Commonwealth v. Bennett

J-S34017-15

2015 PA Super 198

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

Appellee

v.

BRICE E. BENNETT, JR.

Appellant No. 1811 MDA 2014

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence September 26, 2014

In the Court of Common Pleas of York County

Criminal Division at No(s): CP-67-CR-0007472-2013

*************************************************************

COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE SUPERIOR COURT OF

PENNSYLVANIA

Appellee

v.

BRICE E. BENNETT, JR.

Appellant No. 1814 MDA 2014

Appeal from the Judgment of Sentence September 26, 2014

In the Court of Common Pleas of York County

Criminal Division at No(s): CP-67-CR-0007517-2013

BEFORE: BOWES, J., OTT, J., and STABILE, J.

OPINION BY OTT, J.: FILED SEPTEMBER 17, 2015

In this consolidated appeal, Brice E. Bennett, Jr., appeals from the

judgment of sentence imposed on September 26, 2014, in the Court of

Common Pleas of York County, following his conviction by a jury on charges

J-S34017-15

of defiant trespass and possession of drug paraphernalia,1 and by the judge

on the summary offense of public drunkenness. Bennett received an

aggregate sentence of 12 months and 30 days to 24 months’ incarceration,

to be followed by 12 months’ probation.2 In this timely appeal, Bennett’s

counsel has filed an Anders3 brief, asserting all appellate issues are

frivolous, accompanied by a motion to withdraw as counsel. Bennett has

responded by filing, in this Court, a motion for relief of judgment, a petition

for writ of habeas corpus and an amendment to the petition for writ of

habeas corpus. After a thorough review of the submissions by the parties,

the certified record and relevant law, we affirm the judgment of sentence,

deny Bennett’s pro se filings, and grant counsel’s motion to withdraw.

The underlying facts of this matter are simply stated. Bennett had a

history of panhandling at Li’s Kitchen, located at 287 West Market Street,

York, Pennsylvania. Specifically, he approached patrons while they were in

the small parking lot adjacent to the restaurant. A security guard hired by

Li’s repeatedly told Bennett he was not allowed on the property. On two

____________________________________________

1

18 Pa.C.S. §§ 3503(b)(1)(i), 5505, and 35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(32),

respectively.

2

The 30-day sentence was imposed on the conviction for the summary

offense of public intoxication. Accordingly, it is a straight 30-day sentence.

3

Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967). See also, Commonwealth

v. McClendon, 434 A.2d 1185 (Pa. 1981) and Commonwealth v.

Santiago, 978 A.2d 349 (Pa. 2009).

-2-

J-S34017-15

occasions, August 8 and 23, 2013, Bennett, was arrested while in the

parking lot. On both occasions he exhibited indicia of intoxication and on

August 8, 2013, after being taken into custody, police officers found a crack

pipe in Bennett’s possession. Bennett testified he did not trespass; rather,

at all times he was on the public sidewalk. He argued that Li’s Kitchen had a

surveillance camera recording the activities in the parking lot, but no tape

was produced to confirm his alleged trespass. The police officers

acknowledged the existence of the camera, but testified because they had

witnessed Bennett in the parking lot, they had no need to obtain the video

tape. A jury determined Bennett was guilty of two counts of defiant trespass

and one count of possession of drug paraphernalia, and the trial judge found

Bennet guilty on the summary counts of public drunkenness.

Before we begin our substantive analysis, we must first review defense

counsel’s Anders brief and motion to withdraw. See Commonwealth

Goodwin, 928 A.2d 287 (Pa. Super. 2007) (en banc).

Prior to withdrawing as counsel on a direct appeal under

Anders, counsel must file a brief that meets the requirements

established by our Supreme Court in Santiago. The brief must:

(1) provide a summary of the procedural history and facts,

with citations to the record;

(2) refer to anything in the record that counsel believes

arguably supports the appeal;

(3) set forth counsel's conclusion that the appeal is

frivolous; and

-3-

J-S34017-15

(4) state counsel's reasons for concluding that the appeal

is frivolous. Counsel should articulate the relevant facts of

record, controlling case law, and/or statutes on point that

have led to the conclusion that the appeal is frivolous.

