‘The trial court noted that [a]ppellant failed to serve on the trial court judge both his notice of appeal and statement of errors complained of on appeal[.]’
How later courts described this case
- ‘The trial court noted that [a]ppellant failed to serve on the trial court judge both his notice of appeal and statement of errors complained of on appeal[.]’
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Benjamin Mojica, :
Appellant :
:
v. :
:
SCI-Mahanoy Security and RHU :
Officers, i.e., Security Cpt. Sober, :
Security Lt. Clark, Security Sgt. Malick :
(now Lt.), Security Coll Brobst :
(now Sgt.), Security Coll Delacruz, :
Acting Security Coll Umholtz, Security :
Coll Jane and/or John Doe, Restricted :
Housing Unit (RHU) Lt. Wall, RHU :
Sgt. Malick, RHU Coll John Doe, :
Secretary Pennsylvania Department : No. 1087 C.D. 2018
of Corrections, John Wetzel : Submitted: September 27, 2019
BEFORE: HONORABLE P. KEVIN BROBSON, Judge
HONORABLE ANNE E. COVEY, Judge
HONORABLE CHRISTINE FIZZANO CANNON, Judge
OPINION BY
JUDGE COVEY1 FILED: January 3, 2020
Benjamin Mojica (Mojica) appeals from the Schuylkill County Common
Pleas Court’s (trial court) June 29, 2018 order denying Mojica’s petition to proceed in
forma pauperis (Petition) and dismissing Mojica’s complaint (Complaint) as
frivolous pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of Civil Procedure No. (Civil Rule) 240(j).
After review, we remand to the trial court.
Mojica is an inmate at the State Correctional Institution at Mahanoy
(SCI-Mahanoy). On April 23, 2018, Mojica filed his Petition with the trial court
seeking leave to proceed in forma pauperis due to his current financial condition.
Attached to the Petition was a copy of his Complaint, wherein he sought an award of
1
This matter was reassigned to the author on November 25, 2019.
monetary damages against several security and restricted housing unit (RHU) officers
and other employees at SCI-Mahanoy and the Department of Corrections Secretary
John Wetzel (collectively, DOC). Therein, Mojica alleged that after DOC placed
him in the RHU for 30 days following a failed drug test, DOC negligently handled his
personal property by, inter alia: (1) removing his personal property from his general
population cell without him being present; (2) failing to complete an inmate personal
property inventory form at the time they removed his personal property; (3) failing to
provide him with his non-contraband personal property during his 30-day stay in the
RHU; and (4) failing to return some of his personal property at the time he was
released from the RHU and returned to the general population, including, but not
limited to, basic household items, food items, personal hygiene items, magazines, and
legal papers associated with the criminal case for which he is incarcerated.
On June 29, 2018, the trial court denied Mojica’s Petition and dismissed
the Complaint pursuant to Civil Rule 240(j). The trial court concluded: “The
Complaint sets forth an intentional tort for which [DOC is] entitled to sovereign
immunity. Also, [Mojica] fails to aver that the grievance process has been pursued to
final [o]rder.” Trial Ct. Order at 1. Mojica appealed to this Court.2 By July 24, 2018
order (Rule 1925(b) Order), the trial court directed Mojica to file a Statement of
Matters Complained of on Appeal pursuant to Pennsylvania Rule of Appellate
Procedure (Rule) 1925(b) (Rule 1925(b) Statement). Therein, the trial court stated:
“Failure to comply with this directive may be considered by the appellate court as a
waiver of all objections to the order, ruling, or other matter complained of.” Rule
1925(b) Order at 1 (emphasis added).
2
“Our scope of review is limited to determining whether constitutional rights have been
violated, whether the trial court abused its discretion, or whether the trial court committed an error
of law.” Lichtman v. Glazer, 111 A.3d 1225, 1227 n.4 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2015).
2
On August 3, 2018, Mojica timely filed his Rule 1925(b) Statement with
the trial court Prothonotary. On August 22, 2019, Mojica filed an Application for
Relief Seeking to Modify the Record (Application) with this Court, requesting
inclusion of a document which Mojica claims establishes he served the trial court
judge with his Rule 1925(b) Statement, even though he did not include the trial court
judge on the proof of service. On November 28, 2018, the trial court issued its
opinion pursuant to Rule 1925(a) (Rule 1925(a) Opinion), wherein the trial court
recognized it had erred in dismissing Mojica’s Complaint because, “upon further
review of the Complaint[,] it is clear that the Complaint is couched as [a] negligent
tort seeking compensation for personal property not returned to [Mojica]” following
his 30-day RHU stay. Trial Ct. Op. at 2, 4. Therefore, the trial court recommended
that the matter be remanded to the trial court for further consideration.
DOC argues that Mojica’s appeal should be quashed because Mojica
failed to serve his Rule 1925(b) Statement on the trial court judge.
