Com. v. Pippen, D.

J-S26001-16

NON-PRECEDENTIAL DECISION - SEE SUPERIOR COURT I.O.P. 65.37

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA, IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

Appellee

v.

DELLNORA PIPPEN,

Appellant No. 1445 EDA 2015

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence of April 29, 2015

In the Court of Common Pleas of Philadelphia County

Criminal Division at No(s): CP-51-CR-0012049-2014

BEFORE: OLSON, STABILE and STRASSBURGER,* JJ.

MEMORANDUM BY OLSON, J.: FILED APRIL 04, 2016

Appellant, Dellnora Pippen, appeals from the judgment of sentence

entered on April 29, 2015. We affirm.

The following evidence was presented during Appellant’s bench trial.

On October 7, 2014, the Philadelphia Police were investigating a house

located at 823 East Woodlawn Street, in Philadelphia for possible drug

crimes; amongst the officers present that day were Officers Nathan London

and Pellum Coaxum. As Officer Coaxum testified, at approximately 3:50

p.m. that day:

myself and my partner . . . met with a confidential

informant [(hereinafter “CI”)]. I searched the [CI] for

[United States] currency and contraband before and after

being sent to the location, 823 East Woodlawn, with

negative results. I supplied that [CI] with [$20.00]

pre-recorded buy money and directed that [CI] to [the

house at 823 East Woodlawn Street].

*Retired Senior Judge assigned to the Superior Court.

J-S26001-16

N.T. Trial, 4/29/15, at 9 and 20.

Officer London testified that, from his vantage point, he observed

Appellant sitting on the porch of 823 East Woodlawn Street. As Officer

London testified, he witnessed “the [CI] and [Appellant] engage[] in a brief

conversation, at which time they both proceeded inside 823 East Woodlawn

Street.” Id. at 9. According to Officer London, the CI was inside the

residence for “approximately two to three minutes,” after which time the CI

“exit[ed] the location and [] return[ed] back to Officer Coaxum.” Id. at

9-10. The CI then “turned over [to Officer Coaxum] two green-tinted

packets, each containing an off-white chunky substance,” which later tested

positive for cocaine. Id. at 20 and Commonwealth’s Exhibit 1.

As Officer Coaxum testified:

on that same day [between] the time of 4:00 and 5:00

p.m., I met with that same [CI] who I searched again for

[United States] currency and contraband with negative

results. I supplied that [CI] with [$20.00] pre-recorded buy

money and directed that [CI] back to 823 East Woodlawn

Street.

Id. at 20-21.

Officer London testified that he witnessed the CI approach Appellant,

who was again sitting on the porch of 823 East Woodlawn Street. Id. at 10.

According to Officer London:

[the CI] approached . . . and once again engaged in a

conversation with [Appellant]. [Appellant,] on both

occasions, was wearing a black leather jacket and blue

jeans.

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After a brief conversation, they both proceeded inside the

location. The [CI] exited. [Appellant] also returned back to

the porch area where she was sitting and the CI returned

back to Officer Coaxum.

Id. at 11.

Once again, the CI “turn[ed] over two green-tinted packets [to Officer

Coaxum], [which were] identical in shape, size[,] and content [to] the

previous” packets. Id. at 21. The substance in the packets also tested

positive for cocaine. Commonwealth’s Exhibit 1.

The police obtained a search warrant for 823 East Woodlawn Street

and they executed the warrant on October 8, 2014. Id. at 10-11.

Moreover, as Officer London testified, “right before the warrant was served .

. . a black male [] arrived at the location.” Id. at 11. The male was later

identified as Jimmy Bryant and a search of Mr. Bryant’s person revealed that

he possessed $804.00. Id. at 11-12. The police did not arrest Mr. Bryant.

Appellant’s Brief at 7.

Officer London testified that, when the police executed the warrant,

they saw Appellant “in the living room area . . . wearing the same [] clothing

that she was wearing on the previous day, black leather jacket and blue

jeans.” Id. at 11. As Officer London testified, after arresting Appellant:

I observed Officer Barber recover from the kitchen inside a

kitchen drawer, two green, six blue and one clear packet,

each containing an off-white chunky substance, alleged

crack cocaine.