Santiago, 978 A.2d at 361. Counsel also must provide a copy

of the Anders brief to his client. Attending the brief must be a

letter that advises the client of his right to: “(1) retain new

counsel to pursue the appeal; (2) proceed pro se on appeal; or

(3) raise any points that the appellant deems worthy of the

court’s attention in addition to the points raised by counsel in the

Anders brief.” Commonwealth v. Nischan, 928 A.2d 349,

353 (Pa. Super. 2007), appeal denied, 594 Pa. 704, 936 A.2d 40

(2007).

Commonwealth v. Orellana, 86 A.3d 877, 889-880 (Pa. Super. 2014).

Here, counsel has fulfilled all of the dictates of Anders/Santiago,

although he incorrectly informed Bennett that he was entitled to proceed pro

se or with private counsel “if the Superior Court permits me to withdraw”.

See Letter to Bennett, 3/4/2015, at 1. However, this error was corrected by

a sua sponte notice from our Court dated March 10, 2015, informing Bennett

that he was entitled to proceed pro se or obtain private counsel in response

to counsel’s Anders brief; he was not required to wait until counsel’s motion

to withdraw had been ruled granted. Because all technical requirements for

Anders/Santiago have been complied with, proceed to the issue identified

in the Anders brief.

The sole issue raised in the Anders brief is a challenge to the

sufficiency of the evidence. Counsel has correctly noted that there was an

-4-

J-S34017-15

abundance of evidence to support all convictions. A person commits the

offense of defiant trespass,

[i]f knowing that he is not licensed or privileged to do so, he

enters or remains in any place as to which notice against

trespass has been given by actual communication to the actor.

18 Pa.C.S. § 3503(b)(1)(i).

The evidence presented at trial demonstrated Bennett had been

informed multiple times he was not to be on Li’s Kitchen’s property. In spite

of that instruction, he was apprehended twice in Li’s parking lot.

The offense of possession of drug paraphernalia prohibits:

The use of, or possession with intent to use, drug paraphernalia

for the purpose of planting, propagating, cultivating, growing,

harvesting, manufacturing, compounding, converting, producing,

processing, preparing, testing, analyzing, packing, repacking,

storing, containing, concealing, injecting, ingesting, inhaling or

otherwise introducing into the human body a controlled

substance in violation of this act.

35 P.S. § 780-113(a)(32).

The evidence produced at trial showed conclusively that Bennett

possessed a glass pipe, commonly used for smoking crack cocaine, including

a piece of Brillo-type steel wool, which is used as both a filter and a holder of

the crack cocaine being smoked. Both the pipe and steel wool had burnt

residue, indicating the pipe had been used. Accordingly, there was sufficient

evidence to support Bennett’s conviction on this charge.

Finally, the offense of public drunkenness requires proof that a person,

[a]ppears in any public place manifestly under the influence of

alcohol or a controlled substance … to the degree that he may

-5-

J-S34017-15

endanger himself or other persons or property, or annoys

persons in his vicinity

18 Pa.C.S. § 5505.

Police testimony demonstrated Bennett showed indicia of intoxication,

including stumbling and slurred speech. In finding Bennett guilty, the

Honorable Thomas H. Kelley, VI, stated:

I can say that based upon his behavior, which resulted in the

two charges of defiant trespass, I can make the inference that

he was a danger to himself putting himself at risk of being

arrested or to others.

N.T. Trial, 8/7/2014, at 139.

The evidence presented at trial also showed that Bennett was flailing

his arms about, shouting at and arguing with both the security guard and

the police, and was, on one occasion, jumping in and out of patrons’ cars.

Such activities may be properly classified as both annoying and dangerous.

Therefore, there was sufficient evidence to support the summary convictions

for public drunkenness.

We now examine Bennett’s pro se allegations. In his motion for relief

from judgment filed with this court, he argues: (1) the criminal complaints

filed against him were without seal and therefore not official and so deprived

him of due process, and (2) that the trial court erred in failing to charge the

jury on the best evidence rule regarding the Commonwealth’s failure to

produce the surveillance video. These claims are unavailing.

