The opinion
10/25/2018
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT KNOXVILLE
August 23, 2018 Session
KATHRYN NICOLE BROWN v. TYLER MATTHEW BROWN
Appeal from the Chancery Court for Hamilton County
No. 16-0577 Pamela A. Fleenor, Chancellor
No. E2017-01629-COA-R3-CV
In this divorce action, the wife was shown to be economically disadvantaged compared to
the husband, and the trial court awarded to the wife a slightly greater share of the marital
estate in addition to rehabilitative alimony in the amount of $4,000.00 per month for a
period of four years. The husband has appealed. Although we conclude that the trial
court’s judgment should be affirmed, we also modify that judgment to include an
indemnification clause in the husband’s favor regarding the mortgage on the marital
residence. We further grant the wife’s request for an award of attorney’s fees incurred in
defending this appeal.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Chancery Court
Affirmed as Modified; Case Remanded
THOMAS R. FRIERSON, II, J., delivered the opinion of the court, in which CHARLES D.
SUSANO, JR., and JOHN W. MCCLARTY, JJ., joined.
Alan R. Beard, Chattanooga, Tennessee, for the appellant, Tyler Matthew Brown.
John P. Konvalinka and Katherine H. Lentz, Chattanooga, Tennessee, for the appellee,
Kathryn Nicole Brown.
OPINION
I. Factual and Procedural Background
The plaintiff in this action, Kathryn Nicole Brown (“Wife”), filed a complaint for
divorce against the defendant, Tyler Matthew Brown (“Husband”), on August 24, 2016,
in the Hamilton County Chancery Court (“trial court”). In her complaint, Wife averred
that the parties had been married since 2009 and had two minor children. Wife asserted
that she should be granted a divorce because Husband was guilty of inappropriate marital
conduct. Wife requested that the court divide the parties’ assets and liabilities, fashion an
appropriate permanent parenting plan designating her as primary residential parent, and
award her child support and alimony. Wife concomitantly filed a proposed permanent
parenting plan, which designated an annual residential co-parenting schedule allowing
her 285 days with the children, with the remaining eighty days allotted to Husband.
Husband filed an answer and counter-complaint on September 15, 2016, denying
that he had been guilty of inappropriate marital conduct. Husband averred instead that
the parties had irreconcilable differences or that Wife was guilty of inappropriate marital
conduct. Husband filed a proposed permanent parenting plan, which designated Husband
as the primary residential parent and provided each party with equal co-parenting time.
On January 3, 2017, the parties attended mediation and reached a temporary agreement,
although a copy of such agreement does not appear in the appellate record.
The trial court conducted a bench trial concerning this matter on June 30, 2017.
The parties were the sole witnesses to testify. Wife related that the parties had married in
2009 when she was eighteen years of age. According to Wife, her only employment
during the marriage had been as a nanny for approximately two months. Wife explained
that she was currently a stay-at-home mother caring for the parties’ two children, ages
three and two.
Wife had recently begun taking a course in computer design and front-end
programming, which Husband had funded. Although she expected to graduate from this
course in April 2018, she had not yet sought employment in that field. Wife had no
income at the time of trial and listed monthly expenses of $4,277.28. Furthermore, she
was unsure what her earning potential would be upon graduation.
Wife opined that the parties’ marital residence was worth $300,000.00. In
support, she had considered the sale prices of other homes in her neighborhood when
determining this value. Wife expressed her desire to remain in the marital residence with
the children because smaller homes in the area cost at least $1,400.00 per month in rent
and the monthly mortgage payment on her current residence was only $1,785.00.
Husband testified that he was currently employed as a software engineer with a
base salary of $155,000.00 per year. He also received employee stock options from his
employer, although such benefit had not yet vested. According to Husband, he was
paying $1,420.00 per month in rent for a residence near the marital home. Husband also
explained that during the pendency of the divorce, he had paid $4,200.00 per month to
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Wife in support of the children and her pursuant to the parties’ mediated temporary
agreement.
Husband testified that the parties purchased the marital residence in October 2015
for $300,000.00 but that he believed the value of the home had risen to $350,000.00 by
the time of trial based on increased housing prices in the area. Husband’s expressed
desire was for the marital residence to be sold because Wife could not refinance the
mortgage in her sole name. Husband explained that the field in which Wife was studying
was closely related to his employment, and in his opinion there would be significant
employment opportunities for her in the area. Husband did not dispute Wife’s claimed
expenses for food, clothing, or recreation.
Following the hearing, the trial court entered a “Memorandum Opinion and Final
Decree of Divorce” (“Final Decree”) on July 21, 2017. In its Final Decree, the court
stated that the parties had agreed to a permanent parenting plan, which the court
determined to be in the best interest of the children. The parties had also agreed to the
appropriate amount of child support, according to the Tennessee child support guidelines,
to be paid by Husband. The court therefore determined that only the issues of grounds
for divorce, proper division of marital assets and debts, and spousal support remained.
