Keltos

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS

FORT WORTH DIVISION

GENSAVIS PHARMACEUTICALS, §

INC. §

§

Plaintiff, §

§

v. § Civil Action No. 4:26-CV-00496-O

§

GLENN KELTOS §

§

Defendant. §

OPINION & ORDER

Before the Court are Plaintiff’s Verified Application for Temporary Restraining Order

(ECF No. 1-3); Defendant’s Response (ECF No. 11); and Plaintiff’s Reply (ECF No. 14);

Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss and Appendices in Support (ECF Nos. 8, 9, 10); and Plaintiff’s

Response and Appendix in Support (ECF Nos. 12, 13). Having considered the Motion, briefing,

and applicable law, the Court finds that Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss should be GRANTED in

part and DENIED in part. The Court construes Plaintiff’s Application for Temporary Restraining

Order as a request for a preliminary injunction and hereby GRANTS Plaintiff’s Verified

Application.

I. BACKGROUND1

Gensavis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Gensavis” or “Plaintiff”) is a corporation formed under

the laws of the State of Texas. Defendant Glenn Keltos (“Defendant” or “Keltos”) was hired by

Plaintiff in exchange for thirty shares of stock in Gensavis. Keltos was subsequently terminated

1 Unless otherwise noted, the Court’s recitation of the undisputed facts is taken from Plaintfff’s Complaint

and the parties’ briefing.

by Gensavis for misconduct. Prior to the filing of the instant case, Gensavis and Keltos were

involved in two previous lawsuits.

A. The First Lawsuit

In 2020, Gensavis filed a lawsuit in Texas state court alleging financial misconduct by

Defendant while he was still employed by Plaintiff and while he was still a resident of Texas (“the

First Lawsuit”). In that lawsuit, Keltos filed counterclaims against Gensavis relating to his wages,

his ownership interest in the company, and the value of his interest in the company. During the

First Lawsuit, Gensavis raised concerns with the court regarding Keltos’ access to company

information. Following a hearing on the matter, the court orally ruled from the bench that Keltos

delete any company information and/or provide it to his attorneys. The court also instructed Keltos

to provide a sworn statement verifying compliance with the court’s directive and that he was not

personally in possession of company information. Pursuant to the court’s order and in response to

Gensavis’ filings on the matter, Keltos executed a Declaration and an Affidavit in December 2022,

which were then filed with the court. Gensavis and Keltos ultimately entered into an agreement to

buy back Keltos’ thirty shares in Gensavis.

B. The Second Lawsuit

Keltos subsequently filed his own lawsuit in 2024 for breach of contract against Gensavis

and its CEO, Patrick Monsivais, alleging that they breached the parties’ mediated settlement

agreement stemming from the First Lawsuit (“the Second Lawsuit”). The Second Lawsuit was

filed in Tarrant County, in part, due to a forum-selection clause of the contract at issue governing

any breach-of-contract claims. During a one-day bench trial in the Second Lawsuit, Keltos testified

that he still had the Gensavis QuickBooks on his laptop and had disclosed that QuickBooks data

to a third party in a meeting in Greenville, South Carolina.

C. Procedural History

On March 27, 2026, Plaintiff filed its Complaint and Verified Application for Temporary

Restraining Order (“TRO”). On April 22, 2026, Defendant removed the case to this Court, citing

diversity jurisdiction. The Court ordered the parties to brief the pending TRO application. On May

5, 2026, Defendant filed a Motion to Dismiss for want of personal jurisdiction. The Motions and

briefing are now ripe for the Court’s review.

II. LEGAL STANDARD

A. In Personam Jurisdiction

A federal court may only exercise in personam jurisdiction over a nonresident if: (1) the

long-arm statute of the forum state allows personal jurisdiction over the defendant and (2) the

exercise of personal jurisdiction is consistent with the Fourteenth Amendment’s Due Process

Clause. Revell v. Lidov, 317 F.3d 467, 469 (5th Cir. 2002). Because Texas’s long-arm statute

extends personal jurisdiction to the full extent permitted by the Due Process Clause, the only issue

necessary to adjudicate is whether the exercise of personal jurisdiction over Defendant offends

Due Process. See id. at 469-70.

Due Process is satisfied when (i) the nonresident defendant “has purposefully availed

himself of the benefits and protections of the forum state by establishing ‘minimum contacts’ with

the forum state,” and (ii) “the exercise of jurisdiction over that defendant does not offend

‘traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice.’” Mink v. AAAA Dev. LLC, 190 F.3d 333,

336 (5th Cir. 1999) (quoting Int’l Shoe Co. v. Washington, 326 U.S. 310, 316 (1945)). This test

“ensures that a defendant will not be haled into a jurisdiction solely as a result of random,

fortuitous, or attenuated contacts, or of the unilateral activity of another party or a third person.”

