William Craig Pruitt v. State

In The

Court of Appeals

Ninth District of Texas at Beaumont

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NO. 09-06-459 CR

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WILLIAM CRAIG PRUITT, Appellant

V.

THE STATE OF TEXAS, Appellee

On Appeal from the 252nd District Court

Jefferson County, Texas

Trial Cause No. 94955

MEMORANDUM OPINION

After signing a waiver of indictment, appellant William Craig Pruitt was charged by

information with injury to a child, and he pled guilty pursuant to a plea bargain. The trial

court found the evidence sufficient to find Pruitt guilty of injury to a child, found Pruitt

guilty, and assessed punishment at ten years of confinement and a $1,000 fine. However, the

trial court suspended the imposition of the sentence and placed Pruitt on community

supervision for ten years. The State subsequently filed a motion to revoke Pruitt's

community supervision, and Pruitt pled "true" to four violations of the conditions of his

community supervision. The trial court revoked Pruitt's community supervision and assessed

punishment at ten years of confinement. Pruitt then filed this appeal, in which he raises three

issues for our review. We affirm.

In his first issue, Pruitt argues the trial court lacked authority to proceed in the absence

of an indictment. In issue two, Pruitt asserts the trial court failed to admonish him

concerning "his purported waiver of indictment." In issue three, Pruitt contends the trial

court "erred in accepting the plea of guilty in the absence of a valid waiver of indictment in

accordance with applicable statutes." We address these issues together.

Pruitt complains that the waiver of indictment he executed was invalid because the

jurat at the bottom of the form was unexecuted, the trial court did not advise him at the plea

hearing of his right to proceed under an indictment, and the trial court did not sign the

waiver. (1) A judgment placing a defendant on community supervision generally cannot be

attacked in an appeal of the revocation proceeding. Burrell v. State , 492 S.W.2d 482, 483-84

(Tex. Crim. App. 1973). However, "[i]f an accused has not effectively waived his right to

an indictment in full accordance with the statute the felony information is void[,]" and the

judgment is void and may be attacked at any time. King v. State , 473 S.W.2d 43, 52 (Tex.

Crim. App. 1971); see also Teal v. State , No. PD-0689-06, 2007 WL 676221 , at *2 n.17

(Tex. Crim. App. Mar. 7, 2007).

A person charged with a felony has a constitutional right to be indicted by a grand

jury. See Tex. Const. art. I, § 10; Teal , 2007 WL 676221, at *2 . However, "[a] person

represented by legal counsel may in open court or by written instrument voluntarily waive

the right to be accused by indictment of any offense other than a capital felony. On waiver

as provided in this article, the accused shall be charged by information." Tex. Code Crim.

Proc. Ann. art. 1.141 (Vernon 2005). A waiver of indictment must be made intelligently,

voluntarily, and knowingly by the accused while represented by counsel. Lackey v. State ,

574 S.W.2d 97, 100 (Tex. Crim. App. 1978); King , 473 S.W.2d at 52 . If the record reflects

that an accused properly waived his right to an indictment, an accused may be tried on an

information. Ex parte Hunter , 604 S.W.2d 188, 190 (Tex. Crim. App. 1980).

The waiver Pruitt signed states as follows, in pertinent part:

That the defendant, duly represented by legal counsel, appeared in open

Court, in the above cause, prior to arraignment herein, and was then and there

duly advised by the Court of defendant's right and privilege, to request this

case be presented by indictment, returned by Grand Jury; or in the alternative,

to elect that charges herein, be presented by Information, as provided by law,

and duly explained by the Court. The accused further alleges and admits the

receipt of the foregoing advice and explanation, that same were then and there

fully explained, and clearly understood.

Although the reporter's record of the plea hearing does not reflect that the trial court

admonished Pruitt of his right to proceed under an indictment, the waiver states that the trial

court advised Pruitt of this right in open court at some point prior to arraignment. Both Pruitt

and his trial counsel signed the waiver. Although the trial court did not specifically advise

Pruitt at the plea hearing of his right to proceed under an indictment, the trial court did ask

Pruitt whether he signed the waiver, and Pruitt responded affirmatively. The trial court also

asked Pruitt whether his attorney adequately explained the waiver to his "full and complete

satisfaction" before Pruitt signed it, and Pruitt responded, "Yes, sir."

Article 1.141 expressly permits written waivers, and it does not require that the trial

court advise an accused of his right to proceed under an indictment, nor does it require that

a written waiver of indictment be signed by the trial court or sworn. See Tex. Code Crim.

Proc. Ann. art. 1.141. Pruitt cites Garrett v. State , 625 S.W.2d 809, 810 (Tex. App.--Houston [14th Dist.] 1981, no pet.), in support of his contention that a valid waiver must be

signed by the trial judge. However, Garrett did not hold that a waiver must be signed by the

trial judge to be valid. Id . Rather, after reciting the well-settled principle that an effective

waiver of indictment must be intelligently, voluntarily, and knowingly given by the accused

while represented by counsel, the Garrett court simply recited that the waiver form at issue

contained the trial judge's statement that he had advised the appellant of his right to be

prosecuted by indictment. Id . A waiver of indictment need not be signed by the trial court

to be valid. Gonzales v. State , 684 S.W.2d 768, 771 (Tex. App.--Waco 1984, no pet.) (Trial

court need not sign a waiver of indictment for it to be valid.). Pruitt also cites Ellard v. State ,

650 S.W.2d 840 (Tex. Crim. App. 1983), and Messer v. State , 729 S.W.2d 694 (Tex. Crim.

App. 1986). However, both Ellard and Messer involved a waiver by the accused of the right

to jury trial under article 1.15 (which requires that a waiver of the right to jury trial be

approved by the court in writing and filed in the papers of the cause), not a waiver of

indictment under article 1.141 (which contains no such requirements). See Ellard , 650

S.W.2d at 841 ; Messer , 729 S.W.2d at 695 ; Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. arts. 1.13, 1.141,

1.15 (Vernon 2005). Therefore, Ellard and Messer are inapposite.

We presume the regularity of proceedings in the trial court. See Ex parte Guzman ,

589 S.W.2d 461, 464 (Tex. Crim. App. 1979). The record reflects that Pruitt and his counsel

both signed a waiver that fully explained Pruitt's right to proceed under an indictment, and

that the trial court questioned Pruitt and ascertained that Pruitt had signed the document after

counsel had fully explained it to him. The fact that the trial court did not sign the waiver or

advise Pruitt at the plea hearing of his right to proceed under an indictment does not render

the waiver void. See Tex. Code Crim. Proc. Ann. art. 1.141; Gonzales , 684 S.W.2d at 771

(holding that a waiver of indictment need not be signed by the trial court to be valid); Lackey ,

574 S.W.2d at 100 (requiring only that a waiver of indictment be made intelligently,

voluntarily, and knowingly while represented by counsel). Accordingly, we overrule Pruitt's

issues and affirm the trial court's judgment.

AFFIRMED.

STEVE McKEITHEN

Chief Justice

Submitted on May 3, 2007

Opinion Delivered June 6, 2007

Do Not Publish

Before McKeithen, C.J., Kreger and Horton, JJ.

1. Pruitt's brief also "points out" that the information states it is based upon information

provided by a "creditable" person rather than a "credible" person. However, Pruitt's brief

does not contain an issue asserting that this alleged error makes the information invalid, nor

does he cite any authorities regarding the significance, if any, of this alleged defect in the

information. See Tex. R. App. P. 38.1(h). Pruitt's brief also cites no authorities supporting

his contention that the waiver must be sworn. See id .