The opinion
[Cite as Lips v. Univ. of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 2010-Ohio-3479.]
Court of Claims of Ohio
The Ohio Judicial Center
65 South Front Street, Third Floor
Columbus, OH 43215
614.387.9800 or 1.800.824.8263
www.cco.state.oh.us
GAIL P. LIPS, Admx., etc.
Plaintiff
v.
UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
Defendant
Case No. 2009-01115
Judge Joseph T. Clark
DECISION
{¶ 1} An evidentiary hearing was conducted in this matter to determine whether
R. Bruce Bracken, M.D., is entitled to civil immunity pursuant to R.C. 2743.02(F) and
9.86. Upon review of evidence presented at the hearing, the court makes the following
determination.
{¶ 2} R.C. 2743.02(F) states, in part: “A civil action against an officer or
employee, as defined in section 109.36 of the Revised Code, that alleges that the
officer’s or employee’s conduct was manifestly outside the scope of the officer’s or
employee’s employment or official responsibilities, or that the officer or employee acted
with malicious purpose, in bad faith, or in a wanton or reckless manner shall first be filed
against the state in the court of claims, which has exclusive, original jurisdiction to
determine, initially, whether the officer or employee is entitled to personal immunity
under section 9.86 of the Revised Code and whether the courts of common pleas have
jurisdiction over the civil action.”
{¶ 3} R.C. 9.86 states, in part:
{¶ 4} “[N]o officer or employee [of the state] shall be liable in any civil action that
arises under the law of this state for damage or injury caused in the performance of his
duties, unless the officer’s or employee’s actions were manifestly outside the scope of
his employment or official responsibilities or unless the officer or employee acted with
malicious purpose, in bad faith, or in a wanton or reckless manner.”
{¶ 5} Plaintiff’s decedent, James A. Lips,1 was diagnosed with prostatic
carcinoma in September 2007. Lips subsequently conducted extensive research about
the various treatment options available to him and the physicians who were qualified to
perform such treatments. On December 31, 2007, Lips underwent a robot-assisted
radical prostatectomy at University Hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio. The procedure was
performed by Dr. Bracken, a member of defendant’s faculty. Dr. Bracken testified that
certain complications arose during surgery which resulted in the procedure lasting
approximately eight hours. Lips never recovered from the surgery and died on January
6, 2008.
{¶ 6} The parties agree that Dr. Bracken is a member of defendant’s faculty and
that resident physicians were present in the operating room when the surgery was
performed. Plaintiff concedes in her post-hearing brief that immunity should be granted
for any negligence that occurred during the surgery and post-operative care. Indeed,
the testimony at the hearing establishes that Dr. Bracken’s duties included meeting with
prospective patients, explaining treatment methods, and disclosing his personal
experience. Thus, the court finds that he was acting within the scope of his state
employment at all times relevant hereto. Plaintiff contends, however, that Dr. Bracken
acted in bad faith when he intentionally misled plaintiff and her husband regarding both
the details of the surgical procedure and the extent of his surgical experience.
{¶ 7} At the hearing, plaintiff testified that her husband had interviewed many
physicians in the area and that several had recommended Dr. Bracken due to his
experience in his field. Plaintiff also testified that her husband discussed with Dr.
Bracken the advantages and disadvantages of undergoing the procedure at a regional
facility rather than a local hospital. Plaintiff testified that the convenience of follow-up
appointments was a consideration that led her husband to choose to undergo the
1
References to “Lips” in this decision are to decedent, James A. Lips.
surgery at a local hospital.
{¶ 8} Dr. Bracken testified that he met with Lips and plaintiff and engaged them
in a thorough discussion about the procedure. He has no recollection of giving Lips an
estimate on the length of time the procedure would take, as it tends to vary based upon
many factors, including the ease at which he can surgically connect the bladder to the
urethra. According to Dr. Bracken, ten days prior to surgery he received a letter from
Lips wherein Lips stated that he wanted his lymph nodes to be removed during surgery
and to have them tested for cancerous cells. Dr. Bracken stated that he had previously
informed Lips that removal of the lymph nodes during surgery would increase the
probability of complications.