Burger King Corp. v. Rudzewicz, 471 U.S. 462, 475 (1985) (cleaned up).

Sufficient minimum contacts support either specific or general jurisdiction. Clemens v.

McNamee, 615 F.3d 374, 378 (5th Cir. 2010). Specific jurisdiction exists when the cause of action

arises out of or is related to the defendant’s purposeful contacts with the forum. See Burger King,

471 U.S. at 472. General jurisdiction arises when the defendant has continuous and systematic

contacts with the forum state, regardless of whether the cause of action arises from those contacts.

See Helicopteros Nacionales de Colombia, S.A. v. Hall, 466 U.S. 408, 416 (1984). “‘Minimum

contacts’ may be established for a court to assert either specific jurisdiction or general

jurisdiction.” Metis Intern., L.L.C. v. Ace INA Holdings, Inc., No. CIV.A.SA04CA-1033-XR, 2005

WL 1072587, at *2 (W.D. Tex. May 6, 2005)

In a diversity action, a plaintiff must first make a prima facie showing that personal

jurisdiction exists over the defendant. Revell, 317 F.3d at 469. Uncontroverted allegations within

the plaintiff’s complaint are taken as true. Thompson v. Chrysler Motors Corp., 755 F.2d 1162,

1165 (5th Cir. 1985). Any genuine, material conflicts within the evidence and affidavits are

resolved in the plaintiff’s favor. Id. A district court need not “credit conclusory allegations, even

if uncontroverted[,]” nor must it “draw farfetched inferences.” Panda Brandywine Corp. v.

Potomac Elec. Power Co., 253 F.3d 865, 869 (5th Cir. 2001).

B. Temporary Restraining Order

The decision to grant or deny injunctive relief is committed to a district court’s discretion.

Miss. Power & Light Co. v. United Gas Pipe Line, 760 F.2d 618, 621 (5th Cir. 1985). The purpose

of a temporary restraining order (“TRO”) is “to preserve the status quo until there is an opportunity

to hold a hearing.” 11A CHARLES ALAN WRIGHT, ET AL., FEDERAL PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE §

2951 (3d ed. 2005). “A TRO is simply a highly accelerated and temporary form of preliminary

injunctive relief, which requires that the party seeking such relief establish the same four elements

for obtaining a preliminary injunction.” Greer’s Ranch Café v. Guzman, 540 F. Supp. 3d 638, 644–

45 (N.D. Tex. 2021) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).

The Fifth Circuit set out the requirements for a preliminary injunction in Canal Authority

of Florida v. Callaway, 489 F.2d 567, 572 (5th Cir. 1974). To prevail on a preliminary injunction,

the movant must show: (1) a substantial likelihood that the movant will ultimately prevail on the

merits; (2) a substantial threat that the movant will suffer irreparable injury if the injunction is not

granted; (3) that the threatened injury to the movant outweighs whatever damage the proposed

injunction may cause the opposing party; and (4) that granting the injunction is not adverse to the

public interest. Id.; see also Nichols v. Alcatel USA, Inc., 532 F.3d 364, 372 (5th Cir. 2008).

III. ANALYSIS

A. Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss

Defendant argues that Plaintiff has not alleged sufficient facts to support either general or

specific personal jurisdiction. Plaintiff responds that Defendant’s purposeful availment of Texas

state courts to litigate previous disputes, combined with the Defendant being a former treasurer,

shareholder, and fiduciary of a Texas corporation and possessing confidential and proprietary trade

secrets is sufficient to satisfy the minimum-contacts test.2 The Court finds that it has specific

jurisdiction over Defendant for the majority of Plaintiff’s claims.

1. Plaintiff’s Non-Fraud Claims

Specific jurisdiction is appropriate when “the defendant has ‘purposefully directed’ his

activities at residents of the forum” and the plaintiff’s claim against the non-resident defendant

arises out of or relates to those activities. Clemens, 615 F.3d at 378–79; Alpine View Co. v. Atlas

Copco AB, 205 F.3d 208, 215 (5th Cir. 2000). Specific jurisdiction must arise from a clearly

2 Resp. Mot. Dismiss 5–7, ECF No. 12.

defined nexus between Defendant’s contacts and the causes of action for the alleged violations of

the Texas Uniform Trade Secrets Act (“TUTSA”) and Texas Theft Liability Act (“TTLA”), and

conversion, such that the contacts form the basis of the suit. See McNamee, 615 F.3d at 378– 79.

