The opinion
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
________________________ FILED
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
No. 10-12310 ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
Non-Argument Calendar NOVEMBER 9, 2010
________________________ JOHN LEY
CLERK
D.C. Docket No. 1:09-cv-00002-MP-AK
MADIE E. GAINOUS,
lllllllllllllllllllllPlaintiff - Appellant,
versus
MICHAEL J. ASTRUE,
Commissioner of the Social Security Admnistration,
lllllllllllllllllllllDefendant - Appellee.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of Florida
________________________
(November 9, 2010)
Before TJOFLAT, CARNES and WILSON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:
Madie Gainous, through counsel, appeals the district court’s order affirming
the decision of the administrative law judge (“ALJ”) to deny her application for
Social Security Disability Insurance Benefits (“DIB”). Gainous claimed that she
suffered from Meniere’s disease1 and lower back problems so severely that she
should be declared disabled. She last worked in 1996 as a professor and her last
date insured was December 31, 2001. On appeal, Gainous claims that the ALJ
violated the “treating physician rule” when it did not give controlling weight the
opinion of Dr. David Kaylie, who treated Gainous twice and said that she would
not have been able to work a standard forty-hour week before her last date insured.
The Appeals Council declined to review her case. After review, we affirm the
order of the district court.
Gainous’s appeal focuses on whether the ALJ gave proper weight to the
opinion offered by her treating physician. She points out that our Circuit typically
values the testimony of these doctors during DIB litigation. Accordingly, she
argues that Dr. Kaylie’s testimony regarding her condition prior to December 31,
2001, based on his review of her relevant medical history, should be fully credited.
1
Meniere’s is a “disease of the inner ear (the innermost of the three parts into which the
hearing apparatus is divided) associated with a dilation of the membranous labyrinth . . . . It is
characterized by attacks of dizziness, ringing in the ears, deafness, peculiar movements of the
eyes (from side to side), and vomiting. The attacks come on at irregular intervals. The cause of
the disease is not understood. The treatment has never been satisfactory, but some of the
medicines used include diazepam, which relieves the vertigo and dizziness.” J.E. Schmidt, 4
Attorney’s Dictionary of Medicine M-122 (2005).
2
Gainous believes that Dr. Kaylie’s testimony establishes that she was disabled as a
matter of law on her last date insured and thus is entitled to benefits.
In the context of Social Security appeals, we review the decision of the ALJ
as the Comissioner’s final decision if (1) the ALJ denies benefits, and (2) the
Appeals Council declines to review that decision. Doughty v. Apfel, 245 F.3d
1274, 1278 (11th Cir. 2001) (citation omitted). The Commissioner’s factual
findings need only be supported by substantial-evidence, but his legal conclusions
are subject to de novo review. Lewis v. Barnhart, 285 F.3d 1329, 1330 (11th Cir.
2002) (per curiam). In order to satisfy the substantial evidence requirement, the
Commissioner’s decision must be based on evidence that “a reasonable mind
might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Lowery v. Sullivan, 979 F.2d
835, 837 (11th Cir. 1992) (citation omitted). “This limited review precludes
deciding the facts anew, making credibility determinations, or re-weighing
evidence.” Moore v. Barnhart, 405 F.3d 1208, 1211 (11th Cir. 2005) (per curiam)
(citation omitted).
Eligibility for DIB requires the claimant to prove that she was disabled on
or before her “insured status” expired. See Moore, 405 F.3d at 1211. There is a
well-settled five-step process used to determine whether an applicant is disabled
for DIB purposes:
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In order to receive disability benefits, the claimant must
prove at step one that he is not undertaking substantial
gainful activity. At step two, the claimant must prove
that he is suffering from a severe impairment or
combination of impairments. At step three, if the
claimant proves that his impairment meets one of the
listed impairments found in Appendix 1, he will be
considered disabled without consideration of age,
education, and work experience. If the claimant cannot
prove the existence of a listed impairment, he must prove
at step four that his impairment prevents him from
performing his past relevant work. At the fifth step, the
regulations direct the Commissioner to consider the
claimant’s residual functional capacity, age, education,
and past work experience to determine whether the
claimant can perform other work besides his past
relevant work.
Doughty, 245 F.3d at 1278 (internal citations omitted) (footnote omitted).
