The opinion
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Mohamed Ali Hammad, V.M.D., :
:
Petitioner :
:
v. : No. 2421 C.D. 2014
: Submitted: August 14, 2015
Bureau of Professional and :
Occupational Affairs, State :
Board of Veterinary Medicine, :
:
Respondent :
BEFORE: HONORABLE BERNARD L. McGINLEY, Judge
HONORABLE PATRICIA A. McCULLOUGH, Judge
HONORABLE JAMES GARDNER COLINS, Senior Judge
OPINION BY
SENIOR JUDGE COLINS FILED: September 10, 2015
Mohamed Ali Hammad, V.M.D., (Petitioner), pro se, petitions for
review of the May 29, 2013 final order of the State Board of Veterinary Medicine
(Board) adopting the proposed adjudication and order of the Hearing Examiner as
the final adjudication and order of the Board. In adopting the Hearing Examiner’s
proposed order, the Board assessed a civil penalty of $5,000, and suspended
Petitioner’s veterinary license for two (2) years, stayed in favor of six (6) months
active suspension and eighteen (18) months of probation. Before this Court,
Petitioner argues that he was denied an opportunity to present his case before the
Board. We conclude that the Board followed proper procedure in adjudicating this
matter and that Petitioner was afforded due process of law. Therefore, we affirm
the order of the Board.
On June 29, 2012, a prosecuting attorney for the Department of State
(Department) issued an eight (8) count order to show cause alleging that Petitioner
had violated the Veterinary Medicine Practice Act1 (Act) and regulations
promulgated by the Board pursuant to the Act. (Order to Show Cause, Counts ¶¶1-
8, Reproduced Record (R.R.) at 7a-18a.) The order to show cause alleged that
Petitioner violated the recordkeeping2 and professional conduct regulations3
1
Act of December 27, 1974, P.L. 995, No. 326, as amended, 63 P.S. §§ 485.1-485.33.
2
Section 22 of Chapter 31 of the Pennsylvania Code regulates Recordkeeping by veterinarians
licensed under the Act and provides, inter alia:
Veterinary medical records serve as a basis for planning patient care and as a
means of communicating among members of the veterinary practice. The records
furnish documentary evidence of the patient's illness, hospital care and treatment
and serve as a basis for review, study and evaluation of the care and treatment
rendered by the veterinarian. A veterinary medical record shall be kept in a
problem-oriented or similar format that allows any veterinarian, by reading the
record, to proceed with the care and treatment of the patient and allow the Board
or other agency to determine the advice and treatment recommended and
performed. This section does not apply to laboratory animal practice.
(1) Record required. A veterinarian shall maintain a separate veterinary medical
record for each patient, herd or group, as appropriate, which accurately, legibly
and completely reflects the evaluation and treatment of the patient or patients. The
veterinary medical record must identify the treating individual after each chart
entry.
***
(3) Minimum content of record. Production animal veterinarians shall comply
with all Federal recordkeeping requirements, including requirements in 9 CFR
(relating to animals and animal products). Veterinary medical records for other
animals must include:
(i) Vaccination history.
(ii) Previous medical history, presenting symptoms and complaint.
(iii) Date of each examination.
(iv) Diagnosis.
(v) Results and findings of pathological or clinical laboratory
examination.
(vi) Findings of radiological examination.
(vii) Medical or surgical treatment.
(viii) Other diagnostic, corrective or therapeutic procedures.
2
promulgated by the Board, and was subject to discipline under Section 21(1) of the
Act for “[w]ilful or repeated violations of any provisions of this act or any of the
rules and regulations of the [B]oard”; under Section 21(11) of the Act for
“[i]ncompetence, gross negligence or other malpractice, or the departure from, or
failure to conform to, the standards of acceptable and prevailing veterinary medical
practice, in which case actual injury need not be established”; and under Section
21(12) of the Act for “[e]ngaging in practices in connection with the practice of
veterinary medicine which are in violation of the standards of professional conduct
as defined herein or prescribed by the rules of the board.” 63 P.S. § 485.21(1),
(11), (12); 49 Pa. Code §§ 31.22(1), (3), (9) and 31.21(8)(e).
On July 19, 2012, Petitioner filed an answer denying each of the
allegations made in the order to show cause and requesting a copy of the complaint
(ix) Documentation of drugs administered, prescribed or
dispensed, including dosage.
(x) Documentation of surgical and dental procedures, including
type and dosage of anesthesia, and dental charting.
