The opinion
Office of tfy Bttornep Qhmeral
&date of ?Itexae
DAN MORALES February 19,1992
ATTORNN
GENELAL
Mr. Lionel R Meno Opinion No. DM-93
Commissioner of Education
Texas Bducation Agency Re: Constitutionality of Rider 30
1701 North Congress Avenue to the Genera) Appropriations Bill
Austin, Texas 78704-1494 for the 1991-1992biennium
(W-184)
Dear Commissioner Meno:
You have requested our opinion regarding the constitutionality of Rider 30
to the appropriation to the Central Education Agency contained in the General
Appropriations Bill for the 1991-1992 biennium. H.B. 1. Acts 1991, 72d Leg., 1st
C.S., ch. 19, at 785-86. Rider 30 ostensibly establishes procurement guidelines for
school districts making certain purchases with appropriated funds. You have
concluded, and are so advising school districts, that Rider. 30 violates article LB,
section 35, of the Texas Constitution. We agree.
Article BI, section 35, of the constitution provides the following in pertinent
part:
(a) No bill, (except gene& appropriationsbilk, which may
embrace the vwious subjects and accounts, for wzd on account of
which moneys are oppropkzted) shall contain more than one
subject. (Emphasis added.)
The appropriation of funds from the state treasury is considered a single subject for
purposes of this provision. Jawen Rrroc, Inc. v. Bullock. 531 S.W.2d 593,600 (Tex.
1975) (and cases cited therein).
Attorney General opinion JM-1151 (1990) summarized the application of
section 35(a) to appropriations act riders as foknvs:
A valid rider may limit, detail, or restrict the use of
appropriated funds. Attorney General Opinion V-1254 (1951).
p. 466
Mr. Lionel R. Meno - Page 2 (DM-93)
A rider that qualifies or directs the use of appropriated funds or
that is merely incidental to an appropriation is valid. m
Assoc.., u at 599. So, too, is a rider that merely imple-
ments or is declarative of existing general law. & Attorney
General Opinions JM-786 (1987); JM-343 (1985).
A rider may not, however, embody matters of general
legislation. Moore v. Sheppard, 192 S.W.2d 559 (Tex. 1946); s
& Attorney General Opinions MW-585 (1982); MW-51
(1979). A rider that attempts to alter existing substantive law is
a matter of general legislation that may not be included in a
general appropriations act. &t&e v. Court of Appe&, 704
S.W.2d 746 (Tex. 1986). Thus, a rider that amends, modifies,
repeals, or contlicts with existing general law or that attempts to
nullify a constitutional provision other than article III, section
35, is invalid. ss;?; &d; Linden v. Finley, 49 S.W. 578 (Tex. 1899);
&X &Q Attorney General Opinions JM-885 (1988); H-1158
(1978); M-1199 (1972); V-1254 (1951).
Attorney General Opinion JM-115 1 at 5-6.
Under these standards, Rider 30 is clearly invalid. Section 21.901 of the
Education Code states that except as otherwise provided therein, all contracts
valued at $10,000 or more for (1) the purchase of personal property, (2) the
construction, maintenance, repair or renovation of buildings, or (3) for materials
used in those efforts must be submitted to competitive bidding. Educ. Code
3 21.901(a), (b). Maintenance is defined to include supervision of custodial, plant
operations, maintenance, and ground services personnel. Id. subset. (b).
Section 21.901 provides limited exceptions to its competitive bidding
requirement. Contracts for professional services are not subject to competitive
bidding. See id. 5 21.901(c); Attorney General Opinion JM-940 (1988). Neither are
contracts for the replacement of buildings or equipment destroyed or severely
damaged if the time delay caused by the bidding process would prevent or
substantially impair the conduct of classes or other’essential school functions. Educ.
Code 0 21.901(e). A school’ board may purchase specifically enumerated items
without resort to competitive bidding when the items are available from only one
source, id subset. (g), and it may purchase computers and related equipment
through the state General Services Commission (formerly the State Purchasing and
p. 467
Mr. Lionel R. Meno - Page 3 (DM-93)
General Services Commission), id subset. (f). In addition, contracts for energy con-
servation services or equipment may be awarded pursuant to competitive proposal
procedures rather than competitive bidding. Id. 3 21.9012(g). Violations of the
competitive bidding requirement of section 21.901(a) and (b) are punishable as a
Class B misdemeanor. Id. 5 21.9011(c).
Rider 30 does not merely limit, detail, or restrict the use of funds
appropriated by the General Appropriations Bill. Rather, it professes to require
school districts receiving appropriated funds to take certain affirmative steps in the
procurement of specified items. It is thus an attempt to amend section 21.901 and
enact general law in contravention of article III, section 35(a), of the constitution.
Rider 30 provides the following in part:
Purchases made by a school district with funds appropriated by
this Act shall be made according to the following conditions:
a. Except as provided by statute, all contracts.. . for the
purchase of any personal property, except produce or vehicle
fuel, shall be submitted to competitive bidding for each of the
six-month periods beginning September 1 and March 1 when
said property is valued at $25,000 or more.
b. Except as provided by statute, ^ all. contracts.. . . for the.
construction, maintenance, repair or renovation of any building
or for materials used in [such endeavors] shall be submitted to
competitive bidding when said contracts are valued at $25,000 or
more. In this section, maintenance includes supervision of
custodial, plant operations, maintenance, and ground services
personnel. However, this section does not apply to the construc-
tion, maintenance, repair, or renovation of any building ~per-
formed by a professional custodial and/or maintenance manage-
ment company [that is selected on a competitive basis].
c. A school district shall purchase personal property for each of
the six month periods beginning September 1 and March 1 as
provided in sections (d) and (e) below if the value of the
property is at least $10,000 but less than $25,000, unless the
p. 468
Mr. Lionel R. Meno - Page 4 (DM-93)
district elects to submit a contract for the purchase to
competitive bidding.