Initially,
this Court, in Egan v. Stroudsburg School District, 928
A.2d 400 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2007), specifically concluded, at
the request of the court of common pleas, that an
appellant had waived all issues on appeal as a result of the
appellant’s failure to serve a copy of her Rule 1925(b)
[S]tatement on the trial court judge even though a Rule
1925(b) [S]tatement had been filed of record with the trial
court. As a result, we entered an order quashing the appeal.
While these cases did not involve the [] amended Rule
1925(b), the cases demonstrate the Supreme Court’s
commitment to a bright-line rule of waiver for failure to
comply with the requirements of Rule 1925. Applying that
guidance, this Court previously concluded that failure to
serve a 1925(b) [S]tatement on the trial court judge
constitutes a fatal defect which shall result in the issues
being waived and the appeal being quashed. Such a
determination is consistent with the prior language of Rule
1925 and the [] amended Rule 1925, the latter of which
3
requires appellants ‘to file of record in the trial court and
serve on the judge a concise statement of the errors
complained of on appeal.’ Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) (emphasis
added). Furthermore, the language of the amended Rule
1925 reveals that failure to comply with the filing or
service requirements continues to result in waiver given
that the trial court judge’s order must inform appellants
that ‘any issue not properly included in the [Rule
1925(b)] [S]tatement timely filed and served’ shall be
deemed waived. Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) (emphasis added).
Commonwealth v. $766.00 U.S. Currency, 948 A.2d 912, 915-16 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2008)
(emphasis added).
Importantly, Rule 1925(b) gives the trial court judge discretion to order a
Statement of Errors Complained of on Appeal “if the judge giving rise to the notice
of appeal ([trial court judge]) desires clarification of the errors complained of on
appeal,” in order to file its Rule 1925(a) opinion. Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b) (emphasis
added). Here, the trial court filed its Rule 1925(a) Opinion, after the filing of the
Rule 1925(b) Statement, and requested a remand so it could correct its error. The
trial court did not mention the Rule 1925(b) Statement or Mojica’s failure to serve the
Rule 1925(b) Statement on the trial court judge. Rather, DOC raised the issue and
this Court remanded the matter to the trial court.3
3
As explained by the Pennsylvania Superior Court:
[The Pennsylvania Superior Court] ha[s] not found any case involving
this scenario; instead, the cases involve the trial court raising the
issue in the [Rule] 1925(a) opinion. Berg v. Nationwide Mut. Ins.
Co., Inc., . . . 6 A.3d 1002, 1004 ([Pa.] 2010) (plurality) (‘[The trial
judge] stated that he had not been served with [a]ppellants’ [Rule]
1925(b) Statement, and concluded that, as a result, all of [a]ppellants’
issues on appeal were waived[.]’); Commonwealth v. $766.00 U.S.
Currency, 948 A.2d 912, 914 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2008) (‘The trial court
noted that [a]ppellant failed to serve on the trial court judge both his
notice of appeal and statement of errors complained of on appeal[.]’);
Forest Highlands Cmty. Ass’n v. Hammer, 879 A.2d 223, 228 (Pa.
Super. 2005) (quoting trial court opinion, ‘To date, this [c]ourt has
never been served with a copy of a Rule 1925(b) Statement[.]’).
4
Specifically, by July 11, 2019 order, this Court remanded the matter to
the trial court pursuant to Rule 1925(c)(1) (relating to the timely filing/service of a
Rule 1925(b) Statement) for a determination as to whether Mojica served his Rule
1925(b) Statement on the trial court. On August 12, 2019, the trial court issued an
opinion, wherein it stated: “This court[’]s review of our office record indicates that
we were not directly served by [Mojica] with [Mojica’s] [Rule 1925(b)] Statement.
However, this judge did timely review the original [Rule 1925(b) Statement] which
[was] timely filed with the Schuylkill County Prothonotary on August 3, 2018 as
provided by our Prothonotary.”4 Rule 1925(c)(1) Op. at 1.
Significantly, the trial court’s Rule 1925(b) Order expressly provided, in
relevant part:
[Mojica] is hereby directed to file of record with the
Prothonotary of Schuylkill County and to serve on the
undersigned member of this [c]ourt a concise statement of
the matters complained of on appeal . . . . Failure to
comply with this directive may be considered by the
appellate court as a waiver of all objections to the order,
ruling, or other matter complained of.
Rule 1925(b) Order at 1 (bold and italic emphasis added). Rule 1925(b)(3) expressly
provides: “The judge’s order directing the filing and service of a [Rule 1925(b)]
Statement shall specify: . . . (iv) that any issue not properly included in the
Statement timely filed and served pursuant to subdivision (b) shall be deemed
waived.” Pa.R.A.P. 1925(b)(3) (bold and italic emphasis added).
The Pennsylvania Supreme Court has instructed: “[I]n determining
whether an appellant has waived his issues on appeal based on non-compliance with
[Rule] 1925, it is the trial court’s order that triggers an appellant’s obligation under
Commonwealth v. Jones, 193 A.3d 957, 960-61 (Pa. Super. 2018) (emphasis added).
4
Mojica maintains that he served his Rule 1925(b) Statement on the trial court. Given
Mojica’s contention and the trial court’s statement, it is quite possible that Mojica indirectly served
the trial court judge.
