"In the absence of a transcript or a statement of the evidence, we must conclusively presume that every fact admissible under the pleadings was found or should have been found favorably to the appellee."
How later courts described this case
- "In the absence of a transcript or a statement of the evidence, we must conclusively presume that every fact admissible under the pleadings was found or should have been found favorably to the appellee."
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
TENNESSEE DIVISION OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION
WORKERS’ COMPENSATION APPEALS BOARD
Employee: Gail Burnette ) Docket No. 2014-02-0020
)
Employer: K-Mart Corporation ) State File No. 75706-2014
In accordance with Rule 0800-02-22-.02(6), please find attached the Workers’
Compensation Appeals Board’s Order and Opinion Affirming and Remanding
Interlocutory Order of Court of Workers’ Compensation Claims in the referenced case.
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that a true and correct copy of the Order and Opinion Affirming and
Remanding Interlocutory Order of Court of Workers’ Compensation Claims was sent to
the following recipients by the following methods of service on this the 20th day of
January, 2015.
Name Certified First Class Via Fax Via Email Address
Mail Mail Fax Number Email
Gail Burnette X X P.O. Box 70213
Knoxville, TN 37938
C. Christopher Brown X chris.brown@leitnerfirm.com
Brian K. Addington, X Via Electronic Mail
Judge
Kenneth M. Switzer, X Via Electronic Mail
Chief Judge
Penny Shrum, Clerk, X Penny.Patterson-Shrum@tn.gov
Court of Workers’
Compensation Claims
Matthew Salyer
Clerk, Workers’ Compensation Appeals Board
220 French Landing Dr., Ste. 1-B
Nashville, TN 37243
Telephone: 615-253-1606
Electronic Mail: Matthew.Salyer@tn.gov
TENNESSEE DIVISION OF WORKERS’ COMPENSATION
WORKERS’ COMPENSATION APPEALS BOARD
FILED
Employee: Gail Burnette ) Docket No. 2014-02-0020
) .January 20,2015
Employer: K-Mart Corporation ) State File No. 75706-2014 TENNESSEE
) WORKERS ' COI\IPENSATION
APPEALS BOARD
)
Appeal from the Court of Workers' ) Time: 2:05 PI\ I
Compensation Claims )
Brian K. Addington, Judge )
Affirmed and Remanded- Filed January 20, 2015
ORDER AND OPINION AFFIRMING AND REMANDING
INTERLOCUTORY ORDER OF COURT OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION
CLAIMS
This interlocutory appeal involves an employee who claims to have injured her back
lifting boxes while unloading a truck for her employer on August 20, 2014. The
employer refused to provide benefits on the basis that the employee failed to show she
suffered a work-related injury. Following an expedited hearing, the trial court denied the
employee's request for medical and temporary disability benefits based on a finding that
the evidence was insufficient to award such benefits. The employee has appealed.
Having carefully reviewed the record, we affirm the decision of the Court of Workers'
Compensation Claims.
Judge Marshall L. Davidson, III, delivered the opinion of the Appeals Board, in which
Judge David F. Hensley joined; Judge Timothy W. Conner not participating.
Gail Burnette, Knoxville, Tennessee, employee-appellant, prose
1
C. Christopher Brown, Knoxville, Tennessee, for the employer-appellee, K-Mart
Corporation
Factual and Procedural Background
Gail Burnette ("Employee"), a resident of Union County, Tennessee, was
employed by K-Mart Corporation ("Employer") when she claims to have injured her
1
back. On October 7, 2014, Employee filed a Petition for Benefit Determination seeking
medical and temporary disability benefits. In her petition, Employee described the nature
of her work as "truck unloader" and indicated that she hurt her back on either August 20
or 21, 2014, lifting boxes while unloading a truck in Knoxville. 2 According to the trial
court's order filed on December 26, 2014, Employee began suffering back pain the first
week of August 2014, which was prior to her claimed injury, and she limited what she
would lift at work.
On August 24, 2014, Employee went to the emergency room at the University of
Tennessee Medical Center where she reported chronic back pain shooting down her legs.
According to records from that visit, Employee denied any recent injury. ACT scan of
her abdomen and pelvis was interpreted to be normal. Employee was taken off work for
two days, advised to follow-up with her primary care physician, and instructed not to lift
heavy objects until she saw her primary care physician. Employee provided this
information to her supervisor on August 26 or 27, 2014, and the supervisor informed her
that she needed to help unload a truck or go home. Employee elected to go home.
On September 2, 2014, Employee sought treatment at Cherokee Health Systems
where she saw Matthew Beason, a nurse practitioner. Mr. Beason took employee off
work that day and imposed lifting restrictions. In a letter dated December 9, 2014, Mr.
Beason indicated Employee had been under his care for a lumbar strain and could not
return to work until she saw a specialist.
