Okafor v. Okafor

An unpublished opinion of the North Carolina Court of Appeals does not constitute

controlling legal authority. Citation is disfavored, but may be permitted in accordance

with the provisions of Rule 30(e)(3) of the North Carolina Rules of Appellate Procedure.

NO. COA13-1441

NORTH CAROLINA COURT OF APPEALS

Filed: 5 August 2014

BONAVENTURE OKAFOR and

UZOMAKA OKAFOR,

Plaintiffs,

v. Guilford County

No. 12 CVS 10235

DONATUS OKAFOR, NORDICA L.

JEFFERS, RUDOLPH P. JEFFERS,

JR., EMBRACE HOME LOANS, INC.,

and MORTGAGE ELECTRONIC

REGISTRATION SYSTEMS, INC.,

Defendants.

Appeal by plaintiffs from judgment entered 30 September

2013 by Judge Lindsay R. Davis, Jr. in Guilford County Superior

Court. Heard in the Court of Appeals 24 April 2014.

Law Office of Timothy Gray, by Timothy W. Gray, for

plaintiffs-appellants.

Pendergrass Law Firm, PLLC, by James K. Pendergrass, Jr.,

for Nordica L. Jeffers, Rudolph P. Jeffers, Jr., Embrace

Home Loans, Inc. and Mortgage Electronic Registration

Systems, Inc., defendants-appellees.

Benson, Brown & Faucher, PLLC, by Grant Sigmon, for Donatus

Okafor, defendant-appellee.

HUNTER, JR., Robert N., Judge.

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Uzomaka Okafor and Bonaventure Okafor (collectively,

“Plaintiffs”) appeal from an order granting summary judgment in

favor of Donatus Okafor (“Defendant Donatus”), Nordica L.

Jeffers, Rudolph P. Jeffers, Jr., Embrace Homes, Inc., and

Mortgage Electronic Registration System, Inc. (collectively,

“the Jeffers Defendants”). Plaintiffs argue: (1) that they did

not intend for a prior settlement agreement to apply to the

current action; (2) that an attached affidavit within the

Jeffers Defendants’ summary judgment motion was inadmissible

because it violated N.C. R. Civ. P. 56(e); (3) that Defendant

Donatus did not raise the election of remedies doctrine as an

affirmative defense in his pleadings; and (4) that Defendant

Donatus’s summary judgment motion was not properly supported

because it contains only unverified assertions. After careful

review, we affirm.

I. Factual and Procedural History

On 28 October 2008, property located in Browns Summit,

Guilford County (“the Subject Property”) was transferred from

Wade Jurney Homes, Inc. to Plaintiff Bonaventure Okafor.1 On 21

January 2011, a deed was recorded that transferred the Subject

Property from Plaintiffs to Defendant Donatus for no taxable

1

Plaintiff Uzomaka Okafor is the wife of Bonaventure Okafor.

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consideration. On 1 April 2011, another deed was recorded

transferring the Subject Property from Defendant Donatus to

Defendants Nordica L. Jeffers and Rudolph P. Jeffers, Jr. At

the same time, Defendants Nordica L. Jeffers and Rudolph P.

Jeffers, Jr. executed a deed of trust in favor of Embrace Home

Loans, Inc., that identified Mortgage Electronic Registration

Systems, Inc. as a beneficiary of the deed of trust.

Plaintiffs filed a civil action designated 11 CVS 8772 on

21 September 2011 (“the First Action”) against Defendant Donatus

and the Jeffers Defendants, seeking to have the 21 January 2011

deed set aside on the basis of forgery and to have all

subsequent deeds and deeds of trust in the chain of title

declared null and void, including the ones involving the Jeffers

Defendants. The same day, Plaintiff Bonaventure Okafor filed a

separate civil action designated 11 CVS 10024 (“the Second

Action”) against only Defendant Donatus alleging breach of

fiduciary duty, breach of constructive trust, and fraud.

Defendant Donatus counterclaimed against Plaintiffs for money

owed.

