The opinion
FIT__,ED
Marcb24, 2016
1N COURT OF
WORKIRS' COMPENSATION
CLAIMS
TIME 12:2 7 PM
IN THE COURT OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION CLAIMS
AT JACKSON
KIMBERLY WILLIAMS ) Docket No.: 2015-07-0221
Employee, )
v. ) State File No.: 94862-2014
VOLVO GROUP )
Employer, ) Judge Amber E. Luttrell
And )
LIBERTY MUTUAL INSURANCE )
Insurance Carrier. )
EXPEDITED HEARING ORDER DENYING MEDICAL BENEFITS
This matter came before the undersigned Workers' Compensation Judge on the
Request for Expedited Hearing filed by the employee, Kimberly Williams, pursuant to
Tennessee Code Annotated section 50-6-239 (20 15). Ms. Williams seeks medical
benefits, including surgery, for injuries to her right arm. The central legal issue for
determination is whether Ms. Williams presented sufficient medical proof of an injury by
accident or aggravation of a preexisting condition arising primarily out of and in the
course and scope of her employment with the employer, Volvo Group. If so, the second
issue for determination is whether the recommended surgery is medically necessary for
Ms. Williams' work injuries. For the reasons set forth below, the Court finds Ms.
Williams did not carry her burden of proving entitlement to the requested benefits at this
time.
History of Claim
Ms. Williams is a fifty-two-year-old resident of Henderson County, Tennessee.
She worked as a production assembler for Volvo in Lexington, Tennessee. Ms. Williams
worked in two different departments, the "engine side" and the "drive side." On the
engine side, she used seven different air tools and worked with parts weighing up to
thirty-five pounds. On the drive side, she used three different air guns. Ms. Williams
worked ten-hour days, four days a week. She also worked overtime up to ten hours each
week. She developed pain over time in her dominant right arm from repetitively jerking
and bouncing her right arm while using the air guns.
1
Ms. Williams testified she suffered an acute injury on November 17, 2014, when
she worked on the drive side and had to use a torque gun to "torque down a nod." She
stated, "[I]t jerked so hard it flew out of my hand and back up to the ceiling. That really
did me in." She injured her right hand, wrist, and elbow. Ms. Williams reported the injury
to her supervisor, Anthony Gean. Volvo filed a First Report of Injury stating, "EE was
using a torque gun and it jerked her right hand and thumb up to the right elbow." (Ex. 1.)
Ms. Williams testified on cross-examination that she is claiming a "repetitive injury over
a certain amount of time," rather than an acute injury.
According to Ms. Williams, Volvo provided her a panel of orthopedic physicians
from which she selected Dr. James Warmbrod for treatment.
Ms. Williams saw Dr. Warmbrod on December 23, 2014. She gave a history of
working in production using an air gun for many years. (Ex. 4.) Mr. Williams reported
some discomfort in her right elbow and right hand for at least two years. !d. She stated on
approximately December 4, 2014, 1 she was "using an air gun and her wrist got jerked and
twisted." !d. She experienced "pain along the base of the thumb and up into the arm to
the elbow." !d. Ms. Williams complained of minimal tingling in the thumb, index, and
middle finger. Her main complaint was over the thenar aspect of the thumb. She stated
the tingling started there and went up the lateral side of her forearm to the elbow. !d.
Following an exam, Dr. Warmbrod diagnosed carpal tunnel syndrome, lateral
epicondylitis of the right elbow, and carpometacarpal (CMC) degenerative joint disease.
He ordered a right nerve conduction study (NCS), which revealed mild median
neuropathy at the wrist consistent with carpal tunnel syndrome. !d. at 5. Dr. Warmbrod
treated Ms. Williams conservatively and took her off work. When her thumb pain
returned, Dr. Warmbrod referred her to a hand specialist, Dr. Fred Torstrick, for further
evaluation. !d.
Ms. Williams saw Dr. Torstrick on February 24, 2015, and complained of
tenderness in the right thumb and elbow, and numbness and tingling in her right hand
since approximately May 17, 2014. (Ex. 5.) Ms. Williams gave Dr. Torstrick a history of
a work injury on or about December 17, 20 14, when she used an air gun and her right
wrist twisted causing pain at the base of the right thumb radiating to the elbow.
