The opinion
Stacy, C. J.
Service of summons or original process, unless waived, is a jurisdictional requirement.
Stancill v. Gay,
92 N. C., 462 . Hence, a judgment
in personam
rendered against a defendant without voluntary appearance or service of process is void.
Guerin v. Guerin,
208 N. C., 57 , 181 S. E., 274 ;
Harrell v. Welstead,
206 N. C., 817 , 175 S. E., 283 ;
Armstrong v. Harshaw,
12 N. C., 187 . If the defect appear on the face of the papers, or is discernible from an inspection of the record, the judgment may be treated as a nullity, vacated on motion, or attacked collaterally.
Graves v. Reidsville,
182 N. C., 330 , 109 S. E., 29 ;
Stocks v. Stocks,
179 N. C., 285 , 102 S. E., 306 ;
McKee v. Angel,
90 N. C., 60 .
On the other hand, if the officer’s return show service, as here, which under the statute, O. S., 921, is deemed
prima facie
correct or “sufficient evidence of its service,”
Caviness v. Hunt,
180 N. C., 384 , 104 S. E., 763 ;
Burlingham v. Canady,
156 N. C., 177 , 72 S. E., 324 ;
Marler-D-G. Co. v. Shoe Co.,
150 N. C., 519 , 64 S. E., 366 , when in fact no such service has been had, the fact of nonservice or “false return” may be established by clear and unequivocal proof,
Comrs. v. Spencer,
174 N. C., 36 , 93 S. E., 435 ; McIntosh N. C. P. and P., sec. 316, p. 313, and upon such showing the party affected may have the judgment set aside on motion duly entered in the cause.
Long v. Rockingham,
187 N. C., 199 , 121 S. E., 461 ;
Herndon v. Autry,
181 N. C., 271 , 107 S. E., 3 ;
Stocks v. Stocks, supra; Johnson v. Whilden,
171 N. C., 153 , 88 S. E., 223 ;
Massie v. Hainey,
165 N. C., 174 , 81 S. E., 135 ;
Flowers v. King,
145 N. C., 234 , 58 S. E., 1074 .
*495
Speaking to tbe point in
Chadbourn v. Johnston,
119 N. C., 282 , 25 S. E., 705 ,
Furches, J.,
delivering the opinion of the Court, said:
“They were made defendants in the summons issued in the ease, which was returned executed, though in truth and in fact it was not executed on Eebeeca A. 'Watkins and W. J. Johnston. This, prima
facie,
gave the court jurisdiction and authorized it to proceed to judgment. But this presumption might be rebutted by showing that in fact it had not been served. And, if nothing more had occurred, upon the court’s finding this fact it would have been the duty of the court to set aside the judgment.”
When considering such motion, upon request duly made, it is the duty of the judge to find the facts, so that his ruling upon the motion may be reviewed, and his refusal to accede to such request is reversible error.
S. v. Harris,
204 N. C., 422 , 168 S. E., 498 ;
Holcomb v. Holcomb,
192 N. C., 504 , 135 S. E., 287 ;
McLeod v. Gooch,
162 N. C., 122 , 78 S. E., 4 ;
Norton v. McLaurin,
125 N. C., 185 , 34 S. E., 269 . Compare
Hardware Co. v. Buhmann,
159 N. C., 511 , 75 S. E., 731 .
True, in the absence of such request, it will be presumed that sufficient facts were found to support the judgment.
Com. of Revenue v. Realty Co.,
204 N. C., 123 , 167 S. E., 563 ;
S. v. Harris, supra; Holcomb v. Holcomb, supra; Gardiner v. May,
172 N. C., 192 , 89 S. E., 955 . But the presumption may not be indulged in the face of a refusal to find the facts. This is the rationale of the decisions on the subject.
McLeod v. Gooch, supra; Smith v. Whitten,
117 N. C., 389 , 23 S. E., 320 ;
Carter v. Rountree,
109 N. C., 29 , 13 S. E., 716 ;
Albertson v. Terry,
108 N. C., 75 , 12 S. E., 892 .
Speaking to the matter in
Clegg v. Soapstone Co.,
66 N. C., 391 ,
Reade, J.,
delivering the opinion of the Court, said:
“It is, however, insisted that it ought to be presumed that his Honor found such a state of facts as would justify his conclusion of law. This would be the same as to say that his Honor could not err in his conclusion of law upon a given state of facts, and would make his judgment final. For, we repeat, how can we determine whether his law is right unless we know the facts?
Hudgins v. White,
65 N. C., 393 ;
Powell v. Weith, post,
423.”
Hntil the facts are determined, the question as to what constitutes service, debated on argument and brief, is not presently presented for decision. However, as the question will perforce arise on the further hearing, the following statutes and authorities may prove helpful: C. S., 479 and 489;
Bank v. Wilson,
80 N. C., 200 ;
Godwin v. Munds,
106 N. C., 448 , 10 S. E., 1044 ;
Bernhardt v. Brown,
118 N. C., 700 , 24 S. E., 527 ;
Williamson v. Cocke,
124 N. C., 585 , 32 S. E., 963 ;
Woodley v. Jordan,
112 Ga., 151 , 37 S. E., 118 .
Error.