On September 11, 2014, Employee returned to the University of Tennessee
Medical Center complaining that she was having trouble urinating and had back and
abdominal pain. According to records from that visit, Employee had previously been
diagnosed with kidney stones on August 24, 20 14, and she reported that her pain had not
improved.
On October 7, 2014, Employer denied Employee's claim because she failed to
demonstrate that her medical condition was work-related. Following unsuccessful
1
No transcript of the expedited hearing or statement of the evidence has been filed. Thus, we have
gleaned the factual background from the pleadings, exhibits introduced at the expedited hearing, and the
trial court's order entered after the hearing.
2
The Petition for Benefit Determination lists both August 20 and August 21, 2014, as the date of injury.
2
mediation efforts, a Dispute Certification Notice was issued and Employee sought an
expedited hearing, which was conducted on December 18, 2014. At the hearing,
Employee asserted she injured her back lifting heavy objects while unloading a truck.
She acknowledged having a history of back pain and kidney stones, but claimed that
the nature of her back pain had changed. She relied upon the note from Mr. Beason as
proof that she suffered a back strain at work and needed further evaluation. For its
part, Employer took the position that Employee failed to prove she suffered a work-
related injury. Employer maintained that the medical records revealed Employee had
chronic back pain and kidney stones unrelated to a work injury.
Foil owing the expedited hearing, the trial court ruled that Employee reported a
nonspecific injury, sought medical treatment on her own, and had kidney stones, chronic
back pain, and a lumbar strain. However, because no medical provider linked
Employee's condition to her work for Employer, the trial court denied benefits.
Employee filed a timely notice of appeal on January 2, 2015. The record on appeal was
submitted to the Appeals Board and a docketing notice was issued to the parties on
January 13, 2015. For the reasons explained below, the trial court's decision is affirmed.
Standard of Review
The standard of review to be applied by this Board in reviewing a trial court's
decision is statutorily mandated and limited in scope. Specifically, "[t]here shall be a
presumption that the findings and conclusions of the workers' compensation judge are
correct, unless the preponderance of the evidence is otherwise." Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-
6-239(c)(7) (2014). The trial court's decision must be upheld unless "the rights of the
party seeking review have been prejudiced because findings, inferences, conclusions, or
decisions of a workers' compensation judge:
(A) Violate constitutional or statutory provisions;
(B) Exceed the statutory authority of the workers' compensation judge;
(C) Do not comply with lawful procedure;
(D) Are arbitrary, capricious, characterized by abuse of discretion, or
- clearly unwarranted exercise of discretion; or
(E) Are not supported by evidence that is both substantial and material in the
light of the entire record.
Tenn. Code Ann. § 50-6-217(a)(2) (2014).
In applying this standard, courts have construed substantial and material evidence
to mean "such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept to support a rational
conclusion and such as to furnish a reasonably sound basis for the action under
consideration." Clay County Manor, Inc. v. State of Tennessee, 849 S.W.2d 755, 759
(Tenn. 1993) (quoting Southern Railway Co. v. State Bd. of Equalization, 682 S.W.2d
3
196, 199 (Tenn. 1984)). Like other courts applying the standard embodied in section 50-
6-217(a)(2), we will not disturb the decision of the trial court absent the limited
circumstances identified in the statute.
Analysis
As an initial matter, we note that Employee has chosen to proceed pro se
throughout the proceedings in the trial court and on appeal, which is her prerogative. It is
well-settled, however, that pro se litigants must comply with the same standards to which
lawyers must adhere. Watson v. City of Jackson, No. W2014-00100-COA-TlOB-CV,
2014 Tenn. App. LEXIS 72, at * 17 (Tenn. Ct. App. Feb. 13, 2014). As one court has
observed,
[p ]arties who decide to represent themselves are entitled to fair and equal
treatment by the courts. The courts should take into account that many pro
se litigants have no legal training and little familiarity with the judicial
system. However, the courts must also be mindful of the boundary between
fairness to a prose litigant and unfairness to the prose litigant's adversary.
Thus, the courts must not excuse pro se litigants from complying with the
same substantive and procedural rules that represented parties are expected
to observe.
Akard v. Akard, No. E2013-00818-COA-R3-CV, 2014 Tenn. App. LEXIS 766, at
* 11 (Tenn. Ct. App. Nov. 25, 2014) (quoting Hessmer v. Hessmer, 138 S.W.3d
901, 903 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2003)).
With the foregoing in mind, we tum to the sufficiency of the record on appeal.