Acts 1991,72d Leg., 1st C.S., ch. 19, at 785-86.
These provisions may be construed to enact exceptions to competitive
bidding that are not expressly recognized under section 21.901. Paragraph (a)
provides apparent exceptions for produce and vehicle fuel contracts valued at
$25,000 or more. Produce and vehicle fuel constitute personal property, contracts
for the purchase of which are subject to the competitive bidding requirement of
section 21.901(a) when valued at $10,080 or more. See Attorney General Opinion
DM-14 (1991) (section 21.901 applies to contracts for the purchase of consumable
items such as food). Both provisions also require personal property purchase
contracts to be made for six-month periods, a requirement not found in section
21.901 or elsewhere in the Education Code.1
Paragraph (b), meanwhile, offers a comparable exception for construction,
maintenance, repair and renovation contracts valued at between $10,000 and
$25,000. In addition, it excepts “professional” custodial and maintenance manage-
ment contracts from competitive bidding altogether, services which arguably would
otherwise be subject to competitive bidding under section 21.901(b). See Educ.
Code $?21.901(b) (“maintenance” includes supervision of custodial, maintenance,
and ground services personnel). Because paragraphs (a) and (b) of Rider 30
attempt to alter the strict statutory competitive bidding requirement of section
21.901, they are invalid.
Paragraphs (c). (d), and (e) of Rider 30 ostensibly authorize a school district
to purchase personal property valued at between $10,000 and $25,000 by contacting
vendors placed on a list compiled by the district of prospective suppliers of the
category of personal property to be purchased. The district is required to make such
contracts for six month periods beginning September 1 and March 1. Prior to
‘It may be argued that paragraph (a) merely excepts fuel and produce purchases from the six-
month supply requirement. Because the paragraph is prefaced with the disclaimer “except as provided
by statute” it may then be asserted that fuel and produce purchases remain subject to competitive
bidding under section 21.901. However, the remainder of paragraph (a) would still only require com-
petitive bidding for fuel and produce purchases of SU,OtXl or more, and paragraph (c) would make
bidding optional for contracts of between SlO,COOand S25,ooO. Both of these requirements are
inconsistent with section 21.901.
P. 469
Mr. Lionel R. Meno - Page 5 (DM-93)
entering into such a contract, the district need only contact at least three vendors
(presumably for the purpose of soliciting offers). The district is not required to
submit the purchase contract to competitive bidding, but may do so at its discretion.
This portion of Rider 30 attempts to enact a discretionary exception to
competitive bidding required by section 21.901 of the Education Code. It also
attempts to codify the practices of compiling vendors’ lists and making cumulative
six-month personal property purchase contracts, matters not expressly required by
the Education Code. For these reasons, paragraphs (o), (d),-and (e) of Rider 30 are
invalid.
Finally, Rider 30 professedly establishes procurement guidelines for a school
district that has contracted with a food services management company. Paragraph
(f) authorizes the board of trustees of such a district to
delegate to a professional food services management company
the authority to purchase the food and supplies required in the
performance of a food service management contract. . . .
Acts 1991, 72d Leg., 1st C.S., ch. 19, at 786. The food services management com-
pany must have been selected on a competitive basis, and the procurements must be
made in accordance with the contract between the district and the company. Id.
Paragraph (f) is an effort to overturn Attorney General Opinion DM-14
(1991), which held in part that the purchasing function could not be delegated to a
food services management company by contract or otherwise. This conclusion was
based on the discretionary character of the procurement process and the ultimate
responsibility of a school board to make purchases under section 21.901. The
opinion cited authority for the proposition that the power to make purchases for a
public body was not delegable. Home Zoological Arena Co. v. City of Dallas, 45
S.W.2d 714 (Tex. Civ. App.--Waco 1931, no writ). The opinion implicitly determin-
ed that the concept of nondelegability was fully incorporated into section 21.901.
Thus, because paragraph (f) attempts to modify this rule, it, too, runs afoul of article
III, section 35(a), of the constitution.
SUMMARY
The separate provisions of Rider 30 to the appropriation of
the Central Education Agency contained in the General
P- 470
Mr. Lionel R. Meno - Page 6 (DM-93)
Appropriations Act for the 1991-1992 fiscal biennium attempt to
amend or enact general law and are therefore invalid under
article III, section 35(a), of the Texas Constitution.
DAN MORALES
Attorney General of Texas
WILL PRYOR
First Assistant Attorney General
MARY KELLER
Deputy Assistant Attorney General
JUDGE ZOLLIE STEAKLEY (Ret.)
Special Assistant Attorney General
RENEA HICKS
Special Assistant Attorney General
MADELEINE B. JOHNSON
Chair, Opinion Committee
Prepared by Steve Aragon
Assistant Attorney General
P. 471