The opinion
04/13/2020
IN THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT NASHVILLE
Assigned on Briefs May 15, 2019
JORREL BROWN v. STATE OF TENNESSEE
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Franklin County
No. 2017-CR-221 J. Curtis Smith, Judge
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No. M2018-01405-CCA-R3-PC
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The Petitioner, Jorrel Brown, appeals the Franklin County Circuit Court’s denial of his
petition for post-conviction relief from his three convictions of passing a forged check,
Class E felonies, and resulting effective three-year sentence. On appeal, the Petitioner
contends that he received the ineffective assistance of trial counsel and, therefore, that his
guilty pleas were not knowing and voluntary. Based upon the record and the parties’
briefs, we affirm the judgment of the post-conviction court.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Circuit Court Affirmed
NORMA MCGEE OGLE, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which CAMILLE R.
MCMULLEN and ROBERT H. MONTGOMERY, JR., JJ., joined.
Roger D. Layne, Chattanooga, Tennessee, for the appellant, Jorrel Brown.
Herbert H. Slatery III, Attorney General and Reporter; Ruth Anne Thompson, Assistant
Attorney General; James Michael Taylor, District Attorney General; and Steven M.
Blount, Assistant District Attorney General, for the appellee, State of Tennessee.
OPINION
I. Factual Background
This case relates to the Petitioner and his girlfriend, Jade Bogard, forging and
cashing three, two-hundred-dollar checks on three separate dates in October 2016. In
May 2017, the Franklin County Grand Jury indicted the Petitioner and Ms. Bogard for
forgery in counts one, three, and five; passing a forged instrument in counts two, four,
and six; and theft of property valued $1,000 or less in count seven. Copies of the checks,
which were attached to the indictment, showed that Ms. Bogard was the payee on the
check at issue in counts one and two and that the Petitioner was the payee on the two
checks at issue in counts three through six. The payor, who allegedly signed the checks,
was Robert Bogard, Ms. Bogard’s father.
On July 27, 2017, the Petitioner pled guilty to passing a forged instrument, a Class
E felony, in counts two, four, and six. At the plea hearing, the State gave the following
factual account of the crimes:
Your Honor, we believe the proof would show that back during the
time frame set out in the indictment, the check owners discovered the
checks were coming in. That they believed that they had nothing to do with
passing those. They called law enforcement and began investigation. Bank
personnel was then called. We believe that we could show through video
and still images from the banks that Mr. Brown and the co-defendant in this
matter were in fact involved in passing those checks.
Pursuant to the plea agreement, the trial court sentenced the Petitioner as a Range II,
multiple offender to three years for each count and ordered that the sentences be served
concurrently with each other but consecutively to a previous sentence. The remaining
counts were dismissed.
In December 2017, the Petitioner filed a timely pro se petition for post-conviction
relief in which he alleged, in pertinent part, that his guilty pleas were involuntary because
trial counsel “induced” him to plead guilty “to a crime he did not commit.” Specifically,
the Petitioner asserted that he was innocent of the conviction in count two because Ms.
Bogard forged, signed, and cashed that particular check. The Petitioner also alleged in
the pro se petition that he received the ineffective assistance of trial counsel because trial
counsel failed to investigate his case properly and failed to make a thorough examination
of the discovery. The post-conviction court appointed counsel, and post-conviction
counsel filed an amended petition. In the amended petition, the Petitioner alleged that
trial counsel was ineffective because she failed to investigate his case adequately and
present an alternative theory of the case and that she convinced him to plead guilty by
advising him that he would receive an eighteen-year sentence if he went to trial. The
Petitioner also alleged in the amended petition that as a result of trial counsel’s
ineffectiveness, his guilty pleas were not knowing, intelligent, and voluntary.
At the evidentiary hearing, trial counsel testified that she entered the private
practice of law in 2001 and that she went to work for the public defender’s office in 2011.
At the time she was appointed to represent the Petitioner for these offenses, she already
was representing him in general sessions court for separate offenses. In May 2017, trial
counsel met with the Petitioner in jail and discussed the checks. The State made a plea
offer, but trial counsel did not have complete discovery at that time. Specifically, trial
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counsel had “all the discovery except for the videos.” The discovery included
photographs that had been taken at one of the banks where the Petitioner and Ms. Bogard
were present.
