The opinion
[Cite as State ex rel. Ames v. Brimfield Twp. Bd. of Trustees, 2019-Ohio-5311.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS
ELEVENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
PORTAGE COUNTY, OHIO
STATE OF OHIO ex rel. BRIAN M. AMES, : OPINION
Relator-Appellant, :
CASE NO. 2019-P-0018
- vs - :
BRIMFIELD TOWNSHIP BOARD OF :
TRUSTEES,
:
Respondent-Appellee.
Civil Appeal from the Portage County Court of Common Pleas, Case No. 2017 CV 00226.
Judgment: Affirmed in part and reversed in part; remanded.
Brian M. Ames, pro se, 2632 Ranfield Road, Mogadore, OH 44260 (Relator-Appellant).
James F. Mathews and Andrea K. Ziarko, Baker, Dublikar, Beck, Wiley & Mathews, 400
South Main Street, North Canton, OH 44720 (For Respondent-Appellee).
TIMOTHY P. CANNON, J.
{¶1} Appellant, Brian M. Ames (“Ames”), appeals from a decision rendered by
the Portage County Court of Common Pleas granting summary judgment in favor of
appellee, the Brimfield Township Board of Trustees (“the Board”). The trial court’s
judgment is affirmed in part and reversed in part.
{¶2} On March 6, 2017, Ames filed a pro se “Verified Complaint in Mandamus,
Injunction, and Declaratory Judgment” against the Board, alleging 12 violations of R.C.
121.22, Ohio’s Open Meetings Act (“OMA”). Ames’ complaint alleges that, on specific
dates on which meetings were held, the Board entered executive sessions under
circumstances not qualified as one of the exceptions contained in R.C. 121.22(G).
Namely, the complaint alleges that the executive sessions were held to discuss pending
litigation, but they were held without an attorney for the Board present. Therefore, Ames
contends the sessions were not excepted by R.C. 121.22(G)(3). That section allows for
an executive session for “[c]onferences with an attorney for the public body concerning
disputes involving the public body that are the subject of pending or imminent court
action.” Ames argues that his claims are supported by the meeting minutes of each
meeting and by the admissions made by the Board during discovery that no attorney was
physically present at the cited executive sessions.
{¶3} The Board filed an answer, denying it had violated any provisions of R.C.
121.22. Thereafter, Ames and the Board each filed a motion for summary judgment,
asserting no genuine issue as to any material fact alleged in the complaint remained to
be litigated. Both parties attached a copy of the meeting minutes and discovery
responses to the motions for summary judgment. The Board also attached an affidavit
from one of the trustees of the Board, Mike Kostensky, which stated the following:
* * * 3. During the so-called “executive sessions” named in relator’s
complaint, the Board met with employees of the township, who
conveyed information or general advice received from the township’s
attorney as to pending litigation or legal contracts, or spoke to the
township’s attorney on the telephone concerning pending litigation or
other legal matters. The information received during these so-called
“executive sessions” was confidential, attorney-client information,
and was privileged.
4. On the dates set forth in relator’s complaint, no discussions or
deliberations as to public business were held outside the public
meeting. * * *
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{¶4} On February 13, 2019, the trial court issued a judgment entry granting the
Board’s motion for summary judgment and denying Ames’ motion for summary judgment.
The trial court held the following:
The right of members of a public body to meet privately is not limited
to the statutory exceptions listed above under R.C. 121.22(G). Even
R.C. 121.22(A) itself, which generally states that public bodies are to
take official action and conduct deliberation only in open meetings
recognizes that this rule is subject to the limitation “unless . . .
specifically excepted by law.” The Code was not confined to “unless
specifically excepted under subsection (G).” Thus, the “executive
session” exceptions are neither all-inclusive nor exclusive. * * *
I find that the conferences held on [each of the 12 dates in the
complaint] by the Board with township employees, to relay
information from the township’s attorney, did not violate the OMA.
The only evidence before this Court as to what transpired during
those conferences was presented by Brimfield Township Trustee
Mike Kostensky’s affidavit, which set forth that the Board met with
employees of the township, who conveyed information or general
advice received from the township’s attorney as to pending litigation
or legal contracts, or spoke to the township’s attorney on the
telephone concerning pending litigation or other legal matters (I use
the term “conferences” to avoid confusion, as “meeting” has a
specific, relevant definition under the governing statute, which does
not apply in this scenario.)
