The opinion
Supreme Court of Louisiana
FOR IMMEDIATE NEWS RELEASE NEWS RELEASE #027
FROM: CLERK OF SUPREME COURT OF LOUISIANA
The Opinions handed down on the 26th day of June, 2019, are as follows:
PER CURIAM:
2018-C-2042 KEVIN E. BIAS v. LOUISIANA PHYSICAL THERAPY BOARD (Parish of
Lafayette)
In this case, we are called upon to decide whether a regulatory
board has authority to conduct disciplinary proceedings when
there is a vacancy in its statutorily-mandated composition. For
the reasons that follow, we find the court of appeal erred in
finding the board's actions were invalid because it was not
lawfully constituted at the time of its actions in this case.
REVERSED AND REMANDED.
06/26/19
SUPREME COURT OF LOUISIANA
No. 2018-C-2042
KEVIN E. BIAS
VERSUS
LOUISIANA PHYSICAL THERAPY BOARD
ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE COURT OF APPEAL,
THIRD CIRCUIT, PARISH OF LAFAYETTE
PER CURIAM
In this case, we are called upon to decide whether a regulatory board has
authority to conduct disciplinary proceedings when there is a vacancy in its
statutorily-mandated composition. For the reasons that follow, we find the court of
appeal erred in finding the board’s actions were invalid because it was not lawfully
constituted at the time of its actions in this case.
FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
The Louisiana Physical Therapy Board (“Board”) was established under the
provisions of La. R.S. 37:2403. That statute requires the Board shall consist of seven
members appointed by the governor and further provides at least one member shall
be a licensed physician. La. R.S. 37:2404 additionally provides that “all meetings
shall be held at the call of the chairman or at a call of a quorum of members” and that
“[a]ny four members of the board shall constitute a quorum for any business before
the board.”
The instant litigation arose when the Board filed an administrative complaint
against physical therapist Kevin Bias after he was arrested for an alleged aggravated
assault while driving. The matter proceeded to a hearing.
At the hearing, the Board was composed of five members. The acting
chairperson introduced the board members and asked for objections to the makeup
of the panel. Counsel for Mr. Bias responded there were none. The Board’s counsel
then added:
In addition, the Board composition includes a physician.
That position is currently unfilled, but we do have a
quorum. So, I want to make sure that everybody is aware
of that on the record as a housekeeping matter.
Mr. Bias’s counsel did not raise any objections to the composition of the
Board. At the conclusion of the hearing, the Board suspended Mr. Bias’s physical
therapy license with conditions for reinstatement.
Mr. Bias appealed the Board’s decision to the district court. The district court
affirmed the Board’s order.
Mr. Bias then appealed to the court of appeal. On appeal, he raised six
assignments of error, including an assignment that the Board’s composition was not
in accordance with the statutory mandates and its decision was therefore invalid.
In an opinion not designated for publication, the court of appeal reversed the
judgment of the district court and vacated the order of the Board suspending Mr.
Bias’s license to practice physical therapy. Bias v. Louisiana Physical Therapy
Board, 2018-225 (La. App. 3 Cir. 11/14/18) (unpublished). Citing its opinion in
Cunningham v. State, Dept. of Health & Hospitals, 05-1378 (La. App. 3 Cir. 9/27/06),
939 So.2d 695, writ denied, 06-2597 (La. 2/22/07), 949 So.2d 427, the court held the
decision by Board was in violation of statutory provisions and made upon unlawful
procedure on the ground no licensed physician sat on the Board. Having granted
relief on this ground, the court of appeal pretermitted the remaining assignments of
error.
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Upon the Board’s application, we granted certiorari to consider the correctness
of this decision. Bias v. Louisiana Physical Therapy Board, 2018-2042 (La. 3/6/19),
___ So. 3d ___.
DISCUSSION
The composition of the Louisiana Physical Therapy Board is set forth in La.
R.S. 37:2403, which provides:
A. The Louisiana Physical Therapy Board, hereinafter
referred to as the “board,” is hereby created within the
Louisiana Department of Health. The board shall be
domiciled in Lafayette Parish.
B. The board shall consist of eight members who shall be
appointed by the governor as follows:
***
(5) One member shall be a physician who possesses an
unrestricted license to practice medicine in the state and
who specializes in the practice of orthopedic surgery or
the practice of physiatry and shall be appointed from a
list of names submitted by the Louisiana State Medical
Society. [emphasis added].
In the case at bar, it is undisputed that at the time of Mr. Bias’s hearing, the
position for a licensed physician on the Board remained unfilled. However, the Board
points out it had a quorum of five members at the time of the hearing and invites our
attention to La. R.S. 37:2404, which provides, in pertinent part:
A. The board shall meet at least semiannually, on a date
and at a time and place as it may designate, which shall
include at least a meeting in January of each year to elect
a chairman and secretary-treasurer from its membership.
All meetings shall be held at the call of the chairman or
at a call of a quorum of members upon not less than ten
days written notice, unless such notice is waived. The
presence of any member at any such meeting of the board
shall constitute a waiver of notice thereof by such member.
Notice shall comply with the provisions of R.S. 42:19.
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B. Any four members of the board shall constitute a
quorum for any business before the board. [emphasis
added].
