The opinion
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF TENNESSEE
AT JACKSON
Assigned on Briefs December 22, 2015
BILLY BUTLER, ET AL. v. MALVIN CARVIN PITTS, JR., ET AL. v.
MARILYN JAMES MORRIS, ET AL.
Appeal from the Chancery Court for Haywood County
No. 2014CH46 George R. Ellis, Chancellor
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No. W2015-01124-COA-R3-CV – Filed February 12, 2016
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This is an easement case. Appellants, the servient land owners, appeal the trial court‟s grant
of summary judgment in favor of the Appellees, the former owners of both the dominant and
servient tracts of land. Based on the fact that the disputed easement was recorded prior to the
sale to the Appellants, the trial court determined that there was no dispute as to any material
fact and that Appellees were entitled to summary judgment as a matter of law. We affirm in
part, reverse in part, and remand for further proceedings in accordance with this opinion.
Tenn. R. App. P. 3 Appeal as of Right; Judgment of the Chancery Court is Affirmed
in Part, Reversed in Part, and Remanded.
KENNY ARMSTRONG, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which J. STEVEN STAFFORD,
P.J., W.S., and ARNOLD B. GOLDIN, J., joined.
James S. Haywood, Jr., Brownsville, Tennessee, for the appellants, Malvin Carvin Pitts, Jr.,
Malvin Carvin Pitts, III, and Marcia Lee Pitts.
Joshua B. Shearon, Brownsville, Tennessee, for the appellees, Marilyn James Morris, Ewell
E. James, and William B. James.
OPINION
I. Factual and Procedural History
Marilyn James Morris, Ewell E. James, and William B. James, (together, “Appellees”)
owned several tracts of farmland in rural Haywood County. The plaintiffs in the underlying
case are a group of hunters who leased a portion of Appellees‟ land for hunting purposes for
several years. Finally, in 2004, the hunters purchased the land they had been leasing from
Appellees. In addition to conveying the hunters forty-three acres, Appellees granted the
hunters a thirty-foot easement for ingress and egress over an adjacent tract of land, which
Appellees owned. This easement was duly recorded on March 1, 2004, in the office of the
Haywood County Register of Deeds and states as follows:
For good and valuable consideration, receipt of which, is hereby
acknowledged, we, William James and Ewell James do hereby grant
unto Billy Butler, Stephen Leath, Kenneth McBride and Cecil Clint
Dixon a thirty (30) foot easement for ingress and egress to a 43-acre
tract known in the property assessor‟s office of Haywood County,
Tennessee as Map 20, Parcel 38 over and across presently existing
roadway as shown in a yellow ink on the map attached hereto.
In 2013, approximately nine years after the easement was recorded, Malvin Carvin
Pitts, Jr., Marcia Lee Pitts and Malvin Carvin Pitts, III, (together, “Appellants”) purchased
from Appellees the land that was subject to the hunters‟ easement. Prior to their purchase,
the Appellants had leased and actively farmed the same land for a number of years. The
Appellants hired a closing attorney to perform a title examination and draft the deed.
Although, as noted above, the hunters‟ easement was recorded, Appellants‟ attorney did not
reference the recorded easement in the warranty deed conveying the farmland to Appellants.
Appellants‟ deed, recorded on January 29, 2014, contained the following language:
We covenant with the said Malvin Carvin Pitts, Jr., Marcia Lee Pitts
and Malvin Carvin Pitts, III, that we are lawfully seized and possessed
of said real estate; that we have a good and lawful right to sell and
convey the same; that the same is unencumbered; and that we will
forever warrant and defend the title thereto against the lawful claims of
all persons whomsoever.
Some months after their purchase, Appellants allegedly made substantive changes to
the existing easement, which blocked the hunters‟ ingress and egress to their property.
Consequently, on July 8, 2014, the hunters filed a complaint against the Appellants, alleging
that the Appellants “intentionally removed the culvert at the end of the easement where it
adjoined the county road, plowed up the road and planted soybeans on the roadway
easement.” The hunters further alleged that Appellants‟ actions had denied them use of the
easement for ingress and egress to their land. The hunters asked the trial court to require the
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Appellants to re-open the easement and to restore it to its original condition. Additionally,
they asked for damages, both actual and punitive, attorneys‟ fees and court costs. In their
answer, Appellants‟ admitted that the hunters were unable to access their land, but denied the
existence of such easement across their property.
On September 10, 2014, Appellants filed a third-party complaint against the Appellees
alleging that Appellees breached the warranty deed issued to them at the time of purchase.