***
(9) Veterinary medical records for vaccination clinics. A veterinarian providing
veterinary medical services to the public for a public health vaccination clinic or
an animal health vaccination clinic shall prepare a veterinary medical record that
includes, at a minimum, an identification of the client and patient, the vaccine lot
number, and the date and dosage administered. A veterinarian who provides
veterinary medical services to a vaccination clinic shall provide a means for
clients to obtain advice pertaining to postvaccine reactions for the 24-hour period
immediately following the time of vaccination.
49 Pa. Code § 31.22(1), (3), (9).
3
The Rules of Professional Conduct for veterinarians licensed under the Act provide under
Principle 8, subsection (e) that “Veterinarians shall dispense or administer only drugs, including
prescription drugs, that are within the expiration date specified by the manufacturer, and shall
dispense or administer only drugs that will not expire within the prescribed treatment period.”
49 Pa. Code § 31.21(8)(e).
3
made against him,4 as well as a hearing and the presence of the complainant at the
hearing. (Respondent’s Answer to Order to Show Cause, R.R. at 27a.) Petitioner
also filed a motion to dismiss on July 19, 2012 in which he stated that the
allegations were without foundation, that the prosecuting attorney for the
Department ignored his February 20, 2012 letter to the Board explaining his good
faith error and the steps he has taken to bring his practice into compliance with the
Board’s regulations regarding use of unexpired medications, and that the
prosecuting attorney for the Department was acting out of prejudice because
Petitioner is Muslim. (Respondent’s Motion to Dismiss, R.R. at 32a; Letter to
Investigator Larry Clinkscale, R.R. at 28a.)
On August 6, 2012, the Board issued an order denying Petitioner’s
motion to dismiss and delegating the matter to a Hearing Examiner to conduct a
formal hearing and to issue a proposed adjudication and order. (Board Order
08/06/12, R.R. at 41a.) On August 13, 2012, a Notice of Hearing for October 22,
2012 was mailed to Petitioner. (Notice, R.R. at 43a.) On August 30, 2012, the
Department filed a motion for a continuance because its expert witness was
unavailable to testify on October 22, 2012. (Motion to Continue, R.R. at 45a.) On
September 14, 2012, the Hearing Examiner granted the Department’s request for a
continuance. (Order Continuing Hearing, R.R. at 51a.) On September 17, 2012,
Petitioner filed a Motion to Deny the Continuance and Petitioner mailed a letter to
the Hearing Examiner initially assigned to this matter stating that he would not be
attending the hearing. (Letter to Hearing Examiner, R.R. at 44a.) On October 11,
4
Due process requires that Petitioner be given notice and an opportunity to be heard, as well as
the opportunity to confront and cross-examine adverse witnesses, but the Department is not
required to provide Petitioner with a copy of the complaint that initiated its investigation.
Pastore v. Commonwealth, Insurance Department, 558 A.2d 909, 913-914 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1989).
4
2012, a Notice of Rescheduled Hearing for November 19, 2012 was mailed to
Petitioner. (Rescheduled Notice, R.R. at 50a.)
The hearing was held before the Hearing Examiner on November 19,
2012. (Hearing Transcript (H.T.), Supplemental Reproduced Record (S.R.R.) at
31b-74b.) The Department presented the testimony of Brenda Crosby, owner of a
female light brown Yorkshire Terrier known as “Cinnamon” for which Petitioner
provided veterinary care; Larry Clinkscale, investigator for the Department,
Bureau of Enforcement and Investigation; and, as an expert in veterinary care,
Alan A. Kirkmayer, D.V.M.. (H.T. at 9, 25, 32, S.R.R. at 36b, 52b, 59b.) The
Department also admitted into evidence, inter alia, the health and vaccination
records of Cinnamon that Petitioner produced during the Department’s
investigation, a hand-written letter on Petitioner’s stationary addressed “to whom it
may concern” and signed by Petitioner that stated heartworm medicine could still
be effective up to 6 months after its expiration date, and an expert report prepared
by Dr. Kirkmayer. (H.T. at 32, 45, Exhibits F, G & K, S.R.R. at 59b, 72b, 78b,
80b-83b, 87b.) Petitioner did not appear for or participate in the hearing before the
Hearing Examiner.
On February 28, 2013, the Hearing Examiner issued a proposed
adjudication and order with findings of facts, conclusions of law, and a lengthy
discussion recommending that Petitioner be subject to disciplinary action because
each allegation in the order to show cause was proven by substantial evidence.