Following an exam, he diagnosed CMC degenerative joint disease, lateral epicondylitis
of the right elbow, and pain in her wrist joint. !d. Dr. Torstrick ordered an MRI of her
right thumb and wrist to rule out any ligamentous injury. He noted Ms. Williams was
asymptomatic in the lateral epicondyle at the time of her visit and referred her back to Dr.
Warmbrod for any recurrent symptoms.
1
The Court notes three different dates of injury in the medical proof and documentary evidence: November 17,
December 4, and December 17.
2
Ms. Williams underwent a right wrist and right hand MRI on March 3, 2015. (Ex.
5 at 19.) She also underwent a second NCS on March 10, 2015, which still indicated mild
carpal tunnel syndrome. !d. at 22. Dr. Torstrick reviewed the MRI results and diagnosed a
solitary bone cyst at the base of the right index finger metacarpal, arthralgia of the hand
with possible mild chondromalacia of the ulnar aspect of the lunate, CTS, lateral
epicondylitis, and CMC joint sprain. !d. at 23.
Concerning causation, Dr. Torstrick opined the bone cyst and probable ganglion
cyst were unrelated to her work injury. Regarding her carpal tunnel syndrome, Dr.
Torstrick stated, "carpal tunnel syndrome is frequently multifactorial and while her work
activities may likely have aggravated her carpal tunnel symptoms, I cannot say that her
carpal tunnel symptoms are solely related to her work activities." !d. at 26. Based upon
the length of her symptoms and the MRI results, Dr. Torstrick referred Ms. Williams to
another hand surgeon, Dr. Mike Milek, for further evaluation.
Ms. Williams saw Dr. Milek at Tennessee Orthopedic Alliance on April 1, 2015,
for another opinion. (Ex. 6.) Following review of the diagnostic studies and examination,
Dr. Milek also diagnosed lateral epicondylitis, CMC joint disease, and carpal tunnel
compression. He recommended a resection arthroplasty of the CMC joint and carpal
tunnel release. Dr. Milek assigned limited-duty work restrictions consisting of only
occasional use of the right hand with no heavy gripping and no lifting over five pounds.
!d. Ms. Williams testified Volvo terminated her because they could not accommodate her
restrictions.
Concerning causation, Dr. Milek opined, "[T]hese issues in my opmwn are
aggravated by her work activities, but they are multifactorial in origin. There is an
association with her work activities but her work activities and activities in general are
not the sole cause of these three difficulties." (Ex. 6 at 43.) The nurse case manager,
Susie Moore, subsequently sent a fax to Dr. Milek asking if Ms. Williams' conditions
"arose primarily, over 50% from the course of her employment." In a handwritten
response dated April22, 2015, Dr. Milek stated, "not greater than 50%."
Volvo subsequently referred Dr. Milek's surgical recommendation to Liberty
Mutual Managed Care (Prium), for utilization review. Dr. Robin Simon performed the
evaluation and issued a report dated April 8, 2015, denying the recommended surgery.
(Ex. 8.) She opined the clinical information did not support the medical necessity of the
surgery. !d. On the same date, Liberty Mutual issued a letter to Dr. Milek and Ms.
Williams notifying them of the denial. Ms. Williams appealed the UR denial and by letter
dated May 4, 2015, Dr. Talmage, Assistant Medical Director of the Bureau of Workers'
Compensation, agreed with Dr. Simon's denial based upon lack of medical necessity.
(Ex. 9.)
3
Volvo filed a Notice of Denial on May 4, 2015, and stated the basis for denial was
"not work related." (Ex. 2.) Ms. Williams subsequently filed a Petition for Benefit
Determination seeking medical benefits. The parties did not resolve the disputed issues
through mediation, and the Mediating Specialist filed a Dispute Certification Notice. Ms.
Williams filed a Request for Expedited Hearing, and this Court heard the matter on
February 18, 2016.
At the Expedited Hearing, Ms. Williams asserted she developed gradual problems
in her right arm, but the injury on November 17, 2014, was "the straw that broke the
camel's back." First, Ms. Williams contended she is likely to prevail at a hearing on the
merits on causation based upon the opinions expressed by Dr. Torstrick and Dr. Milek.
