"The word 'scandalous' in Rule 12(f) generally refers to any allegation that unnecessarily reflects on the moral character of an individual or states anything in repulsive language that detracts from the dignity of the court."
How later courts described this case
- "The word 'scandalous' in Rule 12(f) generally refers to any allegation that unnecessarily reflects on the moral character of an individual or states anything in repulsive language that detracts from the dignity of the court."
- Retaliation in response to request for accommodation of a disability can be basis for liability under Rehabilitation Act
Written by the judges who cited it.
The opinion
1
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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
8 FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
9
10
KARIN WENG,
11 No. 1:10-cv-2051 BJR
Plaintiff ORDER GRANTING IN PART AND
12 DENYING IN PART DEFENDANT’S
v. MOTION TO DIMISS OR IN THE
13 ALTERNATIVE FOR PARTIAL
HILDA L. SOLIS, Secretary of Labor SUMMARY JUDGMENT
14
15 Defendant.
16
17
I. INTRODUCTION
18
19 This matter comes before the court on Defendant’s motion to dismiss Plaintiff’s claims
20 brought pursuant to the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (“Rehabilitation Act”) and Title VII of the
21 Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII”). In the alternative, Defendant seeks partial summary
22
judgment pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56(a). Upon consideration of the motion
23
and reply, the opposition thereto, as well as the relevant law, the court finds as follows.
24
25
ORDER-1
II. BACKGROUND
1
Plaintiff, Karin Weng, has been employed as an Employee Benefits Law Specialist in the
2
3 United States Department of Labor’s (the “Agency”) Employee Benefits Security Administration
4 (“ESBA”) since 1995. (Complaint (Dkt. No. 1) at ¶ 10.). Ms. Weng alleges that since she joined
5 ESBA she has been a victim of discrimination based on her race (Asian), national origin
6
(Taiwanese), and sex (female). She further alleges that after she engaged in protected Equal
7
Employment Opportunity Commission (“EEOC”) activity in 2006, both as a witness in two of
8
her co-workers’ cases and as a complainant, she has been subject to retaliation. She claims that
9
10 the hostile work environment in ESBA has caused her emotional distress, anxiety, and
11 depression, among other things, and has affected her ability to do her best work. (Pl. Opp. to
12 Mot. to Dis. (Dkt. No. 9) at 4.).
13 A. Procedural History
14
To date, Ms. Weng has filed seven formal EEOC complaints. (Dkt. No. 1, ¶¶ 8, 53, 59,
15
67, 71, 75-76, 79, 81, 83-84, 91-93; Def. Mot to D/Mot. for S.J. (Dkt. No. 6), Ex. A-H.).1 She
16
filed the first complaint on June 16, 2006, alleging disparate treatment based upon her race,
17
18 color, national origin, sex, and reprisal for participating in protected activity. (Dkt. No. 1, ¶ 8.).
19 She filed the second complaint on March 27, 2007, alleging reprisal for engaging in protected
20 EEO activity. Id. On February 21, 2008, she filed a third action against the Agency, alleging
21
1
Procedures for handling complaints of discrimination brought by federal government employees under
22 Title VII are found in 29 C.F.R. Part 1614 (Federal Sector Equal Employment Opportunity). See 29 C.F.R. §
1614.103. Before the complainant may file a formal discrimination complaint, she first must consult a Counselor to
23 try to resolve the matter informally. 29 C.F.R. § 1614.105(a). Such contact must be made within 45 days of the
alleged discriminatory act or, in the case of a personnel action, within 45 days of its effective date. 29 C.F.R. §
24 1614.105(a)(1). If the matter is not resolved informally, the complainant may file a formal complaint against the
Agency. 29 C.F.R. § 1614.105(d). The Agency must investigate the matter within 180 days of its filing. 29 C.F.R. §
25 1614.105(e)(2). At the conclusion of the investigation, the complainant has the right either to request a hearing and
decision from an administrative judge, or to request an immediate final decision from the Agency. 29 C.F.R. §
1614.108(f). A complainant may either appeal a decision to the EEOC, or file a civil action in federal district court.
42 U.S.C. § 2000e-16(c); 29 C.F.R. § 1614.407.
ORDER-2
disparate treatment based on her race, color, national origin, sex and reprisal for participating in
1
protected EEO activity. (Id. at ¶¶ 8, 71.). Ms. Weng alleges that these three complaints were later
2
3 consolidated into one EEOC case, Case No. 570-2007-459X. (Id. at ¶ 71.)2
4 Pursuant to Ms. Weng’s request for a hearing before an EEOC Administrative Law Judge
5 (“ALJ”), a hearing was held on May 26-27 and June 3, 2008, at which Ms. Weng and fourteen
6
other witnesses testified. (Dkt. No. 6, Ex. A.). ALJ Melissa S. Brand presided and issued a
7
decision on August 30, 2010 pursuant to 29 C.F.R. § 1614.109(i). Id. The ALJ held that: (1) Ms.
8
Weng was not an individual with a disability as defined by the Rehabilitation Act because she
9
10 had not offered sufficient evidence to show that her alleged impairments substantially limited her
11 from performing any major life activity; (2) even if she had proven her disability, the Agency did
12 not fail to reasonably accommodate her; (3) Ms. Weng failed to establish by a preponderance of
13 the evidence that the Agency’s articulated legitimate, non-discriminatory reasons for its actions
14
were pretext for discrimination; (4) she failed to establish by a preponderance of the evidence
15
that the alleged discriminatory incidents were based on any protected class to which she
16
belonged, therefore she was not subjected to a hostile work environment; and (5) she failed to
17
18 establish that she was subject to a retaliatory comments. (Dkt. No. 6, Ex. B.). Accordingly, the
19 ALJ entered an order in favor of the Agency and the Agency entered its Final Agency Decision
20 (“FAD”) on October 13, 2010. Id.