(Hearing Examiner Proposed Adjudication and Order (A&O), S.R.R. at 4b-28b.)
On March 7, 2013, the Board issued a Notice of Intent to Review the proposed
adjudication and order and, on March 16, 2013, Petitioner filed exceptions to the
proposed adjudication and order and requested a hearing before the Board. (Notice
5
of Intent to Review, R.R. at 60a; Respondent Brief, R.R. at 62a-63a; Letter
Request for Hearing, R.R. at 64a.) The Board issued its final order adopting the
proposed adjudication and order on May 29, 2013, including, inter alia, the
following findings of fact:
5. [Petitioner] examined a dog, Cinnamon, a female light brown
Yorkshire terrier owned by Brenda Crosby, on an initial visit on
March 16, 2011. (N.T. 11; Exhibit G)
6. Ms. Crosby brought Cinnamon to [Petitioner] for veterinary care
for a possible ear infection. (N.T.10 -11)
7. [Petitioner’s] veterinary medical records for Cinnamon for March
16, 2011 do not contain a history, presenting problem or findings on
physical examination, including weight or vital signs. (Exhibit G)
8. [Petitioner’s] veterinary medical records indicate “ear cleaning, ear
ointment” for Cinnamon’s March 16, 2011 appointment. (Exhibit G)
9. [Petitioner’s] March 16, 2011 veterinary medical records for
Cinnamon do not contain the following:
a. A description of the underlying medical problem,
which ear was being treated, history of the problem,
suspected or known cause of the problem, the ointment
used and the reason for the administration of Cephalexin;
b. An evaluation of the patient, including the presenting
problem, physical findings and treatment plan;
c. The dosage and instructions for the use of Cephalexin;
d. The name of the ear ointment, instructions for use and
dosage;
e. The signature or initials identifying the treating
veterinarian;
6
f. A vaccination history;
g. The previous medical history; and
h. The diagnosis.
(N.T. 37-40; Exhibits G and K)
10. On May 6, 2011, Ms. Crosby brought Cinnamon to [Petitioner]
for her annual vaccinations. (N.T. 14; Exhibit G)
11. [Petitioner’s] veterinary medical records for the May 6, 2011
appointment state that [Petitioner] administered DHLLP, rabies and
Lyme disease vaccinations, and dispensed “H-W tablet 28” and
"Rymadyl[5] 1/4 BID.” (Exhibit G)
12. [Petitioner’s] May 6, 2011 veterinary medical records for
Cinnamon do not contain the following:
a) A description of the underlying medical problem for
which Cinnamon was being seen and the reason for
dispensing Rimadyl;
b) An evaluation of the patient, including the presenting
problem, physical findings and treatment plan;
c) The dosage and instructions for the use of Rimadyl;
d) The name and brand of the heartworm medication,
strength, or instructions for use;
e) The duration of action of the vaccinations
administered, when booster vaccinations are needed, and
the manufacturer and/or lot number of the vaccines;
[5 This is footnote No. 3 in the adopted findings of fact:] The correct spelling of the medication is
Rimadyl[.]
7
f) The signature or initials identifying the treating
veterinarian;
g) A vaccination history;
h) A previous medical history; and
i) The diagnosis.
(N.T. 40 -41; Exhibits G and K)
13. A blood test is required prior to prescribing and dispensing
heartworm medication to a dog to ensure that the dog is not infected
with the parasite. (N.T. 40-41; Exhibit K)
14. [Petitioner] failed to perform a blood test or to ensure that a blood
test was performed prior to prescribing and dispensing heartworm
medication to Cinnamon. (N.T. 40-41; Exhibits G and K)
15. Rimadyl is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
(N.T. 41; Exhibit K)
16. Blood work is required prior to prescribing Rimadyl to ensure
that the dog is healthy before administering the medication. (N.T. 41;
Exhibit K)
17. Rimadyl can affect the bone marrow, liver, and kidneys of a dog,
and it is standard of care to do follow-up blood work every six months
if a dog is prescribed Rimadyl on a daily basis to make sure there are
no adverse effects. (N.T. 41; Exhibit K)
18. [Petitioner’s] veterinary medical records do not show any blood
work prior to dispensing Rimadyl to Cinnamon, and fail to include a
recommendation for follow-up blood work for Cinnamon. (N.T. 4I;
Exhibits G and K)
19. The May 16, 2011 entry in [Petitioner’s] veterinary medical
records for Cinnamon indicated that “H-W Tablet 28” was dispensed
to Cinnamon’s owner. (N.T. 40; Exhibit G)
8
20. Cinnamon’s owner identified the medication as Tri-Heart Plus
heartworm medication, Lot # SD0758, with an expiration date of
February 2011. (Exhibit H; N.T. 17)
21. The Tri-Heart Plus heartworm medication that [Petitioner]
dispensed to Cinnamon’s owner on May 6, 2011 had surpassed the
manufacture’s date of expiration. (N.T. 18; Exhibits H, I, L)
22. [Petitioner] stated [in writing] that heartworm medication “is 6
month package i.e. it is good after the expiration date for 6 month”
(sic). (OSC, Exhibit B)
23. [Petitioner] stated [in writing] that “I consider a two month after
the expiration date it doesn’t affect the potency of the heartworm
medication (prevent the H.W.) as it is not antibiotic or had any
potency to change.” (Exhibit F)
24. Medications that are beyond the manufacturer’s expiration date
may lose their potency and stability or may undergo other detrimental
changes that may affect the medication’s effectiveness and/or safety.