The trial court found that both parties were credible witnesses at trial. The court
further found that Husband had admitted his infidelity during the marriage, thereby
establishing grounds for divorce. With respect to the issue of marital property and debt
division, the court made findings concerning the factors listed in Tennessee Code
Annotated § 36-4-121. Following its findings regarding the pertinent statutory factors,
the trial court ultimately awarded to Wife assets valued at $50,600.00 and to Husband
assets valued at $36,520.00. Included in this division was the trial court’s award to Wife
of the marital residence, valued at $310,000.00, along with responsibility for payment of
the attendant mortgage balance of $277,000.00.
The trial court next considered the statutory factors related to an award of alimony,
codified at Tennessee Code Annotated § 36-5-121. Following its analysis of the
pertinent statutory factors, the court awarded to Wife rehabilitative alimony in the
amount of $4,000.00 per month for a period of four years. The court also awarded to
Wife attorney’s fees in the amount of $7,000.00 as alimony in solido.
On August 8, 2017, the trial court entered an agreed order amending the Final
Decree to provide specifically for the adoption and incorporation of the parties’ agreed
permanent parenting plan. Husband subsequently filed a timely notice of appeal.
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Following the filing of the notice of appeal, the trial court entered an order sua
sponte on August 21, 2017, amending the Final Decree to provide for divestment of
Husband’s interest in the marital residence and directing that if Husband failed to sign a
quitclaim deed regarding such interest, the clerk and master could do so on Husband’s
behalf. The court also amended its earlier award of attorney’s fees in favor of Wife,
providing instead that Wife’s counsel could submit an affidavit regarding the fees and
expenses incurred, whereupon the court would determine a reasonable amount of fees to
be awarded. Thereafter, Husband filed a “Motion to Vacate and Set Aside Order for
Want of Jurisdiction,” asserting that the trial court was without jurisdiction to amend its
earlier Final Decree following the filing of the notice of appeal. Husband also filed a
motion seeking a stay of the trial court’s judgment pending appeal.
On September 22, 2017, Wife’s counsel filed an affidavit regarding attorney’s
fees, wherein Wife’s counsel stated that Wife had incurred attorney’s fees and expenses
in the amount of $12,664.99. Husband subsequently filed an amended motion seeking a
stay of the trial court’s judgment.
Following oral argument in this Court, Husband’s attorney filed a motion seeking
to supplement the record with the trial court’s subsequently entered agreed order
concerning a stay and award of attorney’s fees. On August 28, 2018, the trial court
entered an agreed order awarding to Wife attorney’s fees and expenses in the amount of
$12,664.99. The trial court also granted Husband a stay pending appeal. The court’s
order further provided that Husband would pay to Wife $200.00 per month toward the
attorney’s fee award, and if Husband failed to do so, the stay would be lifted. This Court
granted Husband’s motion to supplement the appellate record on September 13, 2018.
II. Issues Presented
Husband presents the following issues for our review, which we have restated
slightly:
1. Whether the trial court erred by permitting Wife to introduce
warranty deeds and testimony concerning the value of other nearby
properties when presenting her opinion regarding the value of the
marital residence.
2. Whether the trial court erred by awarding title to the marital
residence solely to Wife and declining to order that the home be sold
or the mortgage refinanced.
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3. Whether the trial court erred by awarding to Wife rehabilitative
alimony in the amount of $4,000.00 per month for a period of four
years.
Wife presents the following additional issue, which we have also restated slightly:
4. Whether Wife should be awarded her attorney’s fees incurred on
appeal.
III. Standard of Review
As our Supreme Court has previously explained in regard to the trial court’s
decisions concerning admissibility of evidence:
Generally, the admissibility of evidence is within the sound
discretion of the trial court. Otis v. Cambridge Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 850
S.W.2d 439, 442 (Tenn. 1992). The trial court’s decision to admit or
exclude evidence will be overturned on appeal only where there is an abuse
of discretion. Id. A trial court abuses its discretion “only when it ‘applie[s]
an incorrect legal standard, or reache[s] a decision which is against logic or
reasoning that cause[s] an injustice to the party complaining.’” Eldridge v.
Eldridge, 42 S.W.3d 82, 85 (Tenn. 2001) (quoting State v. Shirley, 6
S.W.3d 243, 247 (Tenn. 1999)).
Mercer v. Vanderbilt Univ., Inc., 134 S.W.3d 121, 131 (Tenn. 2004).
Our Supreme Court has elucidated the applicable standard of appellate review in a
case involving the proper classification and distribution of assets incident to a divorce as
follows:
This Court gives great weight to the decisions of the trial court in
dividing marital assets and “we are disinclined to disturb the trial court’s
decision unless the distribution lacks proper evidentiary support or results
in some error of law or misapplication of statutory requirements and
procedures.” Herrera v. Herrera, 944 S.W.2d 379, 389 (Tenn. Ct. App.
