People v. Olsson

ILLINOIS OFFICIAL REPORTS

Appellate Court

People v. Olsson, 2011 IL App (2d) 091351

Appellate Court THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v.

Caption PAUL OLSSON, Defendant-Appellant.–THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE

OF ILLINOIS, Plaintiff-Appellee, v. PAUL OLSSON, Defendant-

Appellant.

District & No. Second District

Docket Nos. 2-09-1351, 2-09-1352 cons.

Filed September 22, 2011

Held Where defendant was found not not guilty of several sexual offenses and

(Note: This syllabus was then certified as a sex offender under the Sex Offender Registration

constitutes no part of Act and ordered to register as a sex offender for his natural life, the trial

the opinion of the court court’s judgment was modified to reflect that defendant was subject to

but has been prepared registration for a period of 10 years, since defendant was not convicted

by the Reporter of of one of the enumerated offenses for purposes of qualifying as a sexual

Decisions for the predator under the Act and being subjected to registration for his natural

convenience of the life.

reader.)

Decision Under Appeal from the Circuit Court of Lake County, Nos. 05-CF-3046, 05-CF-

Review 3629; the Hon. Christopher R. Stride, Judge, presiding.

Judgment Affirmed as modified.

Counsel on Thomas A. Lilien and Jack Hildebrand, both of State Appellate

Appeal Defender’s Office, of Elgin, for appellant.

Michael J. Waller, State’s Attorney, of Waukegan (Lawrence M. Bauer

and Jay Paul Hoffmann, both of State’s Attorneys Appellate Prosecutor’s

Office, of counsel), for the People.

Panel JUSTICE ZENOFF delivered the judgment of the court, with opinion.

Justices Bowman and Hutchinson concurred in the judgment and opinion.

OPINION

¶1 Defendant, Paul Olsson, appeals from an order of the circuit court of Lake County

entered on December 19, 2009, certifying him as a sex offender for purposes of the Sex

Offender Registration Act (Act) (730 ILCS 150/1 et seq. (West 2008)) and subjecting him

to mandatory lifetime registration. We modify the order to require defendant to register for

a period of 10 years.

¶2 In case number 05-CF-3046, defendant was charged with two counts of predatory

criminal sexual assault of a child (720 ILCS 5/12-14.1(a)(1) (West 2008)) and two counts

of aggravated criminal sexual abuse (720 ILCS 5/12-16 (West 2008)). In case number 05-

CF-3629, defendant was charged with two counts of aggravated criminal sexual abuse. On

October 12, 2007, defendant was found unfit to stand trial on the charges in both cases.

When he was not restored to fitness within one year, defendant requested a discharge hearing

pursuant to section 104-25 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963 (Code) (725 ILCS

5/104-25 (West 2008)). On December 10, 2009, after hearing the evidence concerning

defendant’s guilt at defendant’s discharge hearing, the trial court made a finding in number

05-CF-3046 of not not guilty on counts I, III, and IV, and a finding of not guilty (acquittal)

on count II. In number 05-CF-3629, the trial court granted defendant’s motion for a directed

finding on count I and found defendant not not guilty on count II. The trial court remanded

defendant to the Department of Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities for a two-year

period of extended treatment. On December 17, 2009, the State moved to certify defendant

as a sex offender under the Act. On December 17, 2009, the trial court entered an order

certifying defendant as a sex offender and requiring him to register as such for his natural

life. In each case, defendant timely appealed. This court consolidated the appeals.

¶3 In this appeal, defendant contends that the trial court erred in subjecting him to

registration for his natural life, because, according to defendant, the Act mandates that he

register only for a period of 10 years. Because this contention requires us to construe the Act,

our review is de novo. People v. Gonzalez, 388 Ill. App. 3d 1003, 1005 (2009).

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¶4 Before we address defendant’s contention, it is necessary to look at the nature of a section

104-25 discharge hearing. A discharge hearing is not a criminal prosecution. People v. Waid,

221 Ill. 2d 464, 470 (2006). A discharge hearing takes place only after a defendant has been

found unfit to stand trial, and it is a proceeding to determine only whether to enter a

judgment of acquittal, not to make a determination of guilt. Waid, 221 Ill. 2d at 470. The

question of guilt is deferred until the defendant is fit to stand trial. Waid, 221 Ill. 2d at 471.

