The opinion
[Cite as Rhea v. Rhea, 2017-Ohio-4141.]
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF OHIO
TENTH APPELLATE DISTRICT
Damita J. Rhea, :
Plaintiff-Appellee, :
No. 16AP-609
v. : (C.P.C. No. 99DR-11-4751)
Virgil C. Rhea, III, : (REGULAR CALENDAR)
Defendant-Appellant. :
D E C I S I O N
Rendered on June 6, 2017
On brief: Robert R. Goldstein, for appellee.
Argued: Robert R. Goldstein.
On brief: Virgil C. Rhea, III, pro se. Argued: Virgil C.
Rhea, III.
APPEAL from the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas,
Division of Domestic Relations, Juvenile Branch
SADLER, J.
{¶ 1} Defendant-appellant, Virgil C. Rhea, III, appeals from the judgment entry of
the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas, Division of Domestic Relations, Juvenile
Branch, adopting a magistrate decision to grant in part a motion for contempt filed by
plaintiff-appellee, Damita J. Rhea. For the following reasons, we affirm the decision of
the trial court.
I. FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
{¶ 2} The parties divorced in January 2001. The judgment entry and decree of
divorce ("divorce decree") ordered appellant to pay spousal support to appellee in the
amount of $1 per month, effective September 7, 2000, and awarded appellee half of
No. 16AP-609 2
appellant's civil service retirement account. The divorce decree required the spousal
support withheld from appellant's income and required both parties to "cooperate in
preparation and execution of QDRO [qualified domestic relations order] and/or COAP
[court order acceptable for processing]" to effectuate the division of the retirement
benefits. (Jgmt. Entry and Decree of Divorce at 8.)
{¶ 3} In January 2014, appellee filed a COAP in anticipation of appellant's
retirement; the signature line for appellant reads "[s]ubmitted but not approved." (COAP
at 4.) The plan administrator did not accept the COAP. On approximately April 1, 2014,
appellant retired and began to receive monthly payments from his retirement account. In
September 2014, appellee filed an amended COAP with the signature line for appellant
again reading "[s]ubmitted but not approved." (Am. COAP at 5.) The plan administrator
accepted the amended COAP, and appellee began to receive a share of appellant's
retirement benefits in January 2015.
{¶ 4} On May 15, 2015, appellant filed a Civ.R. 60(B) motion for relief from
judgment asking for relief from the issued COAP. In the motion, appellant asserted that
he never received the COAP and that the percentage of pension benefits allocated to
appellee was incorrect per the language of the divorce decree. The trial court later denied
the motion finding that appellant did receive a copy of the COAP, and the COAP
comported with the divorce decree.
{¶ 5} On June 19, 2015, appellee filed a motion for contempt and attorney fees.
In the motion, appellee alleged that appellant violated the divorce decree in making no
payments on his spousal support obligation and in not providing appellee with her full
share of the retirement account. Before a hearing on the matter, the parties stipulated
that appellant received $15,120 in retirement benefits for the time period between when
he retired and when appellee began receiving payments, April 1 to December 1, 2014, and
that as of March 2016, he owed spousal support of $171, plus processing charges.
{¶ 6} At the hearing on March 30, 2016, appellant admitted that he has not paid
any spousal support since January 2002 and said his one attempt to pay the support
obligation through the clerk was unsuccessful. Appellant additionally testified that he
began to receive retirement benefits in April 2014, discovered that appellee was not
getting her share in August of the same year, and did not pay appellee any portion of the
No. 16AP-609 3
benefits. Appellant presented two defenses: that he believed he had done all that was
required of him and that he was unable to pay.
{¶ 7} The magistrate granted appellee's motion, finding appellant in contempt for
his failure to pay spousal support and for failing to cooperate in the preparation of a
QDRO or COAP by refusing to sign the two COAPs. While noting that the finding of
contempt was not based on appellant failing to pay appellee her share of retirement
benefits directly, the magistrate indicated that under the divorce degree appellant
nonetheless owed appellee for her share of the retirement benefits he retained between
the months of April and December 2014. As a result, the magistrate sentenced appellant
to a term of incarceration of seven days and permitted appellant to purge himself of
contempt and avoid incarceration by paying appellee the past due spousal support ($171),
appellee's share of retirement benefits from the period April to December 2014 ($15,120),
and attorney fees and expenses ($2,500), payable in monthly payments of no less than
$500.
{¶ 8} Appellant did not file objections to the magistrate's decision. The trial court
judge, finding no error of law or other defect on the face of the magistrate's decision,
adopted the magistrate's decision on August 1, 2016. Appellant filed a timely appeal to
this court.