1996). As such, when dealing with the trial court’s findings of fact, we
review the record de novo with a presumption of correctness, and we must
honor those findings unless there is evidence which preponderates to the
contrary. Tenn. R. App. P. 13(d); Union Carbide Corp. v. Huddleston, 854
S.W.2d 87, 91 (Tenn. 1993). Because trial courts are in a far better position
than this Court to observe the demeanor of the witnesses, the weight, faith,
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and credit to be given witnesses’ testimony lies in the first instance with the
trial court. Roberts v. Roberts, 827 S.W.2d 788, 795 (Tenn. Ct. App.
1991). Consequently, where issues of credibility and weight of testimony
are involved, this Court will accord considerable deference to the trial
court’s factual findings. In re M.L.P., 228 S.W.3d 139, 143 (Tenn. Ct.
App. 2007) (citing Seals v. England/Corsair Upholstery Mfg. Co., 984
S.W.2d 912, 915 (Tenn. 1999)). The trial court’s conclusions of law,
however, are accorded no presumption of correctness. Langschmidt v.
Langschmidt, 81 S.W.3d 741, 744-45 (Tenn. 2002).
Keyt v. Keyt, 244 S.W.3d 321, 327 (Tenn. 2007). Questions related to the classification
of assets as marital or separate are questions of fact. Bilyeu v. Bilyeu, 196 S.W.3d 131,
135 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2005).
Furthermore, as this Court has previously held:
Because Tennessee is a “dual property” state, a trial court must
identify all of the assets possessed by the divorcing parties as either
separate property or marital property before equitably dividing the marital
estate. Separate property is not subject to division. In contrast, Tenn. Code
Ann. § 36-4-121(c) outlines the relevant factors that a court must consider
when equitably dividing the marital property without regard to fault on the
part of either party. An equitable division of marital property is not
necessarily an equal division, and § 36-4-121(a)(1) only requires an
equitable division.
McHugh v. McHugh, No. E2009-01391-COA-R3-CV, 2010 WL 1526140, at *3-4 (Tenn.
Ct. App. Apr. 16, 2010) (internal citations omitted). See also Manis v. Manis, 49 S.W.3d
295, 306 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2001) (holding that appellate courts reviewing a distribution of
marital property “ordinarily defer to the trial judge’s decision unless it is inconsistent
with the factors in Tenn. Code Ann. § 36-4-121(c) or is not supported by a preponderance
of the evidence.”).
Regarding alimony, our Supreme Court has repeatedly observed that “trial courts
have broad discretion to determine whether spousal support is needed and, if so, the
nature, amount, and duration of the award.” See Gonsewski v. Gonsewski, 350 S.W.3d
99, 105 (Tenn. 2011). The High Court further explained:
[A] trial court’s decision regarding spousal support is factually driven and
involves the careful balancing of many factors. As a result, “[a]ppellate
courts are generally disinclined to second-guess a trial judge’s spousal
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support decision.” Kinard [v. Kinard], 986 S.W.2d [220,] 234 [(Tenn. Ct.
App. 1998)]. Rather, “[t]he role of an appellate court in reviewing an
award of spousal support is to determine whether the trial court applied the
correct legal standard and reached a decision that is not clearly
unreasonable.” Broadbent v. Broadbent, 211 S.W.3d 216, 220 (Tenn.
2006). Appellate courts decline to second-guess a trial court’s decision
absent an abuse of discretion. An abuse of discretion occurs when the trial
court causes an injustice by applying an incorrect legal standard, reaches an
illogical result, resolves the case on a clearly erroneous assessment of the
evidence, or relies on reasoning that causes an injustice. This standard does
not permit an appellate court to substitute its judgment for that of the trial
court, but “‘reflects an awareness that the decision being reviewed involved
a choice among several acceptable alternatives,’ and thus ‘envisions a less
rigorous review of the lower court’s decision and a decreased likelihood
that the decision will be reversed on appeal.’” Henderson [v. SAIA, Inc.],
318 S.W.3d [328,] 335 [(Tenn. 2010)] (quoting Lee Medical, Inc. v.
Beecher, 312 S.W.3d 515, 524 (Tenn. 2010)). Consequently, when
reviewing a discretionary decision by the trial court, such as an alimony
determination, the appellate court should presume that the decision is
correct and should review the evidence in the light most favorable to the
decision.
Id. at 105-06 (other internal citations omitted).
IV. Evidence of Marital Residence Value
Husband’s first issue concerns the trial court’s decision to allow Wife to testify
regarding the value of the parties’ marital residence and “submit as evidence deeds of
random homes in the area to prove the value” of the marital residence. Wife contends
that the trial court properly allowed her to introduce deeds related to comparable
properties when she testified as to her opinion of the marital residence’s value,
particularly because such deeds were authenticated pursuant to Tennessee Rules of
Evidence 901 and 902.