Although referred to as “executive sessions” by the Board in its
minutes, conferences between the Board and its attorney, or
conferences to obtain information from the Board’s attorney through
an employee of the township, do not constitute “meetings” or
“executive sessions” when no deliberations or official actions took
place. I find that no deliberative processes took place, and that the
information received was confidential, as established by Trustee
Kostensky.
There is a difference between obtaining information from a public
body attorney and deliberation of public business. There is
convincing evidence that each of these conferences were
informational only, but no evidence that a majority of the Board
discussed public business among themselves. As such, the
evidence does not establish that simultaneous meetings and
deliberations occurred. Therefore, I find these conferences fell
outside the scope of the OMA.
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{¶5} Ames filed a timely notice of appeal and raises five assignments of error for
our review. For clarity and convenience, we initially combine and consider the following
three assignments:
[1.] The Trial Court erred in evaluating whether particular gatherings
of the Board constitute meetings.
[2.] The Trial Court erred in finding that although referred to as
“executive sessions” by the Board in its minutes, conferences
between the Board and its attorney, or conferences to obtain
information from the Board’s attorney through an employee of the
township, do not constitute “meetings” or “executive sessions” when
no deliberations or official actions took place.
[4.] The Trial Court erred by ruling that what the Board referred to as
“executive sessions” in its minutes do not constitute “meetings” or
“executive sessions.”
{¶6} These three assignments of error relate to the trial court’s conclusion that
the executive sessions held by the Board, as documented in the meeting minutes, are not
subject to the OMA because they were not meetings. The trial court initially held that the
executive sessions did not violate the OMA but also held the executive sessions were not
subject to the OMA because (1) the executive sessions were actually “conferences” rather
than executive sessions, and (2) the “conferences” were not meetings.
{¶7} The parties disagree on the applicable standard of review where a
mandamus action is decided on summary judgment. Ames advocates for a de novo
standard of review for summary judgment rulings, and the Board advocates for an abuse
of discretion standard of review for mandamus decisions.
{¶8} While the general rule is that the standard of review in a mandamus case is
abuse of discretion, where the lower court grants summary judgment, this court reviews
the decision de novo. State ex rel. Manley v. Walsh, 142 Ohio St.3d 384, 2014-Ohio-
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4563, ¶17, citing State ex rel. Anderson v. Vermilion, 134 Ohio St.3d 120, 2012-Ohio-
5320, ¶8-9. This court has previously held, in accordance with the Ohio Supreme Court,
that the appropriate standard of review for summary judgment on a mandamus action is
de novo. State ex rel. Brannon v. Lakeview School Bd. of Edn., 11th Dist. Trumbull No.
2015-T-0034, 2016-Ohio-1367, ¶8, citing Manley, supra, at ¶17. “Further, this case
involves the interpretation of Ohio’s Open Meeting Act. Our review of the trial court’s
construction of statutes involves questions of law, which we review de novo.” Radtke v.
Chester Twp., 11th Dist. Geauga No. 2014-G-3222, 2015-Ohio-4016, ¶19, citing
Beaumont v. Kvaerner N. Am. Constr., 11th Dist. Trumbull No. 2013-T-0047, 2013-Ohio-
5847, 2013 WL 6887969, ¶8.
{¶9} “Summary judgment is a procedural device intended to terminate litigation
and to avoid trial when there is nothing to try.” Frano v. Red Robin Internatl., Inc., 181
Ohio App.3d 13, 2009-Ohio-685, ¶12 (11th Dist.), citing Murphy v. Reynoldsburg, 65 Ohio
St.3d 356, 358 (1992). Summary judgment is proper when (1) no genuine issue of
material fact remains to be litigated; (2) the moving party is entitled to judgment as a
matter of law; and (3) viewing the evidence most strongly in favor of the nonmoving party,
reasonable minds can come to only one conclusion, and that conclusion is adverse to the
nonmoving party. Temple v. Wean United, Inc., 50 Ohio St.2d 317, 327 (1977), citing
Civ.R. 56(C).
{¶10} The party seeking summary judgment bears the initial burden of informing
the trial court of the basis for the motion and identifying those portions of the record that
demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of material fact. Dresher v. Burt, 75 Ohio
St.3d 280, 292 (1996). The moving party must point to some evidence of the type listed
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in Civ.R. 56(C) (e.g., depositions, answers to interrogatories, written admissions,
affidavits, transcripts of evidence, and written stipulations of fact) that affirmatively
demonstrates there is no genuine issue of material fact. Id. at 292-293. Discrepancies
are to be resolved in favor of the nonmoving party. Civ.R. 56(C).