Ms. Williams further argued that Dr. Milek's causation opinion supported her contention
that she suffered an aggravation of her preexisting condition that arose primarily out of
and in the course and scope of her employment at Volvo. Secondly, Ms. Williams
contended she is entitled to the surgery recommended by Dr. Milek, despite the UR
denial, based upon Tennessee Code Annotated section 50-6-204(a)(3)(H) (2015), which
provides any treatment recommended by the authorized treating physician shall be
presumed medically necessary.
Volvo countered that Dr. Milek opined Ms. Williams' conditions did not primarily
arise out of and in the course and scope of her employment and his causation opinion is
afforded a presumption of accuracy pursuant to Tennessee Code Annotated section 50-6-
102(13)(E) (2015). Volvo further argued that Dr. Milek's opinion was clear and
unequivocal and Ms. Williams offered no countervailing medical proof to overcome the
presumption afforded to Dr. Milek. Concerning surgery, Volvo argued the statute
provides the process for utilization review and both the private UR physician and Dr.
Talmage opined that surgery was not reasonably necessary at this time. Volvo argued Ms.
Williams is not entitled to the recommended surgery based upon the UR denial.
Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law
Ms. Williams is correct that she need not prove every element of her claim by a
preponderance of the evidence at this Expedited Hearing stage in order to obtain relief.
McCord v. Advantage Human Resourcing, No. 2014-06-0063, 2015 TN Wrk. Comp.
App. Bd. LEXIS 6, at *7-8, 9 (Tenn. Workers' Comp. App. Bd. Mar. 27, 2015).
However, she must come forward with sufficient evidence from which this court might
determine she is likely to prevail at a hearing on the merits. !d.; Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-
239(d)(1)(2015). In analyzing whether she has met her burden, the Court will not
remedially or liberally construe the law in her favor, but instead shall construe the law
fairly, impartially, and in accordance with basic principles of statutory construction
favoring neither Ms. Williams nor Volvo. See Tenn. Code Ann.§ 50-6-116 (2015).
Analysis
4
The Court finds the controlling statute on the issue in this case is Tennessee Code
Annotated section 50-6-102(14) (2015). It provides that to be compensable, Ms. Williams
must show her alleged injury arose primarily out of and in the course and scope of her
employment. To do so, she must show her injury was caused by an incident, or specific
set of incidents, identifiable by time and place of occurrence, and shall not include the
aggravation of a preexisting condition unless it can be shown to a reasonable degree of
medical certainty that the aggravation arose primarily out of and in the course and scope
of employment. Tenn. Code Ann.§ 50-6-102(14)(A) (2015). Further, she must show, "to
a reasonable degree of medical certainty that it contributed more than fifty percent (50%)
in causing the ... disablement or need for medical treatment, considering all causes."
Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-102(14)(C) (2015).
Ms. Williams' testimony concerning her injury was somewhat unclear. She
testified to an acute injury on November 17, 2014, when working with a torque gun, but
also testified she developed a repetitive injury to her right arm over time. Ms. Williams
acknowledged a two-year history of symptoms in her wrist and elbow prior to her injury
on November 17, 2014, for which she self-treated with the use of a wrist brace she
purchased at Walmart. She testified further she experienced pain in her right arm from
repetitively jerking and bouncing her right arm while using the air guns. However, she
testified she did not seek treatment for her right wrist and elbow until she saw Dr. Walker
following the work incident on November 17, 2014. The histories taken by Drs.
Warmbrod and Torstrick are consistent with Ms. Williams' testimony regarding both her
preexisting symptoms and her specific jerking injury involving the torque gun.
Concerning medical causation for Ms. Williams' right arm condition, the only
medical proof before the Court is from Dr. Torstrick and Dr. Milek. Dr. Torstrick opined
the bone cyst in the index finger and probable ganglion cyst of the ring finger found on
MRI were unrelated to Ms. Williams' work injury. Regarding her carpal tunnel
syndrome, Dr. Torstrick stated, "carpal tunnel syndrome is frequently multifactorial and
while her work activities may likely have aggravated her carpal tunnel symptoms, I
cannot say that her carpal tunnel symptoms are solely related to her work activities." (Ex
5. at 26.) Dr. Torstrick did not comment regarding causation for the lateral epicondylitis.