Trial counsel testified that the Petitioner was charged with Class E felonies and
was facing a sentence of four to six years for each conviction. He also was on parole for
a six-year sentence with two years left to serve when he and Ms. Bogard committed the
offenses and, therefore, was facing a parole violation. Trial counsel received a notice of
enhanced punishment from the State and reviewed it with the Petitioner. She also
reviewed the discovery materials with him, including copies of the three forged checks
and the photographs. The checks belonged to Ms. Bogard’s father, and trial counsel and
the Petitioner discussed possible defenses. Trial counsel did not speak with Bruce Elliott,
the investigating officer in the case, but his report was in the discovery materials. Trial
counsel said that in June 2017, the Petitioner was found to have violated his parole and
was transferred to the Tennessee Department of Correction. Trial counsel met with him
in prison on July 14, 2017. Trial counsel and the Petitioner discussed the Petitioner’s
trial at their meetings in May and July.
Trial counsel testified that the State’s first plea offer would have allowed the
Petitioner to plead guilty to three counts of forgery in exchange for concurrent five-year
sentences to be served consecutively to his previous six-year sentence. However, the
Petitioner “was definitely thinking about going to trial” and did not accept the offer. At
some point, the State offered to let the Petitioner plead guilty to three counts of forgery in
exchange for concurrent three-year sentences to be served consecutively to the previous
six-year sentence. Trial counsel told the Petitioner about the offer when she met with
him in prison, but he was “still leaning” on going to trial. Trial counsel said the
Petitioner did not want to plead guilty to forgery because he “didn’t actually sign the
document.” However, he “acknowledged he was there.” Trial counsel said she and the
Petitioner discussed “the defenses, the possibilities of going to trial, particularly on the
issue of the one that was signed [by] Jade Bogard.” They also discussed “the possibilities
[of] being able to win that” and the “pros and cons” of going to trial. Trial counsel asked
the Petitioner if Ms. Bogard’s father wrote any checks to the Petitioner, and the Petitioner
said he did not know. Trial counsel told the Petitioner that “that might be difficult if you
can’t really explain why this gentleman wrote you a check.” The Petitioner never told
trial counsel, “I didn’t do this.” Regarding one of the checks, though, he told her,
“[T]hat’s not mine.”
Trial counsel testified that the Petitioner was scheduled to appear in court on July
27, 2017, and that she expected his case to be set for trial. On July 27, trial counsel met
with the Petitioner in the back of the courtroom. She asked the district attorney if the
Petitioner could plead guilty to passing a forged instrument instead of forgery, and the
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district attorney agreed. Trial counsel told the Petitioner about the State’s new offer, and
he decided to accept it. Trial counsel told the Petitioner “the first time” they met that if
he went to trial and were convicted of all three offenses, he could be sentenced to
eighteen years. Post-conviction counsel asked if trial counsel ever told the Petitioner that
he definitely would receive an eighteen-year sentence, and she answered, “No. I don’t
ever say you’re going to get this, because I don’t know.” Trial counsel reviewed the plea
“sheet” with the Petitioner, and he pled guilty that same day. The Petitioner qualified as
a career offender but was sentenced as a Range II, multiple offender. Trial counsel said,
“I don’t think he was happy about [pleading guilty]. I felt like he just decided it was the
best thing to do under the circumstances.”
On cross-examination, trial counsel testified that the Petitioner “wasn’t adamant”
about going to trial when she talked with him about his case, and she acknowledged that
he was “waffling back and forth.” The Petitioner did not seem confused about the
charges and did not seem confused about the two checks made payable to him, which he
endorsed on the back. The third check was made payable to Ms. Bogard, and she
endorsed the back of that check. Trial counsel said that the third check was “a point of
contention” for the Petitioner and that they discussed the possibility he “might beat that at
trial.” However, even if the jury acquitted him of forging the third check, he was still
facing a possible twelve-year sentence if convicted of forging the other two checks. The
Petitioner had prior convictions, and trial counsel told him that his prior history could
affect her ability to have him testify at trial.
Trial counsel testified that while the Petitioner’s case was pending in circuit court,
a misdemeanor charge for harassment was pending against him in general sessions court.
He also was on supervised probation for a misdemeanor conviction in general sessions
court, and a probation violation report had been filed due to the charges in this case.