{¶11} The purpose of Ohio’s OMA “is to assure accountability of elected officials
by prohibiting their secret deliberations on public issues.” State ex rel. Cincinnati Enquirer
v. Hamilton Cty. Commrs., 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-010605, 2002 WL 727023, *1 (Apr.
26, 2002) (citation omitted). The Act “shall be liberally construed to require public officials
to take official action and to conduct all deliberations upon official business only in open
meetings, unless the subject matter is specifically excepted by law.” R.C. 121.22(A).
{¶12} The trial court’s conclusion that the executive sessions did not fall within the
purview of the OMA resulted in summary judgment in favor of the Board.
{¶13} “In order for the OMA to apply, a public body must simultaneously (1)
conduct a ‘meeting’ and (2) ‘deliberate’ concerning public business.” State ex rel. Ames
v. Portage Cty. Bd. of Commrs., 11th Dist. Portage No. 2017-P-0093, 2018-Ohio-2888,
¶20 (citation omitted). “‘Meeting’ is defined as ‘any prearranged [1.] discussion of the
public business of the public body [2.] by a majority of its members.’” Id. at ¶21, quoting
R.C. 121.22(B)(2). “A public body deliberates ‘“by thoroughly discussing all of the factors
involved [in a decision], carefully weighing the positive factors against the negative
factors, cautiously considering the ramifications of its proposed action, and gradually
arriving at a proper decision which reflects th[e] legislative process.”’” Id., quoting
Cincinnati Enquirer v. Cincinnati Bd. of Edn., 192 Ohio App.3d 566, 2011-Ohio-703, ¶12
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(1st Dist.), quoting Theile v. Harris, 1st Dist. Hamilton No. C-860103, 1986 WL 6514, *5
(June 11, 1986).
{¶14} Further, “deliberation” is defined as “the act of weighing and examining the
reasons for and against a choice or measure” or “a discussion and consideration by a
number of persons of the reasons for and against a measure.” Radtke, supra, at ¶25,
quoting Webster’s Third New International Dictionary 596 (1961). “‘Discussion’ of the
public business is an ‘exchange of words, comments or ideas by the board.’” Id., quoting
Holeski v. Lawrence, 85 Ohio App.3d 824, 830 (11th Dist.1993) (emphasis deleted).
“Thus, deliberation requires a member of a public body to discuss public business with
another member of the same public body.” Id. (citations omitted).
{¶15} “‘[D]eliberations involve more than information-gathering, investigation, or
fact-finding.’” Ames, supra, at ¶23, quoting Berner v. Woods, 9th Dist. Lorain No.
07CA009132, 2007-Ohio-6207, ¶15. “Information-gathering and fact-finding are
essential functions of any board, but do not constitute deliberations that can serve as a
basis for a violation of the [OMA].” Id. (citation omitted). “‘Question and answer sessions
between board members and other persons who are not public officials do not constitute
“deliberations” unless a majority of the board members also entertain a discussion of
public business with one another.’” Id., quoting Springfield Local School Dist. Bd. of Edn.
v. Ohio Assn. of Pub. School Emps., Local 530, 106 Ohio App.3d 855, 864 (9th
Dist.1995).
{¶16} In the case sub judice, the trial court characterized the executive sessions
held during the Board meetings as “conferences” and ultimately concluded that the OMA
was not applicable. The reason for this semantical distinction by the trial court is the trial
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court’s contention that no deliberations took place during the executive sessions,
according to the affidavit testimony of Trustee Kostensky. This affidavit, which the trial
court relied on as “the only evidence of what transpired” during the non-public
“conferences” conducted by the Board, is contradicted by evidence submitted by both
parties—the meeting minutes—in several instances. For example, the March 18, 2015
minutes state that Trustee Kostensky moved to adjourn to executive session “to discuss
Road Department Personal [sic] and pending litigation issues.” Following the Board’s
return from executive session, the minutes cite several different motions that were
proposed and voted on “[a]s a result of the executive session,” directly contradicting
Trustee Kostensky’s sworn statement that “no discussions or deliberations as to public
business were held outside the public meeting.” Several of the motions cited in the
minutes did not involve pending litigation, are not subject to any claim of privilege, and
create an inference that discussions on public business were had outside of the public in
the executive session, which resulted in action being taken. Meeting minutes on at least
one other date are similarly contradictory.
{¶17} Also, an executive session may only be called during a regular or special
meeting of the public body. “[T]he members of a public body may hold an executive
session only after a majority of a quorum of the public body determines, by a roll call vote,
to hold an executive session and only at a regular or special meeting * * *.” R.C.