Appellants prayed to recover, from the Appellees, any loss of property and all sums, if any,
that might be adjudged against them in the hunters‟ lawsuit. On January 29, 2015, Appellees
filed an answer to the third party complaint, wherein they denied any breach of the warranty
deed. The Appellees asserted that there was a valid easement properly recorded in Deed
Book 263, Page 384, in the Register‟s Office of Haywood County, Tennessee, which
contains not only express language, but also a geographical depiction of said easement.
Appellants contended that the easement allegedly granted by Appellees to the hunters was
ineffective because the description in the easement was too vague. Appellants further
asserted that they had no actual knowledge of the easement. The trial court, relying on the
recorded easement, found that there was no genuine issue as to any material fact and granted
summary judgment in favor of Appellees. The trial court also awarded attorney‟s fees to
Appellees in the amount of $4,680.00. The trial court‟s ruling on the motion for summary
judgment on the third-party complaint is the subject of this appeal.
II. Issues
Appellants present the following issues on appeal as stated in their brief:
1. That the trial court erred in the granting of a summary judgment when it is
obvious that the alleged easement, which is the subject of the lawsuit, is very
possibly void for uncertainty.
2. That the trial court erred in granting summary judgment to the third party
defendants.
3. That the trial court erred in granting attorney‟s fees to the appellees.
Additionally, Appellees argue that they should be granted attorney‟s fees on appeal.
III. Standard of Review
Summary judgment is appropriate when “the pleadings, depositions, answers to
interrogatories, and admissions on file, together with the affidavits, if any, show that there is
no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to a judgment as
a matter of law.” Tenn. R. Civ. P. 56.04. We review a trial court's ruling on a motion for
summary judgment de novo, without a presumption of correctness. Bain v. Wells, 936
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S.W.2d 618, 622 (Tenn. 1997); see also Abshure v. Methodist Healthcare–Memphis Hosp.,
325 S.W.3d 98, 103 (Tenn. 2010); Dick Broad. Co., Inc. of Tenn. v. Oak Ridge FM, Inc.,
395 S.W.3d 653, 671 (Tenn. 2013); and Rye v. Women’s Care Center of Memphis, MPLLC,
__ S.W.3d ___, 2015 WL 6457768 at *12 (Tenn. Oct 26, 2015). In doing so, we make a
fresh determination of whether the requirements of Rule 56 of the Tennessee Rules of Civil
Procedure have been satisfied. Rye, __ S.W.3d at ___, 2015 WL 6457768, at *12 (citing
Estate of Brown, 402 S.W.3d 193, 198 (Tenn. 2013) and Hughes v. New Life Dev. Corp.,
387 S.W.3d 453, 471 (Tenn. 2012)).
For actions initiated on or after July 1, 2011, the standard of review for summary
judgment is governed by Tennessee Code Annotated Section 20-16-101. The statute
provides:
In motions for summary judgment in any civil action in Tennessee, the moving
party who does not bear the burden of proof at trial shall prevail on its motion
for summary judgment if it:
(1) Submits affirmative evidence that negates an essential element of the
nonmoving party‟s claim; or
(2) Demonstrates to the court that the nonmoving party‟s evidence is
insufficient to establish an essential element of the nonmoving party‟s claim.
Tenn. Code Ann. §20-16-101. However, “a moving party seeking summary judgment by
attacking the nonmoving party's evidence must do more than make a conclusory assertion
that summary judgment is appropriate on this basis.” Rye, 2015 WL 6457768 at *22. Rule
56.03 requires that the moving party support its motion with “a separate concise statement of
the material facts as to which the moving party contends there is no genuine issue for trial.”
Tenn. R. Civ. P. 56.03. Each fact is to be set forth in a separate, numbered paragraph and
supported by a specific citation to the record. Id. If the moving party fails to meet its initial
burden of production, the nonmoving party's burden is not triggered, and the court should
dismiss the motion for summary judgment. Town of Crossville Hous. Auth., 465 S.W.3d at
578–79 (citing Martin v. Norfolk S. Ry. Co., 271 S.W.3d 76, 83 (Tenn.2008)). As our
Supreme Court recently opined:
[T]o survive summary judgment, the nonmoving party “may not rest upon the
mere allegations or denials of [its] pleading,” but must respond, and by
affidavits or one of the other means provided in Tennessee Rule 56, “set forth
specific facts” at the summary judgment stage “showing that there is a genuine
issue for trial.” Tenn. R. Civ. P. 56.06. The nonmoving party “must do more
than simply show that there is some metaphysical doubt as to the material
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facts.” Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co., 475 U.S. at 586, 106 S. Ct. 1348. The
nonmoving party must demonstrate the existence of specific facts in the record
which could lead a rational trier of fact to find in favor of the nonmoving
party.
