The opinion
FILED
NOT FOR PUBLICATION NOV 24 2009
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS U .S. C O U R T OF APPE ALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
MICHAEL BRAINERD, No. 08-17024
Plaintiff - Appellant, D.C. No. 07-CV-02663-EDL
v. MEMORANDUM *
COUNTY OF LAKE; LAKE COUNTY
SHERIFF’S OFFICE; MATTHEW
WRISTEN; and EMIL DEVINCENZI
Defendants - Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of California
Elizabeth D. Laporte, Magistrate Judge, Presiding
**
Submitted November 2, 2009
San Francisco, California
Before: NOONAN and W. FLETCHER, Circuit Judges, and DUFFY, *** District
Judge.
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
** The panel unanimously finds this case suitable for decision without
oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
*** The Honorable Kevin Thomas Duffy, United States District Judge for
the Southern District of New York, sitting by designation.
Michael Brainerd appeals the district court’s granting summary judgment for
defendants—County of Lake and Lake County Sheriff’s Office (“Municipal
Defendants”), and Deputies Matthew Wristen and Emil Devincenzi (collectively,
“Defendants”), on his 42 U.S.C. § 1983 claims alleging unlawful arrest, unreasonable
search and seizure, failure to provide a timely and adequate probable cause hearing,
failure to provide adequate medical treatment, and illegal incarceration.
The facts and circumstances of this case are well known to the parties and are
fairly and accurately set out by the district court at Brainerd v. County of Lake, 2008
U.S. Dist. LEXIS 59681, at *4–*13 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 6, 2008). Brainerd now contends
that the district court erred because there are material fact questions on the issues of
whether: (1) the officers had probable cause to arrest him without a warrant; (2) the
officers lawfully entered his room; (3) his probable cause determination was timely
and adequate; (4) Defendants were deliberately indifferent to his medical needs; (5)
he was unlawfully detained for a short time after his official release; and (6) the
Municipal Defendants should be held liable for several of the alleged violations.
We review a district court’s grant of summary judgment de novo. Llamas v.
Butte Cmty. Coll. Dist., 238 F.3d 1123, 1126 (9th Cir. 2001). Viewing the evidence
in the light most favorable to the non-moving party, the “judgment sought should be
rendered if the pleadings, the discovery and disclosure materials on file, and any
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affidavits show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the
movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” F ED. R. C IV. P. 56(c); see Llamas,
238 F.3d at 1126. The “mere existence of a scintilla of evidence in support of the
plaintiff’s position will be insufficient” to defeat a properly supported motion for
summary judgment; rather, “there must be evidence on which the jury could
reasonably find for the plaintiff.” Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 252
(1986).
Deputies Wristen and Devincenzi arrested Brainerd without a warrant for
threatening to hit his co-resident, Bobby Boyd, in the head with a baseball bat during
the course of an argument in violation of California Penal Code § 422, a felony. A
warrantless arrest must be supported by probable cause. “Probable cause exists when,
under the totality of the circumstances known to the arresting officers, a prudent
person would have concluded that there was a fair probability that [the suspect] had
committed a crime.” Peng v. Hu, 335 F.3d 970, 976 (9th Cir. 2003). Accepting
Brainerd’s version of the facts as true, the deputies had probable cause to believe that
Brainerd’s threat was sufficiently unequivocal and imminent to constitute a crime.
The deputies’ probable cause determination was supported by reasonably trustworthy
information, including detailed statements from the alleged victim and a witness and
inferences reasonably drawn from the surrounding circumstances. See Brinegar v.
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United States, 338 U.S. 160, 176 (1949); Peng, 335 F.3d at 979. Thus, the deputies’
warrantless arrest of Brainerd was supported by probable cause.
Even if probable cause were lacking, the district court properly granted
summary judgment for the deputies on the basis of qualified immunity because the
deputies were reasonable in concluding that they had probable cause. Franklin v. Fox,
312 F.3d 423, 437–38 (9th Cir. 2002); Peng, 335 F.3d at 976–80.
Similarly, the district court properly granted summary judgment for the
Municipal Defendants on this claim. Brainerd alleged no municipal policy or custom
causing the deputies to arrest him without a warrant in this case. Nor has he alleged
that anyone except the arresting deputies made the decision to arrest him or ratified
that decision. Thus, the Municipal Defendants have no liability for Brainerd’s arrest.