21
In the interim, on August 31, 2008, Ms. Weng filed her fourth formal EEOC complaint
22
(CRC Case No. 08-11-112). (Dkt. No. 1, ¶ 75; Dkt. No. 6, Ex. E.). In it, she alleges that the
23
EBSA discriminated against her based on her race, sex, national origin, disability and/or reprisal
24
for prior protected EEOC activity when she received a “Minimally Satisfactory” rating on her
25
2
Plaintiff subsequently voluntarily dismissed her claims for color discrimination. (Dkt. No. 1, ¶¶ 8, 38 and
59.).
ORDER-3
fiscal year 2008 mid-year performance review and final performance appraisal. (Dkt. No. 1, ¶
1
75.). The Agency issued a FAD denying Ms. Weng’s complaint on April 10, 2009. (Dkt. No. 6,
2
3 Ex. E.). Ms. Weng timely appealed on May 8, 2009. Id. The appeal was still pending with the
4 EEOC Office of Federal Operations at the time of filing the present action. (Dkt. No. 1, ¶ 76.).
5 Ms. Weng filed a fifth formal complaint on April 6, 2009, in which she challenged the
6
“Minimally Satisfactory” rating Ms. Hall gave her on her fiscal year 2008 year-end review.
7
(CRC Case No. 09-11-051). (Dkt. No. 1, ¶¶ 76 and 81.). The Agency’s Civil Rights Center
8
(“CRC”) dismissed the complaint on May 1, 2009 on the grounds that the allegations raised in
9
10 this complaint were substantially similar to the allegations raised in the fourth complaint. (Id. at ¶
11 81.). Ms. Weng did not take further action on the fifth EEOC complaint.
12 Thereafter, on August 25, 2009, Ms. Weng filed her sixth formal complaint (CRC Case
13 No. 09-11-086). (Dkt. No. 1, ¶ 84.). The CRC accepted the following amended issue for
14
investigation: whether the EBSA discriminated against Ms. Weng in reprisal for prior EEO
15
activity when she was given a “Minimally Satisfactory” overall rating on her April 24, 2009 mid-
16
year performance review. (Dkt. No. 6, Ex. G.). The CRC issued a FAD denying the sixth
17
18 complaint on May 10, 2010. Id. Ms. Weng appealed the decision to the EEOC’s Office of
19 Federal Operations (“OFO”), and on November 19, 2010, the OFO affirmed the CRC decision.
20 (Dkt. No. 1, ¶ 84; Weng v. Solis, 2010 WL 4898991 (E.E.O.C. Nov. 19, 2010.). The OFO found
21
that although Ms. Weng’s complaint satisfied the elements to establish a prima facie case of
22
reprisal discrimination, the Agency articulated legitimate, non-discriminatory reasons for its
23
actions, and Ms. Weng failed to show that those reasons were a pretext for discrimination. Weng,
24
2010 WL 4898991, at *2-*3.
25
ORDER-4
Ms. Weng filed her seventh formal complaint (CRC Case No. 10-11-105) with the EEOC
1
on July 23, 2010, in which she challenges the “Minimally Satisfactory” overall rating she
2
3 received on her fiscal year 2010 mid-year performance review. (Dkt. No. 1, ¶ 93; Dkt. No. 6, Ex.
4 H.). The EEOC accepted the complaint for investigation on her retaliation claim. (Dkt. No. 1, ¶
5 93.).
6
On December 1, 2010, while the seventh complaint was still pending (but not yet pending
7
for more than 180 days), Ms. Weng commenced the instant case in the United States District
8
Court for the District of Columbia, alleging discrimination based upon her race, national origin,
9
10 sex, and in reprisal for engaging in protected activity. (Dkt. No. 1.). Thereafter, the CRC issued a
11 letter dated February 24, 2011 dismissing the seventh EEOC complaint on the grounds that Ms.
12 Weng had filed the instant action. (Dkt. No. 9 at 22.).
13 B. Factual Allegations
14
Plaintiff alleges the following facts as the basis for the present action:3
15
Ms. Weng is a native of Taiwan but attended high school through law school in the
16
United States. She is employed as an Employee Benefits Law Specialist, GS-13, with the Office
17
18 of Exemption Determinations (“OED”), which is one of nine offices in the Employee Benefits
19 Security Administration (“ESBA”) in the United States Department of Labor (“Agency”). Her
20 primary duties include processing applications for administrative exemptions from the prohibited
21
transaction provisions of ERISA. This includes drafting notices for publication and comment in
22
the Federal Register. In addition, Ms. Weng drafts interpretive, informational, and denial letters.
23
Since April 2004, Ms. Weng’s first line supervisor has been Eric Raps, the Section Chief for the
24
Division of Individual Exemptions. Her second line supervisor is Lyssa Hall, Deputy Director
25
3
The allegations are set forth in the Complaint (dkt. no. 1) and ALJ Brand’s August 30, 2010 decision (dkt.
no. 9).
ORDER-5
for the Division of Individual Exemptions, and her third line supervisor is Ivan Strasfeld,
1
Director of OED.
2
3 Ms. Weng claims that since she joined OED, she has been the victim of discrimination
4 based on her race, national origin, and sex, including being subjected to racial slurs and
5 comments, along with other minority employees in OED. She alleges that in 1999 a co-worker,
6
Janet Schmidt, told her that Mr. Strasfeld and other members of management referred to Ms.