As this Court has previously elucidated:
It is well established law in Tennessee that an owner of property
may testify as to value of that property. As stated in State ex rel. Smith v.
Livingston Limestone Co., Inc., 547 S.W.2d 942, 943 (Tenn. 1977):
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In most states, and in Tennessee, the owner of real property is
held to be qualified, by reason of his ownership alone, to give
an opinion in evidence of the value of his land. Because of
his interest in the land as its owner, it is presumed that he
knows the value of it; hence, he qualifies as a witness by
showing mere ownership.
Airline Const., Inc. v. Barr, 807 S.W.2d 247, 254-55 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1990) (internal
citations omitted). See Stinson v. Stinson, 161 S.W.3d 438, 446 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2004)
(“[A]n owner of property is competent to testify as to the value of such property.”).
In this matter, Wife testified that, in her opinion, the marital residence should be
valued at $300,000.00. Wife explained that she based her opinion regarding the home’s
value in part on her review of the sale prices of other nearby homes in the neighborhood.
Wife then presented certified copies of three deeds demonstrating such sales, to which
Husband’s counsel objected. The trial court allowed Wife to file the deeds as exhibits to
her testimony, although the court explained that Husband’s counsel could cross-examine
Wife regarding the weight to be afforded to such evidence. Husband’s counsel did not
further mention the deeds.
During his subsequent testimony, Husband opined that the marital residence
should be valued at $350,000.00. Husband explained that the parties had purchased the
home in 2015 for $300,000.00 and that he believed the prices in the neighborhood had
“skyrocketed” since that time.
As Husband concedes in his appellate brief, Tennessee Rule of Evidence 701
“permits a lay witness to testify as to the value of her own property, whether real or
personal . . . .” See Tenn. R. Evid. 701 (b) (“A witness may testify to the value of the
witness’s own property or services.”). Husband argues, however, that the deeds relating
to other homes should not have been admitted because by allowing the introduction of
such deeds as evidence, the trial court permitted Wife to render a lay opinion regarding
the value of the three home sales demonstrated by the deeds presented. Husband
contends that because Wife’s lay opinion as a non-owner regarding the value of the other
homes was not admissible, her testimony that the “marital home is worth what the other
comparable real estate is worth is likewise inadmissible.”
Based upon our thorough review of the record, we disagree with Husband’s
contention. When questioned regarding specific items listed on her asset and liability
statement, Wife explained that she had placed a value of $300,000.00 on the marital
residence and that her opinion as to value was based in part on the sale prices of other
homes in the neighborhood. During his subsequent testimony, Husband acknowledged
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that the parties purchased the marital home for $300,000.00 in October 2015, some
twenty months before trial, and neither party testified to having made any significant
improvements to the home since that time. Although Husband valued the marital
residence at $350,000.00 at the time of trial, he explained that he had likewise considered
that “prices of the houses [in the neighborhood] have been going up dramatically over the
last five years.”
Despite Husband’s protestations to the contrary, we discern no significant
distinction between Husband’s and Wife’s respective testimonies regarding their
methodologies in valuing the marital residence. Each party presented a lay opinion
concerning the value of his or her own property, as permitted by Tennessee Rule of
Evidence 701, and both parties relied in part on the prices of other homes within the
neighborhood when doing so. The admission of deeds representing nearby home sales
did not constitute reversible error, especially when Husband has not demonstrated that
the trial court relied on such evidence in making its determination of the marital
residence’s value.
In its Final Decree, the trial court stated the following concerning the marital
residence and its value:
Wife values the Residence at $300,000.00. Husband values the
Residence at $350,000.00. The Court finds the value of the Residence to be
$310,000.00.
The trial court thus appears to have relied solely on the parties’ opinions regarding value
when making its valuation determination. We note that “[w]hen valuation evidence is
conflicting, the court may place a value on the property that is within the range of the
values represented by all the relevant valuation evidence.” Owens v. Owens, 241 S.W.3d
478, 486 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2007). This is precisely what the trial court did in the instant
action. In addition, we note that decisions regarding valuation of property present issues
of fact, and the trial court’s decision regarding value is entitled to great weight on appeal
and “will not be second-guessed unless [it is] not supported by a preponderance of the
evidence.” Id. We conclude that the trial court’s determination of the marital residence’s
value was supported by a preponderance of the evidence and was within the range of
values presented by the parties. We therefore affirm the trial court’s marital residence
valuation decision.
