The opinion
IN THE COURT OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION CLAIMS
AT NASHVILLE
ZECHARIAH HARRIS ) Docket No. 68533-2014
Employee, )
) State File No. 2014-06-0018
v. )
) Date of Injury: July 23, 2014
)
SUBWAY, ) Judge: Joshua Davis Baker
Employer, )
)
and )
)
ZURICH NORTH AMERICA )
Insurance Carrier. )
)
EXPEDITED HEARING ORDER DENYING TEMPORARY DISABILITY AND
MEDICAL BENEFITS
THIS CAUSE came to be heard before the undersigned Workers’ Compensation
Judge on August 19, 2015, upon the Request for Expedited Hearing filed by Zechariah
Harris, the employee, on July 8, 2015, pursuant to Tennessee Code Annotated section 50-
6-239 (2014), to determine if the Employer, Subway, is obligated to provide medical and
temporary disability benefits. Considering the positions of the parties, the applicable law,
and all of the evidence submitted, the Court concludes that Mr. Harris is not entitled to
temporary disability or medical benefits at this time.
ANALYSIS
Issues
1. Whether Subway must provide Mr. Harris past medical benefits and mileage for
his alleged workplace injury.
2. Whether Subway must provide Mr. Harris additional medical care for his alleged
1
injury.
3. Whether Subway must provide Mr. Harris temporary disability benefits for the
alleged injury.
4. Whether Mr. Harris sustained an injury that arose out of and in the course and
scope of his employment for Subway, and, if he did, the date on which he suffered
the injury.
Evidence Submitted
The Court admitted into evidence the exhibits below:
1. Affidavit of Zechariah Harris;
2. Discharge record from Nashville General Hospital at Meharry; and
3. Medical Certificate.
The Court designated the following as the technical record:
Petition for Benefit Determination (PBD) dated August 28, 2014;
Dispute Certification Notice (DCN) dated December 29, 2014;
Order on Show Cause Hearing dated May 6, 2015;
Request for Expedited Hearing dated May 8, 2015;
Amended Request for Expedited Hearing dated July 8, 2015;
Subway’s prehearing brief; and
Subway’s witness and exhibit list.
The Court did not consider attachments to the above filings unless admitted into evidence
during the Expedited Hearing. The Court considered factual statements in the above
filings or any attachments to them as allegations unless established by the evidence.
Mr. Harris provided in-person testimony.
History of Claim
Mr. Harris is thirty-two-year-old resident of Davidson County, Tennessee. Mr.
Harris stated in “the month of July,” there were spiders and ants inside the Subway where
he worked and in the area around the outside of the store. (Ex. 1.) He testified that he
killed many spiders in the store. The store owner, Sam Patel, had the store sprayed for
bugs but the treatment did not solve the bug problem.
2
On or around July 20, 2014, Mr. Patel told Mr. Harris to put on some “Subway
gloves,” go outside and pull weeds growing around the building. Mr. Harris pulled the
weeds and tore the glove in the process. After pulling the weeds, he went back inside the
store to prepare sandwiches for customers. Sometime after pulling the weeds, Mr.
Harris’ hand began to itch.
Mr. Harris returned to work at Subway the following day. During his shift, Mr.
Harris noticed a spider in the store. He did not know if the spider bit him. Soon
thereafter, his right hand began to swell.1 He reported the swelling to Mr. Patel, and Mr.
Patel told him to go to the hospital. He went to the emergency room Nashville General
Hospital at Meharry (Meharry), where he received antibiotics and pain pills.
Mr. Harris returned to work the following day. However, the swelling and pain
increased and Mr. Harris began to feel dizzy. Mr. Harris called Mr. Patel and informed
him that he felt dizzy and needed to go to the hospital. Mr. Patel sent another employee
to operate the store and Mr. Harris returned to Meharry.
On July 22, 2014, Mr. Harris was admitted to Meharry with swelling, pain and
redness in his right hand. He remained at Meharry until July 24, 2014, when the hospital
discharged him with diagnoses of cellulitis and asthma.2 (Ex. 2.) Although the discharge
summary does not mention a spider bite, Mr. Harris testified he told Meharry providers a
spider bit him.
Providers at Meharry prescribed Cipro, ibuprofen and an iron tablet, and instructed
Mr. Harris to follow up with an orthopedic specialist. Id. The record does not indicate
providers at Meharry operated on his hand. Id. The parties did not present any additional
medical records at the hearing.
