The opinion
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4 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
5 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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7 JOHN SCANNELL, Case No. 26-cv-01556-LJC
8 Plaintiff,
ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE WHY
9 v. CASE SHOULD NOT BE
TRANSFERRED SUA SPONTE
10 NICHOLAS BROWN, et al.,
Defendants.
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12 A. Introduction
13 Plaintiff John Scannell, pro se, brings this action against Nicholas Brown (the Attorney
14 General of the State of Washington), Leesa Manion (the Prosecuting Attorney for King County,
15 Washington), and the City Des Moines, Washington, challenging Scannell’s conviction in
16 Washington state court for unlawful practice of law and the constitutionality of the Washington
17 statute on which that conviction was based. See generally Compl. (ECF No. 1). Scannell, like all
18 Defendants, is located in the Western District of Washington. See id., ¶¶ 1, 5–8. For the reasons
19 discussed below, Scannell is ORDERED TO SHOW CAUSE why this case should not be
20 transferred sua sponte to that district.
21 B. Transfer for Improper Venue
22 The generally applicable statute governing venue in federal civil proceedings reads as
23 follows:
(b) Venue in General.—A civil action may be brought in—
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(1) a judicial district in which any defendant resides, if all defendants
25 are residents of the State in which the district is located;
26 (2) a judicial district in which a substantial part of the events or
omissions giving rise to the claim occurred, or a substantial part of
27 property that is the subject of the action is situated; or
as provided in this section, any judicial district in which any defendant
1 is subject to the court’s personal jurisdiction with respect to such
action.
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3 28 U.S.C. § 1391(b).
4 “The district court of a district in which is filed a case laying venue in the wrong division
5 or district shall dismiss, or if it be in the interest of justice, transfer such case to any district or
6 division in which it could have been brought.” 28 U.S.C. § 1406(a). A district court may raise an
7 issue of improper venue sua sponte, so long as the parties are given an opportunity to be heard and
8 the defendants have not waived any objection to improper venue. Jackson v. Santander Consumer
9 USA, No. 2:24-cv-09492-SRM-SK, 2025 WL 3152241, at *2 n.2 (C.D. Cal. Oct. 1, 2025) (citing
10 Costlow v. Weeks, 790 F.2d 1486, 1488 (9th Cir. 1986)).
11 Here, all Defendants—and indeed also Scannell himself—are also located in the Western
12 District of Washington. Scannell acknowledges that “none of the defendants reside in California.”
13 Compl. ¶ 11. Venue is therefore not proper in this district under § 1391(b)(1), and would be
14 proper in the Western District of Washington under that provision.
15 Virtually all of the events on which Scannell bases his claims—most notably, his
16 conviction in Washington state court for unlawful practice of law—occurred in the Western
17 District of Washington. As Scannell himself asserts, “none of the events which gave rise to the
18 claim occurred in California.” Compl. ¶ 11. Venue is therefore not proper in this district under
19 § 1391(b)(2), and would be proper in the Western District of Washington under that provision as
20 well.
21 Scannell asserts that venue is proper in this district under § 1391(b)(3), see Compl. ¶ 11,
22 which applies only “if there is no district in which an action may otherwise be brought as provided
23 in this section,” 28 U.S.C. § 1391(b)(3). That does not apply here because “this section”—
24 § 1391— would permit the case to be brought in the Western District of Washington under
25 subparts (b)(1) and (b)(2), as discussed above. Scannell contends that he could not bring this case
26 in that or any other district court because they “lack territorial (long arm) jurisdiction to apply their
27 state laws to the Ninth Circuit, who’s headquarters and primary offices are located in San
1 are invalid because he legally practices before the Ninth Circuit. See, e.g., id. ¶ 27.) But the
2 doctrine of personal jurisdiction applies only to parties named as defendants in the case, and the
3 Ninth Circuit is not named as a defendant here, or as a party to the case in any other capacity. The
4 Western District of Washington is at least as capable as this Court of adjudicating Scannell’s
5 claims.
6 Scannell’s premise is also likely incorrect on its merits. The Ninth Circuit has a substantial
7 presence in the State of Washington and thus would likely be subject to personal jurisdiction there,
8 assuming for the sake of argument some unusual circumstances where a party might be able to
9 bring a valid claim against the Ninth Circuit based on events in Washington. But the Court need
10 not resolve that question, because the Ninth Circuit is not a party here and there is no reason to
11 think it could be. Scannell has not accused the Ninth Circuit of any violation of law. Nor is there
12 any need at this time for the Court to address the validity of Scannell’s assertion that the
13 Defendants he has named fall within this Court’s personal jurisdiction, because the issue of
14 improper venue appears to provide a more straightforward basis for transfer that would also cure
15 any defect in personal jurisdiction.
16 Scannell is therefore ORDERED TO SHOW CAUSE why this case should not be
17 transferred to the Western District of Washington sua sponte under 28 U.S.C. § 1406(a) to cure
18 improper venue.
19 C. Transfer for Convenience of Parties and Witnesses
20 Further, district courts also have broad discretion to “transfer any civil action to any other
21 district or division where it might have been brought” based on “the convenience of parties and
22 witnesses” and “in the interest of justice.” 28 U.S.C. § 1404(a). A district court may transfer a
23 case sua sponte under that statute. See Wash. Pub. Utilities Grp. v. U.S. Dist. Ct. for W. Dist. of
24 Wash., 843 F.2d 319, 326 (9th Cir. 1987).
25 Here, all parties are located in the Western District of Washington, and it appears likely
26 that most if not all witnesses would be located there as well. No interest of justice or other
27 consideration is apparent that weighs in favor of trying this case in this district, to which it has no
] therefore also ORDERED TO SHOW CAUSE why this case should not be transferred to the
2 || Western District of Washington under § 1404(a), in the alternative to transfer under § 1406(a)
3 discussed above.
4 D. Conclusion
5 Scannell shall file a response to this Order no later than April 1, 2026. Any Defendant
6 || who wishes to be heard on these issues may file a response by the same deadline.
7 IT IS SO ORDERED.
8 || Dated: March 18, 2026
9 on, | pari —
‘A J. CISNEROS
10 ited States Magistrate Judge
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