V. Disposition of Marital Residence
Husband next takes issue with the trial court’s decision to award title to the
parties’ marital residence to Wife without ordering Wife to refinance the mortgage and
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thereby remove Husband’s obligation from the debt. Husband alternatively asserts that
the trial court should have ordered that the marital residence be sold and the proceeds
divided equally between the parties. In its Final Decree, the trial court awarded the
marital residence, along with its attendant mortgage obligation, to Wife, noting that it
would be difficult for Wife and the children to relocate and that a comparable dwelling
place would cost more in rent than the monthly mortgage payment concerning the marital
residence.
Husband contends that the consequence of the trial court’s decision is to place
Husband “in hoc[k]” to Wife by means of the present mortgage on the marital residence.
Husband thus argues that the parties “are essentially in business together, where the
Husband relies on the Wife to pay the mortgage so that he remains credit-worthy.” Wife
contends that the trial court did not require the parties to jointly own any asset following
the divorce. Wife further asserts that the court did not err in awarding the marital
residence to Wife when there was sufficient proof that renting a comparable dwelling
would cost more than the monthly mortgage payment. We agree with Wife.
In a divorce action wherein a similar argument was advanced, this Court
explained:
Decisions regarding the division of marital property are fact-specific
and require consideration of many circumstances surrounding the property
and the parties. Downing v. Downing, No. M2010-00045-COA-R3-CV,
2011 WL 2418732, at *5 (Tenn. Ct. App. June 13, 2011). Trial courts have
broad discretion in fashioning an equitable division of marital property, and
appellate courts accord great weight to the trial court’s decision. Owens v.
Owens, 241 S.W.3d 478, 490 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2007). Wife does not cite
any caselaw on appeal to suggest that the trial court erred in making its
decision regarding the mortgage, and she does not suggest any specific
options for removing her name from the mortgage that appear to be feasible
under the circumstances.
In divorce proceedings, courts cannot disturb the rights of the
parties’ creditors to collect joint obligations from either or
both of the divorcing parties. Blake v. Amoco Fed. Credit
Union, 900 S.W.2d 108, 111 (Tex. App. 1995).
It is not uncommon in divorce cases to turn over the
ownership of a marital asset to one party while the parties
remain jointly liable for the debt associated with the asset.
While it is possible to order one party to make the monthly
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payments on a joint debt, the court cannot absolve the other
party from his or her liability to the creditor. It is also
unlikely that a creditor will readily agree to release a solvent
debtor simply because of a divorce. Thus, if the party who
has been ordered to make the monthly payments on a joint
debt defaults, the other party becomes responsible for the debt
and the late charges and runs the risk of damage to his or her
credit rating.
Courts and lawyers have devised several ways to
address this problem. The court may order, or the parties may
agree, that the person awarded the property will refinance it
or obtain a new loan in his or her own name and then use the
proceeds to pay off the existing joint debt. The court may
also order, or the parties may agree, that the property will be
owned jointly until a date certain when the property must
either be financed or sold. Finally, the parties or the courts
may include a “hold harmless” provision in the decree or
marital dissolution agreement in which the parties are
required to indemnify and hold each other harmless from any
and all future obligations stemming from ownership of the
property they receive.
Long v. McAllister-Long, 221 S.W.3d 1, 10 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2006). In the
absence of any other feasible alternatives, the trial court in this case opted
for the third option, ordering Husband to “indemnify and hold Wife
harmless from any debt associated with the marital residence.” We
recognize that neither Wife nor Husband is placed in an advantageous
situation. However, as the trial judge aptly stated, “a divorce doesn’t mean
a fresh start.” We cannot say that the trial court erred in its conclusion that
Wife must remain a co-borrower on the mortgage due to the parties’
financial constraints.
Henegar v. Henegar, No. M2015-01780-COA-R3-CV, 2016 WL 3675145, at *8 (Tenn.
Ct. App. June 29, 2016).
Similarly, in the case at bar, the evidence preponderated in favor of the trial
court’s finding that Wife would be unable to refinance the mortgage on the marital
residence in order to place the debt solely in her name due to her lack of employment
history. This fact alone does not, however, render the trial court’s distribution of marital
property inequitable considering the parties’ circumstances. Having thoroughly reviewed
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the trial court’s overall distribution of marital property in its entirety, we determine that
the distribution was equitable, including the trial court’s award of the marital residence to
Wife. The trial court properly considered the factors contained in Tennessee Code
Annotated § 36-4-121, and the court’s findings were supported by a preponderance of the
evidence.1 We note that when a party to a divorce appeals the trial court’s decision
1
Tennessee Code Annotated § 36-4-121 provides in pertinent part:
(c) In making equitable division of marital property, the court shall consider all
relevant factors including:
(1) The duration of the marriage;
(2) The age, physical and mental health, vocational skills, employability,
earning capacity, estate, financial liabilities and financial needs of each
of the parties;
(3) The tangible or intangible contribution by one (1) party to the education,
training or increased earning power of the other party;
(4) The relative ability of each party for future acquisitions of capital assets
and income;
(5)(A) The contribution of each party to the acquisition, preservation,
appreciation, depreciation or dissipation of the marital or separate
property, including the contribution of a party to the marriage as
homemaker, wage earner or parent, with the contribution of a party as
homemaker or wage earner to be given the same weight if each party has
fulfilled its role;
(B) For purposes of this subdivision (c)(5), dissipation of assets means
wasteful expenditures which reduce the marital property available for
equitable distributions and which are made for a purpose contrary to the
marriage either before or after a complaint for divorce or legal separation
has been filed.