After his release from the hospital, Mr. Harris asked Mr. Patel about workers’
compensation for his injury. Allegedly, Mr. Patel told Mr. Harris, “I don’t do workers’
comp.” Mr. Patel then instructed Mr. Harris to provide Mr. Patel’s phone number to the
hospital and have the hospital contact him. Mr. Harris told Mr. Patel that the system did
not work that way. Mr. Patel became angry and told Mr. Harris to turn in his keys and
leave the store.
On September 11, 2014, Dr. Katina Stevens completed a “Medical Certificate”
with information concerning Mr. Harris’ condition. (Ex. 3.) The certificate indicated
that she treated Mr. Harris for cellulitis of the right finger, and further indicated that the
condition “necessitated” him “leaving usual work” from July 21 to August 7, 2014. Id.
1
Mr. Harris testified that his hand began “knotting up a little bit with holes all in it.” The Court cannot determine
whether he noticed his condition on July 20 or July 21.
2
Mr. Harris incorrectly testified that he stayed in the hospital for four or five days.
3
Dr. Stevens did not indicate whether Mr. Harris’ last period of work caused his cellulitis
condition. Id.
Mr. Harris filed a PBD on August 28, 2014, seeking temporary disability and
medical benefits. The parties did not resolve the disputed issues through mediation and
the Mediation Specialist filed the DCN on December 29, 2014. When neither party filed
a request for hearing, the Court convened a show cause hearing and issued an order
allowing Mr. Harris additional time to request a hearing. Mr. Harris filed a Request for
Expedited Hearing on May 8, 2015, and an amended Request for Expedited Hearing on
July 8, 2015.
Mr. Harris’ Contentions
Mr. Harris argues that he suffered a compensable injury as a result of spider bite
suffered while either pulling weeds or making sandwiches at Subway. He asks that the
Court order Subway to pay him temporary disability and medical benefits, and reimburse
him mileage costs for travel to medical appointments.
Subway’s Contentions
Subway argues that Mr. Harris failed to carry his burden of proving a compensable
workplace injury. Mr. Harris has not shown a specific set of incidents, identifiable by
time and place of occurrence, which caused the alleged injury. Mr. Harris failed to even
identify the date the incident occurred. Furthermore, Mr. Harris has not provided
adequate medical proof of causation.
Concerning payment of past medical bills and temporary disability benefits, Mr.
Harris failed to present receipts for the medical bill payments or any evidence concerning
the period of time he could not work because of the alleged injury. Subway asks the
Court to deny Mr. Harris’ claim for benefits.
Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law
Standard Applied
The Workers’ Compensation Law shall not be remedially or liberally construed in
favor of either party but shall be construed fairly, impartially and in accordance with
basic principles of statutory construction favoring neither the employee nor
employer. Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-116 (2014). An employee need not prove every
element of his or her claim by a preponderance of the evidence in order to obtain relief at
an expedited hearing. McCord v. Advantage Human Resourcing, No. 2014-06-0063,
2015 TN Wrk. Comp. App. Bd. LEXIS 6, at *7-8, 9 (Tenn. Workers’ Comp. App. Bd.
Mar. 27, 2015). At an expedited hearing, an employee has the burden to come forward
4
with sufficient evidence from which the trial court can determine that the employee is
likely to prevail at a hearing on the merits. Id.
Factual Findings
The Court finds that on July 20, 2015, Mr. Harris pulled weeds growing outside
Subway. The Court finds that Mr. Harris pulled the weeds on July 20 based on his
testimony and the Meharry discharge record. The record shows that Meharry admitted
Mr. Harris to the hospital on July 22, 2015. Mr. Harris testified that his hand began
itching the day after he pulled the weeds, July 21, 2015, and that he was admitted to
Meharry the following day, when he became dizzy, and his hand became swollen and
painful. Mr. Patel, the Subway owner, instructed Mr. Harris to pull the weeds.
On July 21, 2015, Mr. Harris’ hand began itching and swelling. That same day,
Mr. Harris saw a spider in the store but does not know if a spider bit him. He also
developed a knot in his hand that had little holes on it. Mr. Harris told Mr. Patel about
the itching and swelling, and Mr. Patel told him to go to the hospital. Mr. Harris went to
Meharry, where providers gave him antiobitics and pain pills before releasing him.
On July 22, 2015, Mr. Harris returned to work at Subway. During his shift, the
swelling and pain in Mr. Harris’ hand intensified. He also became dizzy. Mr. Harris told
Mr. Patel he needed to go to the hospital. He returned to Meharry, where providers
admitted him. Mr. Harris remained there for two days. On July 24, Meharry discharged
Mr. Harris with a diagnosis of cellulitis of the right finger. The medical records do not
indicate the cause of the cellulitis.
