dismissing 80B appeal as moot “because a ruling on the superseded [Planning Board] decision would not produce sufficient practical effects to justify the application of limited judicial resources” when subsequent decisions of the Planning Board were not appealed (alteration and quotation marks omitted)
How later courts described this case
- dismissing 80B appeal as moot “because a ruling on the superseded [Planning Board] decision would not produce sufficient practical effects to justify the application of limited judicial resources” when subsequent decisions of the Planning Board were not appealed (alteration and quotation marks omitted)
- reviewing an 80B appeal for mootness although the initial reviewing court did not
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
MAINE SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT Reporter of Decisions
Decision: 2015 ME 12
Docket: BCD-14-41
Argued: September 4, 2014
Decided: February 5, 2015
Panel: SAUFLEY, C.J., and ALEXANDER, MEAD, GORMAN, JABAR, and HJELM, JJ.*
THE WITHAM FAMILY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
v.
TOWN OF BAR HARBOR et al.
SAUFLEY, C.J.
[¶1] The Witham Family Limited Partnership appeals from a judgment
entered in the Business and Consumer Docket (Nivison, J.) affirming two May
2010 decisions of the Bar Harbor Appeals Board that required the Bar Harbor
Planning Board to approve a site plan for construction of a hotel on land abutting
Witham’s land in Bar Harbor. Witham did not, however, appeal from a May 2010
decision of the Planning Board, on remand from the Appeals Board, that contained
new findings and resulted in site plan approval, or from the Planning Board’s May
2012 approval of an amended site plan. Because Witham did not appeal from the
Planning Board’s May 2010 or May 2012 site plan approvals that apparently
*
Silver, J., sat at oral argument and participated in the initial conference but retired before this
opinion was adopted.
2
resulted in the construction of the West Street Hotel, which has been operating
since 2012, we dismiss Witham’s appeal as moot.
I. BACKGROUND
[¶2] On March 17, 2010, the Bar Harbor Planning Board denied the
application of North South Corporation, LLC, for site plan approval to construct a
102-room hotel on property that abuts land owned by the Witham Family Limited
Partnership. See Witham Family Ltd. P’ship v. Town of Bar Harbor, 2011 ME
104, ¶¶ 1-2, 30 A.3d 811. The Planning Board denied the application, finding that
the hotel would exceed the Bar Harbor Land Use Ordinance’s height requirements.
North South appealed from the Planning Board’s denial to the Bar Harbor Appeals
Board. Separately, Witham appealed from the Planning Board’s findings that
North South’s proposed project did conform with parking and street-width
requirements. Id. ¶ 5.
[¶3] On May 3, 2010, the Appeals Board concluded that the Planning Board
had misinterpreted the Ordinance’s height requirements. The Appeals Board
vacated the Planning Board’s denial of the application and remanded the matter to
the Planning Board with instructions to correct the erroneous application of the
Ordinance and to issue North South’s requested site plan approval. After remand,
in a decision dated May 19, 2010, the Planning Board entered additional factual
findings and legal conclusions, issued specific conditions for the project, and
3
approved the proposed site plan. No appeal was taken from this decision. On May
24, 2010, the Appeals Board, in ruling on Witham’s appeal from the original denial
of site plan approval, affirmed the Planning Board’s March 17, 2010, decision with
respect to parking and street-width requirements.1
[¶4] Witham filed a complaint in the Superior Court challenging both the
May 3, 2010, and the May 24, 2010, decisions of the Appeals Board. See M.R.
Civ. P. 80B. The court (Hancock County, Cuddy, J.) dismissed the complaint on
the ground that Witham lacked standing. Witham Family Ltd. P’ship, 2011 ME
104, ¶¶ 1, 6, 30 A.3d 811. Witham appealed to us. We concluded that Witham, an
abutter, had standing, and we vacated the court’s judgment and remanded the
matter to the Superior Court on November 1, 2011. Id. ¶¶ 1, 14-18.
[¶5] In the spring of 2012, while this matter remained pending in the
Superior Court, North South applied to the Planning Board to amend its approved
site plan by reducing the number of hotel rooms and parking spaces. In May 2012,
the Planning Board granted North South’s application with certain conditions.
Witham did not appeal from the May 2012 decision or the issuance of any building
1
The Appeals Board’s issuance of separate rulings on the parties’ appeals from the March 2010
decision, which is not explained in the record, may have added to the confusion regarding the need to
appeal from the Planning Board’s May 19, 2010, decision.
4
permits or other permits.2 North South built the modified version of the hotel and
opened for business in 2012.
[¶6] On October 21, 2013, after almost two years of inaction in the Superior
Court following our remand, the case was transferred to the Business and
Consumer Docket. The Business and Consumer Docket justice (Nivison, J.)
promptly entered a judgment on January 14, 2014, affirming the Planning Board’s
determinations that the hotel did not violate height restrictions and complied with
the parking requirements of the Ordinance. Witham timely appealed to us. See 14
M.R.S. § 1851 (2014); M.R. Civ. P. 80B(n); M.R. App. P. 2(b)(3).