7
Weng as “the Chinker.” She further alleges that Ms. Schmidt told her that Mr. Strasfeld told Ms.
8
Schmidt and other co-workers that they should stay away from Ms. Weng because she is “crazy”
9
10 and “unstable.” She also alleges that in 1995 or 1996 another management official, Peter Straub,
11 told her that he heard management members say that they were going to “see about firing the
12 Chinker” during her probation period.4
13 Ms. Weng alleges that she has had trouble dealing with Mr. Raps since he first became
14
her supervisor. For example, she claims that starting in June 2005, Mr. Raps began to
15
micromanage her, “nitpicking” at her work, and finding fault with inconsequential aspects of her
16
assignments. As a result, Ms. Weng claims that she requested she be assigned on a detail5 outside
17
18 the OED. She alleges that during a conversation with Mr. Strasfeld regarding the potential detail,
19 he advised her not to “burn her bridges.” Ms. Weng claims that she interpreted this comment as a
20 discrete warning to her to not engage in the EEOC process. She went on detail from August 2005
21
through December 2005.
22
23
24 4
Ms. Weng alleges that the Agency engaged in a pattern and practice of discrimination against non-
American employees. She claims that the EBSA management referred to a Russian employee as “the Mad Russian,”
25
“the Crazy Russian,” “Ruskie,” or “Eurotrash,” and a German employee was given the Nazi salute to mock her
German background.
5
“Detail” refers to a temporary assignment outside an employee’s current department.
ORDER-6
In February 2006, after Ms. Weng returned to the OED, she testified at an arbitration
1
involving a 2004 grievance filed by the Union against Mr. Raps.6 She claims that around this
2
3 same time, Mr. Raps’ harassment of her intensified. He continued to micromanage her, subjected
4 her to heightened scrutiny, and unjustifiably criticized her work product. During this time, Ms.
5 Weng requested to work from home two days a week. (She was already working from home—
6
referred to as a Flexiplace day—one day a week.) She alleges that she made this request because
7
her relationship with Mr. Rap was becoming “increasingly strange.” Mr. Rap initially denied the
8
request, but Ms. Hall, Ms. Weng’s second line supervisor, granted the request.
9
10 Ms. Weng asserts that also around this time, Mr. Raps began making harassing phone
11 calls to her while she worked at home. For example, she claims that Mr. Raps would call her and
12 she would have to repeat things that she already said to him in an email. In addition, she felt that
13 he would call her when there was no reason to call.
14
Ms. Weng also alleges that during this same time period, Ms. Hall showed preferential
15
treatment to two African-American employees by ensuring that they received “choice, career-
16
enhancing work assignments.” (Dkt. No. 1 at ¶ 31.). She further claims that Ms. Hall denied her
17
18 request to change supervisors and that, upon information and belief, she is the only Employee
19 Benefits Specialist in OED to be denied such a request.
20 On April 21, 2006, Mr. Raps gave Ms. Weng her mid-year review. He rated her as
21
“Needs to Improve” in every performance standard, which resulted in a “Minimally Satisfactory”
22
6
23 Two other minority female employees who were supervised by Mr. Raps, Mr. Stasfeld and Ms. Hall—Janet
Schmidt and Ekaterina Uzlyan—also filed EEOC actions. Ms. Schmidt has filed at least two complaints, two of
24 which ended up in federal district court. The first case was dismissed on summary judgment on October 4, 2006. A
second case is pending before Magistrate Judge Facciola in the United States District Court for the District of
25 Columbia. (No. 07-cv-2216 (JMF)). Ms. Uzlyan filed suit in the United States District Court for the District of
Columbia on June 3, 2009, alleging discrimination based on her mental and physical disabilities, national origin,
gender and/or reprisal for engaging in protected activity. (No. 09-cv-1035 (RMC)). The matter is currently pending
before Judge Collyer.
ORDER-7
overall rating. He told her that she needs to work on her professional relationships, particularly
1
with regard to communicating with him. He also suggested that she take a writing course and a
2
3 training course on interpersonal skills.7 She claims that on April 24, 2006, Mr. Raps issued an
4 “unjustified” Warning Memorandum for failure to follow instructions and unprofessional
5 conduct. This was followed up on May 10, 2006 with an “unjustified” Letter of Reprimand.
6
On June 16, 2006, Ms. Weng filed her first formal EEOC complaint against Mr.
7
Strasfeld, Ms. Hall, and Mr. Raps. One week later, she was deposed in Ms. Schmidt’s EEOC
8
case involving these same individuals, and on November 1, she submitted an affidavit in support
9
10 of Ms. Uzlyan’s EEOC complaint against them. Thereafter, on November 17, 2006, Mr. Raps
11 gave Ms. Weng a “Minimally Satisfactory” final performance appraisal for the fiscal year 2006.
12 Around this time, Ms. Weng began seeing a psychotherapist because “she recognized the
13 onset of depressive symptoms caused by Mr. Raps’ unrelenting harassment of her.” (Dkt. No. 1
14
at ¶ 43.). She claims that her doctor diagnosed her with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
15
(“PTSD”), Vicarious PTSD, and related mood disorders, including depression and anxiety. She
16
claims that these conditions are the result of Mr. Raps’ abusive behavior towards her, and from
17
18 witnessing the abuse he inflicted on Ms. Schmidt and Ms. Uzylan.
19 As a result of her alleged disability, Ms. Weng requested that a neutral third party be
20 present at any meeting she had with Mr. Raps. She alleges that the Agency refused her
21
22
23
24
7
Ms. Weng claims that this is the first negative review she received. She asserts that prior to this review, she
25 earned excellent performance evaluations, never falling below a rating of “Highly Effective.” In 2000, she received
a rating of “Outstanding,” in 2003, she received a cash award, and in 2004 and 2005 Mr. Raps rated her as “Highly
Effective.” Ms. Weng also alleges that she was rated as “Exceeds” on her work while on detail in 2005. (Dkt. No. 1
¶¶ 17, 22 and 27.).
