The opinion
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4 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
5 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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7 ANTHONY LEE BALDWIN, Case No. 25-cv-05299-PCP
8 Plaintiff, ORDER DISMISSING COMPLAINT
WITH LEAVE TO AMEND,
9 v. GRANTING IN FORMA PAUPERIS
APPLICATIONS
10 BRIAN CLEVELAND, et al.,
Defendants.
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Re: Dkt. Nos. 3, 8
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Anthony Baldwin, a California jail inmate proceeding pro se, has filed a civil rights
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complaint pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. See Dkt. No. 1. After filing his initial complaint, Mr.
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Baldwin proceeded to amend it twice. See Dkt. Nos. 2, 6 (“Second Amended Complaint” or
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“SAC”).
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For the reasons stated below, the Complaint is dismissed with leave to amend. Mr.
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Baldwin’s motions to proceed in forma pauperis are granted.
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BACKGROUND
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Mr. Baldwin has been incarcerated at Santa Cruz County Jail since May 16, 2025. See
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SAC at 4. As defendants, Mr. Baldwin sues B. Cleveland, the “Chief of Jail Operations” for the
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Santa Cruz County Sheriff Department; Hilary Brandt, the Director of Nursing for Naphcare,
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which Mr. Baldwin explains operates “under contract with [the Santa Cruz County] Sheriff”; and
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“John/Jane Doe,” the Regional Director of Naphcare. Id. at 2–3.
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Mr. Baldwin states that he is an opioid addict who, since December 2021, has received
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treatment via a methadone maintenance program. See SAC, Ex. A at 2–4. Santa Cruz County Jail
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has a “blanket prohibition” on the use of methadone. SAC at 5. Mr. Baldwin challenges this
1 “blanket prohibition” and claims it has caused “ineffective treatment of [his] severe opioid use
2 disorder” while he was incarcerated in Santa Cruz County Jail. Id. at 6.
3 LEGAL STANDARD
4 Federal courts must screen any case in which a prisoner seeks redress from a governmental
5 entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). The court must
6 identify cognizable claims and dismiss claims that are frivolous, malicious, fail to state a claim
7 upon which relief may be granted, or seek monetary relief from a defendant immune from such
8 relief. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1), (2). Pro se pleadings must be liberally construed. See Balistreri v.
9 Pacifica Police Dep’t, 901 F.2d 696, 699 (9th Cir. 1990).
10 ANALYSIS
11 I. Procedure
12 Rather confusingly, Mr. Baldwin states that the instant lawsuit is meant as “a[n] amended
13 complaint to [the Nieto] lawsuit.” See SAC at 9; see also Baldwin v. Nieto, Case No. 25-5908-PCP
14 (N.D. Cal. filed July 15, 2025) (raising substantially similar claims regarding Mr. Baldwin’s
15 treatment in Monterey County Jail). If Mr. Baldwin wishes to proceed on substantially identical
16 claims against Santa Cruz County and Monterey County in the same lawsuit, he should inform the
17 Court of this desire. In the event Mr. Baldwin makes such a choice, the Court will dismiss the
18 duplicative lawsuit.
19 II. Merits
20 Mr. Baldwin states that he wishes to sue for deliberate indifference to his medical needs.
21 See generally SAC. The Second Amended Complaint and exhibit thereto make clear that Mr.
22 Baldwin was not denied medical care. Rather, he was prescribed Suboxone for his opioid
23 withdrawal and was treated when he experienced withdrawal symptoms. See SAC, Ex. A at 6. Mr.
24 Baldwin thus has at most alleged a difference of opinion as to the best course of treatment for his
25 opioid addiction. To rise to the level of deliberate indifference, Mr. Baldwin must “show that [the]
26 chosen course of treatment ‘was medically unacceptable under the circumstances,’ and was chosen
27 ‘in conscious disregard of an excessive risk to [Mr. Baldwin’s] health.’” Toguchi v. Chung, 391
1 facts showing that the treatment given “was medically unacceptable under the circumstances.”