-6-

J-S34017-15

Bennett is correct that the criminal complaint regarding the August 8,

2013 charges has no seal.4 However, Pa.R.Crim.P. 109 mandates:

A defendant shall not be discharged nor shall a case be

dismissed because of a defect in the form or content of a

complaint, citation, summons, or warrant, or a defect in the

procedures of these rules, unless the defendant raises the defect

before the conclusion of the trial in a summary case or before

the conclusion of the preliminary hearing in a court case, and the

defect is prejudicial to the rights of the defendant.

Pa.R.Crim.P. 109.

The defect was not raised before the conclusion of either the

preliminary hearing or trial, and so the issue has been waived. See

Commonwealth v. Manni, 302 A.2d 374 (Pa. Super. 1973) (failure to

object to defect in complaint waives the issue). Moreover, other than a bald

allegation of a violation of due process, Bennett has not even attempted to

demonstrate how the lack of a seal on the criminal complaint caused him

prejudice.5

Next, he claims the trial judge erred in failing to charge the jury

regarding the best evidence rule. Generally speaking, the best evidence

rule is designed to certify the contents of a writing, recording or photograph

____________________________________________

4

The criminal complaint regarding the August 23, 2013 charges does have

the Seal of Magisterial District Judge, York County, District 19-3-05.

5

We note that Bennett was informed of the charges in a timely manner and

was able to put forward a defense.

-7-

J-S34017-15

by requiring the original of any of the above be presented as evidence. 6

Bennett misunderstands the import of the best evidence rule. As noted

previously, the parking lot of Li’s Kitchen was under video surveillance. The

police officers testified they personally witnessed Bennett in the parking lot

of Li’s Kitchen and not standing on the public sidewalk. Bennett argued the

eyewitness testimony was not as good as the video surveillance would have

been. Therefore, the “best evidence” was not produced by the

Commonwealth.7 The best evidence rule does not address the

Commonwealth’s presentation of video versus eyewitness testimony.8

Accordingly, the trial court did not err in failing to charge the jury on the

best evidence rule.9

____________________________________________

6

See Pa.R.E. 1002, “An original writing, recording or photograph is required

in order to prove is content unless these rules, other rules prescribed by the

Supreme Court, or a statute provide.” See also Pa.R.E. 1003, which allows a

duplicate to be admitted as evidence unless a genuine question regarding

the original’s authenticity has been raised.

7

The jury knew that video surveillance was in operation at Li’s Kitchen and

that no video evidence was presented at trial. Bennett’s counsel argued in

closing that the failure to present video evidence weighed against the

Commonwealth.

8

Had the video surveillance been introduced into evidence, the best

evidence rule would have applied to ensure the reliability of the video.

9

Bennett also raised a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel. Such

claims are not cognizable in a direct appeal; they are properly raised in a

Post Conviction Relief Act petition. See Commonwealth v. Grant, 813

A.2d 726 (Pa. 2002) (ineffective assistance of counsel claims to be raised via

PCRA).

-8-

J-S34017-15

Bennett has also filed a petition for writ of habeas corpus and

amendment thereto, claiming, initially, that counsel was ineffective for

failing to realize and inform the court that he was medically “unable to be

cognizant of his guaranteed constitutional rights.” Although the remainder

of the petition and amendment are not readily understandable, he also

appears to argue again that he was unjustly convicted because of the failure

to produce the surveillance video.10 Because, as best as we can discern,

these claims sound in ineffective assistance of counsel and the fact that

habeas corpus has been subsumed by the Post Conviction Relief Act (PCRA),

42 Pa.C.S. § 9541 et seq., we dismiss these claims without prejudice to raise

them in a timely PCRA petition.11

Lastly, we address the extent of this Court’s review in the present

case. Most recently, in Commonwealth v. Flowers, 113 A.3d 1246 (Pa.

Super. 2015), a panel of our Court explicitly determined it is our

responsibility to review the entire record to see if there exists any additional,

____________________________________________

10

There are other claims that simply make no sense, such as a claim of

illegal sentence for retail theft. Bennett was not charged with retail theft

and was not sentenced for retail theft. He also claims the evidence against

him should have been suppressed because the police car approached him

with the high beams on and the siren was not activated.