In this case, all of Plaintiff’s causes of action revolve around Defendant’s continued possession of

Plaintiff’s data. Accordingly, the Court focuses its analysis on the relationship between

Defendant’s continued possession of Plaintiff’s data, Defendant’s connections to Texas, and

Plaintiff’s causes of action. See Info. Servs. Grp., Inc. v. Rawlinson, 302 S.W.3d 392, 398 (Tex.

App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2009, pet. denied) (“Specific jurisdiction is established if the

defendant’s alleged liability arises out of or is related to an activity conducted within the forum.”).

Here, Defendant’s possession of Plaintiff’s data arises out of his purposeful employment

in Texas. Defendant worked and resided in Texas until 2019.3 It was only after he was terminated

that he moved to Florida.4 Taking Plaintiff’s allegations as true, Defendant has had continuous,

unauthorized access to Plaintiff’s confidential data since 2019. That is, Defendant’s alleged

misappropriation of Plaintiff’s trade secrets began when Defendant was terminated. Therefore, at

least part of Defendant’s tortious conduct accrued in Texas and was directed at a Texas resident.

See Allchem Performance Products, L.P. v. Frey, No. 3:07-CV-1696-M, 2008 WL 1848461 (N.D.

Tex. Apr. 21, 2008) (holding that a nonresident defendant’s use of misappropriated trade secrets

during a visit to Texas was sufficient to establish “minimum contacts” for specific jurisdiction).

Accordingly, Plaintiff has sufficiently alleged causes of action arising under TUTSA, TTLA, and

for conversion by alleging that Defendant purposefully directed his activities at Texas and that

these causes of action arise out of Defendant’s activities. See Alpine View, 205 F.3d at 215; see

3 Appx. Supp. Mot. Dismiss, Ex. A (Keltos Declaration) ¶ 3, ECF No. 10-1.

4 Id.; Pl.’s Reply Supp. TRO 1, ECF No. 14.

also Lewis v. Fresne, 252 F.3d 352, 358–59 (5th Cir. 2001) (“A single act by a defendant can be

enough to confer personal jurisdiction if that act gives rise to the claim being asserted.”).5

2. Plaintiff’s Fraud Claim

As for fraud, Defendant argues that Plaintiff’s claim is not actionable because the Texas

litigation privilege shields any “communications” made in judicial proceedings from constituting

the basis of a civil action.6 Plaintiff asserts in response that the litigation privilege applies only to

claims for libel and slander.7 In support of his argument, Defendant cites to Shanks v. AlliedSignal,

Inc., 169 F.3d 988 (5th Cir. 1999). The Fifth Circuit in Shanks explicitly stated that it would leave

it “for the district court to determine on remand whether absolute immunity applies” to non-

defamation claims. Shanks, 169 F.3d at n.8. On remand, the district court held that where a cause

of action “exists independently of the privilege communications, the plaintiff is not precluded from

asserting its claim . . . [but] where the plaintiff’s claim arises from the privileged communications,

that claim is barred.” Order Granting Summary Judgment, ECF No. 94 at 6, Shanks v. AlliedSignal,

Inc., 4:94-cv-01906 (S.D. Tex. Aug. 3, 2000), aff’d Shanks v. Alliedsignal, Inc., 268 F.3d 1063

(5th Cir. 2001). The Court agrees.

Here, Plaintiff’s claim for fraud is based on Keltos’s initial affidavit and subsequent

contradictory testimony, both of which were made in judicial proceedings and fall within the

definition of the privilege. See James v. Brown, 637 S.W.2d 914, 916–17 (Tex. 1982) (“This

privilege extends to any statement made by the judge, jurors, counsel, parties or witnesses, and

attaches to all aspects of the proceedings, including statements made in open court, pre-trial

5 The Court finds that venue is proper in this Court for the same reasons that it has specific jurisdiction

over Defendant. Accordingly, Defendant’s request for dismissal under Rule 12(b)(3) and 28 U.S.C.

§1406(a) is DENIED. Furthermore, because the Court has determined it does have jurisdiction to hear the

majority of Plaintiff’s claims, Defendant’s Motion to Transfer is also DENIED.

6 Mot. Dismiss 8, ECF No. 8 (quoting Shanks v. AlliedSignal, Inc., 169 F.3d 988, 992 (5th Cir. 1999)).

7 Resp. Mot. Dismiss 8, ECF No. 12.

hearings, depositions, affidavits and any of the pleadings or other papers in the case.”); see also

Reagan v. Guardian Life Ins., 140 Tex. 105, 166 S.W.2d 909, 912 (Tex. 1942) (“The falsity of the

statement or the malice of the utterer is immaterial.”). Because the communications that form the

basis of Plaintiff’s fraud claim were made in the context of litigation and can not be independently

asserted, the litigation privilege applies. Without being able to rely on Defendant’s in court

statements as the basis for a cause of action in fraud, Plaintiff has failed to show the necessary

nexus between Defendant’s alleged misconduct and Texas. Thus, the Court lacks specific personal

jurisdiction over Defendant.8 See Shell Oil Co. v. Writt, 464 S.W.3d 650 (Tex. 2015) (“While

abuse of the absolute privilege is possible, it is limited because the speaker will generally still be

subject to the risk of criminal prosecution for perjury or obstruction of justice.”). Accordingly,

Plaintiff’s fraud claims are DISMISSED without prejudice for lack of specific personal

jurisdiction.