ORDER-8
accommodation request and, instead, Mr. Raps threatened to fire her and issued a Notice of
1
Proposed Suspension for five days, dated December 14, 2006.8
2
3 Ms. Weng alleges that Mr. Raps further retaliated against her on December 19, 2006,
4 when he issued her a Notice of Removal from Flexiplace. She claims that she is the only OED
5 employee, other than Ms. Uzlyan, who has ever been removed from Flexiplace. Later that day,
6
Ms. Weng submitted a second accommodation request—the restoration of her Flexiplace
7
privileges—but the request was denied.9 On March 27, 2007, Ms. Weng filed a second EEOC
8
complaint, alleging retaliation for her accommodation requests.
9
10 From January 2007 to September 2007, Mr. Raps was on a detail and did not work in the
11 OED. On September 28, 2007, when Mr. Raps returned to OED, Ms. Weng was informed that
12 ESBA management would require her to meet alone with Mr. Raps or she would be, first,
13 suspended, and, second, terminated. She alleges that during a meeting with Mr. Raps on October
14
9, 2007, she suffered an emotional breakdown in the form of a panic attack, which Mr. Raps
15
knowingly triggered by his harassment of her.
16
Ms. Weng claims that ten days after she suffered the panic attack, she renewed her
17
18 accommodation request to either have a third party present during her meetings with Mr. Raps or
19 to meet in a conference room. Instead, Mr. Raps offered to meet with Ms. Weng in a vacant OED
20 office that is larger than his own office but with the two of them seated knee-to-knee at a small
21
table. Ms. Weng states that she found this arrangement too threatening and went out on medical
22
leave. Thereafter, on December 4, 2007, the Public Health Service issued Ms. Weng a favorable
23
medical assessment regarding her accommodation request. Ms. Weng alleges that Mr. Raps still
24
25 8
The suspension was later reduced to two days by Ms. Hall. Ms. Weng asserts that she is the only Employee
Benefits Law Specialist in OED to have ever been suspended.
9
The Flexiplace benefits were eventually restored in November 2009.
ORDER-9
refused to meet with her in the conference room, but consented to meet with her in the larger
1
office, seated apart, with the door open. Ms. Weng accepted this accommodation.
2
3 On December 7, 2007, Mr. Raps issued Ms. Weng a Notice of Proposed Suspension for
4 14 days. On February 21, 2008, Ms. Weng filed her third EEOC complaint. Thereafter, on March
5 12, 2008, Ms. Hall imposed Mr. Raps proposed suspension. Ms. Weng alleges that she was
6
issued this suspension for “having a panic attack.” (Dkt. No. 1, ¶¶ 68 and 72.).
7
Ms. Weng claims that she was further retaliated against by Mr. Raps, Ms. Hall and Mr.
8
Strasfeld when they gave her “Minimally Satisfactory” performance evaluations dated January
9
10 24 and June 16, 2008. She filed her fourth EEOC complaint on August 21, 2008. Ms. Weng was
11 again given a “Minimally Satisfactory” performance evaluation on October 17 and December 9,
12 2008, and she filed her fifth and sixth EEOC complaints on April 6 and August 25, 2009.
13 She also received “Minimally Satisfactory” performance reviews on June 3 and October
14
18, 2010. She claims that Mr. Raps also retaliated against her by threatening to place her on a
15
Performance Improvement Plan, by bringing an “adversary” to her 2010 mid-year evaluation, by
16
issuing an “unjustified” Warning Memorandum on July 1, 2010, by issuing an “unjustified”
17
18 Leave Restriction for alleged leave abuse, and by issuing a second Notice of Removal from
19 Flexiplace Benefits on November 9, 2010. She filed her final EEOC action on July 23, 2010.
20 C. Present claims
21
Accordingly, Ms. Weng claims that the Agency discriminated and/or retaliated against
22
her when it took the following actions:
23
1. Issued her “Minimally Satisfactory” mid-year performance evaluations for fiscal
24
years 2006, 2008, 2009 and 2010 that include allegedly demeaning instructions to take writing
25
and interpersonal training courses;
ORDER-10
2. Issued her “Minimally Satisfactory” annual performance evaluations for fiscal
1
years 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2010, which allegedly resulted in the denial of two in-grade step
2
3 increase and four performance bonuses;
4 3. Issued her an “Effective” annual performance evaluation for fiscal year 2009;
5 4. Removed her twice from the Agency’s Flexiplace Program;
6
5. Issued her written discipline notices on the following five occasions:
7
a. Warning Memorandum (April 2006)
8
b. Letter of Reprimand (May 2006)
9
10 c. Warning via E-mail (March 2010)
11 d. Warning Memorandum (July 2010)
12 e. Warning via E-mail (August 2010);
13 6. Issued her two work suspensions:
14
a. Five-day suspension served as a two-day suspension (April 2007)
15
b. Fourteen-day suspension served as a fourteen-day work suspension
16
(April 2008);
17
18 7. Allegedly subjected her to an ongoing hostile work environment.
19 III. DISCUSION
20 Defendant contends that many of Plaintiff’s claims are subject to dismissal because Ms.
21
Weng either failed to timely exhaust her administrative remedies, elected to pursue the claims in
22
a grievance procedure under a collective bargaining agreement between her union and the
23
24
25
ORDER-11
Agency, failed to timely initiate civil proceedings, or otherwise failed to state a claim for relief.