5
the rule, and, therefore, we look first to the language of that order.” Berg v.
Nationwide Mut. Ins. Co., Inc., 6 A.3d 1002, 1007-8 (Pa. 2010). The Berg Court
warned:
While we conclude that the specific facts of this case
compel a departure from the strict application of waiver
contemplated by Rule 1925(b), we note that the case sub
judice illustrates the importance of the trial court’s
adherence to the requirements set forth in [Rule]
1925(b)(3). Although the amendments to Rule 1925(b)
were intended, in part, to address the concerns of the bar
raised by cases in which courts found waiver because a
Rule 1925(b) [S]tatement was either too vague or so
repetitive or voluminous that it did not enable the judge to
focus on the issues likely to be raised on appeal, see [Rule]
1925 Comment, compliance by all participants, including
the trial court, is required if the amendments and the
rule are to serve their purpose.
Id. at at 1012 (bold emphasis added).
In Commonwealth v. Matsinger, 68 A.3d 390 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2013), this
Court held:
Although [appellant] may not have directly served the trial
court judge in accordance with [Rule] 1925(b)(1), his note
requesting that his 1925(b) Statement be forwarded to the
trial judge clearly demonstrates that he attempted to
effectuate service on the trial judge. Given the trial court’s
non-compliance with [Rule] 1925(b)(3)(iii), [appellant’s]
timely filing of his [Rule] 1925(b) Statement with the trial
court, his inability to personally serve the document due to
his incarceration, and his explicit written request that the
Appeals Unit forward the document to the trial judge, we
conclude [appellant] substantially complied with the trial
court’s directive. ‘Under these circumstances, where the
trial court’s order is inconsistent with the requirements
of Rule 1925(b)(3)(iii), we hold that the waiver
provisions of subsection (b)(4)(vii) do not apply.’ Berg, .
. . 6 A.3d at 1012.
6
Matsinger, 68 A.3d at 395. Similarly, when appellant failed to serve the trial court
judge in Commonwealth v. Jones, 193 A.3d 957 (Pa. Super. 2018), the Jones Court
ruled: “We decline to find waiver due to the Commonwealth’s potential
noncompliance, because the trial court’s Rule 1925(b) order itself is deficient.”5
Jones, 193 A.2d at 961.
Here, the trial court’s use of the word may, rather than shall, did not
sufficiently direct Mojica as to the consequences of his failure to comply. In
addition, the trial court in its opinion expressly acknowledged that it “timely
reviewed” the Rule 1925(b) Statement, and it did not request waiver based on
Mojica’s non-compliance, i.e., failure to serve the trial court judge, but rather,
requested this Court to remand the matter to the trial court for further consideration.
Rule 1925(c)(1) Op. at 1. Quashing the instant appeal after the trial court specifically
requested remand to correct its own error would be distorting a Rule that was
established to aid the trial court, into a Rule preventing the trial court from correcting
its own errors, which the trial court’s request for remand was clearly intended to do.
Enforcing the waiver rule under these circumstances would be a miscarriage of
justice. Accordingly, because the trial court’s 1925(b) Order is inconsistent with the
requirements of Rule 1925(b)(3)(iv), and the trial court has requested a remand, we
hold that the waiver provisions of Rule 1925(b)(4)(vii) do not apply herein.6
5
One of the deficiencies was the trial court’s use of the word may, rather than shall. See
Jones, 193 A.3d 957, 962-63 (“Therefore, the Commonwealth’s obligations were unclear, and it
was informed that waiver ‘may’ result.”).
6
Because the trial court did not address any of the issues in Mojica’s Rule 1925(b)
Statement and we are remanding for the trial court’s further consideration, Mojica’s issues are no
longer ripe for this Court’s review.
7
For all of the above reasons, the trial court’s order is vacated and, in
accordance with the trial court’s request, this case is remanded to the trial court.7
___________________________
ANNE E. COVEY, Judge
Judge Brobson concurs in the result only.
7
Given the Court’s disposition of this matter, Mojica’s Application is denied as moot.
8
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Benjamin Mojica, :
Appellant :
:
v. :
:
SCI-Mahanoy Security and RHU :
Officers, i.e., Security Cpt. Sober, :
Security Lt. Clark, Security Sgt. Malick :
(now Lt.), Security Coll Brobst :
(now Sgt.), Security Coll Delacruz, :
Acting Security Coll Umholtz, Security :
Coll Jane and/or John Doe, Restricted :
Housing Unit (RHU) Lt. Wall, RHU :
Sgt. Malick, RHU Coll John Doe, :
Secretary Pennsylvania Department : No. 1087 C.D. 2018
of Corrections, John Wetzel :
ORDER
AND NOW, this 3rd day of January, 2020, the Schuylkill County
Common Pleas Court’s (trial court) June 29, 2018 order is VACATED, and the
matter is REMANDED to the trial court for further consideration. Benjamin
Mojica’s Application for Relief Seeking to Modify the Record is DENIED.
Jurisdiction relinquished.
___________________________
ANNE E. COVEY, Judge