See City of Oklahoma City v. Tuttle, 471 U.S. 808, 823–24 (1985); Monell v. Dep’t
of Soc. Servs., 436 U.S. 658, 690 (1978); Los Angeles Police Protective League v.
Gates, 907 F.2d 879, 889 (9th Cir. 1990).
Summary judgment was also proper because the deputies lawfully entered
Brainerd’s room to arrest him. The entry was supported both by consent and by
exigent circumstances. See Georgia v. Randolph, 547 U.S. 103, 110, 113–14, 118
(2006). And, even if the entry was not justified by either, the deputies are protected
by qualified immunity because a reasonable officer could have thought that it was.
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See Franklin, 312 F.3d at 437–38; Peng, 335 F.3d at 976–80.
The judicial determination of probable cause in this case was both timely and
adequate. The Fourth Amendment requires that in the case of a warrantless arrest, the
government must promptly obtain a fair and reliable determination of probable cause
by a judicial officer. Gerstein v. Pugh, 420 U.S. 103, 125 (1975). A “judicial
determination[ ] of probable cause within 48 hours of arrest will, as a general matter,
comply with the promptness requirement of Gerstein. For this reason, such
jurisdictions will be immune from systemic challenges.” County of Riverside v.
McLaughlin, 500 U.S. 44, 56 (1991). However, a delay within the 48 hour window
may, nonetheless, violate the Constitution “if the arrested individual can prove that his
or her probable cause determination was delayed unreasonably.” Id.
Brainerd fails to raise a fact question on the issue of unreasonable delay.
Brainerd fails to allege facts that show that Defendants used the 42 hours between his
arrest and probable cause determination for any improper purpose. Instead, Brainerd’s
allegations of delay are consistent with the “practical realities,” for which we must
allow “a substantial degree of flexibility.” McLaughlin, 500 U.S. at 56–57.
Brainerd also contends that the determination of probable cause in his case was
unconstitutional because Defendants failed to bring him in person before the
magistrate, who instead made his determination of probable cause by telephone. This
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court recently rejected that argument in Jones v. City of Santa Monica, 382 F.3d 1052
(9th Cir. 2004), holding that “the Constitution does not require a personal appearance”
for a judicial determination of probable cause. Id. at 1055.
The district court properly granted summary judgment with respect to
Brainerd’s allegations that the deputy’s declaration of probable cause contained false
and fraudulent information. See Whittaker Corp. v. Execuair Corp., 953 F.2d 510,
515 (9th Cir. 1992) (citation and emphasis omitted). In order to survive a motion for
summary judgment on a claim that an officer violated a suspect’s constitutional rights
by deliberately and recklessly disregarding the truth in making material false
statements or omissions in an affidavit for probable cause to secure a search warrant,
the plaintiff must “both establish a substantial showing of a deliberate or reckless
disregard and establish that, without the dishonestly included or omitted information,
the magistrate would not have issued the warrant.” Lombardi v. City of El Cajon, 117
F.3d 1117, 1124 (9th Cir. 1997). Here, after sanitizing the deputy’s declaration of the
statements and omissions that Brainerd alleges were false, it still supports the
magistrate’s finding of probable cause to arrest, so Brainerd’s claim cannot survive
summary judgment.
As to Brainerd’s deliberate medical indifference claim, he failed to name the
parties potentially responsible, but even if he had, the record indisputably shows that
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he received appropriate medicine when necessary, so this claim completely lacks
merit. See Clement v. Gomez, 298 F.3d 898, 904–05 (9th Cir. 2002).
Finally, Brainerd’s claim that he was unlawfully detained to facilitate the
service of a temporary restraining order upon him also lacks merit, as he was not
initially seized to assist a private party in a civil dispute. Nor does he provide any
evidence that the named deputies were involved in or responsible for his continued
incarceration or that the Municipal Defendants had any official policy of detaining
suspects for the purpose of perfecting service of temporary restraining orders.
AFFIRMED.
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