Trial counsel talked with the district attorney’s office about the pending misdemeanor
charge and the pending probation violation. The district attorney’s office agreed to
dismiss the misdemeanor charge and allow the Petitioner to serve his sentence of eleven
months, twenty-nine days for the probation violation concurrently with his effective
three-year sentence in this case. On redirect examination, trial counsel testified that she
did not remember if she gave a copy of discovery to the Petitioner.
Investigator Bruce Elliott of the Decherd Police Department testified that he
became involved in the Petitioner’s case when Robert Bogard filed a police report about
some forged checks. Mr. Bogard gave Investigator Elliott “some initial people to look
at,” and Investigator Elliott obtained security video from the banks involved. Investigator
Elliott watched the video, which showed the Appellant and Ms. Bogard appearing to cash
Mr. Bogard’s checks, and he decided to charge both of them. The Appellant did not want
to give a formal statement to Investigator Elliott; however, he spoke with Investigator
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Elliott one time on the telephone and “came by the office once for a few minutes.” The
Appellant “basically said that he wasn’t aware that those checks were stolen. They had
borrowed money in the past from Mr. Bogard, so he assumed it was the same thing, and
he just went and cashed them.” Investigator Elliott never spoke with trial counsel.
On cross-examination, Investigator Elliott testified that he spoke with Ms. Bogard
and that she acknowledged her involvement in forging and passing the checks.
Investigator Elliott said, “Her statement was that he had as much to do with it as she did.”
The thirty-six-year-old Petitioner testified that he completed the eighth or ninth
grade and did not obtain his GED. He acknowledged that he pled guilty to the charges
but said that he did not know the checks were forged. He explained as follows:
Well, the reason why I pleaded guilty at the time, when they came to me
with the offers, we went to court, and she came to me with the offers and
stuff, one offer was five years. Then she come back and it was three
consecutive ones[.] . . . She had come back with three consecutive ones,
and you know, I didn’t really understand why it went from, you know, five
to three, and you know, stuff like that, but we never -- we didn’t really
completely discuss everything all the time. I heard some of what she said.
I understood some of what she said, but some of it I didn’t.
The Petitioner was on parole when he cashed the checks, and his parole was revoked due
to the charges.
The Petitioner testified that he met with trial counsel one time in jail for
approximately five minutes and that he met with her one time in prison. The Petitioner
said that he did not receive the discovery until the morning he signed his plea agreement
and that he “didn’t have time to even look at it and see what was in it.” The Petitioner
and Ms. Bogard had borrowed money from Mr. Bogard previously to pay bills, and Mr.
Bogard wrote them a check for $700. The Petitioner thought the three checks at issue
were “checks just like they had been wrote before.” Post-conviction counsel asked if Mr.
Bogard “hand[ed]” any of the checks to the Petitioner, and the Petitioner responded, “No,
‘cause I wasn’t allowed to come to his house. At the time I wasn’t allowed to come to his
house. I just went there with her, I [sat] in the car, and then she came back out to the car,
and the check was already written in my name.” The Petitioner thought Mr. Bogard was
helping him and Ms. Bogard pay more bills, and he thought he could trust Ms. Bogard.
The Petitioner testified that trial counsel met with him in prison in July 2017.
Trial counsel asked him about the checks, and he told her that he did not remember three
checks being involved. They discussed Ms. Bogard, and trial counsel told him that if he
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proceeded to trial, he would be sentenced to eighteen years. The Petitioner told trial
counsel that he would rather go to trial “and see what’s going to happen.” The Petitioner
told trial counsel several times that he did not know the checks were forged, but trial
counsel told him that he “would get” eighteen years if he went to trial. Trial counsel’s
statement convinced the Petitioner to accept the State’s three-year plea offer. The
Petitioner did not want to plead guilty because he did not think he had done anything
wrong. The Petitioner reiterated, “I wouldn’t have pled if she hadn’t told me I was going
to get 18 years. That’s a lot of time for something so small.”
The Petitioner testified that on the morning of his guilty pleas, trial counsel told
him that he was going to plead guilty to “three consecutive ones at thirty percent.” She
later told him that he was going to plead to “three threes [concurrent] at 35 percent.” The
Petitioner did not understand what she was telling him. During the plea hearing, he stood
beside trial counsel at the podium. When he tried to ask her a question, she told him,
“[D]o you want me to just stop this, and you just go ahead and go to trial and get 18
years[?]” The Petitioner told her, “[N]o, I was just going to ask you something.”