{¶ 9} Plaintiff alleges that Dr. Bracken erroneously informed plaintiff and Lips
that he had participated in approximately 200 similar procedures when, in fact, he had
performed only 26 such procedures. Plaintiff also alleges that Dr. Bracken guaranteed
both her and Lips that the procedure would not exceed two to three hours when, in fact,
it lasted approximately eight hours. Finally, plaintiff states that Dr. Bracken exaggerated
the benefits of undergoing the procedure at a local hospital as compared to a regional
facility. According to plaintiff, Dr. Bracken was motivated to “overstate his experience,”
in order to secure Lips as a patient because Lips was a friend and neighbor of Dr. Tew,
head of University Hospital’s neurosurgical department, and that Dr. Bracken believed it
would impress Dr. Tew if Lips were his patient.
{¶ 10} The court finds that there is sufficient evidence to conclude that Dr.
Bracken made the aforementioned representations to plaintiff and her husband. The
question becomes whether Dr. Bracken made such representations in bad faith. “Bad
faith” has been defined as “dishonesty of belief or purpose.” Black’s Law Dictionary (9
Ed. 2004) 159.
{¶ 11} Dr. Bracken testified that he had, in fact, “participated in the approximately
200 cases” in which a radical prostatectomy was performed and that he had not
misrepresented his experience to Mr. and Mrs. Lips. Indeed, the evidence convinces
the court that Dr. Bracken participated to some degree in approximately 200 cases
where the procedure was performed. Although other surgeons performed the surgical
procedure in many of those cases, the court finds that Dr. Bracken did not intentionally
mislead plaintiff or her husband regarding his surgical experience.
{¶ 12} Similarly, while Dr. Bracken has no recollection of estimating the duration
of the procedure for Lips, the court finds that Dr. Bracken’s representation regarding
time was simply an estimate, not a guarantee. Moreover, Dr. Bracken did caution
plaintiff and her husband that their decision to have Lips’ lymph nodes removed during
the procedure would increase the possibility of complications. In short, plaintiff has not
convinced the court that the statement was made with a dishonest belief or purpose.
{¶ 13} With regard to plaintiff’s contention that Dr. Bracken acted in bad faith
when he recommended a local surgical facility rather than a regional facility, the court
finds Dr. Bracken simply related the relative benefits and disadvantages of the facilities
for Lips to consider, and that Lips used that information along with the advice of other
physicians to reach his own conclusion. As such, Dr. Bracken’s representations in this
regard were not made in bad faith.
{¶ 14} Based upon the totality of the evidence presented, the court finds that Dr.
Bracken acted within the scope of his employment with defendant at all times relevant
hereto. The court further finds that Dr. Bracken did not act with malicious purpose, in
bad faith, or in a wanton or reckless manner toward plaintiff or plaintiff’s decedent.
Consequently, Dr. Bracken is entitled to civil immunity pursuant to R.C. 9.86 and R.C.
2743.02(F). Therefore, the courts of common pleas do not have jurisdiction over any
civil actions that may be filed against him based upon the allegations in this case.
Court of Claims of Ohio
The Ohio Judicial Center
65 South Front Street, Third Floor
Columbus, OH 43215
614.387.9800 or 1.800.824.8263
www.cco.state.oh.us
GAIL P. LIPS, Admx., etc.
Plaintiff
v.
UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
Defendant
Case No. 2009-01115
Judge Joseph T. Clark
JUDGMENT ENTRY
The court held an evidentiary hearing to determine civil immunity pursuant to
R.C. 9.86 and 2743.02(F). Upon hearing all the evidence and for the reasons set forth
in the decision filed concurrently herewith, the court finds that R. Bruce Bracken, M.D.,
is entitled to immunity pursuant to R.C. 9.86 and 2743.02(F) and that the courts of
common pleas do not have jurisdiction over any civil actions that may be filed against
him based upon the allegations in this case.
_____________________________________
JOSEPH T. CLARK
Judge
cc:
Brian M. Kneafsey Jr. Donna L. Crossley
Assistant Attorney General Joseph W. Shea III
150 East Gay Street, 18th Floor Shirley A. Coffey
Columbus, Ohio 43215-3130 2350 Chiquita Center
250 East Fifth Street
Cincinnati, Ohio 45202
LP/KAH/cmd
Filed July 9, 2010
To S.C. reporter July 22, 2010