I [also] observed Officer Francis recover from the kitchen

area, on top of the cabinets, there was a plate. On that

plate was found to contain one blue and four clear packets

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containing a weedy-seed substance, alleged marijuana,

along with one clear baggie containing a bulk amount of a

weedy-seed substance, alleged marijuana.

...

Officer Barber also recovered from a jacket in the basement

. . . a total of $400[.00] United States currency. I observed

Officer McClain recover from the basement area one digital

scale, one clear baggie containing numerous green, new

and unused packets, alleged drug paraphernalia. I

conducted NIK Test-G on the items that were purchased.

They tested positive for cocaine base. Also, NIK Test-E on

items that were confiscated and they tested positive for

marijuana. . . .

Id. at 11-12.

Officer London testified that Appellant did not own the house at 823

East Woodlawn Street – rather, Appellant “said it was her mother’s house.”

Id. at 16. Officer London also testified that Appellant did not have keys to

the house and “there was no proof of residence for [Appellant] in that

house.” Id. at 15 and 16. However, Officer London testified that Appellant

was able to freely enter and exit 823 East Woodlawn Street on October 7,

2014, and that she was present in the house on October 8, 2014. Id. at 17.

As to the interaction between Appellant and the CI on October 7,

2014, Officer London testified that he: “never heard any conversation

between [Appellant] and the CI;” “never saw any money or objects

exchanged between [Appellant] and the CI;” did not go inside of 823 East

Woodlawn Street on October 7, 2014; and, had “no idea who was inside that

house on October 7[, 2014].” Id. at 14-15. Nevertheless, Officer London

testified that, on October 7, 2014, he did not “observe anybody else interact

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with the CI other than [Appellant]” and that he did not “observe anybody

inside of the house coming in and out of the house other than [Appellant].”

Id. at 13.

Finally, with respect to the events of October 8, 2014 (when the police

executed the warrant), Officer London testified that: all of the narcotics

were found in the kitchen; “[n]one of the narcotics were in plain view;”

Appellant “did not run or resist arrest in any way;” no money, drugs, or

paraphernalia was found on Appellant’s person; he never saw Appellant in

the basement of the house; he had “no idea” whether any of the clothes

found in the basement belonged to Appellant; and, the police never

recovered the pre-recorded buy money that was used to purchase the

narcotics. Id. at 15-16 and 18.

The CI did not testify at Appellant’s trial.

The trial court found Appellant guilty of possession of a controlled

substance with the intent to deliver (hereinafter “PWID”) and possession of a

controlled substance.1 On April 29, 2015, the trial court sentenced Appellant

to serve 42 months on probation for PWID. Appellant filed a timely notice of

appeal and now claims:

Was not the evidence insufficient to convict [A]ppellant

beyond a reasonable doubt of [PWID] and possession of a

controlled substance where the evidence established only

that [A]ppellant and a police informant conversed after

____________________________________________

1

35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(30) and (16), respectively.

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which both entered a house for a brief time, and after the

[CI] left the house, the [CI] turned over drugs to police?

Appellant’s Brief at 3.

We review Appellant’s sufficiency of the evidence challenges under the

following standard:

The standard we apply in reviewing the sufficiency of the

evidence is whether viewing all the evidence admitted at

trial in the light most favorable to the verdict winner, there

is sufficient evidence to enable the fact-finder to find every

element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. In

applying the above test, we may not weigh the evidence

and substitute our judgment for [that of] the fact-finder. In

addition, we note that the facts and circumstances

established by the Commonwealth need not preclude every

possibility of innocence. Any doubts regarding a

defendant’s guilt may be resolved by the fact-finder unless

the evidence is so weak and inconclusive that as a matter of

law no probability of fact may be drawn from the combined

circumstances. The Commonwealth may sustain its burden

of proving every element of the crime beyond a reasonable

doubt by means of wholly circumstantial evidence.