On cross-examination, the Petitioner testified that trial counsel told him that three
checks were involved and that the State had photographs and video of him passing two of
the checks. The Petitioner did not know until after he pled guilty that the check at issue
in count two did not have his name on it. The Petitioner denied that he and trial counsel
discussed a possible defense to count two. He said that if he had seen the check related to
count two before he pled guilty, he would have “protested it.”
The Petitioner testified that he did not learn that the three checks had been stolen
until he was charged with the offenses. The Petitioner said he did not have much
experience with the court system but acknowledged having seven prior felony
convictions. He said that he had never had a jury trial but that he knew “[a] little” about
plea negotiations from prior guilty pleas.
The Petitioner acknowledged that during his plea hearing, the trial court advised
him that he was waiving his right to a jury trial. The trial court asked him whether it was
his decision to plead guilty. Before responding, the Petitioner tried to ask trial counsel a
question. Trial counsel told him that he would receive an eighteen-year sentence, so he
thought he had to accept the State’s plea offer. The Petitioner acknowledged that he
understood the charges against him but said that he did not know Ms. Bogard wrote the
checks. He also acknowledged that in exchange for his guilty pleas, the State dismissed
the charge pending against him in general session court and “resolved” his probation
violation so that he did not have to spend any additional time in confinement.
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Kandi Nunley testified for the State that she began practicing law in 2007 and was
an assistant public defender. One of Nunley’s colleagues served as the Petitioner’s trial
counsel. Nunley said that on July 14, 2017, she accompanied trial counsel to Bledsoe
Correctional Complex “to meet with Mr. Brown, to go over his discovery, to talk about
his offer and what his options were.” Nunley was present for the entire meeting.
Nunley acknowledged that the Petitioner’s case involved three checks. Trial
counsel and the Petitioner discussed the fact that two of the checks were made payable to
the Petitioner, that he appeared to have endorsed the two checks, and that the third check
was made payable to Ms. Bogard. The Petitioner understood that the State’s video
covered only the two checks made payable to him but that he was charged with crimes
involving all three checks. Trial counsel and the Petitioner talked about trial strategy,
including a defense to one of the checks, and the Petitioner told trial counsel about “prior
interactions” with Mr. Bogard.
The State asked Nunley if trial counsel told the Petitioner that he was going to
receive an eighteen-year sentence. Nunley answered, “I don’t believe so. I believe it was
you could get up to 18 years at 60 percent, because of the career offender status if the
judge chose to stack.” She acknowledged that assistant public defenders were trained to
tell defendants about the “worst case scenario” if convicted at trial and that trial counsel
did so in this case. The Petitioner did not seem confused about the State’s plea offer but
“was not happy with the offer.” Nunley said that when she and trial counsel left the
meeting, she thought the Petitioner was not going to accept a plea offer and was going to
trial. She did not remember if she was present at the Petitioner’s guilty plea hearing.
On cross-examination, Nunley testified that she did not think trial counsel gave the
Petitioner a copy of his discovery at the meeting because “Bledsoe does not allow it.” On
redirect examination, she acknowledged that having a defendant change his or her mind
about going to trial and decide to accept a plea offer was not unusual.
In a written order, the post-conviction court denied the petition for post-conviction
relief. The post-conviction court found that trial counsel “was fully aware of the
allegations in all counts of this case, was fully aware of the ‘discovery’ materials in this
case, was fully aware of a co-defendant being involved in the case, and was fully aware
of the connection between the defendant and co-defendant.” The post-conviction court
found that trial counsel discussed the State’s plea offer with the Petitioner and “the
possible ramifications of proceeding to trial,” which included the possibility of an
eighteen-year sentence as a career offender. The post-conviction court referred to the
guilty plea hearing transcript and held that the trial court’s colloquy with the Petitioner
complied with Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238 (1969), and State v. Mackey, 553
S.W.2d 337 (Tenn. 1997), and that the Petitioner made a voluntary and informed decision
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to plead guilty. Specifically, the trial court noted that the Petitioner stated during the
hearing that he understood the charges and potential punishments, that he and trial
counsel had discussed the charges, that trial counsel had discussed the guilty plea
agreement with him, that he was satisfied with trial counsel’s representation, that he had
not been pressured to plead guilty, and that he was pleading guilty because he was guilty.