After being released from the hospital,l Mr. Harris returned to Subway and
inquired about workers’ compensation coverage. Mr. Patel declined Mr. Harris treatment
under workers’ compensation. Subsequently, Mr. Patel fired Mr. Harris.
Application of Law to Facts
In order for the Court to rule in Mr. Harris’ favor at this Expedited Hearing, Mr.
Harris must set forth a prima facie case of an injury by accident that leads the Court to
finds he is likely to prevail a hearing on the merits. While it is an extremely close issue,
the Court finds that Mr. Harris has failed to carry his burden at this time.
Under the Workers’ Compensation Law, an injury is accidental “only if the injury
is caused by a specific incident, or set of incidents, arising primarily out of and in the
course and scope of employment, and is identifiable by time and place of occurrence.”
Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-102(13)(A) (2014). “An injury “arises primarily out of and in
the course and scope of employment” only if it has been shown by a preponderance of the
evidence that the employment contributed more than fifty percent (50%) in causing the
5
injury, considering all causes[.]” Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-102(13)(B) (2014).
The statutory requirements that an injury arise out of and in the course of the
employment are not synonymous “although both elements exist to ensure a work
connection to the injury for which the employee seeks benefits.” Blankenship v. Am.
Ordnance, 164 S.W.3d 350, 354 (Tenn. 2005). An injury occurs in the course of
employment if it takes place while the employee performs a duty he or she is employed to
perform. Fink v. Caudle, 856 S.W.2d 952, 958 (Tenn. 1993). Thus, the “course of
employment” requirement focuses on the time, place, and circumstances of the injury.
Saylor v. Lakeway Trucking, Inc., 181 S.W.3d 314, 318 (Tenn. 2005).
“Arising out of employment” refers to causation. Reeser v. Yellow Freight Sys.,
938 S.W.2d 690, 692 (Tenn. 1997). An injury arises out of employment when there is a
causal connection between the resulting injury and the conditions under which the work
is required to be performed. Fritts v. Safety Nat'l Cas. Corp., 163 S.W.3d 673, 678
(Tenn. 2005). Stated another way, an injury arises out of employment when it “has a
rational, causal connection to the work.” Braden v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 833 S.W.2d
496, 498 (Tenn. 1992). Except in “the most obvious, simple and routine cases,” a
workers’ compensation claimant must establish by expert medical testimony that he or
she is injured and that there exists a causal relationship between the injury and the
claimant's employment activity. Wheetley v. State, No. M2013-01707-WC-R3-WC, 2014
Tenn. LEXIS 476 (Tenn. Workers’ Comp. Panel June 25, 2014) (citing Excel Polymers,
LLC v. Broyles, 302 S.W.3d 268, 274 (Tenn. 2009); Cloyd v. Hartco Flooring Co., 274
S.W.3d 638, 643 (Tenn. 2008)).
The proof in this case shows that Mr. Harris pulled weeds outside Subway on July
20, 2015, pursuant to instruction by the owner, Mr. Patel. He tore his glove while pulling
weeds. Mr. Harris did not testify that he suffered a cut or scratch on his hands while
pulling the weeds.
The following day, Mr. Harris developed itching and swelling in his right hand.
He also testified that he noticed a knot with holes in it on his right hand.
Mr. Harris testified that there were many spiders in the store and specifically
testified to seeing one on July 21, 2015. However, he does not know whether a spider in
the store bit him, a spider bit him while he pulled weeds, or if something else happened
when he pulled weeds. He maintains steadfastly, however, that he must have
encountered the mechanism that caused his hand to swell at work, essentially because
there is no other explanation.
Meharry diagnosed him with cellulitis of the right finger after admitting him to the
hospital to treat his swollen hand. Mr. Harris, however, presented none of the medical
records from this hospital visit that would indicate what caused him to develop cellulitis.
6
Although it is not necessary for Mr. Harris to prove medical causation in order to receive
temporary medical benefits, See McCord, No. 2014-06-0063, 2015 TN Wrk. Comp. App.
Bd. LEXIS 6, at *17-19, the information contained in the records may have helped the
Court to better understand exactly what caused Mr. Harris’ hand to swell, especially in
light of his nonspecific testimony about the injury causing event. Based on the evidence
before it at this time, the Court does not find that Mr. Harris is likely to prevail at a
hearing on the merits.
