framing the appropriate inquiry as whether the district court was “incorrect in its conclusion that [the prison official’s] misconduct report reasonably advanced a legitimate correctional goal”
How later courts described this case
- framing the appropriate inquiry as whether the district court was “incorrect in its conclusion that [the prison official’s] misconduct report reasonably advanced a legitimate correctional goal”
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FILED
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
APR 18 2017
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
MICHAEL JAMES EVANS, No. 16-35187
Plaintiff-Appellant, D.C. No. 3:11-cv-00272-ST
v.
MEMORANDUM*
JAMES DEACON, T.R.C.I.; GREG
JONES, Housing Officer; GENELLE
MACKEY; GUY HALL; DOUG
ABBOTT; JOSE OLVERA,
Defendants-Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the District of Oregon
Janice M. Stewart, Magistrate Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted April 5, 2017
Pasadena, California
Before: CLIFTON and OWENS, Circuit Judges, and ANTOON,** District Judge.
Plaintiff-Appellant Michael Evans appeals the district court’s order
dismissing two of his claims against prison officials and granting summary
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
**
The Honorable John Antoon II, United States District Judge for the
Middle District of Florida, sitting by designation.
judgment to a prison official as to a third claim. He also appeals the district court’s
order denying him leave to amend his complaint. We affirm in part, reverse in
part, and remand.
1. We affirm the district court’s dismissal of Evans’s procedural due
process challenge to his transfer to the Snake River Correctional Institute’s
Administrative Segregation Unit. At the time of Evans’s transfer on October 6,
2010, it was not clearly established that transferring an inmate for an indefinite
period into a housing unit with conditions that were atypical to the degree that
SRCIASU conditions allegedly differed from Oregon’s baseline prison conditions
would, without more, constitute an “atypical and significant hardship . . . in
relation to the ordinary incidents of prison life.” Sandin v. Conner, 515 U.S. 472,
484 (1995); cf. Wilkinson v. Austin, 545 U.S. 209, 224 (2005) (identifying an
atypical and significant hardship in an indefinite transfer to a facility that, in
addition to having harsh conditions, also disqualified its inmates from parole
consideration). Accordingly, it was not clearly established that Evans had a liberty
interest protected by the Due Process Clause in avoiding such a transfer. See
Sandin, 515 U.S. at 484. Because Defendants did not have fair warning of any
liberty interest Evans may have possessed regarding the transfer, Defendants were
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entitled to qualified immunity. Serrano v. Francis, 345 F.3d 1071, 1077 (9th Cir.
2003).
2. We also affirm the district court’s dismissal of Evans’s Eighth
Amendment failure to protect claim against Defendant Greg Jones. To state a
failure to protect claim, an inmate must allege “that he is incarcerated under
conditions posing a substantial risk of serious harm” and that the defendant prison
official acted with “‘deliberate indifference’ to inmate health or safety.” Farmer
v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 834 (1994) (quoting Wilson v. Seiter, 501 U.S. 294, 302
(1991)). The facts alleged in Evans’s complaint, which was prepared with the
assistance of pro bono counsel, were insufficient to move his claim over the line
from alleging “a risk of some harm to a substantial risk of serious harm.” See
Estate of Ford v. Ramirez-Palmer, 301 F.3d 1043, 1051 (9th Cir. 2002).
Although the district court analyzed Jones’s motion to dismiss this claim in
the same section of its order in which it analyzed Evans’s motion for summary
judgment, contrary to Evans’s assertions, the district court did not apply the
summary judgment standard to the motion to dismiss. Evans also asserts that he
should have been given leave to amend this claim, but he points to nothing in the
record suggesting that he ever sought leave to amend the claim, and, regardless, the
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single amendment he proposes in his brief would still be insufficient to state a
claim.
3. The district court erred in granting Defendant Jose Olvera’s motion
for summary judgment on Evans’s First Amendment retaliation claim as it related
to the misconduct report that Olvera filed on December 8, 2011, in response to the
grievance that Evans sent to Captain Boston on December 7, 2011, in which Evans
described Olvera in disrespectful terms. To succeed on a retaliation claim, a
prisoner must demonstrate, among other things, that a prison official’s allegedly
retaliatory “action ‘did not reasonably advance a legitimate correctional goal.’”
Brodheim v. Cry, 584 F.3d 1262, 1271 (9th Cir. 2009) (quoting Rhodes v.
Robinson, 408 F.3d 559, 568 (9th Cir.2005)). The district court held that Evans
was unable to prove this element of his claim because it determined that keeping
disrespectful language out of prison grievances was a legitimate correctional goal.
However, in 2009, we held that prohibiting disrespectful language in a
prisoner’s written grievance does not reasonably advance a legitimate correctional
goal, at least when the grievance is sent to someone other than the guard toward
whom the prisoner exhibits disrespect. Brodheim, 584 F.3d at 1272–73. We
reached a similar conclusion in an earlier case dealing with the same Oregon prison
rule that Evans was found to have violated by describing Olvera in disrespectful
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terms. Bradley v. Hall, 64 F.3d 1276, 1278–81 (9th Cir. 1995). Therefore, the
district court was incorrect in its conclusion that Olvera’s misconduct report
reasonably advanced a legitimate correctional goal.
Olvera asks us to affirm the district court on the alternate grounds that
Evans’s grievance was not a communication protected by the First Amendment
because he transmitted the grievance on an “inmate communication form” instead
of a formal grievance form. However, “[t]he First Amendment guarantees a
prisoner a right to seek redress of grievances from prison authorities,” even outside
of formal grievance proceedings. Jones v. Williams, 791 F.3d 1023, 1035–36 (9th
Cir. 2015). This guarantee was clearly established prior to the events in question.
See Austin v. Terhune, 367 F.3d 1167, 1169–71 (9th Cir. 2004). Accordingly, we
reverse the district court’s grant of summary judgment to Olvera on Evans’s
retaliation claim as it relates to the events of December 2011. We remand for
further proceedings on this claim, as to which Olvera will be the only remaining
defendant.
4. The district court did not abuse its discretion when, just as the case
was drawing to a close after years of litigation, it denied Evans’s motion for leave
to file a supplemental complaint that would have added eight claims and seventeen
defendants to the case. Leadsinger, Inc. v. BMG Music Publ’g, 512 F.3d 522, 532
5
(9th Cir. 2008) (“The decision of whether to grant leave to amend [is] within the
discretion of the district court, which may deny leave to amend due to ‘undue
delay, bad faith or dilatory motive on the part of the movant, . . . [or] futility of
amendment.’” (quoting Foman v. Davis, 371 U.S. 178, 182 (1962))). Regardless,
the damages allegations Evans seeks to add to his procedural due process claim
would be futile in light of our affirmance of the dismissal of that claim.
5. Evans’s contention that the district court judgment should be reversed
due to the absence from the record of exhibits that the district court reviewed in
camera is meritless. Evans does not claim that he even asked Defendants to
provide the exhibits for transmission to the Court pursuant to Ninth Circuit Rule
27-14. Furthermore, he has not demonstrated that any “defect in the record
materially affects the ability of the appeals court to review the alleged error.” See
Bergerco, U.S.A. v. Shipping Corp. of India, 896 F.2d 1210, 1217 (9th Cir. 1990).
Each party will bear his own costs.
AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART, AND REMANDED.
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