(Exhibit K)
25. Medication dispensed to an animal must be within the expiration
date not only at the time it is dispensed but for the entire treatment
period for which the medication is to be used. (N.T. 42)
(A&O, Findings of Fact (F.F.) ¶¶5-25, S.R.R. at 4b-7b.) Petitioner petitioned this
Court for review.6
6
Petitioner initially filed an appeal of the Board’s final order with the Philadelphia County Court
of Common Pleas (Common Pleas). On October 21, 2013, Common Pleas issued an order
transferring this matter to Commonwealth Court; however, a praecipe to transfer was not filed
and the matter remained dormant in the Common Pleas Office of the Prothonotary. On
September 9, 2014, Petitioner filed a Petition for Review with this Court that was docketed at
No. 1587 C.D. 2014 and was subsequently dismissed as duplicative of Petitioner’s Common
Pleas appeal. By October 29, 2014 order, this Court granted reconsideration of the dismissal and
directed the Board to effectuate transfer of the matter to Commonwealth Court. The Board filed
a praecipe to transfer on November 12, 2014 and, on December 1, 2014, the matter was
transferred to this Court and docketed at No. 2421 C.D. 2014.
9
Petitioner argues that the procedure which led the Board to take action
against his veterinary license was in error and that he should have been given the
opportunity to present his case to the full Board rather than a Hearing Examiner.7
Under the Act, when the Department takes disciplinary action against
a veterinarian’s license by issuing an order to show cause, the procedure that it
follows is governed by the Administrative Agency Law8 and the General Rules of
Administrative Practice and Procedure.9 The General Rules of Administrative
Practice and Procedure, often referred to as GRAPP, permit the Board to preside
over a disciplinary hearing or to designate a presiding officer to hold the hearing
and to issue a proposed report for the Board’s review.10 The ultimate decision on
what, if any, action to take lies with the Board; the Board may hold an additional
hearing, may make new findings of fact, may alter the sanctions recommended,
may reject the proposed report in its entirety, or may adopt the Hearing Examiner’s
7
This Court’s scope of review of an agency’s adjudication is limited to determining whether
constitutional rights were violated, whether errors of law were made, and whether necessary
findings of fact are supported by substantial evidence. Nelson v. State Board of Veterinary
Medicine, 863 A.2d 129, 132 n.4 (Pa. Cmwlth. 2004). Substantial evidence is such relevant
evidence that a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion. Shrader v.
Bureau of Professional and Occupational Affairs, 673 A.2d 1, 2 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1995). An
agency’s determination will be set aside if the agency has abused its discretion, exceeded its
authority or misapplied the law. Nelson, 863 A.2d at 132 n.4.
8
Act of April 28, 1978, P.L. 202, No. 53, as amended, 2 Pa. C.S. §§ 501-508.
9
1 Pa. Code §§ 31.1-35.251.
10
See, e.g., 1 Pa. Code § 35.123 (“Hearings will be held before the agency head or a presiding
officer designated under Subchapter E (relating to presiding officers).”); 1 Pa. Code § 35.185
(“When evidence is to be taken in a proceeding, either the agency head or, when designated for
that purpose, one or more of its members, examiners or other representative appointed according
to law, may preside at the hearing.”); 1 Pa. Code § 35.187 (detailing the authority delegated to
presiding officers, including, inter alia, to submit proposed reports); 1 Pa. Code § 35.205
(detailing the required contents of proposed reports).