121.22(G). If a regular or special meeting of the public body is called, and the meeting
minutes reflect the board has adjourned to executive session, it does not follow that the
board is no longer in a meeting. The board remains in the regular or special meeting if it
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has not adjourned. The executive session is just that–a session of the regular or special
meeting that takes place in a non-public setting.
{¶18} The trial court’s reliance on our holding in Holeski v. Lawrence, 85 Ohio
App.3d 824 (11th Dist.1993) is misplaced. There, we held that a meeting did not occur
where no deliberations took place and no action was taken. The facts of that case are
distinguishable from those at hand.
{¶19} During the meeting in Holeski, a committee member submitted a report to
the board, which purported to be a product of an ad hoc committee but was actually
plagiarized from a previous township report. Id. at 827. Immediately after the public
meeting concluded, as the trustees were exiting the meeting room, the plagiarism was
discovered. Id. One of the trustees summoned the press and another trustee, who was
still in the public meeting room, to the trustees’ office. The committee member had
already left the building. Id. Following an examination of the plagiarism in the trustees’
office without the committee member, the board made comments to the press. Id. In that
matter, we held that “in order to show a violation of the ‘open meeting’ rule as appellant
attempts to do here, either a resolution, rule or formal action of some kind must have been
adopted by the public body at a meeting not open to the public.” Id. at 829.
{¶20} As discussed above, in the matter sub judice the meeting minutes on
multiple occasions indicate that formal actions were taken as a result of the executive
sessions conducted outside of the public. Unlike in Holeski, there is evidence presented
by Ames—the meeting minutes—demonstrating that more than just mere discussions
took place. Because of this, Holeski is inapplicable to the issues presented herein.
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{¶21} Therefore, the trial court erred in its determination that the executive
sessions were “conferences,” rather than meetings, and that the OMA did not apply. The
evidence submitted by the parties demonstrates that, on multiple occasions where Ames
has alleged a violation of the OMA, meetings were held in private in which deliberations
regarding public business were had and actions were taken as a result.
{¶22} Ames’ first, second, and fourth assignments of error have merit.
{¶23} Ames’ third assignment of error states:
[3.] The Trial Court erred in finding that The right of members of a
public body to meet privately is not limited to the statutory exceptions
listed[] under RC. 121.22(G).
{¶24} The trial court concluded that, in addition to the exceptions contained in R.C.
121.22(G), common law attorney-client privilege applied to the 12 instances of executive
sessions cited in the complaint.
{¶25} The trial court relies on several cases involving disclosures of documents
that were subject to attorney-client privilege in specific instances. However, the complaint
filed by Ames does not seek disclosure of any privileged documents or information.
Further, we do not need to look outside of the statute itself to find exceptions for attorney-
board communications. R.C. 121.22(G)(3) provides an exception for “[c]onferences with
an attorney for the public body concerning disputes involving the public body that are the
subject of pending or imminent court action[.]” Also, R.C. 121.22(G)(5) provides an
exception for “[m]atters required to be kept confidential by federal law or regulations or
state statutes” such as records exempted from Ohio’s Public Records Act, sealed records
of criminal convictions, information concerning an abortion without parental consent, and
results of HIV testing. See Cincinnati Enquirer, 2002 WL 727023, at *5.
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{¶26} The Twelfth Appellate District addressed the latter exception, with regard to
attorney-client privilege, as follows:
R.C. 121.22(G)(5) allows a public body to convene an executive
session to discuss “[m]atters required to be kept confidential by
federal law or regulations or state statutes[.]” On appeal, as it did
below, the Board argues that the July 23, 2009 executive session fell
under R.C. 121.22(G)(5) because the Board was discussing matters
with its statutory counsel and such discussions are protected by the
attorney-client privilege which is codified in a state statute (R.C.
2317.02). The trial court rejected the Board’s argument, finding that
R.C. 121.22(G)(5) did not apply to either executive session merely
because the Board was conferring with or discussed matters with its
legal counsel during the executive sessions.
* * * Addressing a similar argument, the First Appellate District held
that: “R.C. 121.22(G)(5) refers to matters that are ‘required’ to be
kept confidential. The commissioners, however, are under no legal
duty to assert the attorney-client privilege to keep confidential every
discussion that they may have with the prosecuting attorney. * * *”
State ex rel. Hardin v. Clermont Cty. Bd. of Elections, 12th Dist. Clermont Nos. CA2011-
05-045 & CA2011-06-047, 2012-Ohio-2569, ¶76-77, quoting Cincinnati Enquirer, 2002
WL 727023, at *5. The First District went on to affirmatively state that “‘the General
Assembly, in limiting the circumstances in which such a discussion can be held in
executive session, has required a partial waiver of the privilege by the client-public body.’”