1
(Dkt. No. 6 at 7.).10
2
3 A. Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6)
4 “Because the exhaustion requirement [under Title VII], though mandatory, is not
5 jurisdictional,” Douglas v. Donovan, 559 F.3d 549, 556 n. 4 (D.C.Cir.2009), motions to dismiss
6
for failure to exhaust administrative remedies are more appropriately analyzed under Rule
7
12(b)(6). Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Wash. v. Bd. of Governors of the Fed. Reserve
8
Sys., 669 F.Supp.2d 126, 128 (D.D.C. 2009) (citing Marshall v. Honeywell Tech. Solutions, Inc.,
9
10 536 F.Supp.2d 59, 64 n. 6 (D.D.C. 2008) (quoting Hazel v. Wash. Metro. Transit Auth., Civil
11 Action No. 02–1375(RWR), 2006 WL 3623693, at *3 (D.D.C. Dec. 4, 2006))). The Federal
12 Rules of Civil Procedure require that a complaint contain “‘a short and plain statement of the
13 claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief,’ in order to ‘give the defendant fair notice of
14
what the ... claim is and the grounds upon which it rests.’” Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S.
15
544, 555 (2007) (quoting Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41, 47, (1957). Although “detailed factual
16
allegations” are not necessary to withstand a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss, to provide the
17
18 “grounds” of “entitle[ment] to relief,” a plaintiff must furnish “more than labels and
19 conclusions” or “a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action.” Id. at 1964-65. A
20 complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to “state a claim to relief that
21
is plausible on its face.” Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570.
22
23
10
The court notes that despite its caption, the contents of Defendant’s motion limit the basis for relief to
24 Federal Rule 12(b)(6) or (f). “In determining whether a complaint fails to state a claim” under Rule 12(b)(6), the
trial court may consider not only “the facts alleged in the complaint,” but also “any documents either attached to or
25 incorporated [by reference] in the complaint and matters [subject to] judicial notice.” Williams v. Chu, 641
F.Supp.2d 31, 34 (D.D.C. 2009) quoting EEOC v. St. Francis Xavier Parochial Sch., 117 F.3d 621, 624 (D.C.
Cir.1997). The court has not considered materials beyond the complaint and the exhibits incorporated therein by
reference. Accordingly, the court will treat this as a motion to dismiss under Federal Rule 12.
ORDER-12
In evaluating a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim, the court must
1
construe the complaint in a light most favorable to the plaintiff and must accept as true all
2
3 reasonable factual inferences drawn from well-pleaded factual allegations. In re United Mine
4 Workers of Am. Employee Benefit Plans Litig., 854 F.Supp. 914, 915 (D.D.C. 1994). However,
5 as the Supreme Court recently made clear, a plaintiff must provide more than just “a sheer
6
possibility that a defendant has acted unlawfully.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662 (2009). Where
7
the well-pleaded facts set forth in the complaint do not permit a court, drawing on its judicial
8
experience and common sense, to infer more than the “mere possibility of misconduct,” the
9
10 complaint has not shown that the pleader is entitled to relief. Id. at 671.
11
12 B. Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(f)
13 Under Rule 12(f), a “court may order stricken from any pleading any insufficient defense
14
or redundant, immaterial, impertinent, or scandalous matter.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(f). A court may
15
choose to take such action in order to avoid the time, effort, and expense necessary to litigate
16
spurious issues. Id., Assn. of Am. Med. Colleges v. Princeton Review, Inc., 332 F.Supp.2d 11, 22
17
18 (D.D.C. 2004). Courts disfavor motions to strike. Stabilisierungsfonds Fur Wein v. Kaiser Stuhl
19 Wine Distribs. Pty. Ltd., 647 F.2d 200, 201 (D.C.Cir. 1981). Absent a “strong reason for so
20 doing,” courts will generally “not tamper with pleadings.” Lipsky v. Commonwealth United
21
Corp., 551 F.2d 887, 893 (2d Cir. 1976).
22
C. Analysis
23
1. Whether Plaintiff Timely Exhausted Her Administrative Remedies
24
Defendant asserts that the following claims must be dismissed because they have not
25
been properly exhausted: (1) all claims that pre-date March 10, 2006; (2) claims related to the
ORDER-13
fifth EEOC formal complaint; (3) claims related to the seventh formal EEOC complaint; and (4)
1
claims that have not been previously raised in an administrative proceeding. (Dkt. No. 6 at 14.).
2
3 a. Allegations that Pre-date March 10, 200
4 A federal employee must initiate contact with an EEOC Counselor within forty-five days
5 of the date of the event believed to be the discriminatory or retaliatory action. 29 C.F.R. §
6
1614.105(a)(1). It is undisputed that Ms. Weng first sought informal counseling on April 24,
7
2006. (Dkt. No. 1 at ¶ 38.). Therefore, the operative deadline is March 10, 2006—in order to be
8
timely, the allegations must pertain to actions that occurred on or after March 10, 2006.
9
10 Plaintiff concedes that the operative deadline is March 10, 2006. Nevertheless, she argues
11 that the pre-March 10, 2006 allegations should not be dismissed because they are part of her
12 hostile work environment claim. Generally “discrete discriminatory acts are not actionable if
13 time barred, even when they relate to acts alleged in timely filed charges.” Nat’l R.R. Passenger
14
Corp. v. Morgan, 536 U.S. 101, 113 (2002). However, with respect to hostile work environment
15
claims, the Supreme Court has carved out an exception to the rule. Id. at 117. A claim of hostile
16
work environment, the Supreme Court has explained, cannot be reduced to a single action on a
17
18 single day because “[its] very nature involves repeated conduct,” and it is based on the
19 “cumulative effect of individual acts.” Id. at 115. The unlawful employment practice at issue in a
20 hostile work environment claim occurs over a period of time, and, “[p]rovided that an act
21
contributing to the claim occur[red] within the filing period, the entire time period of the hostile
22
environment may be considered by a court for the purposes of determining liability.” Id. at 117.