2
The Ordinance, and the Planning Board’s May 19, 2010, and May 2012 decisions approving the site
plan, required the separate issuance of building permits, and possibly other permits, before construction
could begin. See Bar Harbor, Me., Land Use Ordinance §§ 125-61(H), 125-77(B) (Jan. 2009). Indeed,
the Planning Board imposed certain conditions that it explicitly stated had to be met before a building
permit could be issued. The record before us does not include any evidence that building permits or other
permits were issued either in 2010 or in 2012, and neither party challenges the Town of Bar Harbor’s
actions related to any required permits. Because neither party introduced any permits or made any
arguments in the administrative or judicial proceedings related to permitting, we do not address the effect
of any permitting decisions on Witham’s appeal to us.
We note, however, that this case stands as an example of the confusion that may arise when a party
must determine the proper administrative decision or decisions from which to appeal, a determination that
may—as with timeframes for filing appeals—depend “on the nature of the local government action and
whether the appeal is taken from a planning board decision [or] board of appeals decision.” Beckford v.
Town of Clifton, 2014 ME 156, ¶ 27, --- A.3d --- (Saufley, C.J., concurring). The Ordinance in the matter
before us is not instructive on this question. See Bar Harbor, Me., Land Use Ordinance § 125-103 (Jan.
2009) (authorizing an appeal “within 30 days of any [written] decision or enforcement action by a
municipal body or official who or which interprets” the Land Use Ordinance); see also Bar Harbor, Me.,
Land Use Ordinance §§ 125-77 to -80 (Jan. 2009) (providing, as part of the Land Use Ordinance, for a
permitting process that may result in the issuance of a certificate of occupancy). Parties affected by
municipal decision-making would benefit from efforts by the Legislature, or individual municipalities, to
specify how and when to appeal from municipal decisions. See Beckford, 2014 ME 156, ¶ 29, --- A.3d ---
(Saufley, C.J., concurring).
5
II. DISCUSSION
[¶7] We conclude that the appeal before us is moot because Witham did not
appeal from the Planning Board’s May 19, 2010, decision approving the proposed
site plan or from the Planning Board’s May 2012 approval of an amended site plan.
“Courts cannot issue opinions on questions of fact or law simply because the issues
are disputed or interesting. Courts can only decide cases before them that involve
justiciable controversies.” Lewiston Daily Sun v. Sch. Admin. Dist. No. 43, 1999
ME 143, ¶ 12, 738 A.2d 1239. “Justiciability requires a real and substantial
controversy, admitting of specific relief through a judgment of conclusive
character . . . .” Id. (quotation marks omitted). “If a case does not involve a
justiciable controversy, it is moot,” id. ¶ 13, because there are insufficient
“practical effects flowing from the resolution of the litigation to justify the
application of limited judicial resources,” Clark v. Hancock Cnty. Comm’rs, 2014
ME 33, ¶ 11, 87 A.3d 712 (quotation marks omitted). Witham’s appeal is moot
because a ruling on the superseded decision would not produce “sufficient practical
effects . . . to justify the application of limited judicial resources.” Id. (quotation
marks omitted).
[¶8] Even if the Planning Board had correctly initially denied the
application for site plan approval on March 17, 2010, the Planning Board’s
May 19, 2010, decision approving the site plan contained a new finding and
6
imposed specific conditions. That approval remains in effect, as does the Planning
Board’s later approval of the amended site plan in May 2012. No appeal was taken
from either of those decisions, and the hotel is now fully operational.
[¶9] Although there are exceptions to the mootness doctrine, see Lewiston
Daily Sun, 1999 ME 143, ¶ 17, 738 A.2d 1239, none of them applies here because
the collateral consequences that would flow from the decision are not “more than
conjectural and insubstantial consequences,” Sordyl v. Sordyl, 1997 ME 87, ¶ 6,
692 A.2d 1386 (quotation marks omitted); the appeal does not present an issue of
great public concern, see Lewiston Daily Sun, 1999 ME 143, ¶ 17, 738 A.2d 1239;
and the issues in this case are not so fleeting that, though capable of repetition, they
evade review, see id. Because the controversy on appeal is moot and no exception
to the mootness doctrine applies, we dismiss the appeal.3
The entry is:
Appeal dismissed.
3
Even if we decided, given the unusual procedural posture of this case, that we should reach the
substantive issues raised on appeal, we agree with the court that (1) the proposed building does not violate
the height restrictions of the Ordinance because a rooftop pool with a deck does not constitute an
additional story of habitable space, see Bar Harbor, Me., Land Use Ordinance §§ 125-21(G)(2),
125-108(A) (Jan. 2009); Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary (2012) (defining “story” as “the space
in a building between two adjacent floor levels or between a floor and the roof” and “habitable” to mean
“capable of being lived in: suitable for habitation”), and (2) the proposed parking plan did not violate the
parking requirements of the ordinance, see Bar Harbor, Me., Land Use Ordinance §§ 125-67(B)(4)(b),
(D)(3)(b)(2), 125-109(TRANSIENT ACCOMMODATIONS)(H) (Jan. 2009).
7
On the briefs:
John C. Bannon, Esq., and John B. Shumadine, Esq., Murray, Plumb &
Murray, Portland, for appellant The Witham Family Limited Partnership
William B. Devoe, Esq., P. Andrew Hamilton, Esq., and Jonathan A. Pottle,
Esq., Eaton Peabody, Bangor, for appellee North-South Corporation
The Town of Bar Harbor did not file a brief
At oral argument:
John C. Bannon, Esq., for appellant The Witham Family Limited Partnership
P. Andrew Hamilton, Esq., for appellee North-South Corporation
Business and Consumer Docket docket number AP-13-06
FOR CLERK REFERENCE ONLY