In May 2012, Plaintiffs and Defendant Donatus settled the

First Action and the Second Action, entering into a settlement

agreement (“the Settlement Agreement”). The Settlement

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Agreement provided that Plaintiffs would file a voluntary

dismissal as to both the First Action and the Second Action. In

return, Defendant Donatus agreed to pay $126,000 to Plaintiffs

and to execute a Confession of Judgment against himself so as to

secure his performance under the Settlement Agreement. The

Confession of Judgment was to be held in trust and not filed

unless Defendant Donatus defaulted on his payments. The Jeffers

Defendants were not parties to the Settlement Agreement.

On 25 May 2012, Plaintiffs issued a voluntary dismissal of

the First Action. On 14 June 2012, Defendant Donatus paid

Plaintiffs $30,000 in partial payment of the settlement, which

Plaintiffs accepted and retained. Thereafter, Defendant Donatus

defaulted on the agreement. On 24 October 2012, the Confession

of Judgment was docketed against Defendant Donatus in the amount

of $96,000 as a separate civil action designated 12 CVS 9926

(“the Third Action”). Plaintiffs concurrently filed the present

action designated 12 CVS 10235 (“the Fourth Action”), against

both Defendant Donatus and the Jeffers Defendants, seeking quiet

title relief over the Subject Property. Defendant Donatus filed

an answer on 25 January 2013, but did not mention the

affirmative defense of election of remedies.

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On 6 August 2013, the Jeffers Defendants filed a summary

judgment motion for the Fourth Action claiming the doctrine of

election of remedies barred recovery. This motion was supported

by Defendant Donatus’s Confession of Judgment and $30,000

partial settlement payment; an affidavit by Julia Pendleton

(“the Pendleton Affidavit”), the attorney for Defendant Donatus;

and affidavits by the Jeffers Defendants. On 13 August 2013,

Defendant Donatus also filed a motion for summary judgment on

the basis of settlement and release

On 3 September 2013, a hearing was held on Defendant

Donatus and the Jeffers Defendants’ summary judgment motions.

On 30 September 2013, the trial court granted both motions,

finding there was no genuine issue of material fact, and that

the doctrine of election of remedies barred Plaintiffs from any

additional recovery as a matter of law. The trial court also

treated Defendant Donatus’s summary judgment motion as a motion

to amend his answer to the complaint, thereby incorporating the

doctrine of election of remedies affirmative defense into his

answer. On 2 October 2013, Plaintiffs gave timely written

notice of appeal.

II. Jurisdiction and Standard of Review

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As Plaintiffs appeal from the final judgment of a superior

court, their appeal lies of right to this Court pursuant to N.C.

Gen. Stat. § 7A-27(b) (2013). “Our standard of review of an

appeal from summary judgment is de novo; such judgment is

appropriate only when the record shows that ‘there is no genuine

issue as to any material fact and that any party is entitled to

a judgment as a matter of law.’” In re Will of Jones, 362 N.C.

569, 573, 669 S.E.2d 572, 576 (2008) (quoting Forbis v. Neal,

361 N.C. 519, 524, 649 S.E.2d 382, 385 (2007)). “Under a de

novo review, the court considers the matter anew and freely

substitutes its own judgment for that of the lower tribunal.”

State v. Williams, 362 N.C. 628, 632–33, 669 S.E.2d 290, 294

(2008) (citation and quotation marks omitted).

III. Analysis

Plaintiffs argue: (1) that they did not intend for the

Settlement Agreement to apply to the current action; (2) that an

attached affidavit within the Jeffers Defendants’ summary

judgment motion was inadmissible because it violated Rule 56(e)

of the North Carolina Rules of Civil Procedure; (3) that

Defendant Donatus did not raise the election of remedies

doctrine as an affirmative defense in his pleadings; and (4)

that Defendant Donatus’s summary judgment motion was not

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properly supported because it contained only unverified

assertions.

A. Election of Remedies

Plaintiffs argue they did not intend for the Settlement

Agreement to release their claim to the Subject Property once

Defendant Donatus defaulted on his payments. Defendants argue

the Settlement Agreement shows Plaintiffs elected a monetary

remedy in full resolution of the First Action and the Second

Action and thus cannot further pursue recovery of the Subject

Property. “The purpose of the doctrine of election of remedies

is to prevent more than one redress for a single wrong.” McCabe

v. Dawkins, 97 N.C. App. 447, 448, 388 S.E.2d 571, 572 (1990).