IT IS, THEREFORE, ORDERED as follows:
1. Mr. Harris’ request for temporary disability and medical benefits is denied at this
time.
2. This matter is set for a Scheduling Hearing on October 13, 2015, at 11:30 a.m.
3. Unless interlocutory appeal of the Expedited Hearing Order is filed,
compliance with this Order must occur no later than seven business days
from the date of entry of this Order as required by Tennessee Code
Annotated section 50-6-239(d)(3) (2014). The Insurer or Self-Insured
Employer must submit confirmation of compliance with this Order to the
Bureau by email to WCCompliance.Program@tn.gov no later than the
seventh business day after entry of this Order. Failure to submit the
necessary confirmation within the period of compliance may result in a
penalty assessment for non-compliance.
4. For questions regarding compliance, please contact the Workers’ Compensation
Compliance Unit via email WCCompliance.Program@tn.gov or by calling (615)
253-1471 or (615) 532-1309.
ENTERED ON THIS THE 9TH DAY OF SEPTEMBER, 2015.
_____________________________________
Judge Joshua Davis Baker
Court of Workers’ Compensation Claims
Initial Hearing:
A Scheduling Hearing has been set with Judge Joshua Davis Baker, Court of
Workers’ Compensation Claims. You must call 615-532-9552 or toll free at 866-
943-0025 to participate in the Initial Hearing.
Please Note: You must call in on the scheduled date/time to
participate. Failure to call in may result in a determination of the issues without
7
your further participation. All conferences are set using Central Time (CT).
Right to Appeal:
Tennessee Law allows any party who disagrees with this Expedited Hearing Order
to appeal the decision to the Workers’ Compensation Appeals Board. To file a Notice of
Appeal, you must:
1. Complete the enclosed form entitled: “Expedited Hearing Notice of Appeal.”
2. File the completed form with the Court Clerk within seven business days of the
date the Workers’ Compensation Judge entered the Expedited Hearing Order.
3. Serve a copy of the Expedited Hearing Notice of Appeal upon the opposing party.
4. The appealing party is responsible for payment of a filing fee in the amount of
$75.00. Within ten calendar days after the filing of a notice of appeal, payment
must be received by check, money order, or credit card payment. Payments can be
made in person at any Bureau office or by United States mail, hand-delivery, or
other delivery service. In the alternative, the appealing party may file an Affidavit
of Indigency, on a form prescribed by the Bureau, seeking a waiver of the filing
fee. The Affidavit of Indigency may be filed contemporaneously with the Notice
of Appeal or must be filed within ten calendar days thereafter. The Appeals Board
will consider the Affidavit of Indigency and issue an Order granting or denying
the request for a waiver of the filing fee as soon thereafter as is
practicable. Failure to timely pay the filing fee or file the Affidavit of
Indigency in accordance with this section shall result in dismissal of the
appeal.
5. The parties, having the responsibility of ensuring a complete record on appeal,
may request, from the Court Clerk, the audio recording of the hearing for the
purpose of having a transcript prepared by a licensed court reporter and filing it
with the Court Clerk within ten calendar days of the filing of the Expedited
Hearing Notice of Appeal. Alternatively, the parties may file a joint statement of
the evidence within ten calendar days of the filing of the Expedited Hearing
Notice of Appeal. The statement of the evidence must convey a complete and
accurate account of what transpired in the Court of Workers’ Compensation
Claims and must be approved by the workers’ compensation judge before the
record is submitted to the Clerk of the Appeals Board.
6. If the appellant elects to file a position statement in support of the interlocutory
appeal, the appealing party shall file such position statement with the Court Clerk
8
within three business days of the filing of the Expedited Hearing Notice of Appeal,
specifying the issues presented for review and including any argument in support
thereof. If the appellee elects to file a response in opposition to the interlocutory
appeal, appellee shall do so within three business days of the filing of the
appellant’s position statement.
9
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that a true and correct copy of the Expedited Hearing Order was
sent to the following recipients by the following methods of service on this the _____
9th day
of September, 2015.
Name Certified First Via Fax Via Email Address
Mail Class Fax Number Email
Zechariah Harris x zach81harris@gmail.com
Brent Wilkins x bwilkins@wimberlylawson.com
Margaret Noland x mnoland@wimberlylawson.com
_____________________________________
Penny Shrum, Clerk of Court
Court of Workers’ Compensation Claims
WC.CourtClerk@tn.gov
10