email
Theresa Goodson, X 10300 Arnat Drive
Employee Soddy-Daisy, TN 37379
Jennifer S. White, X jennifer.,•vhite@Qetersonwrute.com
Attorney ryan.malone@Qetersonwhite.com
Ryan T. Malone,
Attorney
11