Moreover, in applying the above test, the entire record must

be evaluated and all evidence actually received must be

considered. Finally, the trier of fact while passing upon the

credibility of witnesses and the weight of the evidence

produced, is free to believe all, part or none of the

evidence.

Commonwealth v. Brown, 23 A.3d 544, 559-560 (Pa. Super. 2011) (en

banc), quoting Commonwealth v. Hutchinson, 947 A.2d 800, 805-806

(Pa. Super. 2008).

As our Supreme Court has explained:

The offense of delivery of a controlled substance is provided

for in section 780-113(a)(30) of [t]he Controlled Substance,

Drug, Device and Cosmetic Act, (the “Act”). According to

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that section, the offense occurs in the following

circumstances:

Except as authorized by this act, the manufacture,

delivery, or possession with intent to manufacture or

deliver, a controlled substance by a person not

registered under this act, or a practitioner not registered

or licensed by the appropriate State board, or knowingly

creating, delivering or possessing with intent to deliver,

a counterfeit controlled substance.

35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(30). The term delivery, as used in

this section, is defined by the Act as “the actual,

constructive, or attempted transfer from one person to

another of a controlled substance, other drug, device or

cosmetic whether or not there is an agency relationship.”

35 P.S. § 780-102. Thus, for a defendant to be liable as a

principal for the delivery of a controlled substance there

must be evidence that he knowingly made an actual,

constructive, or attempted transfer of a controlled

substance to another person without the legal authority to

do so.

A defendant actually transfers drugs whenever he physically

conveys drugs to another person. Similarly, . . . a

defendant constructively transfers drugs when he directs

another person to convey drugs under his control to a third

person or entity.

It is well-established, however, that a defendant, who was

not a principal actor in committing the crime, may

nevertheless be liable for the crime if he was an accomplice

of a principal actor. See 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 306; see also

Commonwealth v. Bradley, 392 A.2d 688, 690 (Pa.

1978) (the actor and his accomplice share equal

responsibility for commission of a criminal act). A person is

deemed an accomplice of a principal if “with the intent of

promoting or facilitating the commission of the offense, he:

(i) solicit[ed the principal] to commit it; or (ii) aid[ed] or

agree[d] or attempt [ed] to aid such other person in

planning or committing it.” 18 Pa.C.S.A. § 306;

Commonwealth v. Spotz, 716 A.2d 580, 585 (Pa. 1998).

Accordingly, two prongs must be satisfied for a defendant to

be found guilty as an “accomplice.” First, there must be

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evidence that the defendant intended to aid or promote the

underlying offense. Second, there must be evidence that

the defendant actively participated in the crime by soliciting,

aiding, or agreeing to aid the principal. While these two

requirements may be established by circumstantial

evidence, a defendant cannot be an accomplice simply

based on evidence that he knew about the crime or was

present at the crime scene. There must be some additional

evidence that the defendant intended to aid in the

commission of the underlying crime, and then did or

attempted to do so. With regard to the amount of aid, it

need not be substantial so long as it was offered to the

principal to assist him in committing or attempting to

commit the crime.

Commonwealth v. Murphy, 844 A.2d 1228, 1233-1234 (Pa. 2004)

(internal footnotes omitted) (some internal citations omitted).

According to Appellant, the evidence was insufficient to support her

convictions because her convictions were based upon impermissible

speculation and conjecture. Appellant writes:

The circumstantial evidence of guilt presented by the

Commonwealth in [Appellant’s] case consisted of only three

facts. First, police observed the [CI] approach [Appellant].

Second, [Appellant] and the [CI] went into the house.

Third, the [CI] left and later turned over drugs to police

purportedly bought with pre-recorded buy money. This

circumstantial evidence is insufficient on its face. The police

did not hear any conversation between the two parties. The

police, who observed the house no more than one hour and

[15] minutes[] during the span of a day[] had no idea who

else was inside the property. In fact, a male with a total of

$804.00 was at the property when police executed the

search warrant. Lastly, the pre-recorded buy money was

never recovered.

