The opinion
NOT FINAL UNTIL TIME EXPIRES TO FILE REHEARING
MOTION AND, IF FILED, DETERMINED
IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL
OF FLORIDA
SECOND DISTRICT
TARA M. BROWN, )
)
Appellant, )
)
v. ) Case No. 2D14-3386
)
RICHARD W. BROWN and DR. )
CHRISTINA HANSEN, )
)
Appellees. )
________________________________ )
Opinion filed December 18, 2015.
Appeal from the Circuit Court for Lee
County; James H. Seals, Senior Judge.
Luis E. Insignares of Luis E.
Insignares, P.A., Fort Myers, for
Appellant.
Harold S. Eskin of Harold S. Eskin,
P.A., Cape Coral, for Appellee Dr.
Christina Hansen.
No appearance for Appellee
Richard W. Brown.
KELLY, Judge.
Tara M. Brown appeals from the final order awarding Christina Hansen,
Psy.D., attorney's fees and expert witness fees based on a fee provision in a contract
for services. We hold that the contract provision does not apply to the circumstances of
this case and reverse the award of fees.
In the midst of their dissolution of marriage proceedings, Tara M. Brown,
the former wife, and Richard W. Brown, the former husband, agreed to have Dr. Hansen
appointed to perform a parenting plan evaluation to assist the court in determining
parenting responsibilities. Each of the parties executed a written contract for Dr.
Hansen's services which included identical attorney's fee provisions. In the course of
her dealings with the parties, Dr. Hansen found it necessary to hire her own counsel to
advise her how to proceed when the former husband sought to subpoena records and
the former wife objected to the subpoena. Dr. Hansen then filed a motion for attorney's
fees and costs under the contracts for her services. In her motion, Dr. Hansen stated:
Each contract specified that "a claimant is responsible for
any costs and expenses, including attorney's fees, incurred
in connection with any legal claims, legal actions,
investigations, administrative proceedings . . . or any other
actions brought by the claimant or on behalf of the claimant's
child against a court-appointed psychologist performing a
Parenting Plan evaluation . . . . (Paragraph 3, LEGAL
ISSUES, page 4 of each contract)."
During a hearing on the motion, Dr. Hansen's attorney testified as to her
charges for legal services, and an expert witness testified as to the reasonableness of
the charges. At the conclusion of the hearing, the trial court found that Dr. Hansen's
contracts with the parties required the parties to pay costs and expenses, including
attorney's fees, incurred in connection with any legal matters regarding Dr. Hansen.
The court found that it was necessary for Dr. Hansen to retain independent legal
counsel to assist her with discovery issues that had arisen in the course of her provision
-2-
of services to the parties. The court found that the requested amount of attorney and
expert witness fees were reasonable and granted Dr. Hansen's motion.
"It is well-settled that attorneys' fees can derive only from either a statutory
basis or an agreement between the parties." Trytek v. Gale Indus., Inc., 3 So. 3d 1194,
1198 (Fla. 2009) (citing State Farm Fire & Cas. Co. v. Palma, 629 So. 2d 830, 832 (Fla.
1993)). When entitlement to attorney's fees is based on the interpretation of a provision
in a contract, an appellate court will undertake a de novo review to determine the
appropriate construction of the contract. Gibbs Constr. Co. v. S.L. Page Corp., 755 So.
2d 787, 790 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000). Our de novo review of the terms of the contract
requires us to reverse the trial court's award of fees to Dr. Hansen. When the attorney's
fee clause is considered in context, it is clear that it applies only to legal actions filed
against the psychologist as a result of her preparation of a parenting plan evaluation.
The attorney's fee clause in each of the contracts states as follows:
LEGAL ISSUES:
1. Dr. Hansen is required to report any suspected physical or
sexual abuse of children. If you or your child reports such
abuse, she must report it unless it has been previously
reported.
2. Any parent who desires to file legal action against a
court-appointed psychologist performing a Parenting Plan
Evaluation first must petition the presiding judge to
appoint another psychologist and show good cause
before legal action can be pursued against the original
psychologist.
3. A claimant is responsible for any costs and expenses,
including attorney's fees, incurred in connection with any
legal claims, legal actions, investigations, administrative
proceedings including informal and regulatory complaints,
or any other actions brought by the claimant or on behalf
of the claimant's child, against a court-appointed
-3-
psychologist performing a Parenting Plan evaluation who
is not held liable.
(emphasis added).
As the former wife argues, the charges for legal services she was ordered
to pay were not related to any action filed against Dr. Hansen. Accordingly, we reverse
the order awarding attorney and expert witness fees to Dr. Hansen under the "Legal
Issues" provision of the contract.
Reversed.
WALLACE and CRENSHAW, JJ., Concur.
-4-