Ming Li, Guang v. Gonzales, Alberto R.

UNPUBLISHED ORDER

Not to be cited per Circuit Rule 53

United States Court of Appeals

For the Seventh Circuit

Chicago, Illinois 60604

Submitted January 19, 2006*

Decided February 23, 2006

Before

Hon. FRANK H. EASTERBROOK, Circuit Judge

Hon. DANIEL A. MANION, Circuit Judge

Hon. MICHAEL S. KANNE, Circuit Judge

Nos. 03-3461, 03-4310 & 04-3902 On Petition for Review of Three

Orders of the Board of Immigration

Guang Ming Li, Appeals

Petitioner,

No. A70 907 615

v.

Alberto R. Gonzales, Attorney

General of the United States,

Respondent.

ORDER

Guang Ming Li, a citizen of the People’s Republic of China, appeals the denial

of his request for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under the

Convention Against Torture. He also appeals the rejection of his motion for

reconsideration and his motion to reopen. We deny Li’s petition for review.

I.

*

Although oral argument was originally scheduled in this case, the appellant, with no

objection from the government, moved to waive oral argument. The court granted this motion,

and the appeal is submitted on the briefs and the record.

Nos. 03-3461, 03-4310 & 04-3902 Page 2

Guang Ming Li was born in the People’s Republic of China (“China”) in 1975

and entered the United States in 1992. In 1993, he applied for asylum, focusing his

request on his participation in pro-democracy rallies as a middle school student in

1989. Li substantially benefitted from the alleged backlog of the Immigration and

Naturalization Service,2 which did not begin reviewing his application until 2000.

At his removal hearing, which took place in 2002, Li changed his primary

reason for seeking asylum. He expressed his opposition to Chinese family planning

policies, though he is single and never ran afoul of them while in China. He also

repudiated his main asylum assertions, candidly admitting that he primarily

watched the student demonstrations on television (attending only one march) and

that the people who prepared his application “probably put something like the pro-

democracy campaign” in it. Li mentioned that he found living in China hard and

recounted that the local police sometimes beat him for no reason. He feared

beatings and fines upon return to China, which he believed were common

punishments for Chinese citizens who had attempted to leave.

The immigration judge (“IJ”) denied Li’s asylum application, concluding that

Li did not show past persecution or a credible fear of future persecution based on

political opinion, the grounds for asylum. The Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”)

summarily affirmed this decision. Li then filed a motion for reconsideration and

then a motion to reopen, both of which were denied. Li now petitions this court for

review.

II.

Before this court, Li proceeds in scattershot fashion, raising mostly due

process and evidentiary challenges. As the BIA summarily affirmed,3 we review the

IJ’s decision as the final agency determination. See Hussain v. Gonzales, 424 F.3d

622, 626 (7th Cir. 2005).

2

On March 1, 2003, the INS ceased to exist as an independent agency within the

Department of Justice and its functions were transferred to the newly formed Department of

Homeland Security.

3

Li claims that the BIA violated due process by summarily affirming the IJ. This is an

acceptable procedure, as we have noted in the past. See Hamdan v. Gonzales, 425 F.3d 1051,

1057-58 (7th Cir. 2005).

Nos. 03-3461, 03-4310 & 04-3902 Page 3

A.

Li begins by asserting a raft of due process violations. We conduct de novo

review of a petitioner’s challenge that an immigration hearing violated due process,

see Kerciku v. INS, 314 F.3d 913, 917 (7th Cir. 2003). As in other contexts, due

process requires a meaningful opportunity to be heard, and, if a hearing fails to

satisfy this requirement, the petitioner must receive a new hearing. See id.; see also

Capric v. Ashcroft, 355 F.3d 1075, 1087 (7th Cir. 2004). Moreover, “immigration

hearings, like trials, are not reviewed for perfection; a reviewing court will not order

a new hearing without a showing that a party’s rights were actually affected by the

error alleged.” Kuqo v. Ashcroft, 391 F.3d 856, 859 (7th Cir. 2004).

Each of Li’s due process claims fails. Li initially argues that the IJ violated

the various federal regulations at the hearing by failing to inform him of the

charges against him or his right to an attorney. Li also claims that the IJ violated

the applicable regulations because the IJ did not require Li to either deny or admit

the factual allegations and his removability under the charges. Li is wrong. The IJ

complied with all pertinent regulations. The record reveals that the IJ clearly stated

the charges against Li and asked him if he wished to proceed with the asylum

hearing. Li did, which was tantamount to a pleading that asylum was justified and

he was not removable. Li then indicated that he understood the purpose of the

hearing, the charges against him, and his right to a lawyer. Furthermore, even if

the IJ committed a technical violation of a regulation, Li does not show such an

error had any effect on the outcome of the hearing.

