The opinion
NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS AUG 31 2026
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
CLINTON BROWN, No. 24-6119
D.C. No. 2:23-cv-02972-MEMF-KS
Plaintiff - Appellant,
v. MEMORANDUM*
EMIL ASSENTATO; TAX DEED
ENTERPRISES, LLC; STEVE WEERA
TONASUT TRUST,
Defendants - Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Central District of California
Maame Ewusi-Mensah Frimpong, District Judge, Presiding
Submitted August 25, 2026**
Before: SILVERMAN, N.R. SMITH, and DE ALBA, Circuit Judges.
Clinton Brown appeals pro se from the district court’s order dismissing his
action alleging violations of section 5(a) of the Securities Act of 1933,
15 U.S.C. § 77e(a), section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, 15
*
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
**
The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
U.S.C. § 78j(b), and Securities and Exchange Commission Rule 10b-5, 17 C.F.R.
§ 240.10b-5(b). We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review de
novo. Mudpie, Inc. v. Travelers Cas. Ins. Co. of Am., 15 F.4th 885, 889 (9th Cir.
2021) (dismissal under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) for failure to state
a claim); Salameh v. Tarsadia Hotel, 726 F.3d 1124, 1129 (9th Cir. 2013)
(determination as to whether a transaction is a security). We affirm.
The district court properly dismissed Brown’s action because Brown failed
to allege facts sufficient to show that the business arrangement with defendants
constituted an investment contract and thus a “security” within the meaning of
federal securities laws. See Marine Bank v. Weaver, 455 U.S. 551, 559-60 (1982)
(concluding that a unique agreement, negotiated one-on-one by the parties, that
was not ordinarily considered to be a security and that was never designed to be
publicly traded, was not a security); Oregon Pub. Emps. Ret. Fund v. Apollo Grp.
Inc., 774 F.3d 598, 603 (9th Cir. 2014) (setting forth elements of a claim under
section 10(b) and Rule 10b-5); SEC v. CMKM Diamonds, Inc., 729 F.3d 1248,
1255 (9th Cir. 2013) (setting forth elements of a claim under section 5).
The district court did not abuse its discretion by dismissing Brown’s action
without leave to amend on the ground that Brown indicated that he did not wish to
amend and did not believe he could allege further facts to state a claim under the
court’s interpretation of the law, and requested that any dismissal be with
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prejudice. See Cervantes v. Countrywide Home Loans, Inc., 656 F.3d 1034, 1041
(9th Cir. 2011) (setting forth standard of review and stating that leave to amend
may be denied where amendment would be futile); cf. Westlands Water Dist. v.
Firebaugh Canal, 10 F.3d 667, 677 (9th Cir. 1993) (concluding no abuse of
discretion in the denial of leave to amend where appellants gave no indication of a
desire to amend until after the district court rendered its decision). We reject as
without merit Brown’s contention that the district court should not have relied on
Brown’s statements regarding the futility of amendment.
We do not consider arguments and allegations raised for the first time on
appeal. See Padgett v. Wright, 587 F.3d 983, 985 n.2 (9th Cir. 2009).
The motion (Docket Entry No. 12) for judicial notice is denied.
AFFIRMED.
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