The Court finds Dr. Torstrick's causation opinion insufficient to establish Ms. Williams
sustained an acute injury or aggravation arising primarily out of and in the course and
scope of her employment at Volvo.
Turning to Dr. Milek's opinion, he stated, "[T]hese issues in my opm10n are
aggravated by her work activities, but they are multifactorial in origin. There is an
association with her work activities but her work activities and activities in general are
not the sole cause of these three difficulties." (Ex. 6 at 43.) When asked if Ms. Williams'
conditions "arose primarily, over 50% from the course of her employment," Dr. Milek
responded and noted, "not greater than 50%." (Ex. 7.)
5
At the Expedited Hearing, Ms. Williams asserted the issue is whether she
sustained an aggravation of her preexisting conditions in her right arm primarily arising
out of and in the course and scope of her work activities. She argued Dr. Milek's
statement in his record that her condition was aggravated by her work activities provides
sufficient proof from which the Court may conclude she is likely to prevail at a hearing
on the merits in establishing medical causation. The Court respectfully disagrees.
The Court finds while Dr. Milek did associate her symptoms with Ms. Williams'
work activities, he unequivocally opined that Ms. Williams' conditions did not arise
primarily out ofher employment and stated "not greater than 50%." (Ex. 7.) (Emphasis
added.) Pursuant to Tennessee Code Annotated section 50-6-102(13)(E) (2015), Dr.
Milek's opinion is afforded a presumption of correctness on the issue of medical
causation that is rebuttable only by a preponderance of the evidence. Ms. Williams did
not introduce contrary medical proof to rebut the presumption.
Ms. Williams further argued that Volvo did not ask Dr. Milek specifically whether
she suffered an aggravation that arose primarily out of and in the course and scope of her
employment. The Court is not persuaded by Ms. Williams' more narrow interpretation of
the question posed to Dr. Milek and his overall causation opinion. The Court finds Dr.
Milek's opinion fails to support Ms. Williams' contention that she sustained an
aggravation of a preexisting condition arising primarily out of and in the course and
scope of her employment. However, even if the Court accepted Ms. Williams'
interpretation of Dr. Milek's opinion, the result would be that there is no medical proof
before the Court addressing whether Ms. Williams suffered an aggravation of her
preexisting condition arising primarily out of and in the course and scope of her
employment. The Court notes Ms. Williams has the burden of proof to come forward
with sufficient medical evidence from which this Court may determine she is likely to
prevail at a hearing on the merits. Based upon the medical evidence at this time, the Court
finds Ms. Williams' did not carry that burden.
In sum, the Court finds the medical proof, at this time, is insufficient to rebut the
presumption of correctness afforded Dr. Milek. Accordingly, the Court finds Ms.
Williams did not come forward with sufficient medical evidence from which the Court
could determine she is likely to prevail on the merits at trial. In light of the Court's
finding on medical causation, the Court finds the secondary issue of whether Ms.
Williams' surgery is medically necessary need not be addressed at this time.
IT IS, THEREFORE, ORDERED as follows:
1. Ms. Williams' claim against Volvo and its workers' compensation carrier for the
requested medical benefits is denied at this time.
6
2. This matter is set for an Initial (Scheduling) Hearing on May 19, 2016, at 2:00
p.m. central time.
ENTERED this the 24th day of
Ju
Court of Workers' Compensation Claims
Initial (Scheduling) Hearing:
An Initial (Scheduling) Hearing has been set with Judge Luttrell, Court of
Workers' Compensation Claims. You must call 901-543-2668 or toll-free at 855-543-
5046 to participate in the Initial Hearing.
Please Note: You must call in on the scheduled date/time to
participate. Failure to call in may result in a determination of the issues without
your further participation.