Li also asserts that the IJ was biased against him. Li offers no support for his

contention that the IJ was somehow predisposed against him. In fact, the IJ rarely

spoke at the final hearing, simply asking a few follow-up questions to clarify Li’s

statements. The record is wholly devoid of any evidence that the IJ lashed out at Li

or acted inappropriately in any way. Li demonstrated no bias on the part of the IJ

that would offend his due process rights.

Li finally argues that the IJ acted improperly in denying the motion to

continue filed by Li’s attorney. We examine a denial of a motion to continue for

abuse of discretion, see Hassan v. INS, 110 F.3d 490, 492 (7th Cir. 1997). This is a

particularly frivolous argument. The IJ gave Li approximately ten months after his

initial hearing to return to court with a lawyer to present his case. The IJ

instructed Li that if he could not find a lawyer, one could be appointed for him. Li

did not retain a lawyer until the Friday before his Monday hearing. This lawyer

asked for a continuance, which was denied because Li waited the full ten months

Nos. 03-3461, 03-4310 & 04-3902 Page 4

before attempting to retain the lawyer’s services. The IJ properly exercised his

discretion given that Li himself caused his lawyer’s lack of preparation.4

B.

Li next asserts that substantial evidence supports his asylum application. To

merit asylum, Li had to establish either that: (1) he suffered past persecution based

on his race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or

political opinion; or (2) he had a well-founded fear of future persecution on one of

these grounds. 8 U.S.C. §§ 1101(a)(42), 1158(b)(1). This court will only overturn an

IJ’s decision on asylum if the evidence compels a contrary result. See Oforji v.

Ashcroft, 354 F.3d 609, 612-13 (7th Cir. 2003). To put it another way, we limit our

review to determine whether substantial evidence supports an IJ’s decision. See

Kozal v. Gonzales, 418 F.3d 798, 804 (7th Cir. 2005).

Here, substantial evidence supported the IJ’s ruling. Li’s claim was deficient

in almost every possible way. First, Li failed to show any past persecution. He

admitted that he left school because of his family’s economic position, not because of

any state action. While he stated that he had been beaten by authorities, he only

mentioned one or two minor run-ins with police when he was a teenager. These

isolated incidents do not rise to the level of persecution. See Dandan v. Ashcroft, 339

F.3d 567, 573-74 (7th Cir. 2003) (persecution must be more than mere harassment).

Second, Li failed to show any likelihood of future persecution. Li concluded that he

would be beaten on return to China but did not explain why, except that “beating

people like us is kind of in their blood.” This unsubstantiated opinion does not

suffice to establish a reasonable fear of persecution if he is returned to China. See

Sofinet v. INS, 196 F.3d 742, 746 (7th Cir. 1999) (applicant must show specific,

detailed facts supporting the reasonableness of his fear that he will be singled out

for persecution).

Furthermore, Li fails to connect either his alleged past persecution or the

possible future persecution to any political opinion or other protected category.

While Li claimed that he was a democracy activist in his application, he backed off

such claims at his hearing, suggesting that it was simply language introduced by

4

We note that Li received a functional continuance that allowed his attorney additional

time to prepare. Because the original interpreter at the hearing was not fluent in Li’s particular

dialect, the IJ adjourned Li’s hearing for three days to ensure a properly qualified translator was

present. This incident raises a curiosity that even though Li lived in the United States for more

than ten years, he was still unable to understand or converse in English.

Nos. 03-3461, 03-4310 & 04-3902 Page 5

those who prepared his application. He had watched the democracy protests on

television and participated as a follower in one march. This is plainly insufficient,

as even Li seems to acknowledge. At his hearing, Li asserted his opposition to

China’s family planning policies qualified as a political opinion that justified

asylum. Again, this is altogether lacking. As we have recently explained, “a

political opinion is one that is expressed through political activities or through some

sort of speech in the political arena.” See Li v. Gonzales, 416 F.3d 681, 685 (7th Cir.

2005). Li did not show that he ever expressed such an opinion through activities or

speech during his youth in China, and he offers no reason to think he would do so

upon return to China. The IJ’s asylum determination, therefore, was supported by

substantial evidence.5

C.

As a final matter, Li challenged the BIA’s denials of his motion to reconsider

and his motion to reopen. Both are reviewed for an abuse of the BIA’s discretion.

See Singh v. Gonzales, 404 F.3d 1024, 1027 (7th Cir. 2005). Neither constitutes such

an abuse. Li pointed to no errors of fact or law and introduced no new arguments

that would justify a motion for reconsideration. Li’s motion to reopen was untimely,

and so, denial was proper.

III.

For the reasons discussed above, we deny Li’s petition for review.

5

As an applicant who fails to establish eligibility for asylum necessarily cannot satisfy the

more stringent standards for withholding of removal and CAT protection, see Ahmed v. Ashcroft,

348 F.3d 611, 615 (7th Cir. 2003), we see no need to further address these claims here.