23
Accordingly, this court must “determine whether the acts about which [Ms. Weng] complains are
24
part of the same actionable hostile work environment practice, and if so, whether any act falls
25
within the statutory time period.” Id. at 120.
ORDER-14
With this analysis in mind, the court will now turn to the Complaint. In paragraphs 15
1
and 16, Ms. Weng alleges that “[f]rom the time [she] joined EBSA in 1995, she, along with other
2
3 minority employees in OED (including Ms. Hall), were subjected to offensive racial, ethnic,
4 and/or sexually charged slurs, comments, and jokes by OED management officials.” (Dkt. No. 1
5 at ¶ 15.). She further alleges that management referred to her as “the Chinker” and warned other
6
co-workers to stay away from her because she is “crazy” and “unstable.” (Id. at ¶ 16.). These
7
allegations were raised in Ms. Weng’s first three formal EEOC complaints and were addressed in
8
ALJ Brand’s August 30, 2010 order. (Dkt. No. 6, Ex. A.). These acts are clearly a part of the
9
10 same actionable hostile work environment practice of which Ms. Weng complained when she
11 first sought counsel on April 24, 2006. See Harris v. Forklift Sys., Inc., 510 U.S. 17, 21-22
12 (1993) (Plaintiff must demonstrate that her “workplace is permeated with discriminatory
13 intimidation, ridicule, and insult, that is sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter the conditions of
14
[her] employment.”). Accordingly, Defendant’s motion is denied as to paragraphs 15 and 16.
15
Paragraph 18 merely states that Mr. Raps is Ms. Weng’s first-line supervisor and Mr.
16
Strasfeld is her second-line supervisor. This paragraph does not state the basis for a claim, but
17
18 rather, is included as background information. Paragraph 19 states that Mr. Raps and Mr.
19 Strasfeld are close friends and Mr. Stasfeld affected Mr. Raps’ transfer to OED. This is also
20 background information that the court may consider. In addition, paragraph 19 contains another
21
allegation that EBSA management allegedly referred to Ms. Weng as “the Chinker.” The same
22
analysis with respect to paragraphs 15 and 16 applies to this allegation. Accordingly, paragraphs
23
18 and 19 will not be dismissed.
24
Paragraph 23 states that in June 2005, Mr. Raps harassed Plaintiff for attending an
25
Agency Asian Pacific American Council meeting, after which she sought permission to go on a
ORDER-15
detail. The court finds that this allegation is supportive of Ms. Weng’s hostile work environment
1
claim. It is of the same discriminatory nature and perpetrated by the same manager. Accordingly,
2
3 paragraph 23 will stand.
4 Paragraphs 24 and 25 allege that on June 24, 2005, Mr. Strasfeld warned Ms. Weng not
5 to “burn her bridges,” which she interpreted as a threat regarding taking EEOC action. This is a
6
discrete act that cannot now be incorporated into her hostile work environment claim. “Discrete
7
acts” are individual acts that “occur” at a fixed time. Morgan, 536 U.S. at 114; Coleman-
8
Adebayo v. Leavitt, 326 F.Supp.2d 132, 138 (D.D.C. 2004) (stating that the focus is on whether a
9
10 court can discern the date of an act’s occurrence). Accordingly, paragraphs 24 and 25 will be
11 dismissed as untimely.
12 Paragraph 27 states that Mr. Strasfeld delayed granting permission but eventually allowed
13 Ms. Weng to go on a detail to the OCA. It also states that Ms. Weng received good reviews
14
while on that detail. Paragraph 27 does not advance any claim on Plaintiff’s behalf, so it is
15
irrelevant whether it meets the Morgan standard. Likewise, paragraph 31 only states background
16
facts. Therefore, paragraphs 27 and 31 will stand.
17
18 Paragraph 32 contains allegations regarding Mr. Raps' alleged harassment of Ms. Weng.
19 The claim alleges exactly the type of pervasive, insulting, discriminatory conduct that is the basis
20 for Ms. Weng’s hostile work environment claim. Importantly, the alleged actions are not discrete
21
acts. These claims meet the Morgan standard for relating to Ms. Weng’s hostile work
22
environment claims. Paragraph 32 will stand.
23
b. The Fifth Formal EEOC Complaint
24
An employee may bring a civil action within ninety days after receipt of the EEO
25
counselor’s final action, or within one-hundred-eighty days from the filing of the EEO complaint
ORDER-16
if no appeal or final action occurred. 29 C.F.R. § 1614.407(b). Ms. Weng filed her fifth formal
1
complaint on April 6, 2009. The complaint was dismissed by the CRC on May 1, 2009.
2
3 Therefore, Ms. Weng had until August 1, 2009 to timely file a civil action.
4 The instant case was filed on December 1, 2010, more than five-hundred-seventy-five
5 days after the agency’s dismissal. Plaintiff counters that she does not seek to “recover regarding
6
the claims in her fifth formal complaint” rather she provided the information “as background
7
facts pertaining to her prior protected EEO activity.” (Dkt. No. 9 at 21.) The court finds that the
8
allegations contained in the fifth formal EEOC complaint are barred on exhaustion grounds.