2 Mr. Baldwin suggests that he wishes to pursue an equal protection claim. “The Equal
3 Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment commands that no State shall ‘deny to any person
4 within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws,’ which is essentially a direction that all
5 persons similarly situated should be treated alike.” City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center,
6 473 U.S. 432, 439 (1985) (quoting Plyler v. Doe, 457 U.S. 202, 216 (1982)). Different treatment
7 of unlike groups does not support an equal protection claim. See Thornton v. City of St. Helens,
8 425 F.3d 1158, 1168 (9th Cir. 2005). Conclusory allegations will not do. See Ventura Mobilehome
9 Comms. Owners Ass’n v. City of Buenaventura, 371 F.3d 1046, 1055 (9th Cir. 2004) (affirming
10 dismissal of equal protection claim because “[a]side from conclusory allegations, Appellant has
11 not . . . alleged how [similarly situated individuals] are treated differently”). Here, in order to state
12 an equal protection claim, Mr. Baldwin at least must identify some group of people who were
13 prescribed methadone when he was not.
14 Similarly, more information is needed before Mr. Baldwin may state an ADA claim. “To
15 state a claim under … the ADA, a plaintiff generally must show: (1) she is an individual with a
16 disability; (2) she is otherwise qualified to participate in or receive the benefit of a public entity’s
17 services, programs or activities; (3) she was either excluded from participation in or denied the
18 benefits of the public entity’s services, programs or activities or was otherwise discriminated
19 against by the public entity; and (4) such exclusion, denial of benefits or discrimination was by
20 reason of her disability.” Hyer v. City of Honolulu, 118 F.4th 1044, 1065 (9th Cir. 2024)
21 (quotation marks and citation omitted). The duty to provide “reasonable accommodations” or
22 “reasonable modifications” for disabled people under Title II of the ADA arises only when a
23 policy, practice or procedure discriminates on the basis of disability. See Weinreich v. Los Angeles
24 County MTA, 114 F.3d 976, 979 (9th Cir. 1997) (no claim under ADA or Rehabilitation Act where
25 disabled individual’s exclusion from transit program was based on his financial inability to
26 provide updated information that he still qualified for program, not on his disability). A plaintiff
27 accordingly bears the burden of establishing the existence of specific reasonable accommodations
1 accommodation must “‘honor the person’s choice [of reasonable accommodation], unless it can
2 demonstrate that another equally effective means of communication is available, or that the use of
3 the means chosen would result in a fundamental alteration [to the entity’s program] or in an undue
4 burden.” Bax v. Doctrs Med. Ctr. Of Modesto, 52 F.4th 858, 868 (9th Cir. 2022) (internal
5 quotation marks and citation omitted, emphasis added). Here, Mr. Baldwin concedes that the
6 prohibition of methadone is a jail-wide policy. See generally SAC. Absent more information, the
7 prescription of Suboxone appears to be a reasonable substitute. On amendment, Mr. Baldwin must
8 provide some facts to explain why Suboxone was not a reasonable substitute for his preferred
9 prescription of methadone.
10 Mr. Baldwin’s state-law claims are not cognizable at this time. Although the Court may be
11 able to exert supplemental jurisdiction over those claims, there generally must first be “claims in
12 the action within such original jurisdiction that they form part of the same case or controversy” as
13 the state-law claims. 28 U.S.C. § 1367(a). Because Mr. Baldwin has yet to state a cognizable
14 federal claim, the Court will not yet exert supplemental jurisdiction.
15 CONCLUSION
16 1. The Second Amended Complaint does not state a cognizable claim at this time. The
17 Second Amended Complaint is DISMISSED WITH LEAVE TO AMEND. If he truthfully can
18 provide facts to support each claim, Mr. Baldwin may amend his claims.
19 2. The THIRD AMENDED COMPLAINT shall be filed within thirty-five days from
20 the date this order is filed. The third amended complaint must include the caption and civil case
21 number used in this order (25-cv-5299-PCP) and the words THIRD AMENDED COMPLAINT
22 on the first page. In the third amended complaint, Mr. Baldwin must allege facts that demonstrate
23 he is entitled to relief on every claim. An amended complaint supersedes the original complaint.