Tennessee law is clear that the appealing party has the burden to ensure that an adequate
record is prepared on appeal. As explained by one court,
[t]he appellant has the duty of preparing a record that conveys a fair,
accurate and complete account of the proceedings in the trial court with
respect to the issues on appeal. We are provided with only the trial court's
findings of facts and conclusions of law rendered from the bench and the
exhibits introduced at the trial of this cause, which include three doctor's
depositions. We do not have a record of the lay testimony presented to the
trial court. In the absence of an adequate record on appeal, this Court must
presume the trial court's rulings were supported by sufficient evidence.
Vulcan Materials Co. v. Watson, No. M2003-00975-WC-R3-CV, 2004 Tenn. LEXIS
451, at *6-7 (Tenn. Workers' Comp. Panel May 19, 2004) (citation omitted). See also
Jernigan v. Hunter, No. M2013-01860-COA-R3-CV, 2014 Tenn. App. LEXIS 617, at *5
(Tenn. Ct. App. Sept. 30, 2014) ("It is the duty of the appellant to prepare a record which
4
conveys a fair, accurate, and complete account of what has transpired in the trial court
with respect to the issues that form the basis of the appeal.").
Including a transcript or statement of the evidence as part of the record on appeal
promotes meaningful appellate review and, in tum, public confidence in the integrity and
fairness of the process. As one court has observed, "[t]ull appellate consideration of a
trial court's determination ... is part of the process designed to achieve an accurate and
just decision .... " In reAdoption of JD. W, No. M2000-00151-COA-R3-CV, 2000
Tenn. App. LEXIS 546, at *12 (Tenn. Ct. App. Aug. 16, 2000). Indeed, "[w]ithout a
transcript or a statement of the evidence, the appellate court cannot know what evidence
was presented to the trial court, and there is no means by which we can evaluate the
appellant's assertion that the evidence did not support the trial court's decision." Britt v.
Chambers, No. W2006-00061-COA-R3-CV, 2007 Tenn. App. LEXIS 38, at *8 (Tenn.
Ct. App. Jan. 25, 2007). Accordingly, "it is essential that the appellate court be provided
with a transcript of the trial proceedings or a statement of the evidence .... " !d. at 7.
See also Whitesell v. Moore, No. M2011-02745-COA-R3-CV, 2012 Tenn. App. LEXIS
894, at *7 (Tenn. Ct. App. Dec. 21, 2012) ("Without a transcript or a statement of the
evidence, we cannot review the evidence ... .");Estate of Cockrill, No. M2010-00663-
COA-R3-CV, 2010 Tenn. App. LEXIS 754, at *11-12 (Tenn. Ct. App. Dec. 2, 2010)
("[W]here no transcript or statement of the evidence is filed, the appellate court is
required to presume that the record, had it been properly preserved, would have
supported the action of the trial court."); Leek v. Powell, 884 S.W.2d 118, 121 (Tenn. Ct.
App. 1996) ("In the absence of a transcript or a statement of the evidence, we must
conclusively presume that every fact admissible under the pleadings was found or should
have been found favorably to the appellee.").
In short, "[t]o the extent that resolution of the issues on appeal depend on factual
determinations, the lack of a transcript or statement of the evidence is essentially fatal to
the party having the burden on appeal." Jernigan, 2014 Tenn. App. LEXIS 617, at *6.
See also Piper v. Piper, No. M2005-02541-COA-R3-CV, 2007 Tenn. App. LEXIS 70, at
* 11 (Tenn. Ct. App. Feb. 1, 2007) ("[a]n incomplete appellate record is fatal to an
appeal"). It follows that a reviewing court "must conclusively presume that the evidence
presented supported the facts as found by the trial court." Whitesell, 2012 Tenn. App.
LEXIS 894, at* 10.
In the present case, the trial court noted that Employee was "very vague" in
describing her injury and was unable to identify with "any specificity" what she was
lifting when she purportedly hurt her back, the time she did so, or if anyone witnessed the
event. The trial court also observed that the medical records admitted into evidence
contained nothing to suggest Employee's medical condition was work-related. Thus, the
trial court concluded that the evidence was insufficient to award medical or temporary
disability benefits.
5
We have been provided with no record of any testimony taken during the
expedited hearing which, according to the trial court's order, was relied upon by the trial
court to resolve the issues. Moreover, no statement of the evidence has been filed by
either party. Thus, the totality of the evidence introduced in the trial court is unknown,
and we decline to speculate as to the nature and extent of the proof presented to the trial
court. Instead, consistent with established Tennessee law, we presume that the trial
court's rulings were supported by sufficient evidence.
Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, we hold that the evidence does not preponderate against
the trial court's decision. Further, we find that the trial court's decision does not violate
the standards set forth in Tennessee Code Annotated section 50-6-217(a)(2).
Accordingly, the trial court's decision is affirmed and the case is remanded for any
further proceedings that may be necessary.
Marshall L. Davidson, III
Presiding Judge
Workers' Compensation Appeals Board
6