Right to Appeal:
Tennessee Law allows any party who disagrees with this Expedited Hearing Order
to appeal the decision to the Workers' Compensation Appeals Board. To file a Notice of
Appeal, you must:
1. Complete the enclosed form entitled: "Expedited Hearing Notice of Appeal."
2. File the completed form with the Court Clerk within seven business days of the
date the Workers' Compensation Judge entered the Expedited Hearing Order.
3. Serve a copy of the Expedited Hearing Notice of Appeal upon the opposing party.
4. The appealing party is responsible for payment of a filing fee in the amount of
$75.00. Within ten calendar days after the filing of a notice of appeal, payment
must be received by check, money order, or credit card payment. Payments can be
made in person at any Bureau office or by United States mail, hand-delivery, or
other delivery service. In the alternative, the appealing party may file an Affidavit
of Indigency, on a form prescribed by the Bureau, seeking a waiver of the filing
fee. The Affidavit of Indigency may be filed contemporaneously with the Notice
7
of Appeal or must be filed within ten calendar days thereafter. The Appeals Board
will consider the Affidavit of Indigency and issue an Order granting or denying
the request for a waiver of the filing fee as soon thereafter as is
practicable. Failure to timely pay the filing fee or file the Affidavit of
Indigency in accordance with this section shall result in dismissal of the
appeal.
5. The parties, having the responsibility of ensuring a complete record on appeal,
may request, from the Court Clerk, the audio recording of the hearing for the
purpose of having a transcript prepared by a licensed court reporter and filing it
with the Court Clerk within ten calendar days of the filing of the Expedited
Hearing Notice of Appeal. Alternatively, the parties may file a joint statement of
the evidence within ten calendar days of the filing of the Expedited Hearing
Notice of Appeal. The statement of the evidence must convey a complete and
accurate account of what transpired in the Court of Workers' Compensation
Claims and must be approved by the Workers' Compensation Judge before the
record is submitted to the Clerk of the Appeals Board.
6. If the appellant elects to file a position statement in support of the interlocutory
appeal, the appellant shall file such position statement with the Court Clerk within
five business days of the expiration of the time to file a transcript or statement of
the evidence, specifYing the issues presented for review and including any
argument in support thereof. A party opposing the appeal shall file a response, if
any, with the Court Clerk within five business days of the filing of the appellant's
position statement. All position statements pertaining to an appeal of an
interlocutory order should include: (1) a statement summarizing the facts of the
case from the evidence admitted during the expedited hearing; (2) a statement
summarizing the disposition of the case as a result of the expedited hearing; (3) a
statement of the issue( s) presented for review; and (4) an argument, citing
appropriate statutes, case law, or other authority.
8
APPENDIX
Exhibits:
1. First Report of Work Injury
2. Notice of Denial of Claim for Compensation dated May 4, 2015
3. Volvo Penta Job Description-Production Assembler
4. Medical records of Dr. James Warmbrod
5. Medical records of Dr. Fred Torstrick
6. Medical records of Dr. Michael Milek
7. Dr. Milek's causation opinion
8. Utilization Review Records
9. Dr. Talmage's May 4, 2015 letter affirming UR decision
Technical record: 2
1. Petition for Benefit Determination
2. Dispute Certification Notice
3. Request for Expedited Hearing
4. Employer's Position Statement
5. Pre-Hearing Order filed January 4, 2016
6. Consent Order Rescheduling Expedited Hearing
7. DeGalliford v. United Cabinet Co., LLC, No. 02013-00943-WC-R3-WC, 2014
Tenn. LEXIS 194 (Tenn. Workers' Comp. Panel2014).
8. Employer's February 22, 2016 position statement in response to DeGalliford v.
United Cabinet decision
2
The Court did not consider attachments to Technical Record filings unless admitted into evidence during the
Expedited Hearing. The Court considered factual statements in these filings or any attachments to them as
allegations unless established by the evidence.
9
10
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that a true and correct copy of the Expedited Hearing Order was
sent to the following recipients by the following methods of service on this the 24th day
ofMarch, 2016.
Name Certified Via Via Service sent to:
Mail Fax Email
Jeffrey Boyd, Esq., X jbo~d @hl!!boren.com
Employee's Counsel
Jonathan May, Esq., X JMa~@Lewis Thomason. com
Employer's Counsel
....,lerk of Court
11