11

Specifically, see Commonwealth v. Byers, 467 A.2d 9, 11 (Pa. Super.

1983) (habeas corpus subsumed by PCRA) and 42 Pa.C.S. § 9542 (same).

We wish to make clear that we are not in any way suggesting Bennett file a

PCRA petition or that any of the claims are in any way meritorious. We

simply note that, as raised, the claims are not currently cognizable.

-9-

J-S34017-15

non-frivolous issues that might have been overlooked by counsel. Id. at

1250. Flowers relies on the en banc decision in Commonwealth v.

Goodwin, 928 A.2d 287 (Pa. Super. 2007 (en banc), to support this

approach. Flowers, and the myriad of cases cited in the lead and

dissenting opinions, address a “pure” Anders situation in which the only

brief under consideration is the one filed by counsel.

Here, Bennett availed himself of his right to file a pro se response

raising issues he believes were both meritorious and overlooked by counsel.

See Commonwealth v. Flowers, 113 A.3d at 1248-49 (after Anders brief

has been filed, appellant has the right to proceed pro se or hire private

counsel). By filing a pro se response, as in this case, or hiring private

counsel, the appellant has essentially filed an advocate’s brief. It is well-

settled that when an advocate’s brief has been filed on behalf of the

appellant, our Court is limited to examining only those issues raised and

developed in the brief. We do not act as, and are forbidden from acting as,

appellant’s counsel. Accordingly, our independent review is logically limited

in the situation presented herein. If we conduct an independent review of

the entire record, and conclude that there are no non-frivolous issues to be

found anywhere therein, we have rendered the appellant’s right to proceed

pro se or to hire private counsel, meaningless. There would be no point in

allowing a pro se or counseled filing if we had already determined any issue

raised therein was frivolous.

- 10 -

J-S34017-15

Therefore, when an appellant, either acting pro se or through private

counsel, files a response to the Anders brief, our independent review is

limited to those issues raised in the Anders brief. We then review the

subsequent pro se or counseled filing as we do any advocate’s brief. Such

approach is supported by dicta in Commonwealth v. Baney, 860 A.2d 127

(Pa. Super. 2004),12 which stated:

1. The Superior Court should initially consider only the Anders

brief to determine whether the issues are in fact wholly frivolous.

2. If the Court determines that the issues are not wholly

frivolous, it should grant relief accordingly.

3. If it finds the issues in the Anders brief to be wholly frivolous,

the Court should determine whether the defendant has been

given a reasonable amount of time to either file a pro se brief or

obtain new counsel. See Anders, 386 U.S. at 744, 87 S.C.t

1396 (“A copy of counsel's brief should be furnished the indigent

and time allowed him to raise any points that he chooses”).

4. When a reasonable amount of time has passed and no pro se

or counseled brief has been filed, the Court should dismiss the

appeal as wholly frivolous pursuant to its initial determination

and affirm the decision of the trial court.

5. When a pro se or counseled brief has been filed within a

reasonable amount of time, however, the Court should then

consider the merits of the issues contained therein and rule upon

them accordingly.

Commonwealth v. Baney, 860 A.2d 127, 129 (Pa. Super. 2004).

____________________________________________

12

The issue in Baney was whether the pro se filing in response to the

Anders brief should be considered or if it represented an improper hybrid

filing.

- 11 -

J-S34017-15

We have followed the procedure described above in reviewing both the

Anders brief and Bennett’s pro se filings. In light of the foregoing, based

upon our review, we find the claim raised by counsel in the Anders brief to

be frivolous. Additionally, all claims raised by Bennett in his pro se filings,

excepting those premature ineffective assistance of counsel claims, are also

frivolous. Accordingly, Bennett is not entitled to relief.

Judgment of sentence affirmed. Motion to withdraw as counsel

granted. Motion for relief from judgment is denied. Petition for writ of

habeas corpus and amendment thereto are denied. Any claims of ineffective

assistance of counsel raised therein are denied without prejudice to be

raised in a timely PCRA petition.

Judgment Entered.

Joseph D. Seletyn, Esq.

Prothonotary

Date: 9/17/2015

- 12 -