Rye, 2015 WL 6457768 at *22 (emphasis in original). If adequate time for discovery has
been provided and the nonmoving party's evidence at the summary judgment stage is
insufficient to establish the existence of a genuine issue of material fact for trial, then the
motion for summary judgment should be granted. Id. Thus, even where the determinative
issue is ordinarily a question of fact for the jury, summary judgment is still appropriate if the
evidence is uncontroverted and the facts and inferences to be drawn therefrom make it clear
that reasonable persons must agree on the proper outcome or draw only one conclusion.
White v. Lawrence, 975 S.W.2d 525, 529–30 (Tenn.1998).
IV. Analysis
A. Validity of Easement
An easement is an interest in another's real property that confers on the easement's
holder an enforceable right to use that real property for a specific use. See Bradley v.
McLeod, 984 S.W.2d 929, 934 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1998) (citing Brew v. Van Deman, 53 Tenn.
(6 Heisk.) 433, 436 (1871)). In Tennessee, easements can be created in several ways: (1)
express grant; (2) reservation; (3) implication; (4) prescription; (5) estoppel; and (6) eminent
domain. Barrett v. Hill, No. 01A01-9806-CV-00295, 1999 WL 802642, at *2 (Tenn. Ct.
App. Oct. 7, 1999) (citing Pevear v. Hunt, 924 S.W.2d 114, 115-116 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1996)).
An easement involves two tracts of land, the dominant tenement, and the servient tenement.
The dominant tenement generally benefits in some way from the use of the servient tenement.
Cellco Partnership v. Shelby County, 172 S.W.3d 574, 588 (Tenn. Ct. App 2005).
In the instant case, we have an easement created by express grant. “To create an
easement by express grant, there must be a writing containing plain and direct language
evincing the grantor's intent to create a right in the nature of an easement rather than a
license.” Riegel v. Wilkerson, No. W2013-01391-COA-R3CV, 2014 WL 546113, at *4
(Tenn. Ct. App. Feb. 11, 2014) (citing Smith v. Evans, 2008 WL 3983117, at *2 (Tenn. Ct.
App. Aug. 27, 2008)); Adcock v. Witcher, 1995 WL 675852 at *2 (Tenn. Ct. App. Nov. 15,
1995)). “The scope of such an easement is set forth in express terms, either in the granting
documents or as matter of incorporation and legal construction of terms of relevant
documents ... [.]” Smith v. Evans, 2008 WL 3983117, at *2 (internal citations omitted).
In its order granting summary judgment, the trial court specifically found that the facts
and legal arguments in the present case are analogous to those found in Riegel v. Wilkerson,
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No. W2013-01391-COA-R3-CV, 2014 WL 546113 (Tenn. Ct. App. Feb. 11, 2014). In the
Riegel case, Mr. Riegel owned a tract of land that he purchased from Ms. LaPlace. The
warranty deed from Ms. LaPlace to Mr. Riegel contained an express easement. Ms.
Wilkerson purchased a small tract of land from Mr. and Mrs. Little, who previously
purchased their land from Ms. LaPlace‟s late husband. Id. at *1. Although the Littles‟ land
had an express easement when they purchased it, the deed from the Littles to Ms. Wilkerson
did not specifically reference the easement. Id. Ms. Wilkerson later interfered with Mr.
Riegel‟s ingress and egress to his property despite the express easement, arguing that because
her deed did not reference the easement, she could not be held to abide by its terms. Id. In
Riegel, this Court concluded that an express easement passed with the land to the subsequent
purchaser and held in favor of Mr. Riegel. Id.
Although Riegel is factually distinguishable from the instant case, the principles of
law outlined in Riegel are well-settled and are instructive here. Accordingly, the trial court‟s
reliance on Riegel is not misplaced as argued by Appellants. As explained by this Court:
A person who purchases land with knowledge or with actual, constructive, or
implied notice that it is burdened with an easement in favor of other property
ordinarily takes the estate subject to the easement. On the other hand, a bona
fide purchaser of land without knowledge or actual or constructive notice of
the existence of an easement in such land generally takes title free from the
burden of the easement. This rule is broad enough to include all easements,
whether created by implication, prescription, or express grant. However, one
who purchases land burdened with an open, visible easement is ordinarily
charged with notice that he or she is purchasing a servient estate.