A plaintiff accepting settlement of an action, or having

judgment rendered on his demand of an action, is a final redress

of that action, regardless of whether the amount of relief is

what plaintiff requested. Id. at 449, 388 S.E.2d at 572. When

a plaintiff has two remedies, he may choose between them, but he

must abide by the result of his choice. Baker v. Edwards & Son,

176 N.C. 229, 233, 97 S.E.2d 16, 17–18 (1918).

The Settlement Agreement between Plaintiffs and Defendant

Donatus states in part:

Whereas Plaintiffs and [Defendant Donatus]

desire to compromise and settle any and all

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disputes arising out of or in any way

connected with the matters described [in the

First Action and the Second Action] and the

issues involved in the [therein . . . ]

Accordingly, it is evident the Settlement Agreement was intended

as a full resolution for the First Action and the Second Action.

Furthermore, both parties agreed that Defendant Donatus paid

$30,000 in partial payment of the settlement of the First Action

and the Second Action; that Plaintiffs accepted and retained

this payment; that Defendant Donatus has confessed judgment in

favor of Plaintiffs according to the Settlement Agreement; and

that Plaintiffs accepted and executed this Confession of

Judgment. Additionally, Plaintiffs acknowledge that the current

action is essentially a refiling of the First Action and stems

from the same wrong of an alleged forged deed.

By accepting and retaining Defendant Donatus’s obligation

under the terms of the Settlement Agreement, Plaintiffs elected

to accept monetary damages as their remedy for the First Action

and the Second Action and are thereby barred from pursuing a

second remedy of acquiring quiet title over the Subject

Property.

When Defendant Donatus failed to make any other payments

under the Settlement Agreement, Plaintiffs executed the

Confession of Judgment for the remaining $96,000 owed, which

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affirmed the terms of the Settlement Agreement as their elected

remedy for the First Action and the Second Action. Plaintiffs’

inability to collect the remaining $96,000 they are owed by

Defendant Donatus does not entitle them to a second remedy for a

wrong they have already resolved.2 See Smith v. Gulf Oil Corp.,

239 N.C. 360, 368, 79 S.E.2d 880, 885 (1954) (holding that a

plaintiff may not have a double redress for a single wrong). If

Plaintiffs recover quiet title over the Subject Property after

(i) negotiating and entering into the Settlement Agreement, (ii)

accepting the Confession of Judgment, and (iii) retaining the

$30,000 partial payment, Plaintiffs would enjoy a double

recovery for a single wrong.

Plaintiffs argue they had two separate causes of action: a

monetary judgment in the Second Action, and a title judgment in

the First Action. However, the Settlement Agreement

incorporated and fully resolved both of these causes of action

by stating its desire to settle any and all disputes concerning

the matters and issues involved in the First and Second Actions.

When Plaintiffs affirmed the terms of the Settlement Agreement,

they forfeited their right to refile the First Action and

collect any different remedy other than the monetary one they

2

The remaining $96,000 owed by Defendant Donatus is the subject

of the Third Action, which is not at issue here.

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already agreed would serve as full compensation for both causes

of action. See Davis v. Hargett, 244 N.C. 157, 163, 92 S.E.2d

782, 786 (1956) (stating that a plaintiff may not keep the

benefit of a negotiated settlement and still recover in a suit

on the same action); Douglas v. Parks, 68 N.C. App. 496, 498–99,

315 S.E.2d 84, 86 (1984) (affirming that the terms of a

settlement bar a plaintiff from suing over the same action). We

affirm the trial court’s judgment.

B. The Pendleton Affidavit

Plaintiffs argue that the Pendleton Affidavit attached to

the Jeffers Defendants’ motion for summary judgment was

inadmissible as evidence because it was not based on Ms.