Cincinnati Enquirer, 2002 WL 727023, at *5 (emphasis added) (quotation omitted).
{¶27} We agree with the First and Twelfth Appellate Districts’ analysis. R.C.
121.22(G) lists the matters a public body may consider privately in an executive session,
including matters of imminent or pending litigation when discussed with the public body’s
counsel, R.C. 121.22(G)(3), and matters required to be kept confidential by state or
federal law, R.C. 121.22(G)(5). These exceptions embody the attorney-client privilege
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with regard to public bodies under the OMA. The General Assembly limited the
circumstances in which such a discussion can be held in executive session, thus requiring
a partial waiver of the privilege outside of R.C. 121.22(G). To hold otherwise would render
meaningless the specific exception set forth in R.C. 121.22(G)(3). Therefore, the trial
court erred when it applied a separate, common law privilege to the Board’s
communications outside of the exceptions contained in R.C. 121.22(G).
{¶28} Ames’ third assignment of error has merit.
{¶29} Ames’ fifth assignment of error states:
[5.] The Trial Court erred by overruling Ames’s motion for summary
judgment and granting the Board’s.
{¶30} “While summary judgment is a beneficial procedure aiding in the swift
administration of justice, it must also ‘be used cautiously and with the utmost care so that
a litigant’s right to a trial * * * is not usurped in the presence of conflicting facts and
inferences.’” Fifth Third Mtge. Co. v. Perry, 4th Dist. Pickaway No. 12CA13, 2013-Ohio-
3308, ¶35, quoting Viock v. Stowe-Woodward Co., 13 Ohio App.3d 7, 15 (6th Dist.1983).
{¶31} The exceptions to the public meeting requirement are contained in R.C.
121.22(G), which states, “the members of a public body may hold an executive session
only after a majority of a quorum of the public body determines, by a roll call vote, to hold
an executive session and only at a regular or special meeting for the sole purpose of the
consideration of any of the following matters [enumerated in (G)(1)–(8)].” R.C. 121.22(G).
None of the specific, enumerated exceptions are stated in the meeting minutes of the 12
meetings.
{¶32} Ames requested summary judgment on his 12 claims requiring the Board
to comply with the provisions of the OMA. However, when construing the evidence
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submitted with his motion for summary judgment in a light most favorable to the non-
moving party—the meeting minutes and discovery responses—Ames did not meet his
burden to demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of material fact with regard to
these meetings. While the meeting minutes fail in specificity to affirmatively confirm that
the OMA was not violated by the Board, the minutes alone are inadequate to prove that
a violation of the OMA has occurred in each of the instances cited in the complaint, and
the discovery responses only concede that an attorney was not physically present at the
meetings. There is no requirement, and Ames has not provided any authority, that the
attorney must be physically present to allow the exception. To the contrary, the affidavit
submitted by the Board indicated that communication with counsel during the 12 meetings
may have been by telephone, which would qualify as a R.C. 121.22(G)(3) exception for
“[c]onferences with an attorney for the public body concerning disputes involving the
public body that are the subject of pending or imminent court action[.]” Therefore, the trial
court was correct in denying Ames’ motion for summary judgment.
{¶33} With regard to the Board’s motion for summary judgment, the meeting
minutes and affidavit submitted contradict each other. When construing this evidence in
a light most favorable to the nonmoving party, there remains a genuine issue of material
fact. As discussed above, the affidavit testimony that “no discussions or deliberations as
to public business were held outside the public meeting” is contradicted by the meeting
minutes in multiple instances, creating a genuine dispute of material fact. Therefore,
summary judgment in favor of the Board was in error.
{¶34} Ames’ fifth assignment of error is without merit regarding his motion for
summary judgment and with merit regarding the Board’s motion for summary judgment.
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Upon review, a factual dispute remains to be litigated on the issue of whether the Board
violated Ohio’s OMA by conducting an executive session without an authorized purpose
under R.C. 121.22(G) during the cited meetings.
{¶35} The judgment of the Portage County Court of Common Pleas denying
summary judgment in favor of Ames is affirmed, and the judgment granting summary
judgment in favor of the Board is reversed. The matter is remanded for further
proceedings consistent with this opinion.
THOMAS R. WRIGHT, P.J.,
MARY JANE TRAPP, J.,
concur.
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