9
10 However, consistent with Morgan, the court may consider these allegations as background
11 evidence. Morgan, 536 U.S. at 113 (stating that time-barred acts may be used “as background
12 evidence in support of a timely claim”); accord Halcomb v. Office of Sergeant-at-Arms, 563
13 F.Supp.2d 228, 242 (D.D.C. 2008) (finding that background evidence cannot “independently
14
provide the basis” for liability). Accordingly, although the allegations in the fifth EEOC
15
complaint cannot be the independent basis for liability, the allegations will stand as further
16
background evidence.
17
18 c. The Seventh Formal EEOC Complaint
19 A complainant who has filed an appeal of a FAD with the EEOC may bring a civil action
20 in a United States District Court “[w]ithin 90 days of receipt of the Commission's final decision
21
on an appeal” or “[a]fter 180 days from the date of the filing of an appeal ... if there has been no
22
final decision by the Commission.” 29 C.F.R. § 1614.407(c), (d). Complainants must timely
23
exhaust these remedies before bringing their claims to court. Bayer v. U.S. Dep't of Treasury,
24
956 F.2d 330, 332 (D.C.Cir.1992) (“This administrative remedies exhaustion requirement is
25
mandatory.”)
ORDER-17
Ms. Weng filed her seventh formal EEOC complaint on July 23, 2010. Therefore, a civil
1
action concerning this complaint could not properly be filed in district court until January 23,
2
3 2011. Ms. Weng filed the instant complaint on December 1, 2010. Ms. Weng concedes that the
4 seventh formal EEOC complaint was not administratively exhausted when she filed the present
5 case, but contends that the court should still proceed with the claims because the CRC dismissed
6
the complaint on the grounds that she filed a civil action in district court.
7
Plaintiff carries the burden of pleading and proving facts supporting equitable avoidance
8
of the waiting period. She has not carried that burden. She has not argued that any of the narrow
9
10 set of recognized bases for equitable avoidance apply here. “Congress's preference for federal
11 agencies to examine and either correct or resolve through informal mediation or formal
12 complaint procedures allegations of discrimination in the federal workplace before there is resort
13 to private lawsuits in court counsels against permitting equitable avoidance here.” Noisette v.
14
Geithner, 693 F.Supp.2d 60, 69 (D.D.C. 2010). Accordingly, Ms. Weng’s seventh formal
15
complaint is not properly part of this action. Paragraphs 90, 91 and 93 are dismissed without
16
prejudice.
17
18 d. Paragraphs 73 and 89
19 Defendant contends that the claims alleged in paragraphs 73 and 89 were not raised in a
20 prior formal EEOC complaint. Plaintiff counters that the allegations raised in paragraph 73 were
21
raised in the fourth informal complaint addressed to the EEOC counselor, and the allegations
22
contained in paragraph 89 where raised in the statement which accompanied the seventh
23
informal complaint. Nevertheless, Ms. Weng concedes that the incidents “described in ¶¶ 73 and
24
89 are only matters of evidence, not allegations of an adverse action in and of themselves….”
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(Dkt. No. 9 at 19.). She claims the court may consider the allegations as further support for her
ORDER-18
hostile work environment claim. The court disagrees. Paragraph 73 describes Mr. Raps’ alleged
1
threat on April 2, 2008 to place Ms. Weng on a Performance Improvement Plan, and paragraph
2
3 89 refers to an April 22, 2010 meeting during which Mr. Raps allegedly brought a third-party to
4 Ms. Weng’s performance review. Both incidents are the type of discriminatory acts that clearly
5 fall within the category of discrete acts envisioned by the Morgan Court. As such, they cannot
6
now be incorporated into Ms. Weng’s hostile work environment claim. Notwithstanding the fact
7
that the allegations in paragraph 73 cannot form the basis for Ms. Weng’s hostile work
8
environment claim, it may still be considered as background evidence. Morgan, 536 U.S. at 113
9
10 (stating that time-barred acts may be used “as background evidence in support of a timely
11 claim”). Paragraph 89, on the other hand, alleges events that purportedly occurred in March and
12 April, 2010. Because these events occurred after the events that form the basis of the instant
13 complaint, they cannot be considered “background information.” As such, paragraph 73 will
14
stand, but paragraph 89 will be dismissed.
15
2. The Grievance Claims
16
Ms. Weng references various personnel actions and events that she has already submitted
17
18 to arbitration pursuant to the negotiated grievance procedure contained in the Collective
19 Bargaining Agreement (“CBA”) between the Agency and AFGE Local 12 (the union to which
20 Ms. Weng is a member). Under the CBA, an employee making an allegation of discrimination in
21
connection with an adverse action may elect to file a grievance or a formal EEOC complaint, but
22
not both. See Smith v. Jackson, 539 F.Supp.2d 116, 130 (D.D.C. 2008) (“Under the Civil Service
23
Reform Act, a federal employee who believes he has been discriminated against and whose
24
agency’s negotiated agreement permits the acceptance of grievances alleging discrimination may
25
file either a grievance or an EEO complaint, but not both.”) (emphasis in original).
ORDER-19
Ms. Weng concedes the she elected to pursue the claims associated with the allegations
1
contained in paragraphs 78, 85, 88, 92, 94, and 96-98 through the negotiated grievance
2
3 procedure. Nevertheless, she claims that the allegations should not be dismissed because they
4 “merely provide[] background information in support” of her hostile work environment claim.
5 (Dkt. No. 9 at 23.). The court disagrees. The allegations contained in these paragraphs pertain to
6
a time period ranging from January 2009 through November 2010. In other words, they post-date
7
all other allegations contained in the instant complaint. As such, they cannot be considered
8
“background information” in support of Plaintiff’s hostile work environment claim. Accordingly,
9
10 paragraphs 78, 85, 88, 92, 94, and 96-98 will be dismissed.