II. ASSIGNMENTS OF ERROR
{¶ 9} Appellant presents three assignments of error:
I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN GRANTING PLAINTIFF'S
MOTION OF CONTEMPT FOR FAILURE TO PAY HIS
SPOUSAL SUPPORT IN THAT THE COURTS HELD
JURISTION [sic] AND SHOULD HAVE WITHELD [sic] OR
DEDUCTED FROM THE INCOME OR ASSETS OF THE
DEFENDANT.
II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN GRANTING THE
ATTORNEY FEES IN THAT THE PLAINTIFFS ACTIONS
WERE IN RETAILIATION [sic] AND NOT BECAUSE OF
ACTUAL DAMAGE TO PLAINTIFF.
III. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN GRANTING THE
MOTION OF CONTEMPT FOR NOT SIGNING TWO COAP'S
THAT WERE NOT IN ACCORDANCE WITH OHIO
REVISED CODE 3105.171.
No. 16AP-609 4
III. STANDARD OF REVIEW
{¶ 10} An appellant's failure to object to a magistrate's decision waives all but plain
error review on appeal. Hamilton v. Hamilton, 10th Dist. No. 14AP-1061, 2016-Ohio-
5900, ¶ 6, citing Lavelle v. Lavelle, 10th Dist. No. 12AP-159, 2012-Ohio-6197, ¶ 8, and
Civ.R. 53(D)(3)(b). As provided in Hamilton:
"[I]n appeals of civil cases, the plain error doctrine is not
favored and may be applied only in the extremely rare case
involving exceptional circumstances where error seriously
affects the basic fairness, integrity, or public reputation of the
judicial process itself." Uretsky v. Uretsky, 10th Dist. No.
02AP-1011, 2003-Ohio-1455, ¶ 7, citing Goldfuss v. Davidson,
79 Ohio St.3d 116, 1997 Ohio 401, 679 N.E.2d 1099 (1997),
syllabus. "Indeed, the plain error doctrine implicates errors in
the judicial process where the error is clearly apparent on the
face of the record and is prejudicial to the appellant." Skydive
Columbus Ohio, LLC v. Litter, 10th Dist. No. 09AP-563, 2010-
Ohio-3325, ¶ 13, citing Reichert v. Ingersoll, 18 Ohio St.3d
220, 223, 18 Ohio B. 281, 480 N.E.2d 802 (1985). " 'Plain
error does not exist unless it can be said that but for the error,
the outcome of the trial would clearly have been otherwise.' "
In re C.M., 10th Dist. No. 07AP-933, 2008-Ohio-2977, ¶ 50,
quoting State v. Moreland, 50 Ohio St.3d 58, 62, 552 N.E.2d
894 (1990).
Id. at ¶ 8.
{¶ 11} Where a party waives all but plain error by failing to object to a magistrate's
decision, pursuant to Civ.R. 53(D)(3)(b), and then fails to assert plain error in his or her
assignments of error on appeal, an appellate court may, but is not obligated to, address
those issues in the interest of justice. Id. at ¶ 9-11, 17, 29, citing App.R. 12(A)(1)(b) and In
re Estate of Taris, 10th Dist. No. 04AP-1264, 2005-Ohio-1516, ¶ 5.
IV. DISCUSSION
{¶ 12} Initially, we note that appellant has not asserted that the trial court
committed plain error in any of his assignments of error. As such, it is not necessary for
us to address appellant's assignments of error. Hamilton at ¶ 9, 17. In the interest of
justice, we nevertheless consider appellant's arguments and find no error that is "clearly
apparent on the face of the record and is prejudicial to the appellant." Skydive Columbus
Ohio, LLC v. Litter, 10th Dist. No. 09AP-563, 2010-Ohio-3325, ¶ 13.
No. 16AP-609 5
{¶ 13} Under the first and third assignments of error, appellant contends the trial
court erred in granting appellee's motion for contempt. "Contempt of court 'results when
a party before a court disregards or disobeys an order or command of judicial authority,'
or otherwise acts in a way that 'substantially disrupt[s] the judicial process in a particular
case.' " Cox v. Cox, 10th Dist. No. 14AP-490, 2015-Ohio-1660, ¶ 20, quoting Byron v.