10
proposed report and order without alteration.11 The Act does not require the Board
to provide a licensed veterinarian with a hearing in which the licensed veterinarian
may directly address the full Board prior to the imposition of sanctions. Sections
24 and 25 of the Act, 63 P.S. §§ 485.24 (“Disciplinary action authorized”) and
485.25 (“Procedure in disciplinary actions”).
In Petitioner’s disciplinary matter, the Board issued an order
delegating the case to the Hearing Examiner for a hearing and the preparation of a
proposed report. The Board’s order stated that the hearing and the proposed report
would adhere to the requirements of the Administrative Agency Law and the
General Rules of Administrative Practice and Procedure. Following the Board’s
order, Petitioner received notice, once for the original hearing and again for the
rescheduled hearing. Petitioner was informed of the allegations made by the
Department and that he had a right to an attorney, a right to present evidence, and a
right to challenge any evidence and cross-examine any witness against him at the
11
As this Court stated in A.O. v. Department of Public Welfare, 838 A.2d 35 (Pa. Cmwlth.
2003):
While a fact finder’s observation of the demeanor of a witness has traditionally
been viewed as an important factor in determining credibility, administrative
adjudicators are permitted to determine the credibility of testimony from the
reading of a transcript. Administrative agencies often use a system of adjudication
where a hearing examiner or presiding officer takes evidence and the ultimate fact
finder is a board or commission, which has the power to make findings of fact
based solely on a review of the record. See, e.g., Kramer v. Department of
Insurance, 654 A.2d 203 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1995) (presiding officer conducted an
evidentiary hearing, but the adjudication was issued by the Insurance
Commissioner)[.] An adjudicative method where the ultimate decision in a case
is made by an administrative fact finder who did not hear the testimony does not
deny a litigant due process of law.
A.O., 838 A.2d at 38 n.5 (internal citations omitted); see also McDermond v. Foster, 561 A.2d
70, 72 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1989).
11
hearing.12 Each of the notices Petitioner received also stated that the General Rules
of Administrative Practice and Procedure would govern the disposition of the
counts alleged by the Department against Petitioner.
Petitioner chose not to appear at the hearing and chose not to
challenge the evidence against him or to cross-examine the Department’s
witnesses. It is clear from Petitioner’s filings that he believed he should have and
ultimately would have an opportunity to go before the members of the Board,
which include fellow veterinarians and members of the public, and plead his case
directly to them. However, Petitioner was repeatedly given notice that he was
mistaken and having received notice of his rights, the procedure that would be
followed, the allegations made against him, and the possible consequences for his
license to practice, Petitioner refused to engage in the disciplinary proceedings
before the Hearing Examiner. Petitioner’s refusal to engage in the process he was
due does not amount to an error in that process or to a violation of Petitioner’s
rights.
Accordingly, we affirm the order of the Board.
_______________ ______________________
JAMES GARDNER COLINS, Senior Judge
12
“Constitutional due process is a flexible concept, and thus, implicates procedural protections
as each particular situation demands.” Chester Water Authority v. Pennsylvania Public Utility
Commission, 868 A.2d 384, 391 (Pa. 2005); Gombach v. Department of State, Bureau of
Commissions, Elections & Legislation, 692 A.2d 1127, 1129-30 (Pa. Cmwlth. 1997). In
administrative or quasi-judicial proceedings, including proceedings before the Board, the basic
tenets of due process—notice and an opportunity to be heard—are mandated and apply with a
force equal to their application in judicial proceedings. See 2 Pa. C.S. § 504 (“No adjudication
of a Commonwealth agency shall be valid as to any party unless he shall have been afforded
reasonable notice of a hearing and an opportunity to be heard. All testimony shall be
stenographically recorded and a full and complete record shall be kept of the proceedings.”);
Pennsylvania Bankers Association v. Pennsylvania Department of Banking, 956 A.2d 956, 965
(Pa. 2008).
12
IN THE COMMONWEALTH COURT OF PENNSYLVANIA
Mohamed Ali Hammad, V.M.D., :
:
Petitioner :
:
v. : No. 2421 C.D. 2014
:
Bureau of Professional and :
Occupational Affairs, State :
Board of Veterinary Medicine, :
:
Respondent :
ORDER
AND NOW, this 10th day of September, 2015, the final order of the
Bureau of Professional and Occupational Affairs, State Board of Veterinary
Medicine in the above-captioned matter is AFFIRMED.
_______________ ______________________
JAMES GARDNER COLINS, Senior Judge