B. Plaintiff’s TRO Application

Having satisfied itself that it has jurisdiction to hear the bulk of Plaintiff’s claims, the Court

turns to Plaintiff’s TRO application. Because Plaintiff is clearly seeking injunctive relief that

extends beyond the fourteen-day period, the Court construes Plaintiff’s request as a motion for

preliminary injunction. See Garcia v. Glenn, No. 2:17-CV-164-Z, 2020 WL 999829 (N.D. Tex.

Mar. 2, 2020), aff’d, 839 Fed. Appx. 927 (5th Cir. 2021). First, Plaintiff has shown a likelihood of

success on the merits. At bottom, Plaintiff alleges that Defendant has misappropriated Plaintiff’s

sensitive data.9 As Plaintiff alleges, Defendant admitted in open court that he has accessed and

shown Plaintiff’s data to a third-party, despite having been terminated from Gensavis since 2019.

8 The Court also lacks general personal jurisdiction over Defendant because Plaintiff has not sufficiently

pleaded that Defendant’s contacts with Texas were anything other than the unilateral activity of another

party. Carmona v. Leo Ship Mgmt., 924 F.3d 190, 193–94 (5th Cir. 2019).

9 TRO Application 5–6, ECF No. 1-3.

Such a blatant admission weighs strongly in Plaintiff’s favor and has shows that Plaintiff has a

strong likelihood of success on either its TUTSA, TTLA, or conversion claims.

Second, Plaintiff has also shown a substantial threat of irreparable harm. “An irreparable

injury is one that cannot be undone by monetary damages or one for which monetary damages

would be “especially difficult to calculate.’” Heil Trailer Int’l Co. v. Kula, 542 F. App’x 329, 335

(5th Cir. 2013) (citing Lakedreams v. Taylor, 932 F.2d 1103, 1109 (5th Cir. 1991)). In diversity

cases, the Court applies Texas law to determine whether a potential injury would be irreparable.

Kula, 542 F. App’x at 335. As one Texas court has said, “[t]he threatened disclosure of trade

secrets constitutes irreparable injury as a matter of law.” IAC, Ltd. v. Bell Helicopter Textron, Inc.,

160 S.W.3d 191, 200 (Tex. App.—Fort Worth 2005, no pet.). Here, Defendant’s continued

possession of Plaintiff’s data poses such a threat. Accordingly, the Court finds that Plaintiff has

adequately demonstrated a substantial threat of irreparable harm posed by Defendant’s potential

disclosure of trade secrets.

Third, the balance of hardships weighs in Plaintiff’s favor. Plaintiff seeks narrowly tailored

relief designed to protect its legitimate business interests and to ensure misappropriated

information cannot be further misused. Defendant will suffer no undue hardship, as he merely

needs to comply with his obligations not to disclose Plaintiff’s confidential information and to

comply with trade secret law. See MMR Constructors, Inc. v. JB Group of LA, LLC, No. CV 22-

00267-BAJ-RLB, 2022 WL 1223919, at *6 (M.D. La. Apr. 26, 2022).

Finally, enjoining Defendant from using Plaintiff’s sensitive data will not disserve the

public interest. Depriving Defendant of the allegedly misappropriated trade secrets serves the

public interest by furthering the purposes of TUTSA. See Direct Biologics, LLC v. McQueen, No.

1:22-CV-381-SH, 2022 WL 1409984 (W.D. Tex. May 4, 2022).

IV. CONCLUSION

For the forgoing reasons it is ORDERED that Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss is

GRANTED in part and DENIED in part. Plaintiff's fraud claim is DISMISSED without

prejudice for want of personal jurisdiction.

IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Defendant Glenn Keltos is ENJOINED from the

following actions:

1. Possession or unauthorized use or display of Gensavis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.’s

QuickBooks;

2. Using, displaying, dissemination any confidential data, including the Chase Bank

banking records belonging to Gensavis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; and

3. Making back-up copies or disseminating copies of Gensavis Pharmaceuticals, Inc.’s

QuickBooks or confidential data to himself or others.

4. All other relief sought by Plaintiff not expressly granted is DENIED.

SO ORDERED on this 26th day of May, 2026.

Bini —_

Reed O’Connor

CHIEF UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

-10-