(6) The value of the separate property of each party;
(7) The estate of each party at the time of the marriage;
(8) The economic circumstances of each party at the time the division of
property is to become effective;
(9) The tax consequences to each party, costs associated with the reasonably
foreseeable sale of the asset, and other reasonably foreseeable expenses
associated with the asset;
(10) The amount of social security benefits available to each spouse; and
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concerning a division of marital property and “wishes to focus on whether the division as
to particular assets was equitable rather than whether the overall property distribution was
equitable,” this Court will “decline to do so as the goal is an overall equitable marital
property distribution.” See Morton v. Morton, 182 S.W.3d 821, 834 (Tenn. Ct. App.
2005) (“It is not the role of this Court to tweak a trial court’s distribution of property.”).
We discern no error concerning the trial court’s marital property distribution in this
matter.
In accordance with this Court’s opinion in Henegar and based on the trial court’s
allocation of the debt encumbering the marital residence to Wife, we conclude that this is
a proper case in which to modify the trial court’s Final Decree to add a provision stating
that Wife will indemnify and hold Husband harmless from his obligation concerning the
mortgage on the marital residence until such time as the debt is paid in full or Wife is
able to refinance such debt in her sole name. See Henegar, 2016 WL 3675145, at *8.
We determine such a provision to be necessary and equitable in this matter, as well as
implicit in the trial court’s distribution of marital property and debt.
VI. Rehabilitative Alimony
Finally, Husband asserts that the trial court abused its discretion by awarding to
Wife rehabilitative alimony in the amount of $4,000.00 per month for a period of four
years.2 Husband presents three bases for his contention that the amount of alimony
awarded to Wife was erroneous: (1) Wife received a greater share of the marital estate,
(2) Wife presented inadequate proof of her need and Husband’s ability to pay the amount
awarded, and (3) the trial court erroneously considered Husband’s fault. We will address
each of these arguments in turn.
Concerning the type and amount of an alimony award, Tennessee Code Annotated
§ 36-5-121 (2017) provides in pertinent part:
(i) In determining whether the granting of an order for payment of
support and maintenance to a party is appropriate, and in
determining the nature, amount, length of term, and manner of
payment, the court shall consider all relevant factors, including:
(11) Such other factors as are necessary to consider the equities between the
parties.
2
We note that Husband does not take issue with the type of alimony awarded; rather, he has solely
questioned the amount of alimony awarded to Wife.
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(1) The relative earning capacity, obligations, needs, and
financial resources of each party, including income
from pension, profit sharing or retirement plans and all
other sources;
(2) The relative education and training of each party, the
ability and opportunity of each party to secure such
education and training, and the necessity of a party to
secure further education and training to improve such
party’s earnings capacity to a reasonable level;
(3) The duration of the marriage;
(4) The age and mental condition of each party;
(5) The physical condition of each party, including, but
not limited to, physical disability or incapacity due to a
chronic debilitating disease;
(6) The extent to which it would be undesirable for a party
to seek employment outside the home, because such
party will be custodian of a minor child of the
marriage;
(7) The separate assets of each party, both real and
personal, tangible and intangible;
(8) The provisions made with regard to the marital
property, as defined in § 36-4-121;
(9) The standard of living of the parties established during
the marriage;
(10) The extent to which each party has made such tangible
and intangible contributions to the marriage as
monetary and homemaker contributions, and tangible
and intangible contributions by a party to the
education, training or increased earning power of the
other party;
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(11) The relative fault of the parties, in cases where the
court, in its discretion, deems it appropriate to do so;
and
(12) Such other factors, including the tax consequences to
each party, as are necessary to consider the equities
between the parties.
In its Final Decree, the trial court thoroughly considered the above factors in light of the
evidence presented at trial, making specific factual findings with regard to each one.
Husband contends that the trial court should not have awarded alimony in the
amount of $4,000.00 per month to Wife because Wife received a greater share of the
marital estate. In its marital property distribution, the trial court awarded to Husband
assets valued at $36,520.00 while awarding to Wife assets valued at $50,600.00.
Although Wife did receive a slightly greater share of the marital estate (58% of the total
assets), the trial court expressly considered this allocation in its analysis of the statutory
factors related to spousal support. The trial court ultimately determined, however, that
the remaining alimony factors, most notably Husband’s significantly greater earning
capacity, weighed in favor of an award of rehabilitative alimony to Wife. We agree.