24 See London v. Coopers & Lybrand, 644 F.2d 811, 814 (9th Cir. 1981) (“[A] plaintiff waives all
25 causes of action alleged in the original complaint which are not alleged in the amended
26 complaint.”); Ferdik v. Bonzelet, 963 F.2d 1258, 1262–63 (9th Cir. 1992) (where an amended
27 complaint did not name all the defendants to an action, they were no longer defendants).
] 3. In the alternative, if Mr. Baldwin wishes to proceed against both Monterey County
2 || and Santa Cruz County in the same lawsuit, he may file a Notice of Voluntary Dismissal. This will
3 || permit Mr. Baldwin to avoid accruing a strike under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(g) if this action later is
4 || dismissed on the merits.
5 4. It is Mr. Baldwin’s responsibility to prosecute this case. He must keep the Court
6 || informed of any change of address by filing a separate paper with the Clerk headed “Notice of
7 || Change of Address.” He also must comply with the Court’s orders in a timely fashion. Failure to
8 do so will result in the dismissal of this action for failure to prosecute pursuant to Federal Rule of
9 || Civil Procedure 41(b).
10 5. Mr. Baldwin is cautioned that he must include the case name and case number for
11 this case on any document he submits to the Court for consideration in this case.
12 6. Mr. Baldwin’s applications to proceed in forma pauperis are GRANTED. See Dkt.
13 || Nos. 3, 8. The initial partial filing fee is $5.00. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1) (requiring a court to
14 || assess an initial filing fee of 20 percent of a prisoner’s average monthly deposits or monthly
15 || balance, whichever is greater). A copy of this order and the attached instructions will be sent to
a 16 Mr. Baldwin via U.S. mail, to the Santa Cruz County Jail, and to the court’s financial office via
2 17 || email at CAND Finance@cand.uscourts.gov.
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19 IT IS SO ORDERED.
20 Dated: March 18, 2026
21 Ze
22 LZ Coy
P. Casey Pit
23 United States District Judge
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
2 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
INSTRUCTIONS FOR PAYMENT OF PRISONER’S FILING FEE
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The prisoner shown as the plaintiff or petitioner on the attached order has filed a civil
5 action in forma pauperis in this court and owes to the court a filing fee. Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §
1915, the fee is to be paid as follows:
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The initial partial filing fee listed on the attached order should be deducted by the prison
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trust account office from the prisoner’s trust account and forwarded to the clerk of the court as the
8 first installment payment on the filing fee. This amount is twenty percent of the greater of (a) the
average monthly deposits to the prisoner’s account for the 6-month period immediately preceding
9 the filing of the complaint/petition or (b) the average monthly balance in the prisoner’s account for
the 6-month period immediately preceding the filing of the complaint/petition.
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Thereafter, on a monthly basis, 20 percent of the preceding month’s income credited to the
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prisoner’s trust account should be deducted and forwarded to the court each time the amount in the
12 account exceeds ten dollars ($10.00). The prison trust account office should continue to do this
until the filing fee has been paid in full.
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If the prisoner does not have sufficient funds in his/her account to pay the initial partial
14 filing fee, the prison trust account office should forward the available funds, and carry the balance
forward each month until the amount is fully paid. If the prisoner has filed more than one
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complaint, (s)he is required to pay a filing fee for each case. The trust account office should make
16 the monthly calculations and payments for each case in which it receives an order granting in
forma pauperis and these instructions.
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The prisoner’s name and case number must be noted on each remittance. The initial partial
18 filing fee is due within thirty days of the date of the attached order. Checks should be made
payable to Clerk, U.S. District Court and sent to Prisoner Accounts Receivable, U.S. District
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Court, 450 Golden Gate Avenue, Box 36060, San Francisco, CA 94102.
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cc: Plaintiff/Petitioner
21 Court’s Finance Office
United States District Judge
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