Under the general rule that a purchaser of land subject to the burden of
an easement takes the estate subject to the easement if he or she has notice of
its existence at the time of purchase, the proper recordation of the instrument
containing the grant of the easement is sufficient notice.
Riegel, 2014 WL 546113, at *5-6 (citing 25 Am. Jur. 2d Easements § 93)(emphasis added).
The premise that the “grantee of a servient tenement takes the property subject to all duly
recorded prior easements whether such easements are mentioned in the grantee‟s deed or not”
has been well established for over ninety years. Id., 2014 WL 546113, at *6 (citing Goetz v.
Knoxville, Power & Light, 290 S.W. 409 (Tenn. 1926)).
The Appellants appear to argue that the Appellees had a responsibility to disclose the
easement in the warranty deed transferring the property. In the sale of real property, a fact or
condition is “material” if it controls the desirability and value of the property. See Patel v.
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Bayliff, 121 S.W.3d 347, 353 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2003) (citing Simmons v. Evans, 185 Tenn.
282, 206 S.W.2d 295, 296 (Tenn.1947)). The defendant has a duty to disclose such a fact or
condition “unless ordinary diligence would have revealed the undisclosed fact.” Lonning v.
Jim Walter Homes, Inc., 725 S.W.2d 682, 685 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1986) (citing Simmons, 206
S.W.2d at 296). Thus, there is no duty to disclose a material fact or condition if it was
apparent through observation or if it would have been discoverable through the exercise of
ordinary diligence. Daniels v. Basch, No. M2004-01844-COA-R3-CV, 2005 WL 2860177,
at *3 (Tenn. Ct. App. Oct. 27, 2005)(citing Simmons, 206 S.W.2d at 296; and Patel, 121
S.W.3d at 353). In this case, Appellees granted the hunters an easement for ingress and
egress, which was described, depicted, and recorded prior to the Appellants‟ purchase of their
property. “All of the instruments registered . . . shall be notice to all the world from the time
they are noted for registration, . . . and shall take effect from such time.” Tenn. Code Ann. §
66-26-102. Accordingly, we conclude that there was no duty on the part of Appellees to
disclose the recorded easement to Appellants.
Appellants next argue that the hunters‟ easement should be construed as an implied
easement and cite several cases supporting the proposition that implied easements are
generally disfavored in the law. See Barrett v. Hill, 1999 WL 802642, (Tenn. Ct. App. Oct.
7, 1999); Cellco Partnership, 172 S.W.3d at 589. An implied easement is quite different
from an express easement. The required elements for an implied easement are (1) separation
of title; (2) prior to the separation, long-established and obvious use, showing that the use
was intended to be permanent; (3) a showing that the easement is essential to the beneficial
enjoyment of the land granted or retained; and (4) continuous servitude, as distinguished
from temporary or occasional. Ingram v. Wasson, 379 S.W.3d 227, 234-35 (Tenn. Ct. App.
2011) (citing Cellco Partnership, 172 S.W.3d 574 (Tenn.Ct.App.2005)). An easement by
implication arises upon the severance of a single piece of land into separately owned parts as
an inference of the intention of the parties to the conveyance. The easement arises, if at all,
by implication from the circumstances under which the conveyance was made. See
Restatement of Property § 474 (1944); LaRue v. Greene County Bank, 179 Tenn. 394, 407,
166 S.W.2d 1044, 1049 (1942); Barrett v. Hill, 1999 WL 802642 at *2. However, in this
case, the Appellees granted an express easement to the hunters, which was properly recorded
prior to the Appellants‟ purchase of their property. Therefore, Appellants‟ contention that the
easement in question is an implied easement is without merit.
Appellants also argue that the easement is “void for uncertainty.” Appellants contend
that because the description is not a metes and bounds description, the easement is overly
vague. They also contend that the description of the easement is “insufficient” because it is
“indicated by a yellow line drawn on the tax map.” The highlighted map is not the only
designation of the easement. The recorded easement also contains the following description:
[A] thirty (30) foot easement for ingress and egress to a 43-acre tract known in
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the property assessor‟s office of Haywood County, Tennessee as Map 20,
Parcel 38 over and across presently existing roadway. . . .
In support of their contention that the hunters‟ easement is void for uncertainty, the
Appellants cite several cases from the Tennessee Supreme Court: Dobson v. Litton, 45 Tenn.