In addition to its specific factual findings regarding the above-listed factors, the
trial court further explained the following concerning its decision to award rehabilitative
alimony to Wife:
Husband has already paid for Wife’s schooling. Even when Wife
completes her training she will still have to obtain employment and that
may take some time. Further, even after Wife becomes employed, the
Court determines her salary will be significantly less than that of Husband’s
due to his experience. Wife is also the Primary Residential Parent (PRP) of
two boys under 4 years of age.
Based on our review of the evidence presented in light of the applicable statutory factors,
we conclude that the trial court’s award of rehabilitative alimony to Wife in the amount
of $4,000.00 per month was not erroneous simply because Wife received a slightly larger
share of the marital estate. We further note that Wife’s share of the marital estate
primarily consisted of non-liquid assets, including the equity in the marital residence and
her vehicle. By contrast, Husband’s share of the marital estate contained over $25,000.00
in liquid assets. We determine that Husband’s argument regarding the parties’ respective
shares of the marital estate and their effect on the court’s alimony decision is unavailing.
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Husband next contends that Wife presented inadequate proof of her need and
Husband’s ability to pay the amount of alimony awarded. Concerning this issue, the trial
court specifically found:
Husband has $9,800.00 in take home pay a month and claims he
needs $7,430.00 a month for his expenses. Wife claims she needs
$4,277.00 a month for her expenses. Husband’s counsel questioned Wife’s
hair salon expenses. Wife explained these were the same treatments she
received during the marriage. The amount of alimony should be
determined so that the party obtaining the divorce is not left in a worse
financial situation than he/she had before the other party’s misconduct
brought about the divorce. Broadbent v. Broadbent, 211 S.W.3d 216, 222
(Tenn. 2006). The Court finds the hair care expense is reasonable.
Wife testified that [M.B.] will attend a private school for pre-
kindergarten. Thus the disadvantaged spouse intends to spend $7,500.00 in
private school tuition for a 4 year old to attend pre-K. According to the
PPP that is Wife’s sole decision. The Court finds that $7,500 for pre-K for
one child while Wife will presumably be staying at home with the younger
child is extravagant. While Wife has not included the tuition as part of her
request for alimony, the Court wants to be clear that it is not including the
tuition as part of the alimony. The reality is that two persons living
separately incur more expenses than two persons living together. Kinard v.
Kinard, 986 S.W.2d 220, 234 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1998). Thus the reality is it
is unlikely the Parties will be able to maintain their pre-divorce lifestyle.
Id. Both Parties need to learn to live on a budget.
The Court finds that Husband’s expenses are not rationally based.
For example, Husband claims he needs more money for expenses related to
the Children than Wife does even though the PPP shows he only parents
Children 80 days a year. Husband also seeks double the amount of food
expense than Wife and a much greater recreation expense.
The Court finds Husband has take home pay of $9,800.00. He will
pay $1,782.00 a month in child support. That leaves him a net of
$8,018.00. His rent plus utilities is $1,620.00 a month leaving him a net of
$6,398.00. Thus the Court determines that Husband has the ability to pay
alimony. Wife must pay the mortgage of $1,785.00 plus utilities for a total
of $2,222.00 plus her health insurance at $600 a month for a total of
$2,822.00. Wife has no income so the Court determines the Wife needs
alimony. Wife is receiving a greater asset allocation. The youngest child
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will be in first grade in four years which is also half the duration of this
marriage. From all of which the Court concludes that Wife is entitled to an
award of rehabilitative alimony in the amount of $4,000.00 a month for a
period of four years commencing upon this Order becoming final.
The evidence presented at trial supports the trial court’s findings regarding Wife’s
need and Husband’s ability to pay. Husband’s income and expense statement
demonstrated that Husband had a monthly net income of $9,800.00 while Wife had no
income. At trial, Husband testified that his monthly rent was $1,420.00 and his utility
expenses were approximately $70.00 per month. Husband listed other expenses for
himself and the children on his statement, including $1,200.00 per month for food;
$900.00 per month for clothing; and $900.00 per month for recreation. As the trial court
observed, Husband’s listed expenses appeared to be greatly inflated, especially when
compared with those listed by Wife, even when considering that Wife’s listed expenses,
other than housing and utilities, were solely for herself and not the children.
Although Wife was attending classes in design and front-end programming at the
time of trial, she did not expect to graduate for approximately ten months. Wife testified
that she was unsure of what her expected salary would be following graduation because
of her lack of work experience. Furthermore, as the trial court noted, Wife was
designated the primary residential parent of the parties’ children, who were only two and
three years of age at the time of trial and thus would not be of school age for at least two
to three more years. This fact could also impact Wife’s employability during that
timeframe or cause her to incur greater expenses for child care.