In determining whether a disability exists, the ALJ must give the opinion of
the treating physician2 “substantial or considerable weight unless ‘good cause’ is
2
We assume that Dr. Kaylie qualifies as a “treating physician” for the resolution of this
appeal. The Commissioner argues that since Dr. Kaylie treated Gainous “on only two occasions,
he had not acquired the ‘longitudinal picture’ necessary when assigning additional weight to a
treating source.” But we note that this Court has refused to give greater weight to the opinion of
a physician who only examined the plaintiff once. Gibson v. Heckler, 779 F.2d 619, 623 (11th
Cir. 1986) (“[Plaintiff] relies on the rule that opinions of treating physicians are generally entitled
to more weight than opinions of nontreating physicians. We are unable to accept the application
of that rule in this case because [physician] saw [plaintiff] only one time.” (internal citations
omitted)); see also Hudson v. Heckler, 755 F.2d 781, 784 (11th Cir. 1985) (“The evidence
submitted by appellant’s treating physician . . . received all the consideration it was due.
[Physician] saw appellant twice and submitted only sketchy, conclusory notes.”). Even
construing this issue in favor of Gainous does not save her appeal.
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shown to the contrary.” Phillips v. Barnhart, 357 F.3d 1232, 1240 (11th Cir.
2004) (citation omitted ) (quoting Lewis v. Callahan, 125 F.3d 1436, 1440 (11th
Cir. 1997)). This is true even if the physician did not treat the claimant until after
the relevant period. See Boyd v. Heckler, 704 F.2d 1207, 1211 (11th Cir. 1983),
superseded by statute on other grounds, as recognized in Hand v. Heckler, 761
F.2d 1545, 1548 n.4 (11th Cir. 1983). The ALJ is not, however, required to give
controlling weight to issues reserved for the Commissioner. See 20 C.F.R. §
404.1527(e). Issues such as whether a claimant is disabled, unable to work, or has
an impairment that meets the Social Security listings fall into that category. Id.
Good causes for giving the treating physician’s opinion less weight exists
when (1) the treating physician’s conclusion is not supported by the evidence, (2)
the evidence supported a contrary finding, or (3) the opinion offered is conclusory
or inconsistent with the treating physician’s medical records. See Phillips, 357
F.3d at 1240–41. Additionally, the claimant’s daily activities can contradict the
treating physician’s opinion and lessen its credibility. See id. at 1241. “The ALJ
must clearly articulate the reasons for giving less weight to the opinion of a
treating physician, and the failure to do so is reversible error.” Lewis, 125 F.3d at
1440. If the ALJ does state specific reasons, however, failure to give the treating
physician’s opinion controlling weight is not reversible error so long as it is
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supported by substantial evidence. See Moore, 405 F.3d at 1212.
The ultimate issue, whether Gainous is disabled, is left to the determination
of the Commissioner, and thus Dr. Kaylie’s opinion that Gainous could not work a
typical work week is not binding on the ALJ. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(e)(1).
Beyond that, the ALJ had good cause not to give controlling weight to Dr.
Kaylie’s opinion. First, medical evidence contradicted the doctor’s opinion. In
reviewing Gainous’s medical history, the ALJ pointed out physician assessments
that showed Gainous enjoyed periods with little or no health problems in addition
to her visits for various ailments. After discussing some of the points on
Gainous’s medical history rollercoaster, the ALJ stated that “[d]espite evidence to
the contrary and diagnosis soley indicating chronic disequilibrium, Dr. Kaylie
nevertheless concluded that the claimaint was ‘incapable of working 8 hours a
day, 5 days a week, even at a sedentary level due to fatigue and vertigo.’” That
statement, viewed together with the ALJ’s description of periods of sickness and
health that precede it, conveys that the ALJ believed such a conclusory statement
by Dr. Kaylie could not be justified based on the contrary medical history.
Second, the ALJ believed that Dr. Kaylie’s opinion was contradicted by the
activities Gainous performed after the expiration of her insured status. He cited
two examples: (1) Gainous indicated that she exercised, which gave her back
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problems, and (2) she became the caretaker of her mother whose health was
declining. The ALJ concluded that these activities provided evidence that she was
capable of meaningful activity well after her insured status expired.
Gainous also suggests that the ALJ erred by finding that she did not have
Meniere’s disease. That determination, however, does not appear as if it would
have altered the ALJ’s final determination that Gainous was capable of completing
gainful activity. Ultimately, Gainous’s problem was upright stability. Whether it
was called Meniere’s or not would not have affected the ALJ’s determination.
Thus, any error in this regard does not undermine the ALJ’s determination on
whether she is able to work. See Moore, 405 F.3d at 1213 n.6.
The ALJ’s failure to give Dr. Kaylie’s opinion controlling weight was
supported by good cause and thus should be affirmed.
AFFIRMED.
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