616, 618-619 (1868); Johnson v. Kellogg, 54 Tenn. 262, 266 (1872); and Wood v. Zeigler,
42 S.W. 447 (Tenn. 1897). We find all of the cases cited by Appellants distinguishable from
the case at bar. By way of example, in Dobson, holding that a description of land was too
vague, the Court noted that the description did not specify a particular tract of land and could
apply to any tract in the vicinity containing the same number of acres, even if the grantor
owned only one tract in the area. Dobson, 45 Tenn. at 618-619. In the present case, the
granting language in the easement specifies the map and parcel, and includes an attached map
marking the easement. As such, Dobson is distinguishable from this case. In the case of
Johnson v. Kellogg, 54 Tenn. 262, 266 (1872), in finding the description insufficient, the
Tennessee Supreme Court noted that there was no reference to any other document or other
identifying information. In Wood v. Zeigler, 42 S.W. 447 (Tenn. 1897), our Supreme Court
held that “[a] memorandum of sale which describes the premises as „The Baldwin Place,‟ but
contains nothing whereby the state and county in which the land lies can be inferred, is
insufficient.” Id. at 448. In this case, the granting language in the easement specifically
references the county, map, and parcel of the dominant estate, and attaches a highlighted map
as an additional description of the location of the easement. Therefore, Appellants‟ argument
that the easement is void for uncertainty is also without merit.
Citing several cases, Appellants further argue in their Appellate briefs that Appellants
breached the “covenant of seisin.”
A covenant of seisin is an assurance to the vendee that the vendor has the very
estate, in quantity and quality, which his deed purports to convey. It is a
personal covenant in presenti, and, if not true, is breached the instant it is
made, and an immediate right of action accrues to the vendee for its breach
without and before eviction.
Pace v. Watson, 126 S.W. 2d 404, 409 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1938)(citing Curtis v. Brannon, 38
S.W. 1073 (Tenn. 1897)). Although Appellants argue that Appellees‟ failure to set out the
easement in their conveyance to the Appellants constitutes a breach of the covenant of seisin,
Appellants did not raise this argument before the trial court either in their pleadings or during
the hearing. It is well settled that issues not raised at the trial level are considered waived on
appeal. Tenn. R. App. P. 36(a) (“Nothing in this rule shall be construed as requiring relief be
granted to a party responsible for an error who failed to take whatever action was reasonably
available to prevent or nullify the harmful effect of an error.”). See Waters v. Farr, 291
S.W.3d 873, 918 (Tenn. 2009); PNC Multifamily Capital Institutional Fund XXVI Ltd.
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P'ship v. Mabry, 402 S.W.3d 654, 660 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2012). Accordingly, this argument is
waived.
B. Summary Judgment
Lastly, Appellants argue that the trial court erred in granting summary judgment.
Specifically, Appellants argue that the Appellees did not submit any affirmative evidence that
negates an essential element of the Appellants‟ claim, nor have the Appellees demonstrated
that the Appellants‟ evidence is insufficient to establish an element of the claim. Appellants
further argue that summary judgment should not have been granted because there are “a lot
of disputed facts in this case.” Although the trial court made repeated inquiries of Appellants
to detail those disputed facts, Appellants merely repeated their argument that the easement is
void for uncertainty, and that they lacked actual knowledge of the easement.
As previously discussed, the standard set out in Riegel is notice, not knowledge.
Although Appellants describe themselves as “bona fide” purchasers, who “generally take[s]
title free from the burden of the easement,” Riegel, 2014 WL 546113, at *5, a bona fide
purchaser must be a buyer without knowledge or notice. Id. In this case, we have an
easement that was recorded approximately nine years prior to Appellants‟ purchase of their
land. Additionally, Appellees submitted affirmative evidence, by affidavit and recorded
instruments that negated an essential element of Appellants‟ claim, namely, that they had no
notice of the easement. Appellants did not plead or argue anything to refute the existence of
the recorded easement. Furthermore, none of the cases cited by Appellants regarding
“uncertainty” of an easement are applicable here. The easement that was recorded in 2004
contained a general description of the easement, listing map and parcel numbers, as well as
its purpose. There was also a highlighted map attached to the easement, which was recorded
in the office of the Haywood County Register of Deed. To survive summary judgment, the
Tennessee Supreme Court requires the Appellants to “demonstrate the existence of specific
facts in the record which could lead a rational trier of fact to find in favor of the nonmoving
party.” Rye, 2015 WL 6457768 at *22. In this case, the Appellants have not demonstrated
the existence of such facts. We, therefore, affirm the trial court‟s grant of summary judgment
in favor of Appellees.