Based on the evidence presented, we conclude that the trial court did not err in its
determination that Wife demonstrated a need for and Husband had the ability to pay an
award of rehabilitative alimony in the amount of $4,000.00 per month for four years. As
the trial court stated, Husband’s net monthly income minus his child support, rent, and
utility expenses would leave Husband with approximately $6,398.00 per month to cover
other living expenses. Wife claimed a need for $4,277.00 per month without
consideration of food, clothing, and other miscellaneous expenses for the children. As
such, we determine that the trial court’s award of $4,000.00 per month in rehabilitative
alimony was supported by a preponderance of the evidence.
Husband further contends that the trial court erred by considering his marital fault
in its analysis of the spousal support issue. Tennessee Code Annotated § 36-5-121(i)(11)
instructs that the trial court may consider the “relative fault of the parties, in cases where
the court, in its discretion, deems it appropriate to do so” when making a determination
regarding alimony. In this case, the trial court stated concerning this factor:
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Husband admitted to four extra[-]marital affairs. The Court finds the
Husband’s infidelity caused the demise of the marriage. The Court deems
it appropriate to consider fault in awarding alimony.
Although fault may properly be considered in the alimony analysis, alimony “is
not and never has been intended by our legislature to be punitive.” See Lancaster v.
Lancaster, 671 S.W.2d 501, 503 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1984). Need and ability to pay are “the
most important considerations in determining spousal support.” See Gonsewski, 350
S.W.3d at 110. Having concluded that the trial court properly analyzed Wife’s need for
alimony and Husband’s ability to pay spousal support, we do not find the court’s
consideration of fault to be inappropriate. The court analyzed the proof regarding
Husband’s fault as merely one factor in its determination. We therefore conclude that the
court’s alimony decision was not punitive. See Acosta v. Acosta, 499 S.W.3d 785, 792
(Tenn. Ct. App. 2016), perm. app. denied (Tenn. Sept. 23, 2016) (determining that the
lower court had not “placed such a heavy emphasis on Husband’s fault that the judgment
was thereby rendered punitive”). See also Kanka v. Kanka, No. M2016-01807-COA-R3-
CV, 2018 WL 565841, at *7 (Tenn. Ct. App. Jan. 25, 2018).
Furthermore, having determined that the trial court properly analyzed the
applicable statutory factors and the evidence presented at trial with regard to its award of
rehabilitative alimony to Wife, we conclude that the trial court’s award of $4,000.00 per
month in rehabilitative alimony should be affirmed.
VII. Attorney’s Fees on Appeal
Wife’s sole issue concerns whether she should be granted an award of attorney’s
fees and expenses incurred on appeal. Wife contends that due to the significant income
disparity existing between Husband’s income and her own, she has no ability to pay the
attorney’s fees she has incurred in defending against Husband’s appeal.
As this Court has previously elucidated:
Our supreme court has defined the factors that should be applied when
considering a request for attorney fees incurred on appeal. These factors
include the ability of the requesting party to pay the accrued fees, the
requesting party’s success in the appeal, whether the requesting party
sought the appeal in good faith, and any other equitable factor that need be
considered. See Folk v. Folk, 357 S.W.2d 828, 829 (Tenn. 1962).
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Stratienko v. Stratienko, 529 S.W.3d 389, 413 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2017), perm. app. denied
(Aug. 16, 2017) (quoting Dulin v. Dulin, No. W2001-02969-COA-R3-CV, 2003 WL
22071454, at *10 (Tenn. Ct. App. Sept. 3, 2003)).
In this matter, Wife was allocated few liquid assets in the trial court’s equitable
distribution of marital property, and she has no means of support other than the monthly
payments of alimony and child support from Husband. Therefore, Wife has insufficient
assets from which to pay the attorney’s fees she has incurred in defending against
Husband’s appeal. We also note that although we have determined that a slight
modification to the trial court’s Final Decree is necessary and appropriate in this matter,
Husband has not been successful regarding the substantive issues he raised on appeal.
We therefore conclude that this is a proper action in which to award Wife her reasonable
attorney’s fees incurred on appeal. We remand this issue to the trial court for a
determination of the appropriate amount of such award.
VIII. Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the trial court’s judgment in its entirety,
modifying the trial court’s Final Decree to add a provision stating that Wife will
indemnify and hold Husband harmless from his obligation concerning the mortgage on
the marital residence until such time as the debt is paid in full or Wife is able to refinance
such debt in her sole name. We also grant Wife’s request for an award of attorney’s fees
incurred on appeal and remand this matter to the trial court for a determination of the
appropriate amount of such award and for enforcement of the trial court’s judgment.
Costs on appeal are assessed against the appellant, Tyler Matthew Brown.
_________________________________
THOMAS R. FRIERSON, II, JUDGE
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