Byron, 10th Dist. No. 03AP-819, 2004-Ohio-2143, ¶ 11. In domestic cases, "[e]stablishing
a prior court order and evidence of nonpayment according to its terms makes a prima
facie case of civil contempt." Grosz v. Grosz, 10th Dist. No. 04AP-716, 2005-Ohio-985,
¶ 18, citing Rossen v. Rossen, 2 Ohio App.2d 381 (9th Dist.1964); Nielsen v. Meeker, 112
Ohio App.3d 448 (8th Dist.1996). Cox at ¶ 22 ("the complainant bears the initial burden
of demonstrating by clear and convincing evidence the other party has violated a court
order"). "The burden then shifts to the party opposing the motion to establish a defense
for nonpayment." Grosz at ¶ 18, citing Rossen at 384.
{¶ 14} In his first assignment of error, appellant states that the court retained
jurisdiction to modify the support award, that the divorce decree required the spousal
support award withheld from his income or assets, and that he paid the $171 back. These
statements do not support a finding of plain error arising out of the trial court's
determination of contempt based on failure to pay spousal support. First, we find no
compelling reason for the trial court to have exercised its continuing jurisdiction to
modify the spousal support in this case. Second, appellant's general statement about the
divorce decree requiring the support payment withheld from his income does not clearly
establish a defense to contempt. Third, appellant stipulated at the hearing to nonpayment
of spousal support. Appellant's alleged repayment of the amount due in spousal support
after the judgment at issue, while possibly relevant as one of several steps to purging
himself of contempt under the terms stated by in the magistrate's decision, does not
support reversal of the trial court's finding of contempt as reviewed here on appeal.
Therefore, on this record, we find no plain error under the first assignment of error.
{¶ 15} Appellant further challenges the contempt finding in the third assignment
of error by asserting that the trial court erred in determining appellant failed to cooperate
in the preparation and execution of the COAPs. He asserts that the COAPs did not comply
No. 16AP-609 6
with statutory requirements and that "cooperation was lacking on both sides" because
appellee was aware that he was allegedly under medical and psychological care due to
coping with multiple family health problems. (Appellant's Brief at 8.) We note that
although appellant states now that his reason for not signing the COAPs is due to the lack
of statutory compliance, the record shows that his position on this issue has changed. He
initially asserted that he never received a copy of the COAP prior to it being submitted to
the court, and in his motion for relief from judgment, he took issue only with the COAPs
adherence to the divorce decree. In denying his motion for relief from judgment, the trial
court found that he did receive the COAP, and he did not contest that finding. On appeal,
appellant also seems to admit that he did not cooperate and acknowledges that his family
problems are not an excuse. Considering all the above, we find no plain error in the trial
court's decision to base a finding of contempt on appellant's lack of cooperation in
preparing and executing the COAPs as ordered in the divorce decree.
{¶ 16} In his second assignment of error, appellant challenges the trial court's
award of attorney fees. According to appellant, such an award was in error as appellee's
"actions were made in retaliation" rather than actual damages. (Appellant's Brief at 7.)
Appellant takes issue with the fact that appellee never asked the trial court about support
prior to filing contempt charges and characterizes appellee's filing of the motion for
contempt and interrogatories as an attempt to drain his financial resources.
{¶ 17} "The trial court has discretion to award attorney fees in contempt
proceedings." Grosz at ¶ 24. R.C. 3105.18(G) provides that if a party is found in contempt
for failing to pay ordered spousal support, the court "shall require the person to pay any
reasonable attorney's fees of any adverse party, as determined by the court, that arose in
relation to the act of contempt." R.C. 3105.73(B) states that a court may award reasonable
attorney fees associated with a post-decree motion arising from a divorce proceeding "if
the court finds the award equitable. In determining whether an award is equitable, the
court may consider the parties' income, the conduct of the parties, and any other relevant
factors the court deems appropriate, but it may not consider the parties' assets."
{¶ 18} Our review of the record shows no evidence of retaliation by appellee.
Moreover, the trial court's finding of contempt on the basis of appellant's admitted failure
to pay spousal support and his lack of cooperation in preparing and executing the COAPs
No. 16AP-609 7
supports the trial court's granting of attorney fees pursuant to R.C. 3105.18(G) and
3105.73(B). As such, we find no error, let alone plain error, to support appellant's
arguments regarding attorney fees.
{¶ 19} Accordingly, appellant's first, second, and third assignments of error are
overruled.
V. CONCLUSION
{¶ 20} Having overruled appellant's three assignments of error, we affirm the
judgment of the Franklin County Court of Common Pleas, Division of Domestic Relations,
Juvenile Branch.
Judgment affirmed.
DORRIAN and HORTON, JJ., concur.
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