If the evidence presented at a discharge hearing is sufficient to establish the defendant’s guilt,

no conviction results; instead, the defendant is found “not not guilty.” (Emphasis omitted.)

Waid, 221 Ill. 2d at 478. A defendant who is found not not guilty is subject to a further period

of treatment ranging from one to five years, depending on the seriousness of the offense

charged. Waid, 221 Ill. 2d at 478. If, at the expiration of this period of treatment, the

defendant is still unfit to stand trial, the court must determine whether the defendant is

subject to involuntary commitment, and, if so, the commitment and treatment period cannot

exceed the maximum sentence to which the defendant would have been subject had he been

convicted in a criminal proceeding. Waid, 221 Ill. 2d at 478.

¶5 With this background, we will examine defendant’s contention that he should have to

register as a sex offender for a period of 10 years rather than natural life. The Act, in tandem

with the Sex Offender Community Notification Law (730 ILCS 152/101 et seq. (West

2008)), provides a comprehensive scheme for the registration of sex offenders in Illinois and

the dissemination of information about them to the public. People v. Stanley, 369 Ill. App.

3d 441, 446-47 (2006). The legislative intent was to create an additional measure of

protection for children from the increasing incidence of sexual assault and child abuse.

People v. Beard, 366 Ill. App. 3d 197, 199 (2006). The issue in our case is whether the trial

court’s finding of not not guilty of the offenses of predatory criminal sexual assault of a child

and aggravated criminal sexual abuse subjects defendant to registration for natural life as a

sexual predator under the Act.

¶6 In construing a statute, the court must ascertain and give effect to the legislature’s intent

in enacting the statute. In re J.W., 204 Ill. 2d 50, 62 (2003). The statute’s language is the

most reliable indicator of the legislature’s intent, and where the language is clear and

unambiguous, the court must give effect to the statute as written without reading into it

exceptions, limitations, or conditions that the legislature did not express. J.W., 204 Ill. 2d at

62. When an act defines its own terms, those terms must be construed according to the

definitions given to them in the statute. Beecher Medical Center, Inc. v. Turnock, 207 Ill.

App. 3d 751, 754 (1990). Here, section 2 of the Act is the definitions section. “Sex offender”

means, inter alia, a person who is the subject of a not not guilty finding after a discharge

hearing. 730 ILCS 150/2(A)(1)(d) (West 2008). Defendant concedes that he is a sex offender

for purposes of the Act. Section 2(E) of the Act defines a “sexual predator” as any person

who, after July 1, 1999, is convicted of any of the enumerated offenses, which include

predatory criminal sexual assault of a child and aggravated criminal sexual abuse. 730 ILCS

150/2(E) (West 2008). Section 3 requires a sex offender or a sexual predator, as defined in

section 2, to register in person and provide accurate information as required by the

Department of State Police. 730 ILCS 150/3 (West 2008). Section 7 provides that sexual

predators, sexually dangerous persons, and sexually violent persons are required to register

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for life. 730 ILCS 150/7 (West 2008); People v. Molnar, 222 Ill. 2d 495, 501 n.1 (2006). Any

other person subject to the Act is required to register for a period of 10 years. 730 ILCS

150/7 (West 2008); Molnar, 222 Ill. 2d at 501 n.1. Section 7 further provides that registration

shall occur “after conviction or adjudication.” 730 ILCS 150/7 (West 2008). Defendant

asserts that he is not a sexually dangerous person or a sexually violent person as those terms

are defined in the Act. The State agrees. The State and defendant disagree about whether

defendant is a sexual predator. Defendant contends that he is not, because he has not been

convicted of any of the enumerated offenses in section 2(E).

¶7 The State argues that defendant qualifies as a sexual predator because, when the trial

court found defendant not not guilty of predatory criminal sexual assault of a child and

aggravated criminal sexual abuse, it found that the evidence proved beyond a reasonable

doubt that defendant committed those offenses. The State asserts that the trial court thus

“adjudged” defendant to have committed the offenses. The State reasons that, because

section 2(A)(5) of the Act provides that adjudicated shall have the same meaning as

convicted (730 ILCS 150/2(A)(5) (West 2008)), and because defendant was adjudged to have

committed the offenses, he was, therefore, convicted of offenses that qualify him as a sexual

predator. The State further reasons that section 7 requires all persons subject to the Act to

register after “conviction or adjudication,” indicating that the legislature intended a finding

of not not guilty to be an adjudication.