C. Attorney’s Fees
In its September 24, 2015 amended order granting summary judgment, the trial court
awarded attorney‟s fees to Appellees in the amount of $4,680.00. Generally, Tennessee
follows the “American Rule” that “in the absence of a contract, statute or recognized ground
of equity so providing there is no right to have attorneys' fees paid by an opposing party in
civil litigation.” State ex rel. Orr v. Thomas, 585 S.W.2d 606, 607 (Tenn. 1979) (citing
Deyerle v. Wright Mfg. Co., 496 F.2d 45 (6th Cir.1974); Carter v. Va. Sur. Co., 216 S.W.2d
324 (Tenn. 1948); Raskind v. Raskind, 325 S.W.2d 617 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1959); Gillespie v.
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Fed. Compress & Warehouse Co., 265 S.W.2d 21 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1953)).
Appellees argue that an exception to the American Rule applies to the facts existing
here and cite Whitelaw v. Brooks, 138 S.W. 3d 890 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2003), in support of their
position. In the case of Whitelaw, a landowner brought a negligence action against the
surveyor, in which the landowner sought to recover damages in the form of attorney's fees
from a previous quiet title action. We held that the American Rule did not preclude an award
to landowner for attorney fees incurred in the previous action to quiet title. Id. In the
Whitelaw case, the negligence of the surveyor was undisputed. Furthermore, we noted that
“[w]hen a cloud has been cast upon the title to property, the owner does not have the same
options to correct the wrong.” Id. at 894 (citing Ezell v. Graves, 807 S.W.2d 700, 703
(Tenn.Ct.App.1990). In the appeal before us, the property owners with the express easement
are not a party to this appeal. This fact distinguishes Whitelaw from the case at bar. We
conclude that the facts presented do not create an exception to the American Rule.
Although the easement here was a matter of public record, the warranty deed issued by
Appellees to the Appellants stated that the land was unencumbered. This was certainly not
factually accurate, and in part contributed to this controversy. The better practice in this case
would have been for the Appellees to have referenced the easement in the deed. In light of
the specific facts presented here, we conclude that the trial court abused its discretion in
awarding attorney‟s fees in favor of Appellees. Therefore, we reverse the award of
attorney‟s fees.
D. Attorney’s Fees on Appeal
Appellees argue that this Court should award them attorney‟s fees for having to
defend this appeal. Specifically, Appellees argue that this appeal is frivolous and is solely a
means to delay the restoration of the easement. Tennessee Code Annotated section 27-1-122
states that:
When it appears to any reviewing court that the appeal from any court of
record was frivolous or taken solely for delay, the court may, either upon
motion of a party or of its own motion, award just damages against the
appellant, which may include but need not be limited to, costs, interest on the
judgment, and expenses incurred by the appellee as a result of the appeal.
Tenn. Code Ann. § 27-1-122. “In considering a request for attorney‟s fees on appeal, we
consider the requesting party‟s ability to pay such fees, the requesting party‟s success on
appeal, whether the appeal was taken in good faith, and any other equitable factors relevant
in a given case.” Moran v. Wilensky, 339 S.W. 3d 651, 666 (Tenn. Ct. App. 2010)(citing
Archer v. Archer, 907 S.W. 2d 412, 419 (Tenn. Ct. App. 1995)). Although we have affirmed
the trial court‟s grant of summary judgment in this case, we reversed the trial court‟s ruling
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regarding attorney‟s fees. From our overview of the entire record, we cannot conclude that
the appeal was frivolous, or that the appeal was taken for any subversive purpose.
Accordingly, we exercise our discretion and deny Appellees‟ request for attorney‟s fees.
V. Conclusion
For the foregoing reasons, we affirm the trial court‟s grant of summary judgment in
favor of Appellees. We reverse the trial court‟s award of attorney‟s fees to Appellees, and
deny Appellees‟ request for attorney‟s fees and expenses on appeal. The case is remanded to
the trial court for such further proceedings as may be necessary and are consistent with this
opinion. Costs of the appeal are assessed against the Appellants, Malvin Carvin Pitts, Jr.,
Malvin Carvin Pitts, III, Marcia Lee Pitts, and their surety, for all of which execution may
issue if necessary.
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KENNY ARMSTRONG, JUDGE
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