Over sixty years ago, this court addressed a similar question in Liquefied
Petroleum Gas Comm. v. E.R. Kiper Gas Corp., 229 La. 640, 86 So.2d 518 (1956).
In that case, the Liquefied Petroleum Gas Commission (“Commission”) sought
penalties against Kiper Gas for violations of regulations that governed the handling
of liquefied gas. Kiper Gas filed an exception of no cause of action, arguing the
penalty was illegal because the Commission was not established in accordance with
the provisions of La. Const. Art. 6, § 28 (1921) as it contained three qualified
members instead of the five required by the constitution because the governor had not
yet appointed its entire membership. The district court granted the exception. This
court reversed, finding the constitutional provision explicitly authorized the
Commission to operate with a three-member quorum. In reaching this conclusion, the
court stated:
The district judge, in sustaining the exception of no right
or cause of action, expressed the view that, since the
Governor did not fill the complement of the Commission
by appointing four members, a legal body has never come
into existence and all of the acts of the three members are
nullities.
We think this is error. The Commission was created and
given legal existence by the Constitution. The appointment
of the members of the Commission was but a necessary
step in the organization of this legal entity so that it might
perform the functions for which it was established. Hence,
the question is not whether a body corporate was created
but whether the entity so created could function through
appointment of a less number than its entire membership.
Since the constitutional amendment declares that ‘A
majority of the membership shall constitute a quorum
for the transaction of all business', it clearly appears
that the Commission is specially authorized and
empowered to operate and function with only three
members. This power would seem to encompass the
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right to organize the Commission at inception so that its
functions could be performed. Indeed, no good reason
occurs to us for denying a public board the right of
organization prior to the time its entire membership has
been selected and qualified provided, of course, that a
sufficient number of members, authorized by law to act for
the body, have been appointed and qualified.
229 La. 640 at 647, 86 So. 2d 518 at 520 [emphasis added].
Liquified Petroleum stands for the clear proposition that a board may be
authorized and empowered to act with a specified quorum. In the instant case, the
legislature, through La. R.S. 37:2404(B), expressly provided, “[a]ny four members
of the board shall constitute a quorum for any business before the board.” It is
undisputed that such a quorum existed at the time of Mr. Bias’s hearing.
Nonetheless, Mr. Bias contends La. R.S. 37:2404 is limited to establishing the
quorum requirements for “meetings” of the Board. He draws a distinction between
general meeting of the Board and hearings conducted pursuant to the board’s
disciplinary authority.
We see no authority for such a narrow and strained reading of the language of
La. R.S. 37:2404. Subsection B of that statute provides that four members shall
constitute a quorum for “any business before the board.” Webster’s College
Dictionary defines “business” as “something with which a person is rightfully
concerned.” Clearly, the Board’s authority to impose discipline under La.
R.S.37:2420 is part of its rightful concern and falls within the scope of the Board’s
business.
Mr. Bias also cites the court of appeal’s opinion in Cunningham for the
proposition that compliance with the quorum requirements “does not negate the fact
that the composition of the board was not in compliance with statutory mandates.”
Cunningham, 939 So. 2d 695 at 698. Thus, he reasons any actions undertaken by the
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improperly-constituted Board are void ad initio.
As discussed earlier, La. R.S. 37:2404 authorizes the Board to act through a
quorum. At the time of Cunningham, former La. R.S. 37:2401.1(I) provided, “[t]hree
members of the board shall constitute a quorum for any business before the board.”
In 2009, several years after Cunningham was rendered, the legislature enacted the
current version of La. R.S. 37:2404(B), which provides, “[a]ny four members of the
board shall constitute a quorum for any business before the board. [emphasis added].
In statutory interpretation, there is a well-settled presumption that “every word,
sentence or provision in the statute was intended to serve some useful purpose, that
some effect is to be given to each such provision, and that no unnecessary words or
provisions were used.” West Monroe Firefighters Local 1385 v. City of West Monroe,
2012-1937 (La. 3/19/13), 111 So.3d 330, 336. Thus, our courts must “give effect to
all parts of a statute and construe no sentence, clause or word as meaningless.” Moss
v. State, 05-1963 (La.4/4/06), 925 So.2d 1185, 1196. It is further presumed that the
legislature did not insert “idle, meaningless or superfluous language in the statute or
that it intended for any part or provision of the statute to be meaningless, redundant
or useless.” ABL Management, Inc. v. Board of Supervisors of Southern University,
00–0798 (La.11/28/00), 773 So.2d 131, 135.
By using the phrase “any four members,” it is obvious the legislature did not
intend to place any restriction on the composition of the quorum of members through
which the Board may transact its business. Mr. Bias’s interpretation would force us
to ignore this language and find the board is precluded from acting unless its entire
seven-member composition is present. We decline to adopt this interpretation, as it
would render the phrase “any four members” in La. R.S. 37:2404(B) meaningless.
In summary, we conclude the Board was authorized to act through a quorum
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as provided by La. R.S. 37:2404(B). The court of appeal’s holding that the Board’s
action was void because it was improperly constituted is reversed. Because the court
of appeal pretermitted consideration of the remaining assignments of error in Mr.
Bias’s appeal, we will remand the case to the court of appeal to address these
assignments.
DECREE
For the reasons assigned, the judgment of the court of appeal is reversed. The
case is remanded to the court of appeal for consideration of the remaining
assignments of error raised in the appeal.
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