¶8 The State takes section 2(A)(5) out of context. Section 2(A)(5) makes juveniles who are

adjudicated delinquents, as a result of having committed any of the enumerated offenses,

subject to registration. 730 ILCS 150/2(A)(5) (West 2008); J.W., 204 Ill. 2d at 63. It is clear

that a juvenile who has been adjudicated a delinquent as a result of the commission of

aggravated criminal sexual assault is a sexual predator under the Act. J.W., 204 Ill. 2d at 64.

It is in this context that the legislature provided that an adjudication means the same thing

as a conviction. The legislature is talking about an adjudication of delinquency, not any other

type of adjudication. In People v. Taylor, 221 Ill. 2d 157 (2006), our supreme court stated

that the legislature understood the need for specifically defining a juvenile adjudication as

a conviction to effect its intent. Taylor, 221 Ill. 2d at 178-79. In People ex rel. Birkett v.

Konetski, 233 Ill. 2d 185, 209 (2009), our supreme court reiterated that the word

“adjudicated” has the same meaning as the word “convicted” in the context of a juvenile

delinquency adjudication. The appellate court has likewise interpreted the term “adjudicated”

in this context. In re T.C., 384 Ill. App. 3d 870, 874 (2008) (“Because T.C. was adjudicated

delinquent of aggravated criminal sexual assault, he is now classified as a ‘sexual predator’

pursuant to [the Act].”). Therefore, when the legislature used the word “adjudication” in

section 7, it meant an adjudication of delinquency. “In construing a statute where the same,

or substantially the same, words or phrases appear in different parts of the same statute they

will be given a generally accepted and consistent meaning, where the legislative intent is not

clearly expressed to the contrary.” Moran v. Katsinas, 16 Ill. 2d 169, 174 (1959).

Consequently, we hold that the legislature did not intend for a finding of not not guilty at a

discharge hearing to be an adjudication for purposes of the Act.

¶9 Our conclusion is bolstered by the language of the Act itself. In section 2(A)(1)(d), the

legislature provided that a person who has been found not not guilty after a discharge hearing

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is a sex offender subject to registration. However, the legislature did not include a person

found not not guilty in the definition of a sexual predator. This appears to be a deliberate

exclusion. It is a generally accepted canon of construction that the express inclusion of a

provision in one part of a statute and its omission in a parallel section is an intentional

exclusion from the latter. In re John C.M., 382 Ill. App. 3d 553, 567-68 (2008). Because the

legislature excluded a person found not not guilty from the definition of a sexual predator,

we may not read a contrary definition into section 7 of the Act. It is a fundamental rule of

construction that, when an act defines its own terms, those terms must be construed

according to the definitions given them in the act. Beecher, 207 Ill. App. 3d at 754. Those

definitions are the “ ‘official and authoritative’ ” evidence of legislative intent and should be

given controlling effect. Beecher, 207 Ill. App. 3d at 754. Consequently, we conclude that

the legislature did not intend for a person found not not guilty after a discharge hearing to

qualify as a sexual predator under the Act.

¶ 10 Moreover, given that a person must be convicted of one of the enumerated offenses in

order to be a sexual predator under the Act, no other construction is consistent with due

process. Criminal prosecution of a person who is unfit to stand trial is prohibited by the due

process clause of the fourteenth amendment. Medina v. California, 505 U.S. 437, 439

(1992); Waid, 221 Ill. 2d at 470. Therefore, it is not true, as the State suggests, that the trial

court adjudged defendant guilty of predatory criminal sexual assault of a child and

aggravated criminal sexual abuse. A defendant who is not acquitted at a discharge hearing

has not gained a definitive resolution of the charges against him. People v. Pastewski, 164

Ill. 2d 189, 200 (1995). Moreover, subjecting someone who has not gained a resolution of

the charges against him to lifetime registration as a sexual predator could have a chilling

effect on that person’s exercise of his right to a discharge hearing. Accordingly, we hold that

defendant was not subject to lifetime registration under the Act. Pursuant to Illinois Supreme

Court Rule 366(a)(5) (eff. Feb. 1, 1994), we modify the trial court’s December 19, 2009,

order subjecting defendant to lifetime registration as a sexual predator under the Act and

order that defendant is subject to registration for a period of 10 years.

¶ 11 For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the circuit court of Lake County is affirmed

as modified.

¶ 12 Affirmed as modified.

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