Accordingly, the post-conviction court held that the Petitioner pled guilty knowingly and
voluntarily and that he failed to show he received the ineffective assistance of counsel.
II. Analysis
On appeal the Petitioner contends that he received the ineffective assistance of
counsel because trial counsel failed to investigate his case adequately, failed to present an
alternative theory of the case, and told him that he would receive an eighteen-year
sentence if he went to trial. The Petitioner also contends that as a result of trial counsel’s
ineffectiveness, his guilty pleas were not knowing and voluntary. The State responds that
the Petitioner failed to show that trial counsel was ineffective or that the Petitioner’s
guilty pleas were unknowing and involuntary. We agree with the State.
To be successful in a claim for post-conviction relief, a petitioner must prove the
factual allegations contained in the post-conviction petition by clear and convincing
evidence. See Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-30-110(f). “‘Clear and convincing evidence means
evidence in which there is no serious or substantial doubt about the correctness of the
conclusions drawn from the evidence.’” State v. Holder, 15 S.W.3d 905, 911 (Tenn.
Crim. App. 1999) (quoting Hodges v. S.C. Toof & Co., 833 S.W.2d 896, 901 n.3 (Tenn.
1992)). Issues regarding the credibility of witnesses, the weight and value to be accorded
their testimony, and the factual questions raised by the evidence adduced at trial are to be
resolved by the post-conviction court as the trier of fact. See Henley v. State, 960
S.W.2d 572, 579 (Tenn. 1997). Therefore, the post-conviction court’s findings of fact are
entitled to substantial deference on appeal unless the evidence preponderates against
those findings. See Fields v. State, 40 S.W.3d 450, 458 (Tenn. 2001).
A claim of ineffective assistance of counsel is a mixed question of law and fact.
See State v. Burns, 6 S.W.3d 453, 461 (Tenn. 1999). We will review the post-conviction
court’s findings of fact de novo with a presumption that those findings are correct. See
Fields, 40 S.W.3d at 458. However, we will review the post-conviction court’s
conclusions of law purely de novo. Id.
When a petitioner seeks post-conviction relief on the basis of ineffective
assistance of counsel, “the petitioner bears the burden of proving both that counsel’s
performance was deficient and that the deficiency prejudiced the defense.” Goad v.
State, 938 S.W.2d 363, 369 (Tenn. 1996) (citing Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668,
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687 (1984)). To establish deficient performance, the petitioner must show that counsel’s
performance was below “the range of competence demanded of attorneys in criminal
cases.” Baxter v. Rose, 523 S.W.2d 930, 936 (Tenn. 1975). To establish prejudice, the
petitioner must show that “there is a reasonable probability that, but for counsel’s
unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different. A
reasonable probability is a probability sufficient to undermine confidence in the
outcome.” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 694. Further,
[b]ecause a petitioner must establish both prongs of the test, a
failure to prove either deficiency or prejudice provides a
sufficient basis to deny relief on the ineffective assistance
claim. Indeed, a court need not address the components in
any particular order or even address both if the [petitioner]
makes an insufficient showing of one component.
Goad, 938 S.W.2d at 370 (citing Strickland, 466 U.S. at 697). Moreover, in the context
of a guilty plea, “the petitioner must show ‘prejudice’ by demonstrating that, but for
counsel’s errors, he would not have pleaded guilty but would have insisted upon going to
trial.” Hicks v. State, 983 S.W.2d 240, 246 (Tenn. Crim. App. 1998); see also Hill v.
Lockhart, 474 U.S. 52, 59 (1985).
When a defendant enters a guilty plea, certain constitutional rights are waived,
including the privilege against self-incrimination, the right to confront witnesses, and the
right to a trial by jury. Boykin, 395 U.S. at 243. Therefore, in order to comply with
constitutional requirements a guilty plea must be a “voluntary and intelligent choice
among the alternative courses of action open to the defendant.” North Carolina v. Alford,
400 U.S. 25, 31 (1970). In order to ensure that a defendant understands the constitutional
rights being relinquished, the trial court must advise the defendant of the consequences of
a guilty plea and determine whether the defendant understands those consequences.