Pendleton’s personal knowledge, but instead on her beliefs

regarding the intentions and mindset of Defendant Donatus.3

However, Plaintiffs made no objection at the hearing regarding

the admissibility of the Pendleton Affidavit. “In order to

preserve an issue for appellate review, a party must have

presented to the trial court a timely request, objection, or

motion, stating the specific grounds for the ruling the party

desired the court to make if the specific grounds were not

3

N.C. R. Civ. P. 56(e) states that “affidavits shall be made on

personal knowledge, shall set forth such facts as would be

admissible in evidence, and shall show affirmatively that the

affiant is competent to testify to the matters stated therein.”

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apparent from the context.” N.C. R. App. P. 10(a)(1) (2013).

This Court will only consider pleadings and other filings that

were before the trial court, and appellants are not permitted on

appeal to raise new issues for the first time. See Westminster

Homes, Inc. v. Town of Cary Zoning Bd. Of Adjustment, 354 N.C.

298, 309, 554 S.E.2d 634, 641 (2001); Hoisington v. ZT-Winston-

Salem Assocs., 133 N.C. App. 485, 490, 516 S.E.2d 176, 180

(1999). Therefore, we do not review this issue.

C. Defendant Donatus’s Summary Judgment Motion

1. Affirmative Defense Not in the Pleadings

Plaintiffs allege that Defendant Donatus did not plead the

doctrine of election of remedies as an affirmative defense in

his answer to the original complaint and therefore cannot claim

the doctrine as an affirmative defense during summary judgment.

However, it is settled law that a defendant may raise a defense

for the first time at the summary judgment stage. See N.C.

Nat’l Bank v. Gillespie, 291 N.C. 303, 306, 230 S.E.2d 375, 377

(1976) (“[U]npleaded defenses, when raised by the evidence,

should be considered in resolving a motion for summary

judgment.”).

The trial court may consider evidence of an unpleaded

affirmative defense by either deeming the answer amended to

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conform to the evidence, or by allowing formal amendment of the

answer prior to considering the proof. Gillespie, 291 N.C. at

306, 230 S.E.2d at 377. Here, the trial court chose to do the

former when it treated the summary judgment motion itself as a

motion to amend the answer. Therefore, we hold the trial court

properly considered Defendant Donatus’s affirmative defense of

the election of remedies doctrine during the summary judgment

hearing.

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2. Verification

Plaintiffs also argue that Defendant Donatus’s motion for

summary judgment contains only unverified assertions that

Plaintiffs deny as being true, and therefore the unverified

assertions cannot be enough to support the summary judgment

motion. Summary judgment is appropriate when the record shows

that “there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that

any party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law.” In re

Will of Jones, 362 N.C. 569, 573, 669 S.E.2d 572, 576 (2008)

(quoting Forbis v. Neal, 361 N.C. 519, 523–24, 649 S.E.2d 382,

385 (2007)). A party moving for summary judgment has the burden

of clearly establishing the lack of any triable issue of

material fact by the record properly before the court. Caldwell

v. Deese, 288 N.C. 375, 378, 218 S.E.2d 379, 381 (1975).

“A contract that is plain and unambiguous on its face will

be interpreted by the court as a matter of law.” Cleland v.

Children’s Home, Inc., 64 N.C. App. 153, 156, 306 S.E.2d 587,

589 (1983). Here, the Settlement Agreement states in part:

Whereas Plaintiffs and [Defendant Donatus]

desire to compromise and settle any and all

disputes arising out of or in any way

connected with the matters described [in the

First Action and the Second Action] and the

issues involved in the [therein . . . ]

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The Settlement Agreement is, on its face, unambiguous and clear

that it was intended to settle and remedy any and all disputes

connected with the First Action and the Second Action. No

additional extrinsic evidence was needed for the trial court to

find, as a matter of law, that Plaintiffs elected their remedy

for the First Action and the Second Action through the

Settlement Agreement.4 Therefore, we hold Defendant Donatus’s

motion for summary judgment was properly supported.

IV. Conclusion

The trial court properly determined that, as a matter of

law, the doctrine of election of remedies bars Plaintiffs from

recovery in the current action and that no genuine issue of

material fact exists in this matter. For the foregoing reasons,

the judgment of the trial court is

AFFIRMED.

Judges STROUD and DILLON concur.

Report per Rule 30(e).

4

Similarly, the Pendleton Affidavit was not required to show

that the Settlement Agreement fully resolved the First Action

and the Second Action.