reiterating the two-prong analysis in qualified immunity cases: (1) whether the official’s conducted violated a constitutional right; and (2) whether that right was “clearly established” at the time of the violation
How later courts described this case
- reiterating the two-prong analysis in qualified immunity cases: (1) whether the official’s conducted violated a constitutional right; and (2) whether that right was “clearly established” at the time of the violation
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
FILED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
MAR 09 2017
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
DAREN GREEN, husband individually No. 14-35610
and on behalf of minor child; et al.,
D.C. No. 6:12-cv-00062-DLC
Plaintiffs-Appellants,
v. MEMORANDUM*
HEIDI LUTZ, individually, and as a State
social worker; et al.,
Defendants-Appellees.
DAREN GREEN, husband individually No. 14-35643
and on behalf of minor child; et al.,
D.C. No. 6:12-cv-00062-DLC
Plaintiffs-Appellees,
v.
HEIDI LUTZ, individually, and as a State
social worker and DOROTHY FILSON,
individually and as a DPHHS employee,
Defendants-Appellants.
Appeal from the United States District Court
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
for the District of Montana
Dana L. Christensen, Chief Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted February 7, 2017
Seattle, Washington
Before: PAEZ and CALLAHAN, Circuit Judges, and ENGLAND,** District
Judge.
Daren and Michelle Green, and their minor daughter, E.G. (referred to
collectively as the “Greens”), appeal from a jury verdict holding that the Montana
Department of Public Health and Human Services (the “Department”) and its
employees did not deprive the Greens of their right to family unity during the two-
and-a-half years that E.G. was removed from her parents’ custody. On appeal, the
Greens assert that the district court abused its discretion in allowing Dr. Jenny and
Sarah Corbally to testify, and in restricting the use of a state court decision on
cross-examination. Two Department employees, Heidi Lutz and Dorothy Filson,
cross-appeal from the district court’s denial of qualified immunity. We affirm the
jury verdict and therefore need not, and do not, address the cross-appeal.
The Greens have not shown that the district court abused its discretion in
allowing Dr. Jenny and Sarah Corbally to testify as expert witnesses. A decision to
admit or exclude expert testimony is reviewed for abuse of discretion. Valdivia v.
**
The Honorable Morrison C. England, Jr., United States District Judge
for the Eastern District of California, sitting by designation.
2
Schwarzenegger, 599 F.3d 984, 993–94 (9th Cir. 2010); Sullivan v. U.S. Dept. of
Navy, 365 F.3d 827, 832 (9th Cir. 2004). Lutz and Filson were alleged to have
violated the Greens’ fundamental right to family association. At issue, was
whether Lutz and Filson acted with deliberate indifference. Accordingly, Lutz and
Filson were entitled to present evidence, through their experts, that they were not
deliberately indifferent—i.e., that it was reasonable for them to think that E.G. had
been medically abused, that her health improved when she was removed from her
parents, and that they properly handled the treatment plans while E.G. was in state
custody. As such, the district court did not abuse its discretion in admitting the
testimony of Dr. Jenny and Sarah Corbally. See Kirkpatrick v. Cty. of Washoe, 843
F.3d 784, 788 (9th Cir. 2016) (reiterating the two-prong analysis in qualified
immunity cases: (1) whether the official’s conducted violated a constitutional right;
and (2) whether that right was “clearly established” at the time of the violation).
The Greens have not shown that the district court abused its discretion in not
allowing the Greens to use the state court’s December 14, 2007 Order in cross-
examination. “Decisions limiting the scope of cross-examination are reviewed for
an abuse of discretion.” Dorn v. Burlington N. Santa Fe R.R. Co., 397 F.3d 1183,
1192 (9th Cir. 2005). Many, if not most, of the witnesses’ references were to prior
state court orders and not the state court’s December 14, 2007, Order. That Order,
3
which denied the Department’s petition to terminate parental rights, did not
determine whether the Department had proceeded in good faith. The Greens have
not shown that the district court abused its discretion in allowing testimony about
what the state court judge did, but limiting references to the state court’s December
14, 2007 Order.
The jury verdict is AFFIRMED, and the cross-appeal is dismissed as moot.
4