11
12 3. The Pattern and Practice Claims
13 Defendant moves to dismiss Ms. Weng’s allegations of pattern and practice in paragraphs
14
104, 110 and 115 because she neither raised nor exhausted such claims at the administrative
15
level. In response, Ms. Weng states that she voluntarily dismisses any reference to “pattern or
16
practice” in those paragraphs. (Dkt. No. 9 at 25.). Accordingly, any reference to “pattern or
17
18 practice” will be struck from the complaint.
19 4. The Rehabilitation Act Claim
20 Defendant asserts that Ms. Weng’s claim under the Rehabilitation Act must be dismissed
21
pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) because she fails to allege a specific disability. Plaintiff counters that
22
her Rehabilitation claim is not based on her alleged disability. (Dkt. No. 9 at 26.). Rather, she
23
argues, the claim is based on the actions the Agency allegedly took in response to her
24
accommodation requests. She claims that Mr. Raps issued her two work suspensions and made
25
several threats to terminate her in response to her request for accommodation (see, e.g, dkt. no. 1
ORDER-20
at ¶¶ 60-61.), and that these allegedly retaliatory actions are the basis for her Rehabilitation
1
claim.
2
3 The court agrees that such actions, if true, can be the basis for liability under the
4 Rehabilitation Act. The Act provides that “[n]o otherwise qualified individual with a disability”
5 may “be subjected to discrimination” by any federal agency “solely by reason of her or his
6
disability.” 29 U.S.C. § 794(a). The Act further provides that “[t]he standards used to determine
7
whether this section has been violated in a complaint alleging employment discrimination under
8
this section shall be the standards applied under ... the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990,
9
10 (42 U.S.C. § 12111 et seq.).” Id. at § 794(d); Mogenhan v. Napolitano, 613 F.3d 1162, 1165
11 (D.C.Cir.2010) (applying the ADA's anti-retaliation provision to the Rehabilitation Act). The
12 ADA's anti-retaliation provision forbids “discrimina [tion] against any individual because such
13 individual ... made a charge ... under this chapter.” 42 U.S.C. § 12203(a). The D.C. Circuit has
14
held that the framework for analyzing anti-retaliation suits under the ADA/Rehabilitation Act
15
mirrors that applied for retaliation suits under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act. See Smith v.
16
District of Columbia, 430 F.3d 450, 455 (D.C.Cir.2005) (“Although the [retaliation] framework
17
18 was developed for Title VII cases, our sister circuits have all accepted its application to ADA
19 retaliation suits under 12203(a), as we do now.”) (cases cited). Accordingly, Defendant’s motion
20 to dismiss the Rehabilitation Act claim is denied.
21
5. Defendant’s Motion to Strike pursuant to Federal Rule 12(f)
22
Defendant alleges that paragraphs 15-19, 23-25, 27, 31-32, 73, 79, 81, 85, 88, 89-98, 104
23
and 110 should be stricken pursuant to Federal Rule 12(f). As the court has already determined
24
many of these paragraphs should be dismissed, the ones remaining for consideration are
25
paragraphs 15-19, 23, 27, 31-32, 73, 79, 81, 89-91, 93, 95, 104 and 110.
ORDER-21
Defendant does not argue that any specific prejudice would result from the inclusion of
1
these paragraphs, instead it claims that “[t]he likely result of injecting these impertinent
2
3 allegations would be to confuse the issues and to unfairly cast a derogatory light on Agency
4 management, generally. (Dkt. No. 6 at 32.). “Striking pleadings is an extreme and disfavored
5 remedy.” Brown v. Broadcasting Bd. of Governors, 2009 WL 2704586, at *3 n5 (D.D.C. 2009).
6
The fact that Plaintiff’s allegations may cast the Agency in a “derogatory light” is insufficient to
7
warrant the striking of allegations from a complaint. See, e.g., Uzlyan v. Solis, 1:09-cv-01035-
8
RMC (Dkt. No. 18 at 19.). Here, the challenged allegations do not include provocative language
9
10 or detract from the dignity of the court. Although some of the allegations in the complaint are
11 arguably irrelevant to Ms. Weng’s remaining claims, they are not scandalous or impertinent.
12 Pigford v. Veneman, 215 F.R.D. 2, 4 (D.D.C. 2003) (internal citations omitted.) (“The word
13 “scandalous’ in Rule 12(f) generally refers to any allegation that unnecessarily reflects on the
14
moral character of an individual or states anything in repulsive language that detracts from the
15
dignity of the court.” ). Defendant has failed to show any prejudice. The motion to strike is
16
denied.
17
18 IV. CONCLUSION
19 For the foregoing reasons, the court hereby GRANTS in part and DENIES in part
20 Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss or in the alternative for Partial Summary Judgment. The
21
following paragraphs are DISMISSED from the Complaint: 24-25, 78, 85, 88-9411, and 96-98. In
22
addition, the phrase “pattern or practice” is struck from paragraphs 104, 110 and 115. The
23
following paragraphs contain allegations that cannot form the independent basis for plaintiff’s
24
25
11
Paragraphs 90, 91 and 93 are dismissed without prejudice.
ORDER-22
hostile work environment claim, but may be considered by the court as background information:
1
18, 27, 31, 72, 79 and 81.
2
3 Plaintiff is ordered to file a First Amended Complaint that conforms with the court’s
4 ruling within thirty days of the date of this order.
5 DATED this 3rd day of February, 2012.
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A
Barbara Jacobs Rothstein
U.S. District Court Judge
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ORDER-23