...

To deliver illegal drugs, one first must be in possession of

them. There is no evidence that [Appellant] was ever in

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possession of controlled substances. She was not in

personal possession of controlled substances when arrested.

The drugs found in the house were secreted in the kitchen

of her mother’s house. There was no evidence that

[Appellant] resided at the property. . . . To sustain

[Appellant’s] conviction[s] on such conjecture and

speculation would be improper.

Appellant’s Brief at 12-13.

We disagree with Appellant and conclude that, in this case, the

evidence is not “so weak and inconclusive that as a matter of law no

probability of fact may be drawn from the combined circumstances.”

Brown, 23 A.3d at 559-560. As the trial court explained:

Here, the evidence established that police officers observed

[Appellant], on two separate occasions, meet with a [CI],

engage in a brief conversation on the porch of 823 East

Woodlawn Street, walk into the house, and [either remain

inside of the house or] shortly thereafter return with the

[CI] outside to the porch. On both of these occasions, the

[CI] was searched for [United States] currency and

contraband with negative results prior to going [inside] the

house. On both of these occasions[,] the [CI] returned

from the house to Officer Coaxum with two [] green-tinted

packets each containing crack cocaine.

When the search warrant was executed at 823 East

Woodlawn Street, [Appellant] was found sitting in the living

room with the same black leather jacket and blue jeans she

had on from the day before when the [CI] had been to the

house. Right before the warrant was executed, Jimmy

Bryant arrived at the house with a total of [$804.00] on his

person. He was never observed at any other time during

the officers’ surveillance. As a result of the search of the

house, officers recovered two [] green, six [] blue[,] and

one [] clear packet, each containing crack cocaine, one []

blue and four [] clear packets containing marijuana, and

one [] clear baggie containing a bulk amount of marijuana.

Also recovered from the house was a jacket with [$400.00]

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in it, one [] digital scale, [and] one [] clear baggie

containing numerous green, new and unused packets.

Trial Court Opinion, 8/3/15, at 9 (internal citations and emphasis omitted).

After viewing the above evidence in the light most favorable to the

Commonwealth – and giving the Commonwealth every reasonable inference

from the above evidence – we conclude that the evidence is sufficient to

prove that Appellant either directly sold the cocaine to the CI or, at a

minimum, served as an accomplice who intentionally promoted the sale of

cocaine to the CI by aiding an unknown individual in the house.

Certainly, the evidence demonstrates that, on October 7, 2014, the CI

twice arrived at 823 East Woodlawn Street with the express intent of

purchasing narcotics. After speaking with Appellant on the porch both

times, Appellant twice chaperoned the CI into the house and, “approximately

two to three minutes” later, the CI emerged from the house with cocaine

that the CI did not possess prior to entering the house. Moreover, during

the second controlled purchase, Appellant not only chaperoned the CI into

the house to purchase narcotics, but Appellant also chaperoned the CI out

of the house following the cocaine purchase. Given our standard of review –

and given the substantial evidence of narcotics distribution found in the

house on the very next day – it strains the imagination to accept Appellant’s

argument that she was not the one who either sold the cocaine to the CI or

aided a hidden individual in the house to sell the cocaine, “with the intent of

promoting or facilitating the” sale of cocaine. See Murphy, 844 A.2d at

1233.

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In reaching this assessment of the facts, we note under our standard

of review that the Commonwealth owes no obligation to dispel every

possibility of innocence. Instead, the Commonwealth meets its burden of

proof where it overcomes reasonable doubt as to the establishment of each

element of an offense through the introduction of either direct or

circumstantial evidence. Appellant in this case simply asks this Court to be

willfully blind to her role as either the seller of the cocaine or as the doorman

to the dopehouse. We will not do so.

The evidence in this case was thus sufficient to establish that Appellant

committed the offense of PWID, and the lesser-included offense of simple

possession of a controlled substance. Appellant’s claim to the contrary fails.

Judgment of sentence affirmed.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 4/4/2016

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