Boykin, 395 U.S. at 244.
In determining whether the petitioner’s guilty pleas were knowing and voluntary,
this court looks to the following factors:
the relative intelligence of the defendant; the degree of his
familiarity with criminal proceedings; whether he was
represented by competent counsel and had the opportunity to
confer with counsel about the options available to him; the
extent of advice from counsel and the court concerning the
charges against him; and the reasons for his decision to plead
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guilty, including a desire to avoid a greater penalty that might
result from a jury trial.
Blankenship v. State, 858 S.W.2d 897, 904 (Tenn. 1993).
Initially, we note that the State argues the Petitioner has waived his post-
conviction claims regarding his convictions in counts four and six because “his petition
focused solely on his claims regarding count two of the indictment.” We disagree with
the State. Although the Petitioner’s pro se and amended petitions specifically addressed
his conviction in count two, the petitions and post-conviction counsel’s argument at the
evidentiary hearing demonstrate that the Petitioner was challenging all three of his
convictions. Therefore, we conclude that the issue has not been waived.
As to the Petitioner’s claim that he received the ineffective assistance of counsel,
trial counsel testified at the evidentiary hearing that the Petitioner knew the charges
involved three checks, that the State had photograph and video evidence for only two of
the checks, and that she and the Petitioner discussed a possible defense for the third
check. Although the Petitioner testified that he did not see the discovery until the day of
his pleas, trial counsel and Kandi Nunley testified that trial counsel reviewed the
discovery materials with the Petitioner, discussed the problems with the evidence against
him, and discussed all options. Trial counsel also stated at the hearing that she told the
Petitioner he was facing an eighteen-year sentence if convicted but that she did not tell
him that he definitely would receive an eighteen-year sentence. Trial counsel told the
Petitioner about an effective five-year plea offer from the State, but the Petitioner wanted
to go to trial at that time. She later told the Petitioner about an effective three-year offer.
Both offers required guilty pleas to three counts of forgery, but the Petitioner rejected
them. However, when the State agreed to allow him to plead guilty to three counts of
passing a forged instrument instead of forgery, he immediately decided to accept the
State’s offer. Trial counsel testified that she explained the plea agreement to the
Petitioner, and the post-conviction court in its findings implicitly accredited trial
counsel’s testimony. Accordingly, we conclude that the record supports the post-
conviction court’s ruling that the Petitioner has failed to demonstrate trial counsel was
ineffective.
Regarding the Petitioner’s claim that his pleas were not knowing and voluntary,
our review of the plea hearing transcript reveals that after the State advised the trial court
about the terms of the Petitioner’s plea agreement, the trial court asked the Petitioner if he
had any questions. The Petitioner asked the trial court if he were going to receive credit
for the time he had been in jail since May 8. The State responded, “Your Honor, he’s
actually serving a parole violation. I can’t give him credit. In fact, we have to run this
sentence consecutive, because this occurred while he was on parole.” The trial court
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asked the Petitioner if he had any other questions for his attorney, and the Petitioner said
no. The trial court advised the Petitioner about his rights to a jury trial, to confront the
State’s witnesses, and to remain silent. The trial court asked the Petitioner if he had
discussed his case with his attorney and if he was satisfied with his attorney’s
representation. The Petitioner answered both questions affirmatively. At that point, the
trial court was advised that the Petitioner had a question for his attorney, which he was
allowed to ask. The trial court asked the Petitioner if anyone was forcing him to plead
guilty and if he had been promised anything other than what was included in his plea
agreement, and the Petitioner answered both questions in the negative. Finally, the trial
court asked the Petitioner if trial counsel had read or explained his plea agreement forms
to him, if he had signed the forms, and if he were guilty of the offenses, and the Petitioner
answered yes to each question. The Petitioner never expressed any concern about trial
counsel’s representation or that he was pleading guilty to three counts of passing a forged
instrument in exchange for an effective three-year sentence. We note that the Petitioner
was facing a substantially greater punishment if convicted of even two of the offenses at
trial. Thus, we conclude that the post-conviction court did not err by ruling that the
Petitioner’s guilty pleas were knowing and voluntary.
III. Conclusion
Based upon the record and the parties’ briefs, we affirm the post-conviction
court’s denial of the petition for post-conviction relief.
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NORMA MCGEE OGLE, JUDGE
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